Gắn kết cảm xúc của người lao động với doanh nghiệp thực trạng và ảnh hưởng của nhận thức về sự hỗ trợ từ doanh nghiệp

GAN KET XUC CAM CUA
NGUOI LAO O O N G VOI DOANH NGHIEP:
THUC TRANG VA ANH HUONG
CUA NHAN THQC VE SU H 6 TRO
TU DOANH NGHIEP
Nghien aiu nay duoc tai tro bed Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi trong de tai: Sir gan ket eda ngudi
lao dong vdi doanh nghiepi Ma sd Q(3.15.45, PGS.TS. Le Thi Minh Loan lam chu tri.
PGS.TS. L6 Thi Minh Loan
NguySn Thi Ganh

Khoa Tdm ly hpc, Trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc Xd hpi vd Nhdn vdn, Dgi hoc Qudc gia
HdNpi.
TOM TAT
Bdi viit lim hiiu muc dp gdn kit xiic cdm cua ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghiep
tren ca sd khdo sdi 541 ngudi lao dpng Igi 5 logi hinh doanh nghiip. Kel qud nghien cim
cho ihdy, ty le ngudi lao dpng cd nhOng cdm xuc tich circ khi Idm viec tgi doanh nghiip
nhu: cdm thdy hgnh phiic. coi doanh nghiep nhu ngdi nhd thu hai tin rdng doanh nghiip
xdng ddng vdi su irung thdnh ciia hp... khong nhieu. Thuc trgng ndy cd lien he chgl che
vdi nhdn ihirc cug ngirdi Igo dpng vi su hd trp lir doanh nghiep. So Hiu khdo sdt cho
Ihdy. cd mdi luang quan thugn giirg nhdn thde ciig ngudi Igo dpng ve sir hd trp lir doanh
nghiep vd gdn kit xuc cdm. trong do nhgn thiic ve chinh sdeh bdo Mem vd phiic lpi cua
doanh nghiep cd dnh hudng mgnh nhdl den gdn kit xuc cdm.
Tir kh6a: Gdn kit xuc cdm: Nhgn ihirc ve su hd trg lir doanh nghiep; Ngudi
lao dpng.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 19/9/2016; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi: 25/10/2016.
1. D i t van de
Tao dyng dpi ngii ngudi lao dpng cdng hien het minh va trung thinh vdi
doanh nghiep ludn li diiu trin trd ciia cic nhi quin ly ttong boat ddng quin ly
ngudn nhin lyc, die biet ttong bdi canh canh tranh gay gat giua cic doanh nghiep
ve ngudn nhan lyc chat lupng cao hien nay. Mdt chi sd quan ttpng tao nen sy
cdng hiin v i su ttung thanh eiia ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep chinh li gin ket

xiic cam - mpt diinh phin ciia gin ket doanh nghiep.

TAPCHlTAMLVHOCSdll (212), 11-2016

31


Khai niem gin kel xuc cam vdi doanh nghiep duoc hieu nhu sy gin bd
V i cim xiic ciia nguoi lao ddng v di doanh nghiep (Hackelt el. al., 1994), trang
thii ring budc cam xiic cua ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep (Allen vi Meyer,
1990). Ngudi lao ddng gin ket xiic cim vdi doanh nghiep v i hp mudii nhu vay
chii khdng phai hp bit budc phai nhu va}, (Allen va Meyer. 1990). Dieu nav cd
nghia ring, hp lim v iec hoan loan do cam xiic thyc, y nguv en, mong mudn ciia
ban than dupe cdng hiin sue luc cho sy phit trien, Idn manh ciia doanh nghiep.
Gin kit xiic cam cd vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi doanh nghiep. Nghien ciiu
ciia Meyer va Allen (1997) cho thay, nhirng ngudi lao ddng gin ket xiic cam
manh vdi doanh nghiep cd mong mudn ddng gdp vao sy thanh cdng ciia doanh
nghiep Idn hom so vdi nhimg ngudi gin kel xiic cam thap. Gin kel xiic cam co
luong quan nghjch vdi dy djnh chuyen noi lam viec, cd tuong quan manh me
vdi nhirng hinh vi lien quan den cdng viec, vi du, sy tham gia. thyc hien vai
trd. hinh vi id chiic. Do nhiing tic ddng manh me ciia gan ket xiic cam den thai
dp lim viec ciia ngudi lao ddng nen kha nhieu nghien ciru da tap trung phan
tich cic yeu td anh hudng den gin ket xiic cam ciia ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh
nghiep. Va mdt trong cac yeu td dd la nhan thirc cua ngudi lao dpng ve sy h6
trp lir doanh nghiep.
Rd ring, kel qua thyc hien cdng viec ciia ca nhan bj anh hudng bdi nhan
diirc ciia hp ve chinh sich nhan sy ip dyng tren thyc te ma khdng phai Ii nhihig
dy djnh ciia cae nhi quin ly dupe viel tren giay Id, vin ban (Edgar va Geare,
2005). Nhan thirc vi hd ttp lir doanh nghiep cd mdi tuong quan tich eye manh
m6 vdi gin kel xiic cam. Theo quan diem ciia Eisenberger vi cdng sy, cic doanh

