Cách thức thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự lập của học sinh trung học cơ sở

cAcH THQC THOA MAN
NHU CAU TU LAP CUA HOC SINH
TRUNG HOC CO S6
ThS. Thach Thj H6ng Mo

Trudng Cao ddng Ngd Gia Tu Bdc Giang.

.-; .>-:.^i.

TOM TAT

Khdo sdt 150 hgc sinh cdc trudng trung hgc ca sd d Bdc Giang ve cdch thuc
thda man nhu cdu tu lap cho thdy, nhu cdu tu lap cua hgc sinh THCS bieu hien a muc
do cao nhung hdnh vi nhdm thda man nhu cdu tte lap cua hgc sinh lai dat d muc trung
binh. Bdi bdo ciing cho thdy, co moi tuang quan thuan giua nhu cdu tu lap vdi hdnh
dgng nhdm thda man nhu cdu tu lap cua hgc sinh. Tit kit qua nghien ciru tren, bdi bdo
dua ra mgt so kien nghi nhdm hinh thdnh vd thuc day nhung hdnh vi tu lap theo hudng
tich cue nhdt ddi vdi su hinh thanh vdphdt trien nhdn cdch cua hgc sinh THCS.
Tir khoa; Nhu cdu tu lap; Cdch thiic thda mdn nhu cdu tu lap; Hgc sinh trung
hgc ca sd.
Ngdynhdnbdi: XZIl12^6; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/4/2017.
ABSTRACT

This stucfy was conducted on 150 students in secondary schools in Bac Giang
province to learn how they satisfy their need for self-reliance. Result showed that, the
need to be self-relianct in students in secondary school is high but their behaviors to
meet this are medium. In addition, there is a positive correlation between the need for
self-reliance and behaviors to satisfy them. Results also bring about some suggestions
build and promote self-reliant behaviors by following the most positive methods of
personality development in secondary school
Keywords: Need in self-reliance; Fulfilling needs in self-reliance; Secondary

school students
1. Dat van de
Khi birac vao liia tuoi hoc sinh THCS, cr cac em xuat hi$n mpt cam giac het
siic doc dao, do la "minh da Id ngudi Idn". Cam giac vh sir truong thanh khiln
cac em bat dau dinh hucmg vao nhung gia tri ciia ngiroi Ion, bi^u hien a nguyen
vpng muon giong nguai Ion a ve b6 ngoai, mu6n gia nhap mot vai ITnh vuc trong

78

TAPCHfTAMLyHpC.S6'5 (218), 5 - 2 0 1 7


doi s6ng va trong boat dong cua ngucri Ion. mu6n co nhiing pham chat, ky nang,
quy^n ban va dac quy In nhu nguoi Ion: do la quyen dupe tu quyet dinh nhOng
viec CO lien quan ddn ban than, mu6n la chii the trong boat dpng ma khong muon
bi ai can thiep. Mot dac tinh chung ciia hpc sinh THCS la muon dupe tu lap de
CO the "'chuyen nhanh" sang the gidi ciia nguofi Ion vai day dii kha nang de bat
dau cupc sdng rieng ciia minh. Cac em mong muon dupe khang dinh minh bang
hanh dpng tu ISp, cung dong thai la de thoat khoi nhung quy dinh ve sir da dau
vun vat, su ki6m tra, su cham soc, hirang dan qua chi tiet cua nguai lan ve mpi
ITnh vuc co lien quan den cac em.
Nhu cau ty lap a hgc sinh THCS xuat hien vol cuang dp manh da thuc
day cac em hanh dpng nham thoa man no. Thong qua cac hanh dpng cu the ma
cac em co the ty nhan thuc dupe minh la chu the hoal dpng, la nguoi tu to chuc,
dinh huong va kiem tra qua trinh boat dgng theo huong phii hpp voi nhan thuc
va thai do ciia ban than de dat duac muc tieu cua chinh minh. Khi nhu cau tu
lap 6 hpc sinh THCS khong dupe thoa man se xuat hien Irang thai cang thang,
xuc cam am tinh hoac khi cac em ty dua ra nhung quyel dinh mgt each thai qua
cho nhirng viec lam cua minh ma khong phu thuoc vao nhung quy dinh do cha
me hay xa hoi dai ra thi luc do, 6 cac em se hinh thanh tinh buong binh, uong

