Nghiên cứu định hướng giá trị bằng thang đo PVQ r của schwartz

NGHIEN CQU DjNH HUONG GIA TRj
B A N G THANG D O PVQ-R

CUA SCHWARTZ
PGS.TS. Truong Thi Khanh Ha
Trudng Bai hgc Khoa hgc Xd hpi vd Nhdn vdn, Bai hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi.
I

TOM TAT

Bdi viit trinh bdy kit qud khdo sdt 1.513 ngudi tir 17 din 40 tudi, sir dung Bdng
khdo sdt gid tri diiu chinh (Profile Value Questionnaire - Revised, viit tdt Id PVQ-R)
cua Schwartz. Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdy, thang do PVQ-R phien bdn tiing Viet cd
dp tin cdy vd cdu trie khd tdt. Khdeh thi trong mdu nghiin cdu dinh hudng mgnh me
nhdt den cdc gid tri nhdn di binh ddng, cdng bdng, su an todn cd nhdn vd xd hpi su tu
chu, thdnh dgt vd hudng thu So vdi kit qua nghien ciru ndm 2015, nhiing nguai tham
gia trong nghiin ciru ndy dinh hudng tdi cdc gid tri tu chu, thdnh dgt, hucmg thu, kich
thich ego han vd dinh hucmg tdi cdc gid tri truyin thong vd quyen luc thdp han mpt
each cd y nghia. Su khdc biit ndy thi hiin xu hudng bien doi dinh hudng gid tri ciia
nhihig ngudi tre tudi trong bdi canh hpi nhdp khu vuc vd qudc ti. Bdi viet ciing dua ra
nhirng so sdnh de thdy mpt sd diim khdc biit trong dinh hudng gid tri giUa nam vd nii.
lis khoa: Binh hudng gid tri; Thang do Gid tri PVQ-R.
Ngdy nhdn bdi; 14/1/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/3/2019.
1. Thang do Gia trj dieu chinh cita Schwartz
Trong mpt bai bao trutjc day, ehiing toi da gioi thieu ly thuyet ve cac gia
tti CO ban cua Schwartz (theory of basic human values) (xem them Truong Thi
Khanh Ha, 2015). Cae nhom gia tri ma Schwartz dua ra tuy khong moi, nhung
duoc nhiSu nguai ghi nhan khi tac gia sap xep cac gia tri vao mot he th6ng,
trong do cac gia trj nam ke nhau co moi quan he tuong tae, co the ho trcr nhau.
Nhimg gia tri nam each xa hay doi lap nhau thi eo moi quan he canh tranh lan
nhau. Mpt ngucri khong the dinh huong dong thoi toi tat ca cac gia tri manh me

nhu nhau. Vi du, neu ea nhan eo dinh huong gia tri truyen thong manh me, thi
khong thj d6ng thoi djnh hucmg manh me toi gia tri cai mo di thay doi. Chung
toi da su dung phien ban PVQ-IV (Profile Value Questionnaire IV) gom 40
menh de (item) etia Schwartz trong mpt so nghien ciiu, ket qua buoc dau cho

