The Electrical Engineering Handbook Series pptx

The Electrical Engineering Handbook Series
Series Editor
Richard C. Dorf
University of California, Davis
Titles Included in the Series
The Handbook of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Mohammad Ilyas
The Avionics Handbook, Cary R. Spitzer
The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, Joseph D. Bronzino
The Circuits and Filters Handbook, Second Edition, Wai-Kai Chen
The Communications Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry Gibson
The Computer Engineering Handbook, Vojin G. Oklobdzija
The Control Handbook, William S. Levine
The CRC Handbook of Engineering Tables, Richard C. Dorf
The Digital Signal Processing Handbook, Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas Williams
The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, Richard C. Dorf
The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, Leo L. Grigsby
The Electronics Handbook, Jerry C. Whitaker
The Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, Richard C. Dorf
The Handbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing, Alexander D. Poularikas
The Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, William A. Goddard, III,
Donald W. Brenner, Sergey E. Lyshevski, and Gerald J. Iafrate
The Handbook of Optical Communication Networks, Mohammad Ilyas and
Hussein T. Mouftah
The Industrial Electronics Handbook, J. David Irwin
The Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, John G. Webster
The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook, Osita D.I. Nwokah and Yidirim Hurmuzlu
The Mechatronics Handbook, Robert H. Bishop
The Mobile Communications Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry D. Gibson
The Ocean Engineering Handbook, Ferial El-Hawary
The RF and Microwave Handbook, Mike Golio

The Technology Management Handbook, Richard C. Dorf
The Transforms and Applications Handbook, Second Edition, Alexander D. Poularikas
The VLSI Handbook, Wai-Kai Chen
Forthcoming Titles
The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, Richard C. Dorf
The Electronics Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry C. Whitaker
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Editor-in-Chief
JERRY C. WHITAKER
ELECTRONICS
THE
HANDBOOK
SECOND EDITION
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Published in 2005 by
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
©2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10987654321
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-1889-0 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-1889-4 (Hardcover)
Library of Congress Card Number 2004057106
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with
permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish
reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials

or for the consequences of their use.
No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or
other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi-
cation and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The electronics handbook / edited by Jerry C. Whitaker. — 2nd ed.
p. cm. — (Electrical engineering handbook series; v. 34)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-1889-0 (alk. paper)
1. Electronic circuits–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Whitaker, Jerry C. II. Series.
TK7867.E4244 2005
621.381—dc22 2004057106
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Dedication
For Mark Richer
with thanks for the opportunity to contribute to ATSC
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Preface
The first edition of The Electronics Handbook was published in 1996. Between then and now, tremendous
changes have occurred in electronics engineering. During this same period, the value of The Electronics
Handbook has been recognized by thousands of readers allover the world, for which the editor and authors
are very grateful.
The numerous changes in technology over the past few years have led to the publication of a second
edition of The Electronics Handbook. This new edition builds upon the solid foundation of fundamental

theory and practical applications of the original work. All chapters have been reviewed and updated as
needed, and many new chapters have been added to explain new developments in electronics engineering.
The Electronics Handbook is intended for engineers and technicians involved in the design, production,
installation, operation,andmaintenance of electronic devices and systems. This publicationcovers a broad
range of technologies with emphasis on practical applications. In general, the level of detail provided
is limited to that necessary to design electronic systems based on the interconnection of operational
elements and devices. References are provided throughout thehandbook to direct readers to more detailed
information on important subjects.
The purpose of The Electronics Handbook is to provide in a single volume a comprehensive reference
for the practicing engineer in industry, government, and academia. The book is divided into 23 chapters
that encompass the field of electronics. The goal is to provide the most up-to-date reference on subjects
ranging from classical devices and circuits to emerging technologies and applications.
The fundamentals of electronics have evolved to include a wide range of knowledge, empirical data,
and a broad range of practice. The focus of this handbook is on the key concepts, models, and equations
that enable the engineer to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of complex electrical devices, circuits,
instruments, and systems. The reader will find the key concepts of each subject defined, described, and
illustrated; where appropriate, practical applications are given as well.
The levelofconceptualdevelopment of eachtopic is challenging, but tutorial andrelativelyfundamental.
Each chapter is written to enlighten the expert, refresh the knowledge of the experienced engineer, and
educate the novice.
The information contained in this work is organized into 23 chapters, building a foundation from
theory to materials to components to circuits to applications. The Handbook concludes with important
chapters on reliability, safety, and engineering management.
At the conclusion of most chapters of the Handbook are three important entries of particular interest
to readers:
r
DefiningTerms, whichidentifieskeytermsapplicabletothefieldandtheirmostcommondefinitions
r
References, which lists the papers and other resources used in the development of the chapter
r