nganh, co chap hay co nhCrng hanh vi lech chuan khac va phu dinh mpi quy tac
sinh hoal. nep song cua gia dinh va xa hoi.
Xuat phat tir co so Iren, chung toi tien hanh nghien cuu lam ro each Ihirc
thoa man nhu cau tu lap ciia hgc sinh THCS \'a moi luong quan ciia no vai hanh
dgng ly lap ciia cac cm. Tren ca so do chi ra dupe cac bien phap nham han che
nhung hanh vi co tinh tieu cue a hgc sinh trong vice tim kiem su thoa man nhu
cau nay, dong thai thuc day. hinh ihanh nhung hanh vi ty lap theo huong lich
cue doi vai sy hinh thanh va phat trien nhan each ciia hpc sinh TI ICS.
2. Khach the va phuong phap nghien cuu
De lam ro cac cau hoi nghien cu'u, chiing toi lien hanh khao sal 150 hpc
sinh THCS tir lap 7 den lap 9 ciia 2 truong THCS a tinh Bac Giang (Truang
THCS QuC: Nham. Truang THCS My Dp).
Cac phuang phap dupe sir dung trong nghien cim nay la: quan sat, phong
van sau. dieu tra bang bang hoi va thong ke toan hgc, trong do dieu tra bang
bang hoi la phuong phap nghien ciru chinh. Bang hoi dugc xay dyng gom 25
menh dc va dupe danh gia theo thang 4 mirc do. tii 1 !a khong dctng y d6n 4 la
hoan loan dong y. So lieu thu duoc sau khao sal thyc tien dugc xir ly bang
chuong trinh thong ke SPSS diing (rong moi truimg Window, phien ban 13 0.

TAPCHITAMLYHOC, So 5 (218). 5 - 20! 7


3. Kit qua nghien ciru
Kit qua nghien cim cho thay, nhu cSu tu lap la nhu cSu tich cue ciia lira
tuoi hgc sinh THCS thi hien mong mudn dugc tu quyit djnh, tu chju trach
nhiem cho nhimg viec lam cua ban than. Khi nhiing cliuan muc hanh vi ma cha
me ludn bit cac em phai tuan theo tir trude (khi eac em cdn nhd) da trd thanh
rao can thi viec tu minh dugc hanh ddng theo y mudn, y thich se trd thanh ddi
tugng cua nhu cSu tit lap d hgc sinh THCS. Cac em ludn tim each chung minh
minh da Idn trong hanh ddng thuc tien. Nhu chu tu lap xuSt hien vdi cudng do

manh, thiic day cac em hoat ddng nhim thda man no. Do dd, hanh ddng tu lap
cua hgc sinh chinh la phuang thiic thda man nhu ciu tu lap d cac em. Cu the,
trong sinh boat, hgc tap va mdi quan he vdi ban be, hgc sinh nay sinh hanh vi,
hanh dgng vdi tu each la phugng thiic thda man nhu cau tu lap nhu the hien
hanh vi dugc ndi, dugc lam, dugc tu quyet dinh, dugc tu lua chgn... theo each
rieng cua ban than ma khdng phu thudc vao ngudi khac. Bing nhung hanh
ddng tu lap, hgc sinh cd gSng thi hien su nSng dgng, tu tin de khang dinh ban
than va khing dinh su trudng thanh trude mgi ngudi.
3.1. Cdch thuc thda man nhu cau tu lap eda hoc sinh THCS trong
sinh hogt hdng ngdy
Nhd su phat triin ciia kha nang tu y thiic, nhat la cam giac ve sir trudng
thanh da khiin cho hgc sinh THCS mong mudn dugc khang dinh ban than,
khing dinh ro vai trd va vi the quan trgng ciia minh qua viec thuc hien cac cdng
viec trong gia dinh.
Bdng 1: Cdch thirc thda mdn nhu cdu tu lap ciia hoc sinh THCS
trong sinh hogt lidng ngdy
DTB

