U.S. Tobacco Control Laws Database: Research Applications pdf
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U.S. Tobacco Control Laws
Database: Research Applications
History of the Database
Collection started in early 1980’s
Database created in 1985
Database includes records back to 1914
the earliest smoking control ordinance is a 1936
Milwaukee, WI law prohibiting smoking on buses, and
the earliest Youth Access ordinance is a 1914 Houston,
MO law prohibiting sales to minors
What’s in the Database?
Clean Indoor Air /Smokefree laws
Local and State
Youth Access
Advertising
Excise Taxes
Conditional Use Permits (CUP’s)
Database is a repository of close to 8500 laws in close to
4000 municipalities; all 50 states (for clean indoor air)
323 fields in each record
Process of Collecting Laws
Mail Solicitations
ANR Foundation’s own
Partnership mailings with others
Monitoring news services
Daily updates from Information Specialists
Newsletters and websites
Advocates, Colleagues, and Elected Officials
Our Members
Analysis & Data Entry
Standardized system designed to ensure
objectivity and consistency across all
records in the database
Checked in to our system
Analyzed by Policy Analyst
Simultaneously analyzed by Associate Policy Analyst
Discrepancies to Sr. Policy Analyst for final decisions
Data entered by Policy Analyst
Data entry is checked by policy/administrative staff
Laws are filed in hard files
Comprehensiveness of Collection
98% rate of coverage among cities with a
population of 75,000 or more.
Smaller cities are a challenge, but we do
have laws in the database from cities with
populations as low as 30.
Data Uses
Media Relations & Advocacy
Community education
Surveillance
Evaluation
Earned Media
November 2, 2005
Annual Trends
525
500
475
450
425
400
375
350
325
300
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Workplaces°
Restaurants‡
Year
2007**
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
Bars
1990
Cumulative Number
MUNICIPALITIES with LOCAL 100% SMOKEFREE LAWS
Cumulative Number Effective* By Year 1990 - 2007
Population Protected
Peer Reviewed Publications
• 5 National Cancer Institute (NCI) Monographs
• 3 Surgeons General’s Reports
• Studies and journal articles, including Journal of the
American Medical Association, American Journal of
Public Health, Tobacco Control, National Bureau of
Economic Research, Annual Review of Public Health,
Journal of Social Issues, and British Medical Journal on
economic impact, youth smoking prevalence, low birth
weight, resale value of restaurants or cars, etc.
Sample of Research Articles
"Workplace secondhand smoke exposure in the U.S. trucking industry," Environmental
Health Perspectives 118(2): 216-221, February 2010.
“The Diffusion and Impact of Clean Indoor Air Laws,” Annu. Rev. Public Health, 2008.
"Effect of smoking regulations in local restaurants on smokers’ anti-smoking attitudes
and quitting behaviours," Tobacco Control, April 2007.
"Economic effect of a smoke-free law in a tobacco-growing community," Tobacco
Control, February 1, 2007.
"Smoke-free laws and secondhand smoke exposure in US non-smoking adults, 1999–
2002," Tobacco Control, August 2006.
"The role of research in international tobacco control," American Journal of Public
Health, June 2005.
“Effect of restrictions on smoking at home, at school, and in public places on teenage
smoking: cross sectional study,” British Medical Journal, August 5, 2000.
Applications to Related Issues
Tracking acute and chronic disease rates
Pediatric clinics: asthma, ear infections,
bronchitis, etc.
AMI admissions
Cancer rates and trends over time
Fewer “cancer clusters” as cities go smokefree?
Possible Model
for Other Policy Tracking
Are there other potential applications of this
type of database?
Exercise and nutrition policies
Other areas?
Opportunity to share lessons learned and
technical issues from our experience.
For More Information
2530 San Pablo Avenue, Suite J
Berkeley, CA 94702
510/841-3032
email:
www.no-smoke.org