nghiep neu mudn ngudi lao ddng gin kel xuc cim thi phai thi hien gin kit ciia
minh vdi hp bing cich cung cap mpt mdi trudng lim vipc cd tinh ho trp
(Eisenberger yi cdng sy, 1986). Trong sd nhitng diiu hp cd thi lim di thi hien
sy hd ttp la ddi xii vdi nhan vien cdng bing va sy lanh dao tdt. Ddng quan diim
vdi i;isenberger. Mcver va Smith nhin djnh cic biin lien quan din chinh sich va
diyc tiin quan ly ngudn nhan lyc gdp phin vio nhan thirc vi sy hd trp cd the
ddng gdp giin tiip vio sy phat triin ciia gin kit xuc cam (Meyer vi Smith,
2001). Ket luin tucmg ty cung dupe D. Kooij va cdng sy (2010) dua ra khi cho
ring, chinh sich nhin sy die biet quan trpng trong viec thiit lap thii dp cdng
viec, die biet Ii gin kit xdc cam vdi cdng viec.
Bii viel niy t^ip trung lim rd thyc trang gin kit xuc cam cua ngudi lao
ddng vdi doanh nghiep vi phan tich anh hudng cua nh^n thirc vi sy hd ttp tir
doanh nghiep den thyc ttang nay.
2. Khach the va phuong phap nghien ciru
2.1. Khich the nghien ciru: Nghien curu tiin hanh dieu tra lai ncri lam
vice vi noi d cua 541 ngudi lao ddng, lip trung vio 5 loai hinh doanh nghiep:
32

TAP CHl TAM Vf HOC, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016


doanh nghiep Nhi nude (20,0%), doanh nghiep tu nhan (14,3%), cdiig ty TNHH
(10,7%). cdn^ ty lien doanh (44,1%), cdng tv cd phin (10,9%). Dp tudi ttung binh
cua khich die li 29,2, didi gian lam viec ttung binh la 6 nim, ttong dd 54,2% la
ntt, 20,4% giii cic vj tti quan ly khic nhau. Vi trinh dp dao tao ciia khach the:
THPT (33,5%), ti\mg hpc chuyen nghiep (6,6%), cao ding (14,7%), dai hpc (36,9%),
sau dai hpc (8,3%).
2.2. Phuffng phdp nghiin cuu
Bai viel su dyng cic phuong phip nghien cuu la dieu tra bing bing hdi,
phdng vin sau va xir ly sd lieu bing phan mem thdng ke toin hpc SPSS.