DLC

1. Hm tu giup bo me lam nhirng cong viec ma ngLrailon thiroTig lam.

2,54

0.74

2 Hm tir iam mot so cong viec trong nha

3,33

0.78

3 Khi bo me khong co a nha, em tir tiep khach thav bo me.

2.17

0.89

4. Em tu quyet dinh lam mot so cong viec CO hen quan deu em

2.81

0.94

5. F.m tu thiet ke cho minh mot kiiong gian rieng 6 nha dc khong ai can tliicp

2.14

1,09

6. Hm tu thiet ke cho minh lich thai gian bieu cho smh hoat hang ng,av

3.01

1.08

7 Khi gia dinh co chuyen can ban bac, em tir dua ra y kien cua minh

1.87

0,96

8. Em tir sap .\ep do diing ca nhan cua minh theo > thich.

3.32

0.91

2,65

0,92

Noi dung

Diem trung binh toan thang do

80

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, So' 5 (218), 5 - 2017


Kk qua hiSn thi tai bang 1 cho thiy, miic dp biiu hien hanh vi tu lap
trong sinh hoat hang ngay dat DTB = 2,65. Di6m trung binh toan thang do dao
dpng tir 1,87 din 3,33. Trong do, bieu hien ro net nhat la viec cae em da "TV
ldm mgt sd cong viec nhd''; ''Tu sap xep do diing cd nhdn cua minh theo y
thich"; "Tu thiit ki thdi gian bieu cho sinh hoat hdng ngdy". Diem trung binh
ciia eac bidu hien nay deu a miic kha cao (DTB > 3,0), cho thay mpt thue trang
la, hau bet hpc sinh THCS deu co the dam nhiem dupe mpt so cong viec trong
gia dinh va da tich cue ty lam nhung cong viec phuc vu cho ban than cung nhu
ty len ke hoach thai gian lam viec cho minh ma khong phu thupc vao nguai

lan. Miic dp tu lap eiia hpc sinh THCS eon dupe the hien thong qua viec "Tu
quyet dinh ldm mat so cong viec cd lien quan den cdc em"; "Tu giup bd me ldm
nhU-ng cdng viec md ngudi Idn thudng ldm". Diem trung binh ciia cac bieu hien
nay mac du a miic trung binh nhung deu tren miic diem trung vi (DTB > 2,5).
Vdi thuc trang tren co the thay, hpc sinh da chu dpng thyc hien mgt
so cong viec ciia minh, da co the ty quyet djnh hinh Ihiic, npi dung va each
thirc to chiic nhung cong viec do. Day chinh la sy the hien tirng buac kha
nang tu lap cua liia tuoi nay. Dong thdi qua nhirng cong viec do cac em dan
tich luy dupe kinh nghiem de tham gia vao nhieu hoat dpng khac nhu mpt
ngudi Idn. Chinh thong qua cac hanh dgng cu the ma hgc sinh THCS lam
trong gia dinh, cae em cd the ty nhan thiic dupe minh la chit the hoat dgng, la
ngudi to chiic, djnh hudng va kiem tra qua trinh hoat dpng theo hudng phii hop
vdi nhan thtic va thai do ciia ban than de dat dupe muc tieu ciia chinh minh.
Tuy nhien, co the thay, miic do thuc hien cong viec nhu: "Tudua ray kien
cua minh khi gia dinh cd chuyen cdn bdn bac" (DTB = 1,87) vdi tan so thyc hien
d miic "'thudng xuyen" chiem 28,9yo; ''tuang doi thudng xuyen" la 12,1%; "thinh
thoang" la 51,0%; "chua bao gid" la 14,1% eho thay, cac em hiem khi dupe ban
bac vdi bd me ve nhimg viec chung ciia gia dinh, do vay, mirc dp chii dpng trong
hanh dgng ciia hoc sinh THCS noi chung la thap. Ly do cd the ia do eac em chua
ty tin de dua ra y kien cua minh vdi cha me de thay doi each iing xir cua cha me
vdi minh; Hoac cung cd the la do truyen thong trong gia dinh lir trude tdi nay, mgi
cong viec trong gia dinh ke ca nhirng cdng viec co lien quan den cac em ciing deu
do cac bac cha me quyet dinh, khdng cho phep con cai can thiep vao. Chinh vi ly
do nay ma hgc sinh THCS chua dam the hien y kien ciia minh. Hoac la vi \ kien
ciia cac em chua bao gid dugc thira nhan nen tan suat cac em tham gia ban bac.
the hien y kien ciia minh vdi ngudi kVn chicm ly le rat thap.
Chimg toi khong nhan thay co sy khac biet c6 y nghia thdng ke tren loan
thang do hanh vi nhu cau ly lap Irong sinh boat hang ngay giira dp ludi, gidi
linh. hoc lye ciia hpc sinh THCS ciing nhu ngha nghiep cua cha me cac cm.

