Tự đánh giá cảm xúc của học sinh trung học cơ sở

TU OANH GIA CAM XUC
CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC CO SO
Nguygn Thi Anh Thu
Khoa Tdm ly hoc, Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Yd hdi vd Nhdn vdn, Dgi hoc Qude gia
HdNdi.

•

T6M

TAT

Kit qud nghien ciru tren 609 khdeh the, trong dd 593 khdeh the trd ldi bdng hdi
Id hpe sinh trudng: THCS T.K (Ddng Da, Hd Npi) vd trudng THCS X. P. (My Diic, Hd
Npi) vd 16 khdeh thi (8 phu huynh vd 8 hpc sinh) trd ldi phdng vdn sdu cho thdy, hpc
sinh tu ddnh gid cdm xiic d khia cgnh tieu cue ego han khia cgnh lich cue. KM xem xet
thuc trgng mirc dp tu ddnh gid cdm xuc cua hpc sinh tnmg hpc ca sd theo cdc bien sd
khde nhau, tdc gid lim thdy sir tuang ddng trong lu ddnh gid cdm xiic d cdc bien kit
qud hpc Igp, ldp hpc vd mdi trudng hpc dudng vd su khde biet ed y nghTa thong ke d
cdc bien gidi tinh, kieu ngudi hudng npi - hudng ngogi. Nghien cdu cUng ehi ra rdng,
su quan tdm ciia cha mf cSng nhu thdi gian hdng ngdy cha mf ddnh cho con cd dnh
hudng khong nhd den tu ddnh gid cdm xuc eiia cdc em.
Tir kh6a: Tu ddnh gid; Cdm xuc; Tu ddnh gid cdm xuc; Hpc sinh Irung hpc
casd.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 19/9/2016; Ngdy duyel dang bdi: 25/10/2016.
1. Dit van de
Ty dinh gii (Self-esteem) duoc nghidn ciiru tir rat sdm v i ngiy cing nhin
dupe sy quan tam ciia cic nhi tam ly hpc trdn khip thd gidi. Dudi gdc dp ciu
ttiic ciia ty dinh gii, cic tic gii d i dua ra hai hudng tidp can khic nhau: mpt la
don tuydn, hai li da mydn.
Theo hudng tiep can don tuydn, cic tic gii Ccxipersmith (1967); Rosenberg

(1965, 1979) xem xdt lu dinh gii chi bao gdm mdt ydu td tdng tiid. Rosenberg cho
ring, tu dinh gii la "m^t tiiii dp tich eye hay tidu eye ddi vdi mdt ddi tupng cy tiid,
cy tiid la chinh minh" (din ttieo Christopher J. Mruk, 2006, tt. 109).
Theo hu<5mg tidp cin da tuydn, cic nhi nghidn cuu nhu S. Harter (1982,1986,
1994), Shavelson vi cpng sy (1976), L'Ecuyer (1978, 1990, 1997), Oubrayrie, de
Ldonardis v i Safont (1994), Branot (2007)... d i chimg minh tinh chit da chidu
cua ty dinh gii trdn co sd phin tich cic yeu Id dpc lap. Theo hui5mg tiep c§n niy,
cic tic gia quan nidm ty dinh gii cua mdi ci nhan dupe xem xdt ttong cic ITnh
vyc khic nhau. Susan Harter (1986) cho ring: "ty dinh gii li mpt tip hpp nhihig
TAP CHl TAM Ly HQC, S6 11 (212), 11 - 2016