2.2.1. Phucmg phdp diiu tra bdng bdng hdi
Nghien cim sii dung thang do gin kit Id chirc/doanh nghiep ciia Meyer vi
Allen (1996) gdm 18 menh di do ba diinh phin gin ket: gin kit xiic cim, gin ket
Ipi ich vi gin ket ttich nhiem dupe thiet ke theo thang Likert 5 mirc dp vdi diem
sd dinh gii nhu sau: Rat dung: 5 diem; Dung: 4 diem; Diing nhieu hon sai: 3
diem; Sai nhieu hon dung: 2 diim; Khdng dung: 1 diem. Thang do di dupe dieu
chinh vi chuyin ngii cho phii hpp vdi vin phong vi tim ly cua ngudi lao dpiig
Vi?l Nam. Thanh phan gin ket xuc cam gdm 6 m^nh de. ching han: Tdi cam thay
hanh phiic khi dupe lim vi?c ttong doanh nghiep niy. Tdi coi doanh n^iep nhu
ngdi nhi thir hai cua minh, doanh nghidp niy cd nhieu ngudi cd y nghTa ddi vdi ldi.
Ben canh do. nghien ciiu cdn thiet ke lhang do nhin thirc cua ngudi lao
dpng ve sy ho ttp ciia doanh nghiip theo lhang Likert 5 miic dp vdi diem sd
dinh gii nhu sau: Rit dung: 5 diem; Dung: 4 diem; Diing nhieu hom sai: 3 diem;
Sai nhieu hon diing: 2 diem; Khdng diing: 1 diem. Thang do niy bao gdm cic bien:
- Nhin thiic ve thu nhap (5 m$nh de), vi dy: Mure luong phii hpp vdi thdi
gian, cdng sure vi ning lyc lim vi?c; Dupe tri luong xiing ding cho thdi gian
lim ngoii gid; Cd the liet kiem tir thu nhap di phdng nhihig liic dm dau.
- Nhin thiic ve chinh sich bio hiem, phiic Ipi ciia doanh nghiip (5 m?nh
de), vi dy: Dupe ddng bio hiem (bio hiem xi hpi, y te, thit nghl?p); Viic to
ehiic cho ngudi lao dOng di du Ijch, thim quan... dupe thyc hien tdt; Viec khim
ehtta binh cho ngudi lao dpng de ning cao dang ke tinh ttang siic khde cua hp.
Nhin thiic ve sy hd trp tim ly tir ngudi quin ly (4 m^nh di), vi dy:
Ngudi quin Iy than mat, dl gin; Ngudi quan ly tdn ttpng, ling nghe y kiin ciia
nhin vien; Ngudi quan ly dinh gii, ddi xu cdng bing vdi nhin vien.
- Nhin thiic ve sy ho ttp cdng viic tir ngudi quan Iy (4 menh di), vi dy:
Ngudi quan Iy ho trp nhan vien ve chuyen mdn; Ngudi quan ly djnh hudng

TAPCHlTAMLynCDCSdll (212). 11-2016

33

cich thirc lam vice cho nhan vien; Ngudi quan ly bicl veu cau nhan vien luan
thii cic quy dinh ciia doanh nghiep.
2.2.2. Phuong phdp phdng vdn sdu: Nghien ciru lien hanh phdng van
sau 10 ngudi lao ddng vi nhiing cam xuc trong cdng viec ndi chung va nhiing
cam xuc vdi doanh nghiep ndi rieng. Ddng thdi, nghien ciiu cutig thiet ke ca
ciu hdi ddng vi md lien quan tdi danh gii cua ngudi lao ddng ve sy hd trp tir
doanh nghiep.
2.2.3. Phirangphdp xd ly sd lieu bdng phdn mem thdng ke todn hgc SPSS
Ngoii cic phep thdng ke md la, nghien curu cdn su dung mdt sd phep
thdng ke sau:
Phan tich nhin Id diang do gin ket xiic cam ciia ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh
nghiep cho diiy he sd KMO = 0,93 (> 0,5). kiim djnh Bartlett cd sig. = 0,00 < 0,05.
Sur dung phep xoay Varimax ttong phan tich nhan td cho phep thu nhan 3 nhan td
vdi ldng phuong sai Inch la 58.6%. Nhu vay, viec chia thang do gin kit xiic cam
ciia ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep dianh 3 nhan td la dam bao dp tin cay (> 50%).
Nhan to gin ket xiic cim gdm 7 menh de. ching han nhu: Tdi rat hanh phiic khi
dupe lam viec cho doanh nghiep; Tdi thay doanh nghiep nhu ngdi nha thii hai;
Tdi cam thiy gin bd cam xiic vdi doanh nghiep. Dya tren DTB va DLC ve gin
ket xiie cim cua ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghiep, miic dp gin ket xuc t?im ciia
ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep dupe chia thanh 3 miic: Gin ket xuc cim thap
(I < DTB < 2,8); Gin kit xiic cam trung binh (2,8 < DTB < 4,3); Gin kit xuc cam
cao (4,3 < DTB < 5).
Phan lich dp tin cav lhang do nhan thirc ciia ngudi lao dpng ve sy hd trp
tir doanh nghiep cho thiy, he sd Alpha ciia Cronbach ciia cic bien Nhan thirc ve
thu nhap Ii 0,87; Nhan thiic v c chinh sich bao hiim, phue Ipri ciia doanh nghiep
la 0,85; Nhin thirc vc sy ho trp lam Iy ngudi lao dpng cua ngudi quan ly la 0.91;
Nhin thiic ve sy hd trp cdng viec ciia ngudi quan ly la 0,87. Nhu vay, cic biin
cua lhang do nhin thiic ciia ngudi lao ddng ve sy hd trp tir doanh nghiep dim

bao dp lin ciy.
Xic dinh he sd luong quan, hdi quy dom giifa lirng biin vi hdi quy bpi
giiia sy tic dpng cua id hpp cac biin la thang do nhan thirc vi su ho trp tir
doanh nghiep vdi gin ket xuc cam eua ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep.
3. Ket qua nghien cuu
3.1. Thuc trgng gan kit xdc cim eda ngu&i lao dpng vdi doanh nghifp
Thyc trang gin kel xuc cam ciia ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghiep dupe
the hi?n d bing I.