TAPCHITAMLYHOC, Sd 5 (218), 5-2017


Tuy nhien, khi xem xet tirng biSu hien cu thi thi chiing tdi nhan thiy cd su
khac biet d mgt so bieu hien sau:
Cd su khac biet ro ret giira hgc sinh ndng thdn va hgc sinh thanh phd frong
thuc hien mgt sd hanh vi, chang ban hoc sinh ndng thdn thuc hien tdt hon hgc sinh
thanh phd d hanh vi "Giup bd me ldm nhiing cong viec md ngudi lan thudng ldm"
(DTB hgc sinh ndng thdn = 2,69 so vdi DTB hgc sinh thanh phd = 2,38; p < 0,05)
va hanh vi "TV quyet dinh ldm mgt sd cdng viec cd lien quan den em" (DTB hpc
sinh ndng thdn = 3,10 so vdi DTB hgc sinh thanh phd = 2,51; p < 0,05). Biiu nay
cd th^ ly giai bdi nhieu ly do khac nhau, trong dd cd ly do lien quan den each thirc
giao due ciia cha me. Hgc sinh thanh phd thuimg dugc cha me chieu chuong,
cham sdc va lam thay cac em tit nhiing viec nhd nhat. Cdn vdi hgc sinh ndng
thdn, do cha me chu yeu lam nghe ndng, cac em da dugc cha me giao viec giup dd
viec nha tir khi cdn nhd cho nen hanh dgng tir giac lam viec nha ddi vdi cac em
dudng nhu trd thanh thdi quen.
Hien nay, cd kha nhieu tre em d eac vimg dd thi hoac mgt sd gia dinh
kha gia thieu hut nhiing ky nang sdng co ban va can thiet, tham chi ca cdng
viec tu phuc vu ban than hay nhiing cdng viec nha dan gian ma dang nhe d lira
tudi nay phai biet lam. Dieu nay iinh hucmg rat nhieu den sir khang dinh "cai
tdi" tu lap cua cac em. Hudng dan, khuyen khieh va tao dieu kien de cac em
tich cue tham gia vao cac cdng viec trong gia dinh la vice lam can thiet eda cac
bac phu huynh.
Nhu vay, ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, hgc sinh THCS da phan nao tu giac
tham gia vao mgt sd boat dgng nhu lam cdng viec nha va cac cdng viec phuc vu
ban than... Dieu nay giup cac em khang dinh dugc vai trd va vj tri cua minh trong
gia dinh, the hien dugc tinh tu lap va the hien dugc "cai tdi" ciia ban than. Tuy
nhien, viec tu thuc hien cac cdng viec gia dinh cdn rat han che va d mirc dd
thuimg xuyen chua cao, chi tap ining vao mgt sd cdng vice nhat dinh.