TAPCHiTAM Lf HOC, So 4 (241), 4 - 2019


thdy, thang do co do tin cay va cau tnie tot, eo the su dung tren khach the la
nguoi Viet Nam (Truong Thi Khanh Ha, 2015).
Gin day, dua tren cac ket qua nghien ciru thue tiln, Schwartz va cac
d6ng nghiep nhan thdy rjng, co th6 chinh sua PVQ di khao sat chinh xac hon
he gia trj da dang cila con nguoi a mpi nin van boa. Cac tac gia da tien hanh
cae nghien cuu di b6 sung, dieu chinh va cuoi eung tao ra thang do mdi, gP' '^
thang do Gia tri diiu chinh, bo sung PVQ-R (Profile Value Questionnaire Revised), g6m 57 item, do luang 19 gia tri (Schwartz va cac d6ng nghi?p,
2012). Phjn Ion cae gia tri dugc tach ra tu eae gia tri da duae dua ra truoc day.
Vi du: gia tri tu dinh hudng dugc tach ra thanh tu dinh huang trong suy nght
va tudinh hudng trong hdnh dpng; gia tri quyen luc - thanh quyen luc chi phoi
con ngudi va quyen luc chi phdi tien bgc, vdt chdt; gia tri an todn - thanh an
todn eia ed nhdn va an todn eua ddt nude; gia tri tudn thu - thanh tuan thi quy
tde va tudn thu lien cd nhdn. Co nhirng gia tri moi dupe dua vao, vi du, khiem
nhuang va the dien la nhung gia tri dupe eong nhan la ton tai pho bien a nhieu
quoc gia, dac biet ia a eac nen van hoa cpng dong (Schwartz va cac dong
nghiep, 2012). Chung toi xin trinh bay ngan gpn ve eae gia tri trong thang tfo
moi cua Schawrtz nhu sau:
Tir dinh hudng (self-direction) - Gia tri huang den tinh dpe lap, khong
hi chi phoi bai tae dpng ben ngoai, bao gom tu chii trong suy nghl va tu chii
trong hanh dpng.
Kich thich (stimulation) - Gia tri huang den mpt eupc s6ng duac trai
nghiem nhieu bat ngo, mot eupe song phong phii, duac lam nhiing diiu mai,

thieh nhitng cupc phieu luu.
Huang thu (hedonism) - Gia tri huong din sir thoa man cac nhu ciu, su
hai long va nhiing niem vui.
Thdnh^ dgt (achievement) Gia tri_huong din su thanh cong, dat ra
nhirhg mue tieu va theo duoi ehiing bang n6 luc ciia minh.
Quyen lue (power) - Gia tri hucmg toi kiim soat, chi ph6i nguoi khae kiim
soat tien bae, ciia cai vat chit, duy tri va bao ve uy thi di tao nen anvL hi,„
'
Muyen nan
cho ban than.
The dien (face) - Giii trj huong toi viee giii gin hinh anh ban than tront.
mat mpi nguoi xung quanh. Diiu quan trpng dfii vdi ca nhan la (Jir„
••
khae ton trpng, khong bj lam nhuc, beu xau.
• '^ " 2 " " '
An todn (security) - Gia tri hudng tdi su an toan, 6n dinh va trat tu -h~bao gom hai gia tri an toan ca nhan va an toan xa hpi.
' • ''^"9>.

TAP CHI TAM l y HOC, So' 4 (241), 4

2019


Sir tudn thu (conformity) - Gia tri hudng tdi viee tranh vi pham nhtmg
quy dinh chinh thiic hoac khong chinh thirc ciia xa hpi, bao gdm sy tuan thu
theo eac quy dinh ehung cua phap luat va sir tuan thii cac quy udc trong mdi
quan he lien ea nhan nhu Ijeh sir, nha nhan, tdn trpng ngudi khae.
Truyen thong (tradition) - Gia tri hudng tdi viee duy tri nhiing truyen
thdng van hda, truyen thdng tdn giao ciia nhdm, cdng ddng, dan tde.
Khiem nhuang (humility) - Gia tri hudng tdi su khiem tdn, khong doi hdi

minh phai dupe ban ngudi khae, biet thoa man vdi nhitng gi minh dang ed.
Long nhdn dl (benevolence) - Gia tri hudng tdi phue Ipi eiia nhimg ngudi
xung quanh va nhirng ngudi than thiet, bao gdm su dang tin va cd the nhd cay
va sir quan tam giup dd ngudi khae.
Tinh pho qudt (universalism) - Gia tri hudng tdi mong mudn binh dang,
cdng bang xa hdi, bao ve mdi trudng thien nhien, khoan dung, rpng luang, biet
lang nghe.