?-^

TAPCHlTAMLf HQCSdll (212), I I -2016


Bing 1: Thuc trgng gdn kit xdc cdm cua ngu&i lao dpng voi doanh nghiip
DTB

DLC

1

Tdi cam thay hanh phue khi dirac lam vifc tai doanh nghifp

3,81

0,93

2

Toi coi doanh nghiep nhu ngoi nha thii hai

3,72

0,98

STT

Noi dung

3

Toi thay gan bo cam xuc vai doanh nghifp

3,68

0,91

4

Doanh nghiep na> co nhieu ngucri co y nghTa vai toi

3,55

1,01

5

Toi CO cam nhan manh me rana minh thuoc \ e doanh nghifp

3,27

1,05

6

Toi cam nh?n minh co nghTa vu phai lam vifc het minh vi doanh
nghifp

3.57

1,01

7

Toi tin rang doanh nghifp xiing dang vori long trung thanh cua toi

3,29

1,00

3,55

0.75

Gan ket xije cam

Qua sd lieu bing 1 cd the thav'. nhiing npi dung lien quan den nhirng cam
xuc tich eye nhit nhu: "Tdi cam tha)' hanh phiie khi dupe lim viec tai doanh
nghiep" "Tdi coi doanh nghiep nhu ngdi nhi thir hai" "Tdi gin bd cam xiie vdi
doanh nghi?p" xep d thii bic cao so vdi cic ndi dung cdn lai (DTB lan lupt li

3.81; 3,72 va 3,68). Nhirng cim xiic niy hinh thinh nen d ngudi lao ddng nhihig
cam n h ^ ve sy phit trien hay suy thoii ciia doanh nghiep thyc nhu cua chinh
minh. Tim tu va tinh cim ciia ngudi lao ddng ttd nen ddng dieu vdi sy thing
trim ciia doanh nghiep. Chiing ta cd the cam nhin rd net dieu niy qua chia se
cua chj L.T.H. (Doanh nghiep Hoing Hien, chi nhanh Phii Cir, Hung Yen): "Nhieu
khi cung mudn nghi di chai nhung dang thieu nhdn vien bdn hdng qud, dip li lgi
ddng khdeh nin lgi thdi khdng nghi nua. Nghi cUng lo phue vu vd chdm sdc
khdng Ign linh thi khdeh hdng se khdng lin tirong vd mua hdng, doanh thu lgi
thdp di nhdt Id thai gian ndy, doanh nghiip dang kho khdn"
Hai trang thii cim xiic "Tdi cim nhan minh cd nghTa vu phii lim viec
het minh vi doanh nghiep" va "Doanh nghidp niy cd nhieu ngudi cd y nghTa vdi
ldi" cd DTB gin bing nhau va ciing deu d mirc DTB ciia gin ket xuc cam cho
thiy mdi quan he ring budc vc tinh cam vdi chinh cdng viec ciing nhu vdi mpi
ngudi khdng manh.
Cudi cimg. DTB d mirc thap hon so vdi DTB ciia gin kit xiic cim la "Tdi
tin ring doanh nghiep xiing ding vdi Idng trung thinh" cung nhu "Tdi cd cim
nhin manh mS ring minh thudc ve doanh nghiep" cho thay. ngudi lao ddng cdn
ed nhiing nghi ngai. thieu Idng tin vio doanh nghiep.