3.2. Cdch thirc thda mdn nhu cdu lu lap cua hgc sinh THCS Irong
hgc tap
Hoat dgng hgc tap la hoal dgng chii dao cua lira ludi hgc sinh, do vay nd
cd linh hudng quan trgng den viec td chirc qua trinh tu hgc ctia cac em: ddc lap
trong linh hdi tri thirc, tim toi doc them sach tham khao, tai lieu bo ich.,. dl bd
trg cho vice hgc tap ciia minh. Diiy chinh la ly do khien cho mirc do bifiu hien
hanh vi tu lap cua hgc sinh THCS trong hgc tap d mirc kha (DTB = 2,79), cao
hon muc do bieu hien hanh vi tir lap trong sinh hoal hang ngay.
Ciing do hoal dgng hgc lap la hoat ddng chii dao cua lira ludi hoc sinh
THCS. cac cm ciing chung mgi hoat dgng hgc tap va ciing chung nhiem vu lu
duy cho nen chiing tdi khdng nhan thiy cd su khac biet cd y nghTa ihong ke
82

TAPCHITAM LVHOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2 0 1 7


giua dd tudi, gidi tinh ciing nhu nai d cua hgc sinh THCS. Tuy nhien, khi xem
xet timg bidu Men cu thi, chiing tdi nhan thSy cd su khac biet cd y nghia thdng
ke h-ong mgt sd bieu hien: "Tu di ra cdch hgc nhanh nhdt de dat dugc hieu qud"
thi hgc sinh nam dat kdt qua thip ban hgc sinh nir (DTB nam = 2,59 < DTB nO = 3,12;
p < 0,001) va hgc sinh gidi dat k6t qua cao hom hgc sinh kha, teung binh va yeu
(DTB lan lugt la 3,14; 3,13; 2,64; p < 0,01). Hgc sinh thanh phd cOng bia each
truy cap internet dd tim kiem thdng tin phuc vu hgc tap tdt hon hgc sinh ndng
thdn (DTB la 2,45 va 1,73; p < 0,001). Nguyen nhan la do d thanh phd, cac em
hgc sinh cd dieu kien cap nhat thdng tin hon va cd dieu kien tiep xuc vdi
internet nhidu ban. Ngugc lai, d ndng thdn, kinh te cdn han hep, chua ed dieu
kien bang thanh phd nen cac em hgc sinh cd phan thiet thdi hon, su chu ddng
trong hanh ddng tim kidm thdng tin tren mang thap hon d thanh phd.
Bdng 2: Cdch thuc thda mdn nhu cdu tu lap cua hgc sinh THCS trong hgc tap
BTB

BLC

1 Em tu thuc hien nhiem vu hoc tap khong can ngirai Ion nhac nho.

Noi dung

3,19

0,85

2. Em tir kham pha dirge nhung dieu ma em chua biet qua cac tai lieu va
cac nguon thong tin khac.

2,84

0,88

3. Em tir tim ra each giai quyet nhiem vu hgc tap va khong bi dao dgng
boi cac y kien xung quanh.

2,70

0,89

4. Khi gap van de vugt qua kha nang, em tir dgng tim hoi thay co, bo me
hoac ban be gioi hon minh.

2,94

0,95

5. Em tu chgn nhtjng mon hoc ma em thay co y nghTa vgi nhung ITnh vuc
ma em quan tam.

2,84

0,96

6. Em tir chgn diroc nhung tai lieu CO ich ma em thay can thiet cho viec
hoc tap.

2,83

0,89

7 Em tu de ra cho minh each hoc nhanh nhat de dat duoc ket qua cao.

2,95

0,96

8. Em tu truy cap mang internet de tim kiem thong tin phuc vu cho viec
hgc tap

2,09

1,12

Diem trung binh toan thang do

2,79

0,93

3.3. Cdch Ihirc thoa man nhu cdu lu lap cua hgc sinh THCS Irong
mdi ifuan he vdi ban be
Ban be chinh la ddi tucmg de cac em thda man nhu cau ar lap, bdi vi ban be
la nhirng ngudi cac em de the hien minh, dl bay td va khdng bi ngan c i n hay bj
phan doi %icc the hien linh ngudi Idn ciia minh. Ngugc lai, vdi mong mudn ciia