Hinh 1: 19 gid tri theo ly thuyit bo sung cua Schwartz
19 gia tri nay ed quan he tham nhap lin nhau, mdi gia trj tuang quan
thuan vdi gia trj liin ke va tuong quan nghjeh vdi gia tri ddi dien trong vdng
trdn (hinh 1). Co sd ly luan etia viec sip xip cac gia trj theo thit tir la: vdi eiing
TAP CHITAM Lf HOC, Sd4 (241), 4-2019


mdt hanh ddng, con ngudi cd thi dl dang theo dudi eac gia trj lien ke wng
vdng trdn, trong khi khdng thi ddng thdi theo duo. cac gia tri nam doi .
nhau trong vdng trdn (Schwartz, 1992).
Cac tac gia da sip xip 19 gia trj thanh 4 nhdm: t^ "ang cao 0|e^enhancement) ddi dien vdi tir sieu viet (self-transcendence: ^™g 7' ^ ^ f dig„
cdng bing, nhan ai, bao ve thien nhien) va bao toan (conservat^m) do. .
vdi edi md di thay ddi (openness to change)^ r«- nang cao b.o gom eac g
quyin luc, thdnh dgt va hudng thu. trong khi tu sieu viet bao g o " cac g
Vng nhdn di va gid tri phd qiidi Bdo todn bao gom eae g.a tr, /™J^^« f ^^^
ding mue va an todn, trong khi cai md de thay dot bao gom cac gia tr.
thieh va tu dinh hudng.
Trong nghien ciiu nay, chung tdi se sii dimg thang do Gia tri dieu ehinh
PVO-R nhim (1) tim hiiu kha nang sir dung thang do phien ban tieng Viet,
(2) tim hiiu su thay ddi djnh hudng gia tri eua cae khach the Viet Natn so vcri
met nghien ciiu tuong tu ma chiing tdi dii tien hanh nam 2015 vai thang do
PVQ-IV (Truong Thj Khanh Ha, 2015).

2. Cong cu nghien ciru
Thang do Gia trj PVQ-R ed 57 item, md ta ngin gpn mue tieu, khat vpng
hay mong mudn eiia con ngudi, thong qua dd, ngam am chi tam quan trpng eiia
mpt trong 19 gia tri co ban. Mdi gia tri dupe danh gia bdi 3 item. Ngudi^tra Idi
bang hdi duge yeu ciu danh gia xem hp gidiig hay khdng gidng vdi moi chan
dung dupe md ta bdi eac item tdi mirc nao. LTng vdi moi item ed 6 phuong an
lira chpn: 1 = Khdng gidng tdi chiit nao, 2 = Khdng gidng tdi, 3 = It gidng toi,
4 = Kha gidng tdi, 5 = Gidng tdi va 6 = Rit gidng tdi. Ngudi tham gia khao sat
danh diu X vao d trdng ben phai tuang ung phuong an phii hop iihit vdi minh.
Khi ngudi tra loi la nam thi nhirng dai til trong bang hdi la "Anh iy", khi ngudi
tra loi la nit thi nhitng dai tir trong bang khao sat dupe thay bang "Cd ay". Bang
khao sat da dugc tac gia chuyen ngii, tuan thii cac quy dinh dich nguac va dupe
tac gia Schwartz hieu dinh. Trong bang hdi cdn cd cac ciiu hdi nham thu thap
thdng tin ca nhan cua ngudi tra Idi nhu gidi tinh, tudi, nghe nghiep (nganh hpe).
Bdng 1: So thir tu cdc item do ludng tirng gid tri trong bdng khdo sdt PVQ-R
Tir chil trong .fuy nghi: item 1, 23.39