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35


Xet mdt cich tdng the ve mirc dp gin ket xiic cam cua ngudi lao dpng \ di
doanh nghiep, 69,7% sd ngudi lao ddng cd gin kit xiic cim vdi doanh nghiep d
miic dp ttung binh, nghTa la nhiiu khi hp khdng thyc sy cim diay hanh phiic, ddi
khi cd cam giic thit vpng, mit niem tin, thinh thoang cd cim nhan doanh nghi?p
li noi xa la, it cd nhiing ddng nghiep dian diiit. Chj N.T.D. (Cdng ty Metto Vi^t
Nam) nhin manh din sy dan xen cic cam xiic lich cue, lieu cue ttong cic didi

diim khic nhau vi tao nen sy thd o, hd hOng ciia bin dian khi Imn viec: "Thai
gian ddu di lam. nhiit huyit Idm, lue ndo cOng thdy vui ve vd rdt tir tin, mong
mudn phdn ddu vd ddng gdp nhiiu cho edng ty lam, cdn nghi day se Id not rninh
Idm viec din hit d&i dy chir! Nhung gia thi cUng khong eon dugeedi khi thi day
naa! Cdm gide hgnh phiie hay vui ve trong edn^ viic thi cung van ed nhung md
Idm lau rdi cOng thdy nhiiu cdi bdt cdp, nhieu cdi thdt vgng lam em a, dua
tranh-igi nhiiu khiin minh thdy ngpt nggt! Nhung md bdy gid cung dn dinh vd
quen rdi, nggi thay ddi idm! Minh eii lam diing phdn su vd trdeh nhiim cita
minh thdi cdn mgi ngu&i thi ndo thi ki hg\"
Ben canh nhiing ngudi lao ddng gin kel xiic cam vdi doanh nghiep d
miie trung binh thi cd 16,8% sd ngudi lao dpng cho ring, hp gin kit xiic cim
vdi doanh nghiep minh d miic dp cao. Mic du, day li mpt con sd khdng ldn
nhung cd the ndi, dd Ii bd phin ngudi lao dpng cd y nghTa ldn lao ddi vdi
doanh nghifp. Chiing la cd the cim nhin rd n6t sy gin kel mil thiet nay khi
nghe nhimg chia se thii vi ciia chj N.T.T. (Cdng ty Giiy da Panda): "Di lam
^ ^ c vu minh, lgi mang lgi ich cho ngu&i khde, cho doanh nghiip nin duong
nhien phdi thdy vui ve ehd, day Id minh tu nguyen chii al bdt dugc minh phdi
di Idm & do ddu! Cir thodi mdi Um viic hit minh di rot nhgn dugc thdnh qud,
se tu nhdn thdy niim vui thoi, lgi yiu nd dy ehif\" Hoic nhu chia sd ciia co
N.T.M. (Cdng ty Giiy da Panda) cho biit: "Di lam dugc nira nam, gl& chdn^
bdo righi & nhd cUng khdng mudn nghi, cir di lam thdi dl lam lgi thdy vui, tdi
vi ndm ngii ngon lanh md chdng phdi suy nghi, tinh todn gi cd\". Nhu viy, r8
ring li, nhiing ngudi lao ddng cd sy gin ket xiic cam cao vdi doanh nghiep
thudng the hi?n niem vui rd ret khi lim viec tai doanh nghiep.
Nhiing ngudi lao ddng khdng cd hoic rit hiim khi cd cim giic hanh
phue ttong qua trinh lim viec, cd cim nhan don thuin doanh nghiep chi Ii noi
giiip hp dim bio dupe cude sdng hoic miic y nghTa cua nhihig ngudi ddng
n^iep ddi vdi hp thip. Hp hiim khi cd cim giac doanh nghiep li noi than Ihupc,
gin bd. Qua diiu tta diuc li vi ttd chuyen, phdng vin sau, chiing tdi nhan thiy
ring, nhiing ngudi lao dpng cd sy gin kit xuc cam d mirc dp thip ihudng cd

nhimg cim xuc lieu cue trong qui ttinh lao dpng nhu: khdng dioii mii, hd hihig,
dl ciu gian. Chia se sau diy ciia anh N.H.N. (Cdng ty Beeahn) sg thi hien rd net
nhan djnh tten: "Nhiiu khi Idm viic thdy khd chiu idm, da mil mdt lgi cdn nhiiu

36

TAP CHl TAM Lt HOC. S6 11 (212), 11 - 2 0 1 6


chuyin phue tgp, khong ndi thi bdt rut khdng yen md noi ra thi lgi bdo co y gdy
xich mieh, nhiiu khi khdng chiu duge ehi mudn dgp phd edi gi do! Nhiiu luc dit
Id cdp trin hay ddng nghiip eUng khong the ndo dung hda md thodi mdi dugc
nhimg vdn phdi nhin. Cu chdp nhdn thdi thi di lam Id vi mmh md nin nhdm mat
chg qua thdi' Ty le nhiing ngudi lao ddng cd tim trang kieu nhu tten chiem
13,5%, hp thudc nhdm nhiing ngucri gin bd xiic cam thap.