TAP CHi TAM l y HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017

83


cac em, nhieu khi eac bac cha me lai coi nhu ciu tu lap cua cac em nhu nidt su
chdng ddi va tir bd nhiing ddi hdi hay quy dinh cua cha me. Do vay, ket qua
nghien ciru ciia chung tdi cho thiy, mac dii mite do biiu hien ciia nhu cau tu lap
trong mdi quan he vdi ban be dat mire kha cao (DTB = 3,18) nhimg phuong thirc
thda man nhu cau tu lap cua hgc sinh THCS trong mdi quan he vdi ban be chi dat
mure Uung bmh, dudi miic diim tarng gian (DTB = 2,27). Diiu nay chirng td,
trong moi quan he vdi ban be, hgc sinh THCS da nhan thurc dugc gia tri ciia tinh
ban va cd nhu ciu mudn dugc tu do ket ban theo nhiing chuan muc va tieu chi
rieng ciia mmh. Tuy nhien, cac em cung y thirc dugc quyen tu quyet dinh trong
mdi quan he ban be va td ra than trgng khi su dung quyen ciia minh. Cac ern >'
thirc dugc quyin duge phep va khdng dugc phep, do vay, nhiing hanh ddng nham
thda man nhu ciu tu lap trong mdi quan he vdi ban be cua hgc sinh chi dat miic
diim trung binh (DTB < 0,25).
Bdng 3: Cdch thirc thda mdn nhu cdu tu Idp eda hgc sinh

trong mdi quan he vdi ban be
Noi dung

DTB

1 Em tu quyet dinh chon ban choi cho minh.

0.77

0,95

2. Em tu quyet dinh chai vai ban khac giai mac dit bo me ngan cam.

1,58

0.86

3. Em tir the hien y tuang trong cac cuoc sinh hoat giao luu ciing ban be

2.52

0.92

4. Em tu quyet dinh su dung dien thoai trong nha lam phuong tien lien
lac voi ban be vi cho rang minh co quyen lam dieu do.

1.79

0.91

5. Em tu quyet dinh thoi gian di choi voi ban be.

1.95

0.88

6. Em In chon cacli thiic an mac trong cac cuoc giao liru vai ban be.

2,66

0.99

7. Em tu cho phep minh moi va tiep ban be niinh a nha.

2.16

0.87

8. Em tu dua ra y kien rieng trong cac cupc tranh luan vtji ban be

2.81

0.90

9. Em tu quyet dinh di inua siiin mgt so do dimg ca nhiin cung \6i ban
be chii khong phai \ai ho mc.

2.22

1.03

2.27

0.92

niem trnng binh toan thang do

BLC

Dac biet hanh vi tu lap Irong moi quan he vdi ban be ciia hpc sinh THCS
con Id ra rat re rat va than trpng khi cac em thyc hien nhirng hanh dgng nhu: "Tu
qm'el dinh di miia sdm cimg vdi ban be chir khong phdi vdi bo me" (DTi3 ^ 2,22).
"Tu cho phep mdi va tiep ban d nhd'^ (D'lB = 2.16). Co le do cac em con to ra c
ngai bd me \"a y Ihuc dugc \'iec minh chua dugc phep lam nhirng N iOc nhir minh
mong muon cho nen \icc thyc hien hanh \i ly lap chi dai d mirc dicm truna
TAPCHITAMLVHOC, Sd5 (21 S K--^-2()l7


binh, dirdi miic diim trung vi. Nhiing hanh vi nhu: 'TM- quyit dinh thdi gian di
choi vdi ban be" (DTB = 1,95); 'Tw- qiiyit dinh sit dung di^n thogr (DTB = 1,79);
"TV quyit dinh choi vdi ban khdc gi&r (DTB = 1,58) ddu d miic diim rdt thap,
dudi mirc diim trung binh cho thdy hanh dpng nay khong thuang xuyen dupe
hpe sinh THCS thyc hidn.
Chung toi nhan thiy cd su khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke trong biiu hien
"Tu quyit dinh choi vdi ban khdc gidi mac du bo me ngan cdm" giua hpc sinh
nam va hpc sinh nir. Hpc sinh nam (DTB ^ 1,78) chii dpng thyc hien hanh dpng
nay ban hpc sinh nii (DTB = 1,47) vdi p < 0,04. Mae dii ed sy khac biet cd y
nghia nhung miic dp bleu hien hanh vi cua ca hpc sinh nam va nii deu d miic
dudi diem trung binh. Dieu nay eho thay, mac dii nam thudng chii ddng ban nii
trong viec quyet dinh chai vdi ban khac gidi, quyet dinh lam mac dii bd me ngan