Truyen thong: item 1 8, 33, 40

Tir chil trong hanh dgng: item 16, 30, 56

Su tudn Ihii quy lac: item 15,31. 42

Kich thich- item 10, 28, 43
Huang liiu: item 3, 36, 46

Su tudn thu lien cd nhdn: item 4. 22 51
\ Khiem nhirdng: item 7, 38, 54

TAP CHl TAM LY HOC, Sd 4 (241), 4 _ 2019

Thanh dgt: item 17, 32, 48

£)d«^ tin cay: item 19, 27, 55

Quyen luc chi phoi con nguai: item 6, 29, 41

Quan tdm, chdm soc: item 11, 25, 47

Quyen luc chi phoi nguon luc: item 12, 20, 44

Binh ddng, cong bdng: item 5, 37, 52

Thi dien: item 9, 24,49

Bdo ve moi tnr&ng: item 8, 21, 45

y4n ZOOM cd nhdn: item 13, 26, 53

Pho qudt - khoan dung, item 14, 34, 57

An toan xa hgi: item 2, 35, 50
Ghi chii: Trong bdng la 19 gid tri vd so thir tu cdc item do luang limg gid tri trong hdng khdo
sdt. Moi gid tri dugc do hdng 3 item.

3. Khach the nghien ciiu
Khach thi nghien cilu la sinh vien ehinh quy, sinh vien tai chirc cua
Trudng IDai hpc Khoa bpc Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpe Tu nhien, Dai hpe
Cdng nghe (thudc Dai hpc Qude gia Ha Npi), Dai hpe Bach khoa Ha Npi, Dai

hpc Xay dirng, Dai hpe Kinh te, Hpe vien Canh sat nhan dan va nhiing ngudi
dang di lam cac cdng viec khae nhau nhu ke toan, bae sT, ky su, giao vien,...
Sau khi xin phep cac giang vien, nhdm nghien eiru tien hanh khao sat
sinh vien vao gid ra chai tren Idp hpe. Doi vdi nhiing ngudi dang di lam, bang
hdi dupe chuyen den hp thdng qua eac mdi quan he ban be cua cae euu sinh
vidn. Cae bang hdi deu khuyit danh, ngudi tham gia tra loi dugc thdng tin ve
mue tieu nghidn eiiu va ed the tit choi neu khdng mudn tham gia khao sat. Sd
luang bang hdi phat ra la 1.700 phieu, thu lai dupe 1.551 phieu. Sau khi loai bd
nhiing phieu khdng hop le, ehiing tdi thu dupe dii lieu eua 1.513 ngudi tir 17 den
40 tudi, tudi trung binh DTB = 21,5; DLC = 3,8, trong dd ed 774 nam va 739 nil.
4. Ket qua nghien ctiu
Sir dung phep phan tich he thdng da phiiu (MDS - multidiraentional
sealing) dua tren ly thuyit etia Bilsky va dong nghiep (2011), chiing tdi thu
duac ket qua nhu sau:
Tren hinh 2 hiin thi vj tri cua eae item trong phan tieh he thdng da
ehiiu. Kit qua eho thiy 19 gid tri tdn tai kha rieng biet va cac item phan Idn
thugc vi dung gia tri ma ehung dupe thiit ki. So vol thu ttr cac gia trj tren hinh
1, eac gia tri tren hinh 2 eung duac phan djnh va xip theo thii: tu tuang tu nhu
md hinh ly thuyit ciia Schwartz va cac ddng nghiep (2012) dua ra. Ben canh
dd, cQng cd mot sd diim khae biet, vi du: gia trj nhan ai va gia trj phd quat ddi
thir tu eho nhau; gia tri quyin kiem soat eon ngudi va quyin kiim soat ngudn
lire eung ddi ehd cho nhau. Mdt item thudc gia tri khoan dung lai nim sang
phin ciia gia trj quan tam, cham sdc. Mot item thudc gia tri tuan thu lai nam
TAP CHi TAM ly HOC, Sd 4 (241), 4 - 2019

7


sang phin cua gia tri truyin thdng. Tuy nhien, cac gia tri eo sV hoan do ^
la nhLg gia tri liin ki, rit gin gui nhau theo ly thuyet ™a Sehw'irtz^N ,

Chung, edihi ndi ring, ciu tnie 19 gia trj theo Iy thuyet cua Schwartz dug
nhan tuong ddi tdt tren nhdm khach the Viet Nam.

pod2

Ghi chii Ten viit lai ciia cdc gia tri- sdt = tu chu trong suy nghi; sda = tu chu trong hdnh
dong, sl = kich thich, he = huang thu; ac = Ihanh dgt; por = quyen kiem soat nguon luc;
pod = quyen kiem soat con ngudi; fac = the dien; Sep = an loan cd nhdn; ses = an todn xd
hoi; Ir = truyen thong; cor = luan ihil quy lac, coi = ludn thu lien cd nhdn, hu = khiem
nhudng; unn = bao ve moi trudng thien nhien, unc = binh ddng, cong bdng: iinl = khoan
dung: bee = quan ldm, cham soc; bed = dugc lin cay.