DThap
• Trung binh
DCao

Bieu do 1: Miie dp gdn kit xdc cdm cita ngu&i lao dpng vol doanh nghiip
Tim hieu hf qui ciia gin kel xiic cim den dy djnh thay ddi noi lim viec
bing phep kiem djnh Anova cho thiy sy khic biet ed y nghTa thdng ke ve gin
ket xiic cim giiia 3 nhdm cd dy dinh chuyen noi lam viic khic nhau (F = 24,02;
p = 0,00). So sinh DTB gin ket xiic cim gifl-a cic nhdm cho biet, nhdm "Sin
sing thay doi noi lim viec neu cd co hdi" cd DTB thap nhit (DTB = 3,15),
nhdm "Sa khdng thay ddi" cd DTB cao nhit (DTB = 3.74). Sd lieu niy hoin
toan phii hpp vdi kel luan ring, gin ket xuc cim cd tuong quan nghjch vdi dy
djnh chuyen noi lim viec (Meyer J.P. va cdng sy, 2001). Lien quan den vin de
niy, chj V.A. (Cdng ty Vinafood), khi dupe hdi ve cdng viec ciia minh, chia se:

"Tdi cho rang minh se sdn sdng chuyin di khi cd ea hgi tdt han". Cim nhin ciia
chj V.A. ve cdng viec vi doanh nghiep ciia minh dang ngiy cing thieu tich cue
hon: "Ldm viic chua duge thodi mdi lue ddu di Idm cdn thdy minh mudn sdng
cdn, gdn bd vol doanh nghiip nhimg ddn ddn thi thdy su nhiel tinh gidm hdn"
Hon niia, bing phep kiem djnh Anova, nghien ciiu ciing khing djnh su
khae bi?t cd y nghTa thdng ke giiia gin kel xiie cam cua ngudi lao ddng vdi hieu
suit lam v iec thdng qua dinh gii ciia ngucri lao ddng ve khdi lupng, chit lupng
va sy diinh diao ttong cdng viec (F lin lupt li 13,23; 16,76; 5,21 vi p = 0,00).

TAP CHl TAM Vf HOC, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016

37


Sd lieu didng ke phan inh dieo chiiu hudng gin kit xuc cam cing cao thi DTB
vi hieu suit lim viec cang ldn. Do vay, nhan djnh ring gan ket xiic cam cua
ngudi lao ddng cd tic ddng den hieu qua lam viec eiia ngudi lao dpng la cd co sd.
3.2. Anh hudmg eda nhgn thurc vi su hd trg tir doanh nghifp den gin
kit xuc cam eda ngu&i lao dpng
Nhu da trinh biy d tten, cic nghien curu deu khang djnh mdi luomg quan
thuan gifta nhin thirc vi sy hd ttp tir doanh nghiep vdi gin kel xiic cam cua
ngudi lao ddng. Trong nghien curu nay, kit qua tuong quan giura hai bien nay
dupe the hien d bang 2.
Bang 2: Mdi tuong quan giiia nhgn thde ve su ho trg tii doanh nghiip
vol gdn kit xuc cam eua ngu&i lao dgng
Nhan thirc cua ngirdi lao dgng ve sir ho trqr tii doanh nghiep

Gan ket xiic cam
P

r

Nh|n thiic vf thu nhap

0.00

0,47

Nh|n thijc ve chinh sach bao hiem, phiic lpi cua doanh nghiep

0,00

0,53

Nh|n thu'c ve s\f ho trp cong vifc tir ngudi quan ly

0,00

0,39

Nh?n thurc ve sir ho trp tam ly tir nguai quan ly

0,00

0,508

Bang 2 cho thay, gin kit xiic cam ciia ngudi lao dpng cd mdi luong
quan thu?n vdi tat ci cac bien nhan thirc ciia ngudi lao ddng vi sy ho ttp tir
doanh nghifp. Tuy viy, kit c^ui phan lich hdi quy bdi vi sy tic dpng ciia to
hpp 4 bien thi "Nhin thiic ve sy hd trp cdng viec tir ngudi quan ly" khdng