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sy thda man vd bin than trong cic ITnh vyc khic nhau xay dyng ndn mpt hinh
inh ciia chinh chu tiid" (dan theo Emeline Bardou, Nathalie Oubra>Tie - Roussel,
2014, tt. 123). Nhdm tic gia Oubrayrie, de Leonardis vi Safont (1994) lai quan
nidm "tu dinh gii nhu li mdt sy dinh gii tong quit gia tti ciia bin tiiin vdi tu
cich li mdt con ngudi, ndi cich khic, la miic dp hai ldng vdi chinh minh. dinh
gii ban than bao him ca y nghTa lupng gii va cim xiie" (din tiieo Emeline
Bardou, Natfialie Oubrayrie - Roussel, 2014, tt. 99). Cic tic gia niy coi dinh gia ban
tiiin nhu mdt td hpp lupng gia ttong 5 ITnh vyc: tiid chit, cam xiie. hpc dudng,
xi hdi vi tiiong lai. Md hinh ty dinh gia cua Shavelson vi cpng sy (1976) nhin
nhin ty dinh gii dupe phin tiiinh hai nhinh chinh: tu dinh gii hin lim hay hpc
dudng vi ty dinh gii phi ban lim. Ty danh gii hin lam dupe chia nhd tiieo cac
mdn hpc d ttudng (ngoai ngur, lich siir, loin hpc, khoa hpc...). Ty danh gii phi
hin lam bao gdm cac ITnh vyc xa hdi, cim xiic vi tiid chat, ttong dd cii ldi tiid
chit cdn dupe phin thinh sy khdo leo vi ngoai hinh. Mdi ITnh vuc niy dupe
chuydn bidt hda vi moi nhinh ddu cd khi ning lie ddng ttd lai chii thd (dan tiieo
/Vngdiique Rambaud, 2009).

Chung tdi xem xdt ty dinh gii theo hudng da luyen, bao gdm nhidu ITnh
vyc danh gii (tiie chit, xi hpi, cim xdc, hpc dudng va tuomg lai). Trong bii vidt
niy, chiing tdi sd dd cap ddn ty dinh gii ciia hpc sinh d ITnh vyc cim xiic vi
phin tich mpt so ydu td anh hudng tdi sy ty danh gii cam xuc ciia hpc sinh
ttung hpc CO (THCS).
2. Khich thi vi phuxmg phap nghien ciiu
Nghidn cim dupe lien hinh trdn 609 khich the, trong do 593 khich thd
tti ldi bing hdi li hpc sinh thupe trudng THCS T.K. thupe quin Ddng Da (npi
tiiinh Hi Ndi) va trudng THCS X.P. thudc huy?n Mj? Diic (ngoai thinh Hi
Npi) vi 16 khich thd (8 phy huynh, 8 hpc sinh) dupe phdng vin sau. Mau khao
sit djnh lupng cd nhihig die diem nhu sau:
Bing 1: Dgc diem mdu khdeh the Ird l&l bdng hdi
Tieu chi

Giii tinh

Khoi lirp hpc

90

So lugrng

Ty If %

Nam

277

46,7

na

316

53,3

Lop 6

150

25,3

Lop 7

167

28,2

Lop 8

149

25,1

Lop 9

127

21,4

TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSdIl (212), 11 -2016


Tnr&rng hpc

Ket qui hoc tap

THCS X.P.

266

44.9

THCS T.K.

327

55,1

Gioi

314

53,0

Kha

213

35,9

Trung binh

59

9,9

Yeu/kem
Cha va me
Dang song ciing

' Thir tur con trong
gia dinh

I

7

1,2

543

91,6

Bd

10

1,7

Me

28

4,7

Ngudi khae

12

2.0

Con duy nhat

59

9.9

Con ca

254

42,8

Con thij

119

20,1

Con lit

161

27,2

Thang do ty dinh. gii ETES (Echelle Toulousaine d'Estime de Soi) Ii
thang do cua cac tie gia Phip Sorties - Ader vi ddng sy (1998). Thang do ban
dau do nim ITnh vyc ty dinh gii, gdm: cam xdc, thd chat, hpc dudng, xi hdi vi
tuong lai. Thang do niy da dupe mdt sd tie gia Viet Nam, nhu Vin Thj Kim Cue
(2003), Ding Hoing Minh (2006), Trinh Thj Linh (2009) vi nhdm tic gii Trin
Hflii Luydn, Tran Thi Minh Dire, Biii Thj Hdng Thii (2015) sir dyng vi thich
img ttdn ttd vj thinh nidn vi thanh nidn. Trong nghidn ciru niy, chung tdi siir
dung cd chpn Ipc thang do ETES dya vao nghidn ciiu mang xa hpi ciia nhdm tic
gii Tran Hiiu Luydn, Trin Thj Minh Diic vi Biii Thj Hdng Thii (2015). Theo
dd, tidu thang do tu dinh gii cim xiic gdm 11 mdnh de. Moi mdnh dd cd 4
phuong in tta ldi, iing vdi 4 miie didm nhu sau: 1- Hoin toin khdng tiling; 2Mpt chiil dung; 3- Phan Idn diing vi 4- Hoin toin diing. Cic du: lieu thu dupe tir
thang do niy li dii lieu ty bio cio, nghTa li dya ttdn sy dinh gii cua chinh bin
tiiin ttd. Sd lieu didu tra dupe xiit ly bing chuong ttinh SPSS phidn bin 20.0.
Tieutiiangdo ty dinh gia cim xuc cd dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach = 0,61.
Didm ining binh (DTB) cua tidutiiangdo = 2,79; dp lech chuin (DLC) = 0,45.
Cin cur vio diem ttung binh vi dp Idch chuin niy, chiing tdi phin chia
mirc dp tu dinh gii cam xuc nhu sau:

TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSdIl (212), 11 -2016

91


Bing 2: Quy u&c mirc dp DTB eiia tiiu thang do tif ddnh gid cam xiic

eda hgc sinh tnmg hgc co s&
Mirc xep hang DTR
Tv dinh gii
cam xuc

Muc thap

Mirc trung binh

Mirc cao

I - 2,33

2,34 - 3,24

3,25 - 4

3. Ket qua nghien cvu
3.1. Thuc trgng tir dinh gia cim xic cua hgc sinh trung hgc co s&
Bing 3: Tir ddnh gid cdm xdc eua hgc sinh THCS
Tir dinh gii cim xiic
Khia canh dch circ

DTB

DLC

2,64

0,55

1. Ngay ca khi em muon kh6c thi em van biSt each kim n6n.

2,88

1,02

2. Em khong cim thay sp khi phii lam mpt vifc kho.

2,75

1,01

3. Em biet lim mpi vifc trd nen hii hudc khi em bi chi trich.

2,01

1,05

4. Khi CO ngudi lim phi^n, em luon biet cich giit binh tinh.

2,74

1,01

5. Em li ngudi thuong nhin mpi thii theo hudng tich c^c.

2,83

0,93

Khia cgnh tieu cue

2,91

0,63

6. Em thudng xuyen ciu gian*.

2,92

0,91

7. Em thudng xuyen c&ng thing, birc b$i*.

2,94

0,98

8. Em thudng xuyen lo ling*.

2,82

0,99

9. Em dl ph$t y neu ngudi khic khong dong tinh vdi em*.

3,04

0,96

10. Em ludn cim thay buon*.

3,14

1,02

11. Em sp khi ngudi ta la ming em*.
Tons

2,61

1,07

2,79

0,45

GAii chu: NhOng mfnh de ddnh ddu ' da dupe ddi ngupe diem. DTB cdng cao thi tu ddnh gid
cdm xiic cdng tich cue.

Ty dinh gii cam xiic dupe ciu thinh tir nhihig dinh gii ciia hpc sinh
THCS vd ttang thai cam xiic cua bin thin. Dd li cich hpc sinh cim thiy cupc
sdng cua cic em ludn lich eye (vui vd, hanh phiic) hay lieu eye (budn phidn, lo
92

TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSdIl (212). 11 - 2016


ling, cing tiling, bye bdi). Ty dinh gii cim xuc thd hidn khi ning kidm soit

cim xuc nhu kim nen vide khde hay thd hidn nhirng cam xuc tidu eye. giii binh
ITnh lim cho mpi vide trd ndn don giin hay bay td sy phin ddi ihdng qua sy
bye bdi, sp hai khi bj ngudi khic lim phien, trach mde...
So lieu d bang 3 cho tiiiv. hoc sinh ty dinh gii cam xiic d khia canh tieu eye
(DTB = 2,9i; DLC = 0.63) cao hon khia canh tich eye (DTB = 2,64; DLC = 0,55).
Didu nay cd the dupe ly giai tir gdc dp die didm lim sinh ly lira tudi. 0 liia mdi
THCS, qui trinh hung phin chidm uu thd rd ret. Sy lie chd phin bidt bj kem di,
hung phin mang tinh chit lan tda hon (Vu Thj Nho, 2003). Do vay, nhidu khi
cac em khdng lim chu dupe cam xiic ciia minh. khdng kidm chd dupe nhiing
xiic ddng manh. Cae em dd bj kich ddng, dd bye tiifc, ciu kinh. mit binh tTnh,...
Chinh vi nhirng ly do niy khidn hpc sinh Ihudng ed cam xiic tidu eye nhidu hon.
d khia canh tidu eye, cac mdnh dd cd DTB cao nhu: "Em ludn cam thdy buon"
(DTB = 3,14), "Em diphgty niu ngirdi khde khong ddng tinh v&l em" (DTB = 3,04),
"Em thu&ng xuyin cdng thdng, buc bpi' (DTB = 2,94), "Em thu&ng xuyen cdu
gldn" (DTB = 2,92). Nhu viy, cd thd tha>. hpc sinh THCS thudng xuydn cd
nhiimg cim xiic lieu eye nhu: dd ndi giin, lo ling, bye bpi,... dupe thd hidn qua
cic y kidn phdng van sau nhu: "Em hay cdu gdt v&l cdc bgn khl hg ndi khdng
dungy eda em", "Em luon cdm thdy budn vd cd dam vi khdng al hieu minh, mgi
ngir&i cho rdng em lap df, "Em lo ldng vi viie hoc khdng dugc nhu cha mf
mong mudn, vi cdeh mgi ngu&i nhgn xet em"...
Bdn canh nhumg danh gii tidu eye vd cam xiic ciia bin thin, hpc sinh cung
cd nhirng trai nghidm tich eye d khia canh cam xiic. Cac mdnh dd cd DTB cao
nhu: "Ngay cd khi em mudn khde thi em vdn biit edeh kim nen" (DTB = 2,88), "Em
Id ngu&i thu&ng nhin mgi thu theo hu&ng tich cue" (DTB = 2.83). Mdt sd hpc
sinh chia se: "Mgi thir cita em deu dn, mgi viie diu cd huong gidi quyit nen em
chdng nghT tnr&c ldm gi cho mil" "Em rdt it khde tru&c mat ngu&i khde vi em
kiim chi dugc, niu khdng ede bgn se cu&i minh", "Kit qud hgc tap eda em ehi
dgt logi khd nhung em tin minh se ihdnh cdng vd ed ihi ldm duge mgi viie niu
nhu em cd gdng"
3.2. Mpt sd yeu td anh hu&ng din tu dinh gii cim xuc eua hgc sinh

trung hgc ea s&
Cic cdng trinh nghidn ciiu ve lu dinh gii cim xiic d i chi ra ring, ed
nhidu ydu td anh hudng ddn ty danh gii cim xiic ciia Ire. nhu: gidi linh, dp
tudi. trudng hpc. kdt qui hpc lip, sy quan lim/cich giio dye ciia cha me,...
Trong nghidn ciru nay nay, chiing tdi dd cap ddn mdt so ydu td anh hudng
dudi diy:

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Bin vd mdi quan he gitta gidi linh vi ty dinh gii cam xuc ciia tre vj
tiianh nidn, nhidu cdng ttinh nghidn ciiu tt^n thd gidi khing djnh ring, tv dinh
gii cim xuc ciia nhdm ddi tupng niy phy thupe mdt phin vio gidi tinh. Tuy
nhidn, d day cd nhumg kel qui ttii chidu. Mpt sd tic gii nhu Brutsaert (1990),
Kling va ddng sy (1999), Quatman vi Watson (2001)... cho ring, ty dinh gii
cim xiic cd sy khic bidt giita nam vi nu', cic em nam ed xu hudng ty dinh gii
cam xiic cao hon cic em nii. Mdt sd tic gii khic nhu Erol va Orth (2011) chi
ra gidi linh khdng tao sy khic bidt ttong ty dinh gii cim xiic cua ttd.
Trong nghidn ciiu ciia chiing tdi, kdt qui kidm djnh t-test cho thiy, sy
khic bidt cd y nghTa thdng kd (l(59i) = 4,244; p = 0,000) giiia hpc sinh nam vi hpc
sinh nfl' ve ty dinh gia cam xiic. Cic em nam (DTB = 2,87; DLC = 0,43) ty dinh
gii cim xiic tich cue hon cic em nflr (DTB = 2,72; DLC = 0,45). Ket qui nghidn
ciiru ciia chiing tdi ciing tuong ddng vdi nghidn ciiu cua tic gii Tran Hihi Luydn
vi cdng sy (2015) vd ty dinh gii cim xiic ciia sinh vidn. Didu niy cd thd lidn
quan ddn cich giio due cic em. Trong qui ttinh xi hdi hda, ttd em ttai ludn
dupe day do vd vide khdng dupe biy td cim xiic yeu dudi, sp hii, nhiit nhit vi
cin phii duomg diu vdi nhflmg khd khin. Theo Safont-Mottay (1997), nhihig bidu
tupng vd bin thin d nam gidi vi nii' gidi li rat khic nhau. Nam gidi chic chin vd