cam nhung ca 2 gidi nay deu y thiic dupe viec khdng dupe phep lam cho nen chi
mpt bp phan rat nhd hpc sinh bieu hien hanh vi nay.
Cd sy khac biet giiia hpe sinh ndng thdn va hpc sinh thanh phd trong bieu
hien "Tu quyet dinh chgn ban chai cho minh" (DTB hpc sinh ndng thdn < DTB
hpc sinh thanh pho; 2,55 so vdi 3,00; p < 0,001). Dieu nay eho thay, hpc sinh
thanh phd da the hien nhiing dieu ma ban than thich hoac cho la diing cho dii cha
me phan ddi nhieu ban hpc sinh ndng thon.
4. Moi tu'cng quan giira nhu cau ty lap va each thirc thoa man nhu
cau tir lap cua hoc sinh THCS
Bdng 4: Tucmg quan nhu cdu tu lap vd cdch thuc thoa man tu lap
ciia hoc sinh THCS
Hanh dong
tir lap trong
sinh hoat
Nhu cau tu lap
irong sinh hoal
Nhu cau tir lap
trong hgc tap
Nhu cau tu lap
trong moi quan
he ban be

He so
tuong quan
Miic y nghTa
He so
tuong quan

Hanh dong
tij lap trong

hoc tap

Hanh dong tir
lap trong quan
he vffi ban be

0,510**
0,000

Muc y nehta
He so
luong quan
Mirc y nghTa

TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, SO 5 (218), 5 - 2017

0,280**
0,001
0.477**
0,000

85


Nhin vao kit qua hien thj a bang 4 cho thSy: nhu c4u tu lap co moi
tuong quan ty le thuan vod each thiic thoa man nhu cau tu lap cua hoc sinh
THCS. Nghia la, hpc sinh THCS co bi6u hien nhu cSu tu lap cao trong cac ITnh
vuc nhu sinh hoat hang ngay, trong hgc tSp va trong moi quan he vdi ban be
cang cao thi xu huong hanh dong nham dap iing nhirng nhu cSu tren cang cao
va ngugc lai, hoc sinh THCS co bi^u hien nhu eSu tu lap thjp a cac khia canh

neu tren thi xu hucmg hanh dong nham dap ling nhu cau cung giam. Bieu hien
ro net nhSt la, hgc sinh co bieu hien nhu cau tit lap cao trong sinh hoat hang
ngay thi xu huong hanh dong tu lap trong ITnh vuc sinh hoat ciing cao (r =
0,510**; p < 0,001) va nhung hoc sinh co nhu cku tir lap cao trong quan he voi
ban be thi cOng eo xu hirong hanh dgng tu lap cao nham thoa man nhu cau
trong m6i quan he ban be (r = 0,477**; p < 0,001); trong hgc tap nhiJng hgc
sinh nao co bi^u hien nhu cku tir lap cao thi xu huong hanh dgng tu lap cung
cao (r-= 0,280**; p < 0,001).
Khi nghien ciiu moi tuong quan giOa nhu cau tu lap voi hanh dgng ty lap
ciia hpc sinh THCS tuong quan o miic dp nao trong timg ITnh vuc cu the, chiing
toi chia hanh dpng tu lap cua hpc sinh THCS lam 3 miic dg: thdp, trung binh va
cao. Ket qua nghien ciiu thuc tien cho thay, nhu cau tu lap co tuong quan voi
hanh dpng tu lap 6 cac miic dp khac nhau. Cu the la, nhirng hgc sinh THCS co
nhu cau tu lap cao thi xu hucmg hanh dpng nham dap iing nhu cau nay cang cao
va nguoc lai, nhiing hpc sinh co nhu cau tir lap thap hoac o mirc trung binh thi
xu huong hanh dpng nham dap img nhu cau tu lap cung chi o mirc thap hoac
trung binh.
5. Ket luan
Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, nhu cau tu lap cua hpc sinh THCS biiu
hien cr mirc dp cao. trong do: nhu cau tu lap trong moi quan he vcri ban be hiiu
hien ro net nhat. tiep den la nhu cau tu lap trong hpc tap va cu6i ciing la nhu
cau tu lap trong sinh hoat hang ngay. Tu\ nhien. mirc dp hiiu hien hanh vi
nham thoa man nhu cau tu lap ciia hpc sinh dat o mirc thap hon .so \ai nhu cju
tu lap. Nguyen nhan chii quan la do sir phai trien tam sinh K' cila hpc sinh
IHCS chua tucmg xirng voi sir truong thanh \c mat xa hoi va nguyen nhan
khiich quan la do each thirc irng xir cua nguoi Ion d6i voi tre ct lira tu6i nay.
Ket qua nghien ciru cung cho thay. co moi tucmg quan l> le thuan giira bi^u
hien nhu cau tir lap \-cti hanh dpng nham thoa man nhu cau Ur lap ciia hpc sinh. co
nghTa la hpc sinh co bieu hien nhu cau tu lap cao thi xu hucmg hanh dpng nhjm
dap img nhimg nhu cau tren cang cao vk ngupc lai. hpc sinh co bieu hien nhu cm