Further Information, which directs the reader to additional sources of in-depth information on the
subject matter
These features, a trademark of the CRC Press Electrical Engineering Handbook Series, are a valuable
aid to both experienced and novice engineers.
vii
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
In a publication as large as this, locating the information desired in a rapid manner is important.
Numerous aids are provided in this regard. A complete table of contents is given at the beginning of the
book. In addition, an individual table of contents precedes each of the 23 chapters. A comprehensive
subject index is also provided.
The Electronics Handbook is designed to provide answers to most inquiries and to direct the reader
to further sources and references as needed. It is our hope that this publication will continue to serve
you—the reader—with important, useful information for years to come.
Jerry C. Whitaker
Editor-in-Chief
viii
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Editor-in-Chief
Jerry C. Whitaker is Vice President of Standards Development at the Advanced Television Systems
Committee (ATSC). Whitaker supports the work of the various ATSC technology and implementation
committees and assists in the development of ATSC standards, recommended practices, and related doc-
uments. The ATSC is an international, nonprofit organization developing voluntary standards for digital
television.
Whitaker is a Fellow of the Society of Broadcast Engineers and a Fellow of the Society of Motion Picture
and Television Engineers. He is also the author and editor of more than 30 books on technical topics. His
current CRC titles include:
r
The RF Transmission Systems Handbook
r
The Electronic Systems Maintaining Handbook

r
AC Power Systems Handbook, 2nd edition
r
The Power Vacuum Tubes Handbook
Whitaker is the former editorial director and associate publisher of Broadcast Engineering and Video
Systems magazines.
ix
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Contributors
Samuel O. Agbo
California Polytechnic State
University
San Luis Obispo, California
Oktay Alkin
School of Engineering
Southern Illinois University
Edwardsville, Illinois
Brent Allen
Bell Northern Research
Ottawa, Canada
William F. Ames
School of Mathematics
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Constantine N.
Anagnostopoulos
Microelectronics Technical
Division
Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester, New York

Peter Aronhime
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky
Praveen Asthana
IBM Corporation
San Jose, California
Fred Baumgartner
TCI Technology Ventures
Denver, Colorado
Terrence M. Baun
Criterion Broadcast Services
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Melvin L. Belcher, Jr.
Radar Systems Analysis
Georgia Tech Research Institute
Symrna, Georgia
Carl Bentz
Intertec Publishing
Overland Park, Kansas
David F. Besch
University of the Pacific
Stockton, California
Ashoka K.S. Bhat
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
University of Victoria
Victoria, Canada
Glenn R. Blackwell

Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
Technology
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Bruce W. Bomar
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
University of Tennessee Space
Institute
Tullahoma, Tennessee
Iuliana Bordelon
CALCE Electronic Packaging
Research Center
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
Jerome R. Breitenbach
Department of Electrical
Engineering
California Polytechnic State
University
San Luis Obispo, California
John R. Brews
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona
Isidor Buchmann
Cadex Electronics, Inc.
Richmond, Canada
Stuart K. Burgess
University of Southern

California
Los Angeles, California
George Cain
School of Mathematics
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Paulo Cardieri
University of Campinas
S
˜
ao Paulo, Brazil
Clifford G. Carter
Naval Undersea Warfare Center
Newport, Rhode Island
xi
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Jonathon A. Chambers
Cardiff School of Engineering
Cardiff University
Wales, United Kingdom
Curtis J. Chan
Chan and Associates
Fullerton, California
KenA.Chauvin
Corning Cable Systems
Hickory, North Carolina
Tom Chen
Department of Electrical
Engineering
Colorado State University