minh, tham vpng, lam chii dupe cim xiic vi m ^ md vd co the ttong khi nfl; gidi
it chic chin vd minh hon, hay lo ling vd vi?c phii tuin theo cic chuin myc xi hpi
vi khd kiem soit dupe cim xiic.
Nghidn ciiru cua chiing tdi cd xem xdt ddn bidn sd ldp hpc. Cau hdi nghidn
cim dil ra, li?u ring cd sy khic bidt vd ty dinh gii cam xiic cua hpc sinh theo
khdi Idp hpc hay khdng? Kdt qui kidm dinh Anova khdng cho thiy sy khic bi?t
cd y nghTa tiidng kd (f^jn) = 6,129; p > 0,05) v^ ly dinh gia cam xiic cua hpc
sinh ldp 6, ldp 7, Idp 8 vi ldp 9. Nhu viy, hpc sinh tii ldp 6 ddn Idp 9 cd ly dinh
gii nhu nhau vd cim xiic.
Xet theo ydu td ttudng hpc, kidm djnh t-test ciing khdng cho phdp chiing
tdi ghi nhin sy khic biet cd y nghTa thong kd gifta hpc sinh hai trudng THCS
T.K. va THCS X.P. vd ty dinh gii cim xiic (tfj,,) = 0,588; p > 0,05). Cd n^hTa
li, hpc sinh d hai tiirdng thinh tiij hay ndng thdn ddu cd sy tuomg d6ng vd ty
dinh gii cim xuc.
Nghidn cim cua Bills (1959), Carlton vi Mooi« (1966), Diller (1954) vi
Robinson, Kehle va Jenson (1986) cho tiiiy ring, tiiinh tich hpc l4p inh hudng ddn
miic dO ty dinh gii cim xiic ciia hpc sinh, kdt qui hpc t^p cao khien cho ty dinh
gii cam xiic cua tie cang cao. Ngupe lai, kdt qui hpc t^p tiiip ed xu hucSmg lim
giim miirc dp ty tin cua cic em (Centi, 1965;Gibby viGibby, I967)[14]. Tuy nhidn,
ttong pham vi nghien ciiru niy, chung ldi chi xem xdt ty dinh gii cim xiic, k^t qui

94

TAP CHl TAM Ly HQC S6 11 (212), 11 - 2016


phantichphuong sai Anova khdng cho phep ghi nhan sy khic bidt cd y nghTa tiidng
kd V d ty dinh gia cim xuc cua hpc sinh THCStiieokdt qua hpc tap (Fp. sfS9) = 1,330;
P>0,05).
Ci nhin cd tiid tiid hidn minh li kidu ngudi hudng ndi hay hudng ngo^.

Ngudi hudng ndi dupe md ti la ngudi kin dao, dd dil, il hda ddng. Hp Ihudng cd
xu hudng hii Idng vdi vide cd it ban bd. Nhimg ngudi hudng ndi thudng khdng
uu tidn cac boat ddng giao tidp xi hdi nhung khdng cd nghTa Ii hp lo ling hay
nhut nhit, mi don thuin Ii khdng ua cic boat ddng nay. Ngupe lai, ngudi hudng
ngoai Ii ngudi cd xu hudng thich giao luu, quydt doin lot vi thudng quan lam
ddn nhumg ydu Id giy phin khich nhu miu sic, im tiianh, su chuydn ddng. Nhihig
ngudi hudmg ngoai tiiuong dd gin vi quing giao, hp thudng Id ra thich thu vdi
xung quanh vi ludn lac quan, nhidt tmh [15]. Kdt qui kidm djnh t-test cho tiiay,
cd sy khic bidt cd y nghTa thdng kd vd ty dinh gii cam xiic cua hpc sinh THCS
khi so sinh theo 2 nhdm tinh cich Ii hudng ndi hay hudng ngoai (t(59i)= -3,068;
p < 0,01). Nhumg hpc sinh cho ring minh Ii ngudi hudng ngoai (DTB = 2,83;
DLC = 0,44) tu danh gii cim xuc cao (tich eye) hon nhiing hpc sinh cho rjuig
minh li ngudi hudng ndi (DTB = 2,71; DLC = 0,46). Thyc td quan sit cho thiy,
nhihig hpc sinh hudng ngoai thudng cdi md, de chia sd, nhin nhan tich cue vd
bin thin ndn cic em thudng cd xu hudng trii nghiem nhflmg cam xiic tich eye.
Cudi cimg, lir thyc Id quan sit, chiing ldi nhan thiy ly dinh gia cim xuc
ciia hpc sinh cd the bj chi phdi bdi sy quan tam ciia cha me. Kdt qua xic djnh
mdi tuong quan giua hai bien sd niy dupe the hidn ttong bing 4 dudi day:
Bing 4: Tucmg quan giiia lu ddnh gid cdm xdc vd su quan Idm ciia cha
me