IFinh 2: Kit qud phdn tich he thong da chieu
(theo Bilsky vd ede dong nghiep, 2011)
Tiep theo, chiing tdi tinh dp tin cay etia thang do va cac tiiu thang do
Ket qua cho thay, he sd tin cay Alpha cua Cronbaeh eiia loan thang do la 0 91
He sd tuong quan ciia mdi item vdi toan bp thang do (corrected item-total
correlation) d miic chip nhan dugc, biin thien tit 0,26 din 0,51. Do tin cly rf.
TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, So 4 (241), 4 , 2Q.


cac tieu thang do cua timg gia tri dao ddng trong khoang tit 0,514 din 0,806.
Cac tiiu thang do cd dp tin eay nhd ban 0,6 la cac tiiu thang do do cae gia tri:
tu dinh hudng trong suy nght (a = 0,514), su khiem nhudng (a = 0,522), nhan
ai, dang tin cay (a = 0,534). Diiu nay ggi y cae nha nghien eiiu nen xem xet lai
cac menh de do ludng eac gia trj nay de ed nhiing diiu chinh ein thiit. Trong
nghien eiiu nay, ehiing tdi chua thirc bien dupe viee diiu chinh dd.
Danh gia ehurig, mac du dp tin eay ciia mdt vai tiiu thang do cdn chua
eao, phin Idn cac tiiu thang do cdn lai cd dp tin eay kha tdt, cd thi sit dung
thang do trong cae nghien eiiu tiep theo tren cae khach thi Viet Nam.

Sau khi xem xet cau true va dp tin eSy cua thang do, ehiing tdi tinh diim
trung binh eua tirng gii tri va xep theo thir tu uu tien tit eao xudng thip, kit
qua thu dugc nhu sau:
Bdng 2: Diem trung binh cua cdc gid tri xep tii- cao xuong thdp (N = 1.513)
Cac gia tri

DTB

DLC

Chenh lech so vol
trung binh thang do

1. Nhan ai, quan tam

4,87

0,76

0,69

2. An toan ca nhan

4,64

0,83

0,46

3. Binh dang, cong bang

4,63

0,91

0,45

4. An toan x3 hoi

4,54

1,02

0,36

5. Hirt5mgthL

4,53

0,85

0,35

6. Tir chij trong hanh dong

4,50

0,82

0,32

7. Nhan ai, dang tin cay

4,43

0,82

0,25

8. Thanh dat

4,43

0,85

0,25

9 TIT chii trong suy nght

4,33

0,76

0,15

10. The dien

4,32

0,91

0,14

11. Tuan thu lien ca nhan

4,18

0,98

0,0

12. Bao ve thien nhien

3,99

1,00

-0,19

13. Khoan dung

3,98

0,88

-0,20

14. Khiem nhuang

3,93

0,84

-0,25

15. Kich thich

3,91

0,92

-0,27

16. Truyen thong

3,81

0,95

-0,37

17. Tuan thu quy tac

3,69

1,04

-0,47

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 4 (241), 4 - 2019

1,08

I, Kiem soat nguon lire

-0,48

19. Kiem soat con ngircii
Trung binh tfaang do

Nhin vao bang 2, chung ta thfiy cac gia trj dugc hudng tdi manh me nhat
la Nhan ai - quan tam; An toan ca nhan; Binh dang, edng bang; An toan xa hpi,
Hudng thii; Tu chii trong hanh dpng; Nhan ai - dang tin cay; Thanh dat; if cnu
trong suy nghT; The dien.
So sanh vdi kit qua nghien ciru nam 2015, sii dung thang do PVQ-IV
gdm 40 item (Trugng Thi Khanh Ha, 2015), kit qua trong nghien cilu nay cho
thiy cd nhirng thay ddi thir tu uu tien trong djnh hudng gia tri.
Bdng 2: Biim trung binh cdc gid tri trong nghien cuu ndm 2015 (N = 1.565)
Thir tu uu tien cac gia tri