Fort Collins, Colorado
John Choma, Jr.
University of Southern
California
San Dimas, California
Badrul H. Chowdhury
Department of Electrical
Engineering
University of Wyoming
Laramie, Wyoming
Michael D. Ciletti
University of Colorado
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Almon H. Clegg
CCi
Cumming, Georgia
George I. Cohn
California State University
Flintridge, California
James G. Cottle
Hewlett-Packard
San Francisco, California
Leon W. Couch, II
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Charles H. Cox, III
Research Laboratory of
Electronics
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology

Cambridge, Massachusetts
Gilles A. Daigle
Institute for Microstructural
Sciences
Ottawa, Canada
Edward J. Delp, III
ECE Department
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Kenneth R. Demarest
University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas
Gene DeSantis
DeSantis Associates
New Milford, New Jersey
William E. DeWitt
School of Technology
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Daniel F. DiFonzo
Planar Communications
Corporation
Rockville, Maryland
Dennis F. Doelitzsch
3-D Communications
Corporation
Marion, Illinois
Barry G. Douglass
Department of Electrical
Engineering

Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas
Thomas F. Edgar
Department of Chemical
Engineering
University of Texas
Austin, Texas
Ezz I. El-Masry
Department of Electrical
Engineering
Technical Institute of Nova
Scotia
Halifax, Canada
Yariv Ephraim
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
George Mason University
Fairfax, Virginia
Steve Epstein
Video Systems Magazine
Overland Park, Kansas
Eugene D. Fabricius
EL/EE Department
California Polytechnic State
University
San Luis Obispo, California
Anthony J. Ferraro
Department of Electrical
Engineering
Pennsylvania State University

University Park, Pennsylvania
Clifford D. Ferris
University of Wyoming
Laramie, Wyoming
Robert J. Feugate, Jr.
College of Engineering and
Technology
University of Arizona
Flagstaff, Arizona
Igor M. Filanovsky
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Canada
Paul D. Franzon
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina
xii
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Susan A. Garrod
Department of Electrical
Engineering
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
James E. Goldman
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Juergen Hahn

Department of Chemical
Engineering
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas
Jerry C. Hamann
Department of Electrical
Engineering
University of Wyoming
Laramie, Wyoming
Margaret H. Hamilton
Hamilton Technologies, Inc.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
William F. Hammett
Hammett and Edison, Inc.
Sonoma, California
Cecil Harrison
University of Southern
Mississippi
Brandon, Mississippi
Robert D. Hayes
RDH Incorporated
Marietta, Georgia
Robert J. Hofinger
School of Technology
Purdue University
Columbus, Indiana
James M. Howell
Raytheon Corporation
Woodstock, Georgia
Timothy P. Hulick

Acrodyne Industries, Inc.
Schwenksville, Pennsylvania
Thomas K. Ishii
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
Marquette University
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
David Jernigan
National Instruments
Austin, Texas
T. S. Kalkur
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
University of Colorado
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Rangachar Kasturi
Department of Computer
Science
Pennsylvania State University
State College, Pennsylvania
Hagbae Kim
Langley Research Center
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Hampton, Virginia
Ravindranath Kollipara
LSI Logic Corporation
Palo Alto, California
Kurt L. Kosbar
Department of Electrical

Engineering
University of Missouri
Rolla, Missouri
David A. Kosiba
Pennsylvania State University
State College, Pennsylvania
Robert Kubichek
Department of Electrical
Engineering
University of Wyoming
Laramie, Wyoming
Gopal Lakhani
Department of Computer
Science
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, Texas
Paul P.K. Lee
Microelectronics Technical
Division
Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester, New York
´
Elvio Jo
˜
ao Leonardo
University of Campinas
S
˜
ao Paulo, Brazil
Honoch Lev-Ari

Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
Northeastern University
Boston, Massachusetts
Francis Long
University of Denver
Denver, Colorado
Shih-Lien Lu
Department of Electronics and
Computer Engineering
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon
Melissa S. Mattmuller
Department of Engineering
Technology
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Edward McConnell
National Instruments
Austin, Texas
John E. McInroy
Department of Electrical
Engineering
University of Wyoming
Laramie, Wyoming
Bernard E. McTaggart
Naval Undersea Warfare Center
Baltic, Connecticut
xiii
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group

Patricia F. Mead
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
´
Alvaro Augusto Machado
Medeiros
University of Campinas
S
˜
ao Paulo, Brazil
Victor Meeldijk
Network Processing Group
Intel Corporation
Parsippany, New Jersey
Sanjay K. Mehta
Naval Undersea Warfare Center
Newport, Rhode Island
John D. Meyer
Printing Technologies
Department
Hewlett-Packard Co.
Palo Alto, California
JanH.Mooij
Ceramic Innovation Center
Philips Components
Roermond, Netherlands
Gibson Morris, Jr.
Department of Electrical

Engineering
University of Southern
Alabama
Mobile, Alabama
Wayne Needham
Intel Corporation
Chandler, Arizona
John Norgard
University of Colorado
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Martin R. Parker
Department of Electrical
Engineering
University of Alabama
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Eugene T. Patronis, Jr.
School of Physics
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Michael Pecht
CALCE Electronic Products
and Systems Center
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
Benjamin B. Peterson
U.S. Coast Guard Academy
Waterford, Connecticut
John W. Pierre
Department of Electrical
Engineering

University of Wyoming
Laramie, Wyoming
Fabrizio Pollara
Jet Propulsion Lab
California Institute of
Technology
Pasadena, California
Roy W. Rising
ABC - TV
Valley Village, California
David E. Rittenhouse
Siecor Corporation
Hickory, North Carolina
William J.J. Roberts
Atlantic Coast Technologies,Inc.
Silver Spring, Maryland
Richard Rudman
KFWB Radio
Los Angeles, California
Stanley Salek
Hammett and Edison, Inc
Sonoma, California
C. Sankaran
Electro-Test Inc.
Shoreline, Washington
James A. Scheer
Department of GTRI - Sensors
Electronics
Georgia Tech Research Institute
Atlanta, Georgia

JerryE.Sergent
BBS PowerMod, Inc.
Corbin, Kentucky
Ken Seymour
AT&T Wireless Services
Sprynet
Santa Rosa, California
James F. Shackelford
University of California
Davis, California
E. A. G. Shaw
National Research Council
of Canada
Ottawa, Canada
Joy S. Shetler
Computer Engineering
Program
California Polytechnic State
University
San Luis Obispo, California
xiv
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Carol Smidts
Reliability Engineering
Program
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
Sidney Soclof
California State University
San Gabriel, California

David Stafford
Quantegy, Inc.
Opelika, Alabama
Michael Starling
National Public Radio
Washington, DC
Zbigniew J. Staszak
Department of Electronic
Circuits
Technical University of Gdansk
Gdansk, Poland
MichaelB.Steer
Department of Electronics and
Computer Engineering
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina
Michel R. Stinson
Institute for Microstructural
Sciences
Ottawa, Canada
Gerhard J. Straub
Hammett and Edison, Inc.
La Plata, Maryland
Robert A. Surette
Shively Labs
Bridgton, Maine
Sawasd Tantaratana
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
University of Massachusetts

Amherst, Massachusetts
Jeffrey P. Tate
Department of Electronic
Engineering and Technology
Florida A&M University
Tallahassee, Florida
Stuart K. Tewksbury
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology
Hoboken, New Jersey
Floyd E. Toole
Harman International
Industries, Inc.
Northridge, California
William H. Tranter
Department of Electrical
Engineering
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
Vijai K. Tripathi
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon
Sadrul Ula
Department of Electrical
Engineering
University of Wyoming
Laramie, Wyoming
Ardie D. Walser

Department of Electrical
Engineering
City College of New York
New York, New York
William E. Webb
Department of Electrical
Engineering
University of Alabama
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Robert R. Weirather
Harris Corporation
Quincy, Illinois
Douglas H. Werner
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania
Pingjuan L. Werner
Pennsylvania State University
State College, Pennsylvania
Jerry C. Whitaker
Advance Television Systems
Committee
Washington, DC
Allan White
Langley Research Center
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Hampton, Virginia
Donald White
Don White Consultants, Inc.
Warrenton, Virginia