Tif dinh gia
cim xiic

Hoat dong
thuorng ngay

Hoat dong
firtruorng

Doi song
tinh cam

He so tuong quan (r)

0,063

0,163"

0,251"

Miic y nghia (p)

0,128

0,000

0,000

Solupng

593

593

593

Ghi chu: DTB lu ddnh gid cdm xiic cUa hgc sinh ve su quan Idm ciia cha mf cdng cao cd
nghig Id hgc sinh ddnh gid cha me cdng quan tdm den cdc em.

Sd lieu tir bing 4 cho thiy, ty dinh gii cam xiic cua hpc sinh cd mdi
luong quan tiiuin vcii vide cic em dinh gii cha me quan tam ddn ddi song tinh
cim nhu quan tam ddn cim xiic/tam trang ciia con. sd thich cua con, quan tam khi
con cd chuydn vui, chuy^ budn (he sdttromgquan pearson r = 0,25; p < 0,001).

TAP CHl TAM Ly HC)C, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016

95


Mic dil, he sd mong quan kha thip nhung vin cho lha> cha me cang quan tam
ddn ddi sdng tinh cam ciia con thi tu dinh gii cam xiic ciia cac em cing tich cue.
Vide hpc sinh danh gii cha me quan tam den cic boat ddng d trudng
nhu: mpi vide xa\ ra d trudng, chuyen ban be, dua ddn con den trudng, quan
tam ddn cic boat ddng ngoai khda cua con cung tuomg quan tiiuin \ di ty dinh
gii cim xiic cua cic em (he sd nrong quan pearson r = 0,16; p < 0,001). Dieu
niy cd nghTa li cha me cing quan tim ddn hoat ddng d trudng cua con thi ty
dinh gii cim xiic ciia con cing cao.
Tuy nhidn. vide cic em danh gii cha me quan lam ddn cic boat dpng
thudng ngiy nhu: chuyen in udng, vd sinh, diu tdc, ttang phyc, hanh vi, cur chi
vi ldi ndi lai khdng ed mdi tuong quan vdi ly dinh gii cam xiic (p > 0,05).
Ben canh dd, chiing ldi ciing tim hidu mdi quan he giua ty dinh gii cim
xuc vdi tiidi gian cha me dinh cho con thdng qua y kidn ciia hpc sinh. Kdt gui
phin tich bing ehdo Crosslabs (bing 5) cho thiy, mdi lidn he cd y nghTa thdng
kd gifta didm ttung binh ty danh gii cim xuc va thdi gian cha me dinh cho con
(X^(6)= 16,946; p < 0,05). Cytiid,d muc dp ty danh gii cim xiic "cao", hpc sinh
dinh gii cha me cang danh nhidu thdi gian cho con thi ly danh gii cam xdc ciia
cic em cing tich eye.
Bang 5: Mdi quan hi giira tu ddnh gid cam xiic
vd th&i gian cha mf ddnh cho con

Mirc dp tu dinh
gii cam xiic

Thoi gian trung binh moi ngiy cha mf danh cho con (%)