DTB

DLC

Chenh lech so voi
trung binh thang do

1. An toan

4,48

0,54

0,49

2. Truyen thong

4,27

0,56

0,28

3. Diing mue

4,26

0,63

0,27

4. Nhan ai

4,25

0,53

0,26

5. Gia tri toan cau

4,21

0,49

0,22

6. Tu djnh hucmg

3,98

0,49

-0,01

7. Thanh dat

3,72

0,63

-0,27

8. Huang thu

3,52

0,81

-0,47

9 Quyen luc

3,29

0,81

-0,70

10. Kich thich

3,26

0,79

-0,73

3,99

0.62

Trung binh thang do

Diem gidng nhau giiia kit qua nghien ciiu nam 2015 va 2018 la eiSc gia
tn.nhdn di va an todn van la nhirng gia tri duge uu tien cao nhit. Trong khi dd
gia tri truyen thong vdn dugc xip thii hai trong nghien citu nam 2015 nav
khdng cdn la gia tri dugc uu tien hang diu. Ngugc lai, cac gia tri tir dinh hud ?
va hudng thu vdn khdng phai la cac gia tri dugc uu tien hang diu trong n e b "
ciiu nam 2015, nay da trd thanh mgt trong nhOng gia tri manh me nhit T '™

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 4 (241), 4 . ^Q


nghien ciru nam 2015, gia trj kich thich diing d vj tri cuoi cimg. Trong nghien
eiiu nay, gia trj kieh thich dupe uu tien xep thu bac eao hon.
So sdnh theo giai tinh
Khi so sanh diem trung binh djnh hudng gia tri giQa nam va nQ, chung
tdi nhan thay, nhin ehung ea hai gidi diu ed nhung xu hudng gia trj tuang
ddng, chi ed mdt sd gia trj cd su khae biet ed y nghTa thdng ke giQa hai gidi
tinh (bang 3).
Bdng 3: Diem trung binh mpt so gid tri cd su khdc nhau
giiia nam vd nU (N = 1.513)
Cac gia tri

Nam (n = 774)

Nir(n = 739)

P

BTB

DLC

DTB

DLC

Huang thu

4,41

0,88

4,67

0,80

An toan ca nhan

4,59

0,89

4,69

0,78

0,023

An loan xa hoi

4,63

1,06

4,45

0,97

< 0,001

Su tuiin thu quy tac

3,78

1,04

3,59

1,03

< 0,001

Nhan ai, dang tin cay

4,37

0,87

4,48

0,78

0,011

< 0,001

Ket qua d bang 3 eho thay nu ed djnh hudng hudng thu, an todn cd nhdn,

nhdn di ddng tin cdy cao hon nam, trong khi nam ed djnh hudng an todn xd hpi
su tudn thu quy tac eao ban nQ. Ket qua nay eho thay nhung khae biet gidi tinh
kha thu vj trong xa hpi bien nay. Trong nghien eim niim 2015, khdng cd sir khae
biet giua nam va nQ trong dinh hudng gia tri hudng thu. Trong nghien ciru nay,
phii nu cham lo cho ea nhan nhieu ban va ed xu hudng hudng thu cao ban so
vdi nam gidi; phu nii xay dung eac mdi quan he dua tren tinh cam va sir tin eay
nhiiu hem nam. Kit qua nay rit dang duge luu tam trong nghien ctiu ilng xil xa
hdi, chien luge kinh doanh, eQng nhu thj hieu eiia phu nQ.
5. Ket luan
Kit qua nghien eiru eho thiy, thang do gia tri PVQ-R (Profile Value
Questionnaire - Revised) 57 item etia Schwartz cd ciu true 19 gia tri dugc xac
nhan tuong ddi tdt tren nhdm khach thi Viet Nam. Thang do ed dp tin cay tdt,
phin Idn cac tiiu thang do ed dp tin eay Alpha cua Cronbaeh Idn hon 0,6.
Cac gia trj dugc hudng tdi manh me nhit la Nhan ai; An toan ca nhan;
An toan xa hdi; Binh ding, eong bing; thi hien mong mudn manh me eua nhiing