Bogdan M. Wilamowski
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama
Tsong-Ho Wu
Transtech Networks, Inc.
Iselin, New Jersey
Fred Wylie
Audio Processing Technology,
Ltd.
Belfast, Northern Ireland
xv
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Michel D. Yacoub
University of Campinas
Pathumthaui, Brazil
Harry E. Young
MTA-EMCI
Atlanta, Georgia
Paul Kit-Lai Yu
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
University of California, San
Diego
La Jolla, California
Rodger E. Ziemer
University of Colorado
Colorado Springs, Colorado
xvi

Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Contents
Chapter 1 Fundamental Electrical Theory 1
1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum
John Norgard 2
1.2 Resonance
Michael D. Ciletti 11
1.3 Electroacoustics
Eugene T. Patronis, Jr. 20
1.4 Thermal Noise and Other Circuit Noise
Barry G. Douglass 30
1.5 Logic Concepts and Design
George I. Cohn 40
1.6 Digital Logic and Sequential Logic Circuits
George I. Cohn 59
1.7 The Physical Nature of Sound
Floyd E. Toole, E. A. G. Shaw, Gilles A. Daigle, and Michel R. Stinson 87
1.8 Principles of Light, Vision, and Photometry
Jerry C. Whitaker 97
Chapter 2 Properties of Materials and Components
111
2.1 Circuit Fundamentals
John Choma, Jr. and Stuart K. Burgess 112
2.2 Semiconductor Materials
Stuart K. Tewksbury 122
2.3 Thermal Properties
DavidF.Besch 144
2.4 Resistive Materials
JanH.Mooij 151
2.5 Magnetic Materials for Inductive Processes

Martin R. Parker and William E. Webb 164
xvii
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
2.6 Capacitance and Capacitors
Igor M. Filanovsky 175
2.7 Properties of Materials
James F. Shackelford 200
2.8 International Standards and Constants 230
Chapter 3 Properties of Passive Components
239
3.1 Crystal Oscillators
Jeffrey P. Tate and Patricia F. Mead 239
3.2 Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Devices
Ardie D. Walser 254
3.3 Electromechanical Devices
C. Sankaran 269
3.4 Aural Pickup Devices
Roy W. Rising 276
3.5 Aural Reproduction Devices
Michael Starling 285
Chapter 4 Passive Electrical Circuit
309
4.1 Coaxial Transmission Lines
Jerry C. Whitaker 309
4.2 Waveguide
Kenneth R. Demarest 319
4.3 Passive Microwave Devices
MichaelB.Steer 329
4.4 Passive Filters
Cecil Harrison 339

Chapter 5 Electron Vacuum Devices 353
5.1 Electron Tube Fundamentals
Clifford D. Ferris 353
5.2 Power Grid Tubes
Jerry C. Whitaker 367
5.3 Neutralization Techniques
Jerry C. Whitaker 387
xviii
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
5.4 Amplifier Systems
Jerry C. Whitaker 397
5.5 Image Capture Devices
Steve Epstein 424
5.6 CRT Devices and Displays
Jerry C. Whitaker 430
5.7 Projection Systems
Jerry C. Whitaker 451
Chapter 6 Microwave Vacuum Devices
475
6.1 Microwave Power Tubes
Jerry C. Whitaker 475
6.2 Klystron
Robert R. Weirather 482
6.3 Traveling Wave Tubes
Thomas. K. Ishii 490
6.4 Other Microwave Vacuum Devices
Thomas K. Ishii 506
6.5 Operational Considerations for Microwave Tubes
Jerry C. Whitaker 521
Chapter 7 Semiconductor Devices and Circuits