lham gia vio md hinh giii thich sy biin thien gin kit xiic cam cua ngudi lao
dpng. Ba biin cdn lai giii diich dupe 36,2% sy biin thien gin kit xuc cim ciia
n^udi lao dpng, ttong dd, miic dp anh hudng din gin kit xuc cim dupe sip
xep theo thur ly lit m^h nhit din yiu nhit nhu sau: manh nhit Ii "Nh$n thirc
ve chinh sich bio hiim, phde lpi ciia doanh nghifp", tiip theo li "Nh$n thire
ve sy ho ttp lim ly tir ngudi quan ly", ki din la "Nhan thirc vi thu nhap" vi
cudi ciing li "Nhin thirc vi sy hd trp cdng viec tir ngudi quan ly". Miic dp inh
hudng m^nh nhit nhan diiic ciia ngudi lao dpng vi chinh sich bao hiim, phue
lpi mi doanh nghifp ip dung cho thiy, vifc ngudi lao ddng nhan thiy chinh
sich bio hiem vi phue lpi cua doanh nghifp ip dung li dip img vdi nhu ciu,
mong mudn ciia hp dii hp s6 yen tim lim viec hon, lam vifc trong tr^ng thii
tinh than thoai mii hon vi gin kit xiic cam manh hon. Rat nhiiu y kien mi
chiing ldi nhan dupe khi phdng vin vi yiu Id anh hudng din cim xuc ciia hp
38

TAP CHl TAM Vf HOC, Sd' 11 (212), 11 - 2016


khi lam vifc tai doanh nghifp de cap den chinh sach bao hiem phiic Igi: dupe
ddng bao hiem xi hdi, bio hiem y ti, su quan tam ciia doanh nghifp vao nhiing
ngiy sinh rdiat. hieu hi; doanh nghifp cac hoat dpng tap the nang cao ddi sdng
tinh than ciia ngudi lao ddng ttong doanh nghifp... cang khing dinh tam quan
ttpng ciia yeu td niy den gin ket xiic cam cua ngudi lao ddng.
Mic dil mure dp inh hudng yeu hom nhimg sd lieu van khang djnh iihan
thuc ve sy hd ttp tim ly tir phia ngudi quan ly cd anh hudng den gin ket xiic
cam. Ket qua niy hoin toin phii hpp vdi nhan djnh rang, sy in can, mdi quan
hf dya tren Idng lin vdi ngudi quan ly rat quan trpng ddi vdi sy hii Idng ttong
cdng vifc va sy gin ket vdi doanh nghifp. Khi quan ly true tiep ling nghe,
quan lam va tdn ttpng y kien cua nhin vien thi nhan vien cd xu hudng cam
thiy thoai mai ttong cdng vifc (Bauer T.N., 2007). Ndi v e sy hd trp ciia ngudi

quin Iy vdi nhin vien, chj M.H. chia se: "Tdt bgn g! CM dy rdt thdn thien vd
nhiit link Ludn the hiin su tdn trgng ddi v&i nhdn viin tu nhdn viin thu viic
den nhdn vien da gan bd lau ndm. Chi dy rdt gioi nhimg khdng bao gid dpc
dodn md luon tdn trgng, lang nghe y kiin cua ngu&i khde. Minh rdt tdn trgng
ehi dy vd chinh diiu ndy cUng tag ra cho minh cdm gide thodi mdi khi ldm viie
tgi ddyV
Sd lifu ve miic dp inh hudng yeu nhit cua nhan thirc ve thu nhap den
gin kel xiic cam cua ngudi lao ddng hoic nhan thiic v e sy ho ttp cdng viec tir
ngudi quan ly li tuong ddng vdi quan diem ciia Hezberg ring, thu nhap. sy
quin ly chi Ii yeu td duy tri mi khdng cd tic dyng kich thich ngudi lao ddng
lim vifc tich eye hom. cd cim xiic tich eye hem. Tim hieu siu hon ve mdi quan
hf giiia gin kel xiic cim vi nhin thiic ve thu nhap. chiing tdi dya vio quan
difm ciia Mathieu va Zajac (1990) cho ring, tri lien cho ngudi lao ddng df hp
d l^i ttong mdt doanh nghifp cd the din den sy gin ket xiic cim cao hon neu
nd cd ich ddi vdi nhan thiic ve ning luc ca nhan. Ket qua nghien curu cho thay.
mdi tuong quan cd y nghTa thdng ke giira gin ket xiic cim vi thu nhap ciia
ngudi lao dpng neu ci nhin nhin thirc ring cdng v iec phii hpp vdi ning lyc
cua ban thin (F = 2,27; p = 0.00). Difu nay cd nghTa ring, khi ci nhin nhin thuc
dupe ring, thu nhap cua minh dim bio vi cdng vifc phii hpp vdi nang luc thi
hp s€ cd cim giic thoii mii, hai Idng ttong cdng vifc va keo theo dd la su gin
kit xiic cam vdi doanh nghifp. Nhu viy, cd the thay ring can phin tich them
cic bien tnmg gian giiia gin ket xuc cam vi thu nhap de khing djnh chic chin
hon ve moi tuong quan giira hai bien niy.
4. Ket luan
Gin ket xiic cim ciia ngudi lao dpng v di doanh nghifp chinh li ttang
thii cam xiic ring budc ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghifp. Vdi miic dp gin ket
xiic cam manh, ngudi lao ddng thyc su cam thav hirng thii, tin tudng, sin sing
TAPCHlTAMLyHOCSd II (212). 11-2016