TAP CHITAM LY HOC, Sd4 (241), 4 - 2019


ngudi tre tudi ndi rieng, ngudi Viet Nam ndi chung vi nipt xa hdj binh danfe
cLg bing, nhan ai, an loan. Nhung gia tri Huang thu; Ttr ohu, Thanh da
nhung gia tri dugc djnh hudng manh me tiep theo.
NQ gidi cd djnh hudng hudng thu, an toan ea nhan, nhan ai .^ao h^i nain
gidi, trong khi nam gidi cd djnh hudng an loan xa hpi. sir toan thu quy tac
hem nil gioi.
So sanh vdi kit qua nghien cdu dinh hudng gia trj naiii 2015 ^ ^ ™™g
tdi, kit qua nghien ciiu lin nay eho thay cd sir chuyen bien nhat dinh trong d.n
hudng gia tri ciia khach thi Viet Nam. Ben canh viec Hep tue de eao cac gia tr,
an toan nhan ai, cac khach thi Viet Nam cd xu hudng de eao hon g.a tr. tv mnn
hudng chu ddng trong hanh ddng va suy nghl, de cao hon gia tri huang thu, gia

tri kich thich, kham pha trai nghiem va ed xu hudng giam dmh huong tm eae gm
tri tniyin thdng va gia tri quyin luc. Su bien ddi nay eho thay, eon nguai Viet
Nam trong xa hdi hien dai dang din trd nen tu chii, tit quyet dmh, huang thu va
cd nhOng trai nghiem mdi manh me hon tnrdc kia. Theo ly thuyet ciia Schwartz,
eon ngudi khdng thi ciing luc hudng tdi hai nhdm gia tri ddi lap nhau tren hinh
trdn gia tri. Vi vay, khi djnh hudng gia trj cua con ngudi nghieng ve phia tu dinh
hudng, tu quyit dinh manh me ban thi djnh hudng gia trj truyen thdng se giam
xudng. Kit qua nghien eiiu cung khang djnh xu hudng nay.
Tuy nhien, diim ban ehi cua nghien eiru nay la khach the iighien eitu la
nhung ngudi tre tudi tu 17 din 40 tudi, do dd, viec so sanh vdi kit qua nghien
ciru trudc dd chi mang tinh tuong ddi, vi nghien ciru nam 2015 dupe tien hanh
tren nhdm khach the Idn tudi hon, tu 36 den 65 tudi.

Tai lieu tham khao
1. Bilsky W., Janik M. & Schwartz S.H. (2011). The structural organization of Human
values: Evidence from three rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS). Joumal of
Cross-Cultural Psychology. 42, 759 - 776. Doi: 10.1177/0022022110362757.
2. Schwartz S.H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory
and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.). Advances in experimental
social psychology. Vol. 25. P. 1 - 65. New York. NY: Academic Press.
3. Schwartz S H., Cieciuch J., Vecchione M., Davidov E., Fischer R., Beierlein C &
Konty M. (2012). Refining Ihe theory of basic individual values. Joumal of Personalitv
and Social Psychology. 103. 663 - 688. Doi: 10.1037/a0029393.
4. Trucmg Thi Khanh Ha (2015). We gia tri cua ngudi truang Ihanh Viet Wom il, i •
thuyel ciia Schrarlz. Tap chi Khoa hgc Xa hoi va Nhan van. Tap 1. S6 2. Tr. (] 4 T-,/

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, So' 4 (241), 4 , 20IQ