529
7.1 Semiconductors
Sidney Soclof 530
7.2 Bipolar Junction and Junction Field-Effect Transistors
Sidney Soclof 533
7.3 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
John R. Brews 545
7.4 Image Capture Devices
Edward J. Delp, III 558
7.5 Image Display Devices
Jerry C. Whitaker 565
7.6 Solid-State Amplifiers
Timothy P. Hulick 577
7.7 Operational Amplifiers
Peter Aronhime 611
xix
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
7.8 Applications of Operational Amplifiers
Peter Aronhime 641
7.9 Switched-Capacitor Circuits
Ezz I. El-Masry 677
7.10 Semiconductor Failure Modes
Victor Meeldijk 687
Chapter 8 Microelectronics
707
8.1 Integrated Circuits
Tom Chen 708
8.2 Integrated Circuit Design
Samuel O. Agbo and Eugene D. Fabricius 716
8.3 Digital Logic Families

Robert J. Feugate, Jr. 739
8.4 Memory Devices
Shih-Lien Lu 755
8.5 Microprocessors
James G. Cottle 775
8.6 D/A and A/D Converters
Susan A. Garrod 784
8.7 Application-Specific Integrated Circuits
Constantine N. Anagnostopoulos and Paul P.K. Lee 791
8.8 Digital Filters
Jonathon A. Chambers, Sawasd Tantaratana, and Bruce W. Bomar 808
8.9 Multichip Module Technology
Paul D. Franzon 832
8.10 Testing of Integrated Circuits
Wayne Needham 844
8.11 Integrated Circuit Packages
Victor Meeldijk 852
Chapter 9 Optoelectronics 875
9.1 Optical Fiber
Ken A. Chauvin 875
9.2 Fiber Optic Cable
Ken A. Chauvin 905
9.3 Optical Transmitters
Charles H. Cox, III 936
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Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
9.4 Optical Receivers
Paul Kit-Lai Yu 964
9.5 Optical System Design
David E. Rittenhouse 980

Chapter 10 Power Supplies and Regulation
1013
10.1 Transformers
Sadrul Ula 1014
10.2 Rectifier and Filter Circuits
T. S. Kalkur 1026
10.3 Voltage Regulation
Melissa S. Mattmuller 1031
10.4 Switching Power Supplies
Robert J. Hofinger 1046
10.5 Inverters
Ashoka K.S. Bhat 1067
10.6 DC-to-DC Conversion
Ashoka K.S. Bhat 1081
10.7 Power Distribution and Control
Badrul H. Chowdhury 1094
10.8 Power System Protection Alternatives
Jerry C. Whitaker 1115
10.9 Standby Power Systems
Jerry C. Whitaker 1157
10.10 Facility Grounding
Jerry C. Whitaker 1184
10.11 Batteries
Isidor Buchmann 1246
Chapter 11 Packaging Electronic Systems 1259
11.1 Printed Wiring Boards
Ravindranath Kollipara and Vijai K. Tripathi 1259
11.2 Hybrid Microelectronics Technology
JerryE.Sergent 1276
11.3 Surface Mount Technology

Glenn R. Blackwell 1297
xxi
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11.4 Shielding and EMI Considerations
Donald White 1316
11.5 Heat Management
Zbigniew J. Staszak 1329
Chapter 12 Communication Principles 1353
12.1 Intelligence Coding
Leon W. Couch, II 1354
12.2 Amplitude Modulation
Robert Kubichek 1368
12.3 Frequency Modulation
Ken Seymour 1383
12.4 Pulse Modulation
Rodger E. Ziemer 1397
12.5 Digital Modulation
Rodger E. Ziemer 1410
12.6 Spread Spectrum Systems
Kurt L. Kosbar and William H. Tranter 1434
12.7 Digital Coding Schemes
Oktay Alkin 1449
12.8 Audio Compression Techniques
Fred Wylie 1456
12.9 Aural Noise Reduction Systems
William J.J. Roberts and Yariv Ephraim 1464
12.10 Video Compression Techniques
Gopal Lakhani 1473
Chapter 13 Electromagnetic Radiation
1483