T6ng

1 gior

2Bi6r

3gicr

4 gio trir len

Thap

22,5

8,9

13,0

10,9

13,7

Trung binh

67,7

74,3

68,2

68,8

69,3

Cao

9,8

16,8

18,8

20,3

17,0

100,0

100,0

100,0

100,0

100,0

Tong

4. Ket luin
Ket c^ua nghien ciru cho thiy, hpc sinh ty danh gii cim xiie d khia c^inh
tidu eye nhidu hom. Nghidn ciru niy ciia chiing tdi khdng cho thiy sy khic bi?t
cd y nghTa thdn^ kd vd ty dinh gii cam xiic ciia hpc sinh theo cac bidn sd ket
qui hpc tip. khdi ldp hpc vi trudng hpc. Nhung ly danh gii cim xuc ciia hpc
sinh I^i cd su khic bidt cd y nghTatiidngkd theo gidi linh (nam ly dinh gii cim

96

TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSdIl (212). 11 -2016


xdc uch eye hon nft), kidu ngudi hudng ndi - hudng ngoai (hpc sinh la ngudi
hudng ngoai ly dinh gii cam xuc tich eye hon hpc sinh li ngudi hucing ndi).
Ket qua nghidn cim cung chi ra mdi nromg quan tiiuin gifta tu danh gii
cim xiic vi vide cha me quan tam ddn ddi sdng tinh cim cua con, ddn ho^l
ddng d trudng ciia con, ddn thdi gian cha me danh cho con mdi ngay. Vdi kdt
qui niy, cd thd thiy hpc sinh THCS cin dupe quan tim tir phia cha me dd cac
em cd ly dinh gia cim xiic tich eye hem.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Van Thi Kim Ciic (Chii bien), Nhiing tdn thuong Idm ly cua thiiu nien do bd me ly
hdn, NXB Khoa hpc xa hpi, 2003.
2. Tran Hihi Luyen, Tran Thi Minh Diic, Bid Thi Hong Thai, Mgng xd hpi vdi sinh vien,
NXB Dji hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, 2015.
3. Vu Thi Nho, Tdm ly hpc phdt triin, NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, 2003.
4. Angdiique Rambaud, Les effets des dispositifs pedagogiques sur I 'estime de soi et la
maitrise de la lecture des eleves de CP et de CEl: suivi longitudinal. These, Universitd

de Nante, 2009.
5. Bmtsaert H., Changing sources of self-esteem among girls and boys in secondary
schools. Urban Education, 24. No. 4, pp. 432 - 436, 1990.
6. Christopher J. Mruk, PhD, Self-esteem Research TfKory and Practice, Publisher: Springer
Publishing Company, 3 Edition, May 9, 2006.
7. Emeline Bardou, Nathalie Oubrayrie - Rorssel, Estime de soi. Edition in Press, 2014.
8. Harter S., Comprendre I'estime de soi de I'enfant et de I'adolescent: Consideration
historiques. theoriques et methodologique. In Bolognini M. Preteur Y. (Dirs), Estime se
soi. Perspectives developpementales, pp. 57 - 81, Lausanne, Delachaux et Niestle, 1998.
9. Kling K.C., Hyde J.S.. Showers C.J., Bruswell B.N., Gender differences in self-esteem:
A meia-gnalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 1999.
10. Trinh Thj Linh, Pratiques educatrves parentales, estime de soi et mobilizalion seolaire
de I'adolescent vietnamien: La dynamique de la representation par I'adolescent de
I 'accompagnement seolaire parental. These de doctoral de Psychologie, Universitd Toulouse
11. 2009.
11. Dang Hoang Minh, Orientation de soi chez adolescents vietngmmiens souffrant
d'une maladie chronique: La dynamique entre I'estime de soi et la representation de
sa proper mgladie. These de doctoral de Psychologie Nouveauregime.Universite Toulouse
11. 2006.
12. Quatman T.. Watson CM., Gender differences in adolescent self-esleem: An exploration
of domains, Joumal of Genetic Psychology. 162, No. 1, 2001.
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13. Sotdes - Ader F.. Leveque G.. Oubieyrie N. & Salbnt - Mottay C. Presentation de
^chelle Toulousaine d'Estime de Soi: I ETES, In M. Bolognini & ^ . Preteur (Eds). Estime
• io;,Paspectivesdeveloppementales.pp. 167- 182.DelachauxclMcsUc: Lausanne. 1998.
14. http:"\™-w.tqm.com.my/\veb,05_bookArticle_l l.hlml. Truy c^p ngay 25 3 2016.

15. hnps://vi.wkipedia.org/hudng npi va hudng ngoai. Tray cap ngay 12/11 '201.-1.

98

TAP CHl TAM Ly HQC, Sd 11 (212), 11 2016