39

ddng gdp site lyc vi tti mf vao sy phat trien ciia doanh nghiep. Gan ket xiic cam
cd tic dpng din dy djnh thay ddi noi lim vifc theo xu hudng nghjch chieu va
hifu suit lim vifc theo xu hudng thuin chiiu.
Gin kit xuc cam cd mdi tuomg quan thuan vdi nhan diiirc ciia ngudi lao
ddng v i sy ho ttp tir doanh nghifp, ttong dd cd tuong quan manh nhal vdi nhan
diirc cua ngudi lao ddng v i chinh sach bao hiem, phiic Ipi ciia doanh nghifp va
sy hd ttp tim ly tir ngudi quan ly. Kit qui niy gpi y ring, d i ting cudng gin kit
xuc cim ciia ngudi lao ddng, cic doanh nghifp cin chii trpng hom tdi vifc dim
bio cae chinh sich bio hiim, doanh nghifp td chiic nhiiu hom cic hoat dpng vin
hda, tinh diin cho ngudi lao ddng. Ben canh do, viec xiy dyng mdi quan hf tdt
dep giua ngudi quan ly v i nhan vien cung la diiu ma cac doanh nghifp can quan
lam. Doanh nghifp cin cd bifn phap giio due, dao tao d i ngudi quan ly cic cap
hiiu ring, cim xuc cua ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghifp phu Ihupc rat nhieu
vio diii dp ciia chinh hp. Sy an cin, tdn trpng, ling nghe, thau hieu, cdng bing
ciia ngudi quin ly li nhirng chi sd quan ttpng tao nen gin kel xiic cam ciia ngudi
lao ddng vdi doanh nghifp.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Le Vin Hao, Larsen K.S., Hdnh vi td chirc Irong mpt Ihi gidi dang thay ddi, NXB
D?ii hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, 2012.
2. Bauer T.N., Bodner T., Erdogan B., Truxillo D.M. & Tucker J.S., Newcomer adjustment
during organizational socialization: A meta-anglylic review of antecedents, outcomes
and methods, Joumal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 92, pp. 707 - 721, 2007.
3. Edgar F., Geare A., HRM practice and employee altitudes: Different measures different results. Personnel Review, Vol. 34, pp. 534 - 549, 2005.
4. Eisenberger R., Huntington R., Hutchison S., Sowa D., Perceived organizational
support, Joumal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 71, pp. 500 - 507, 1986.
5. HackeU R.D., Bycio P., Hausdorf P.A., Further assessments of Meyer and Allen's
(1991) three - component model of organizational commitment, Joumal of Applied
Psychology, Vol. 79, pp. 15 - 23, 1994.

6. Kooij D., Jansen P., Dikkers J., Lange A., The influence of age on the associations
between HR practices and both affective commitment and job satisfaction: A metagnglysis, Joumal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 31, pp. 1.111 - 1.136, 2010.
7. Mathieu J.E., Zajac D., A review and meta-analysis of Ihe antecedents, correlates
and consequences of organizational commiimeni. Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 108,
pp. 171 - 194, 1990.
8. Meyer J.P., Allen N.J., Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research and application.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997.
40

TAP CHl TAM Ly HQCSd 11 (212), 11 -2016


9. Meyer J.P., Smith C.A., HRM practices and organizational commitment: Test of a
mediation model. Canadian Joumal of Administrative Sciences. Vol. 17, pp. 319 - 331,
2001.
10. Meyer J.P., Allen N.J., Gellatly I.R., Affective and continuance commitment to the
organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time - lagged
correlations, Joumal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 75, pp. 710 - 720, 1990.
11. Meyer J.P., Stanlev D.J., Herscoviteh L..TopolnvTsky L., Affective, Continuance and
Normative Commitment lo the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates
and Consequences. Joumal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 61, pp. 20 - 52,2002.

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