13.1 Antenna Principles
Pingjuan L. Werner, Anthony J. Ferraro, and Douglas H. Werner 1483
13.2 Radio Wave Propagation
Gerhard J. Straub 1516
13.3 Practical Antenna Systems
Jerry C. Whitaker 1531
13.4 Combiners and Combining Networks
Robert A. Surette 1560
xxii
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Chapter 14 Information Recording and Storage 1577
14.1 Magnetic Tape
David Stafford 1577
14.2 Data Storage Systems
Jerry C. Whitaker 1586
14.3 Optical Storage Systems
Praveen Asthana 1592
14.4 Error Correction
Fabrizio Pollara 1608
14.5 Data Compression
Jerome R. Breitenbach 1619
Chapter 15 Wired Communications Systems
1635
15.1 Network Switching Concepts
Tsong-Ho Wu 1635
15.2 SONET
Brent Allen 1647
15.3 Facsimile Systems
Rodger E. Ziemer 1663
Chapter 16 Wireless Communications Systems 1667

16.1 Radio Broadcasting
Dennis F. Doelitzsch 1668
16.2 Digital Audio Broadcasting
Stanley Salek and Almon H. Clegg 1683
16.3 Audio Interconnection
Roy W. Rising 1698
16.4 Television and Video Production Systems
Curtis J. Chan 1708
16.5 ATSC Video, Audio, and PSIP Transmission
Jerry C. Whitaker 1732
16.6 Propagation Considerations for Mobile Radio Systems
Michel D. Yacoub 1757
16.7 Cellular Radio
HarryE.Young 1772
16.8 Satellite Communications
Daniel F. DiFonzo 1786
xxiii
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
Chapter 17 Radar and Radionavigation 1801
17.1 Radar Principles
James M. Howell 1801
17.2 Radar System Implementation
Melvin L. Belcher, Jr. and James A. Scheer 1820
17.3 Electronic Navigation Systems
Benjamin B. Peterson 1847
17.4 Underwater Sonar Systems
Sanjay K. Mehta, Clifford G. Carter, and Bernard E. McTaggart 1878
17.5 Electronic Warfare and Countermeasures
Robert D. Hayes 1896
Chapter 18 Control and Instrumentation Technology 1915

18.1 Measurement Techniques: Sensors and Transducers
Cecil Harrison 1915
18.2 Data Acquisition
Edward McConnell and David Jernigan 1938
18.3 Process Dynamics and Control
Thomas F. Edgar and Juergen Hahn 1966
18.4 Servo Systems
John E. McInroy 1988
18.5 Power Control and Switching
Gibson Morris, Jr 1996
Chapter 19 Computer Systems 2005
19.1 Fundamental Architecture
Joy S. Shetler 2006
19.2 Software Design and Development
Margaret H. Hamilton 2019
19.3 Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems
Bogdan M. Wilamowski 2039
19.4 Machine Vision
David A. Kosiba and Rangachar Kasturi 2063
19.5 A Brief Survey of Speech Enhancement
Yariv Ephraim, Hanoch Lev-Ari, and William J.J. Roberts 2088
xxiv
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
19.6 Ad Hoc Networks
Michel D. Yacoub, Paulo Cardieri,
´
Elvio Jo˜ao Leonardo,
and
´
Alvaro Augusto Machado Medeiros 2097

19.7 Network Communication
James E. Goldman 2118
19.8 Printing Technologies and Systems
John D. Meyer 2145
Chapter 20 Signal Measurement, Analysis, and Testing
2163
20.1 Audio Frequency Distortion Mechanisms and Analysis
Jerry C. Whitaker 2164
20.2 Analog Video Measurements
Carl Bentz and Jerry C. Whitaker 2177
20.3 Radio Frequency Distortion Mechanisms and Analysis
Samuel O. Agbo 2194
20.4 Oscilloscopes
Jerry C. Whitaker 2213
20.5 Spectrum Analysis
Jerry C. Whitaker 2221
20.6 Fourier Waveform Analysis
Jerry C. Hamann and John W. Pierre 2231
20.7 Digital Test Instruments
Jerry C. Whitaker 2243
Chapter 21 Reliability Engineering
2257
21.1 Probability and Statistics
Allan White and Hagbae Kim 2257
21.2 Electronic Hardware Reliability
Michael Pecht and Iuliana Bordelon 2281
21.3 Software Reliability
Carol Smidts 2292
Chapter 22 Safety 2317
22.1 Electric Shock

