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C.H. d’E.Leppington, ‘The Gibeonites of the Stage: Work and Wages Behind
the Scenes’, National Review, 1891, vol. 17, p. 261.
‘A Chorus Lady’s Claim [Morris v. Edwardes]’, Era, 7 March 1896, p. 10.
Hamilton, op. cit., p. 44.
Barbara Drake, Women in Trade Unions, 1920, reprinted London, Virago, 1984,
pp. 44–5.
Holbrook, op. cit., pp. 36–7.
Daisy Halling and Charles Lister, ‘A Minimum Wage for Actors’, Socialist
Review, August 1908, p. 443.
‘An Actress’s Breach of Promise Suit’, Era, 21 January 1893, p. 10.
‘Actress’s Breach of Promise’, Era, 15 February 1893, p. 14.
‘A Theatrical Breach of Promise Case’, Era, 6 May 1893, p. 8.
Hibbert, op. cit., p. 209.
Leppington, op. cit., p. 261.
Bird, op. cit., p. 94; and Clementina Black, Married Women’s Work, 1915,
reprinted London, Virago, 1983, Appendix I.
Black, op. cit., Appendix I.
‘The Theatrical Business—I’, St. James’s Gazette, 10 January 1885, p. 6;
Leppington, op. cit.; and Stage, 26 October 1893, p. 14.
Lena Ashwell, ‘Acting as a Profession for Women’, Edith J.Morley (ed.) op.
cit., p. 300.
Based on weekly wage statistics of textile workers in the North of England
in Clara Collet, Report on the Statistics of Employment of Women and Girls, pt. 2,
1894, pp. 972, 991, 1000; and wages of working class women and girls in a
variety of industries and occupations reported in George H.Wood’s Appendix
to B.L.Hutchins and A.Harrison A History of Factory Legislation, London,
P.S.King, 1907, pp. 261, 279.

Burstyn, op. cit., p. 13.
From annual reports of the Fund in the Stage: 17 January 1890, p. 11; 29
January 1891, p. 9; 28 January 1892, p. 14; 2 March 1893, p. 16; 31 January
1895, p. 14; 25 January 1894, p. 14; and 23 January 1896, p. 14. The percentage
of beneficiaries is based on the 1891 published Census of England and Wales.
Report from the Select Committee on Theatrical Licensing and Regulations with
Proceedings, Minutes of Evidence, Appendix and Index, p. 56, 1866; and Letter,
Daily Telegraph, 19 October 1894, p. 3.
Leading article, ‘Unpaid Rehearsals’, Stage, 23 November 1883, p. 12.
Gardner, op. cit., p. 6.
‘Chit Chat’, Stage, 10 May 1889, p. 9.
Leppington, op. cit., p. 251.
Ashwell, op. cit., p. 303.
A.Maude Royden, Downward Paths: An Inquiry into the Causes which Contribute
to the Making of the Prostitute, London, G.Bell, 1916, p. 161.
Halling and Lister, op. cit., p. 442.
Bird, op. cit., p. 18.
Edith F.Hogg, ‘School Children as Wage Earners’, Nineteenth Century, August
1897, vol. 42, pp. 235–44.
Jerome K.Jerome, On the Stage—and Off: the Brief Career of a Would-be Actor,
London, Leadenhall Press, [1885]; and ‘Theatrical Gossip’, Era, 10 August
1899, p. 8.

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