ur lap thap ihi \u huong hanh dpng nham dap irng nhu cau tu lap cung giam.

86

TAPCHiTAMLyHOC, So 5 ( 2 l 8 | , 5 - 2 0 i 7


Tir kit qua nghi&i ciru tren, chiing toi nhan thay, can hinh thanh thai dp
diing djn d6i voi xu huong tu lap, tranh thai dp coi nhe kha nang tu lap or hgc
sinh THCS. Nen tao nhifiu co h6i cho cac em tham gia vao cac hoat dgng xa
hoi, trao quyIn t6 chiic, thyc hiSn va gan trach nhiem cho cac em vao viec giai
quyet eac tinh hu6ng do; Tao bau khong khi gan gui de biet cac em nghT gi,
lam gi di kip thoi djnh huong te nhj; Khong nen che bai ma tao eho cac em sy
ty tin khi lam chu hanh dgng; Khen thudng, thira nhan nhiing hanh vi tich eye
va nhihig cong viec ma cac em da hoan thanh. Cha me cung can chu y den anh
huong ciia ban be doi voi con cai minh; Khuyen khieh nhirng moi quan he tich
cue dac biet la trong moi quan he voi ban be tot, khuyen khieh con cai ket ban
vdi nhttng ngudi thi hien tinh tu lap ro ret trong hgc tap va trong cupc song.
Cha me khong nen ap dat con thyc hien theo y muon ciia minh, tao dieu kien
de con cai dupe ty chu trong cac cong viec va cac moi quan he khac nhau; Cho
con cai biet cac nguyen tac cua cha me va thao luan vdi con ve nhung nguyen
tac dd; De ra nhiem vu ma cac em cd the trp giup hoac tham gia vao giiip do
bo me hoan thanh cdng viec, co nghTa la cho phep con trai qua qua trinh "ciing
hanh dpng" va cho phep con dupe dua ra quyet dinh dudi su ho trg va cd chi
dan cua cha me mpt each kheo leo de con dugc lam chii nhiem vu do va se cd
nhung lya chon thong minh va biet suy xet ve hanh vi cua minh.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. I.X. Con, Tdm ly hoc thanh nien, NXB Tre thanh pho H6 Chi Minh, 1987.
2. Trdn Thi C4m, Tdm ly tre vd Gido due trong gia dinh, NXB Phu nir, 2005.
3. A.V. Petrovski, Tdm ly hoc lira ludi vd Tdm iy hgc supham (tap I, tap 2), NXB Giao

due, 1982.
4. Le Van Hong (Chii bien), Le Ngpc Lam, Tdm ly hoc lira tudi vd Tdm iy hoc su
pham, NXB Giao due, 2000.

TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd' 5 (218), 5 - 2017

87