Clifford D. Ferris 2317
22.2 Nonionizing Electromagnetic Radiation
William F. Hammett 2325
xxv
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group
22.3 PCBs and Other Hazardous Substances
Jerry C. Whitaker 2330
22.4 Facility Grounding Principles
William E. DeWitt 2337
Chapter 23 Engineering Management, Standardization,
and Regulation
2343
23.1 Systems Engineering Concepts
Gene DeSantis 2344
23.2 Concurrent Engineering
Francis Long 2366
23.3 Engineering Documentation
Fred Baumgartner and Terrence M. Baun 2383
23.4 Disaster Planning and Recovery
Richard Rudman 2388
23.5 Conversion Factors
Jerry C. Whitaker 2401
23.6 General Mathematical Tables
William F. Ames and George Cain 2420
23.7 Glossary of Terms
Jerry C. Whitaker 2469
23.8 Abbreviations and Acronyms
Jerry C. Whitaker 2516
xxvi
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group

1
Fundamental
Electrical Theory
John Norgard
University of Colorado
Michael D. Ciletti
University of Colorado
Eugene T. Patronis, Jr.
Georgia Institute of Technology
Barry G. Douglass
Texas A&M University
George I. Cohn
California State University
Floyd E. Toole
Harman International Industries, Inc.
E. A. G. Shaw
National Research Council of Canada
Gilles A. Daigle
Institute for Microstructural Sciences
Michel R. Stinson
Institute for Microstructural Sciences
Jerry C. Whitaker
Editor-in-Chief
1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
Introduction
•
Spectral Subregions
1.2 Resonance 11
Introduction
•

Frequency-Domain Description of Resonance
•
Series-Parallel RLC Resonant Filter
•
The Pole Zero Pattern
Description of Resonance
•
Time-Domain Description of
Resonance
•
Resonance and Energy Storage in Inductors and
Capacitors
•
Physical Hazards with Resonant Circuits
1.3 Electroacoustics 20
Introduction
•
Linear Acoustics
•
Radiation Models
•
Dynamic Low-Frequency Loudspeaker
•
Radiated Power
•
Acoustic Impedance
•
Circuit Duals and Mobility Models
1.4 Thermal Noise and Other Circuit Noise 30
Introduction

•
Thermal Noise
•
Shot Noise
•
Noise in Systems
of Cascaded Stages
•
Noise-Induced Error in Digital Circuits
•
Noise in Mixed Signal Systems
•
Conclusions
1.5 Logic Concepts and Design 40
Introduction
•
Digital Information Representation
•
Number
Systems
•
Number Representation
•
Arithmetic
•
Number
Conversion from One Base to Another
•
Complements
•

Codes
•
Boolean Algebra
•
Boolean Functions
•
Switching
Circuits
•
Expansion Forms
•
Realization
•
Timing Diagrams
•
Hazards
•
K -Map Formats
•
K -Maps and Minimization
•
Minimization with K-Maps
•
Quine McCluskey Tabular
Minimization
1.6 Digital Logic and Sequential Logic Circuits 59
Combinational and Sequential Logic Circuits
•
Set-Reset Latch
•

Latch Analysis with Difference Equations
•
Microtiming
Diagram Construction
•
Set-Reset Latch Nomenclature
•
Set-Reset Latch Truth Table
•
Set-Reset Latch Macrotiming
Diagram
•
JKLatch
•
T Latch
•
D Latch
•
Synchronous
Latches
•
Master-Slave Flip-Flops
•
Standard Master-Slave Data
Flip-Flop
•
Sequential Logic System Description
•
Analysis of Synchronous Sequential Logic Circuits
•

Synthesis of
Synchronous Sequential Logic Circuits
•
Equivalent States
•
Partitioning
•
Implication Table
•
State Assignment
•
State
Assignment Guidelines
•
Implication Graph
•
Incompletely
Specified Circuits
•
Algorithmic State Machines
•
Asynchronous Sequential Machines
1
Copyright 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group