Nhu cầu tự lập của học sinh trung học cơ sở

NHU CAU TU LAP
CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC CO SO
ThS. Thach Thj Hong Mo
Truimg Cao dang Ngd Gia Tu Bdi Giang.

•

T O M TAT
Bdi hdo de cap den muc dd bii'u hien nhu can iir Idp cua hgc sinh trung hoc co
s(/ (TllC.S) a nhieu Unh virc khdc nhau nhir hgc tdp. sinh hogt hdng ngdy vd trong
quan he vdi han hi' eiing lira ludi. Khdch the nghien cini la 150 hgc sinh TllCS lgi
Bdc Giang Ket qua nghien ciru cho tluh. nhu cdu lir Idp cua hgc sinh xudt hien vdi
cudng do mgnh vd hieu hien a nhirng mirc dd khdc nhau. thiic ddy cdc em boat ddng
nhdm thoa mdn no. Tir ket qua nghien cim tren. bdi bdo dua ra dieac mdt sd giai phdp
nhdm hinh thdnh vd phdi huy linh tu Idp cho hgc sinh THCS theo hirang lich circ
nhdt.
Tir khoa: Nhu cdu tu Idp. Hoc sinh THCS.
Sgdynhgnhdi-

10/6/2016: \'gd) duyet ddng bdi 25/12/2016.
ABSTRACT

The article deals with expression levels of independence needs among lower
secondaty school .students In man)' aspects including education, daily life and in relationships
with their peers. The .study participants are 150 hn\L'i secondary school students in Bac
Giang. 'The results .showed that independence needs of students appeared with high
intensity and expressed al different levels lo slimulale them lo gel .satisfied Based on the
re.sults. .some .solutions to establish and promote the independence of lower .secondary
.school students in a positive way are recommended.
Key words: Independence needs. Lower secondary school students.
1. Dat van dc

Do an lutmg sau sac rang, minh khong eon la tre con va do nhu cau nhan
thuc ban than cua cac cm phat uidn manh cho nen hpc sinh H ICS co \u th6 tu lap
U-ong su\ nghT, hanh dpng va danh gia ban than. f)ac di6m lam ly ndi bai. dac
trung nhai ma la thutmg iha\ a lira tutii na\ la su bidu hicn eiia nhu e§u tu lap.
I.X Ctm khi nghien ciju nhu eSu cr lua tuoi lu 11. 12 tut^i ddn 14. 15 tutii
cho rang: Mot irimg nhung van dc quan trpng nh§l cua lija tudi nay la nhu du

TAPCHITAMLVHOC, S6 1 (214), 1 -2017

79


thoat khdi sir kidm soat \ a bao trp ciia cha mc, thay cd giao. ngucri Idn ndi chung,
cung nhu thoat khdi nhimg quy tJc va uat lu do ngudi Idn xac dinh ndi ridng (1).
Trong cdng Uinh nghidn cuu \e tam 1\ tre va giao due trong gia dinh. Iran Thj
Cam khang dinh. lua tudi 13 - 1 .^ la giai doan gap khd khan nhat irong quan he
vdi gia dinh dc khang djnh linh tu lap cua ban than ddi x di gia dinh dd Iruirng
thanh (2). Nang luc cua Uc cang ISng thi Ire cang ndng vdi cdi ach gia dinh ra.
Mpi quydn lire ddi vdi ue ddu Ud ihanh nang ne. 1 re khdng chju ndi bat cir mpt
rang budc nao. \i Ire chua du Iri dc dd hidu duac sir can thidt dd. Nhu cau d lira
tudi nay la ty do. la pha bd mpi xidng xich can trd. Vi the ma >' mudn ly lap \a
phan img chdng ddi thuimg di ddi \di nhau. Nguydn xpng ty lap va nhirng phan
img chdng ddi thucmg bidu hien d hai mdi truimg ehinh la gia dinh va nha truimg
va cung chinh d hai nai nay ma Ire cd thd khang djnh dupc nhan each \a ban ITnh
eua minh.
Cd thd thay. su hinh thanh va phat tridn nhu ciiu ty lap d lira tudi hpc
sinh THCS la sy phat trien tam ly cd tinh chat tat \eu cua tre, Cac cm mudn ty
khang dinh nhOmg phat tridn ciia minh ve nhan each trdn con ducmg trd thanh
ngudi ldn. Day la mdt ca sa quan trpng dd giup cac em trd thanh ngudi Idn sau
na\ Song cung can luu y ring, nhu cau ly lap dupc hinh thanh va phat tridn d

lira tudi na\ cd nhQ-ng mat tieh eyc vii tidu eye. Dd la xu hudng chii ydu de cac
cm ty khang djnh minh. lir dd cd dupc nhirng hanh \i ty giao due. ty hoan
thidn minh; ben eanh dd nd cdn la co .sd miy sinh ra mdt sd tinh xau nhu tinh
de ly man. budng binh. ty ai. khpe khoang. hanh dpng bdt phat. tire thdi hoJic
nay sinh ra nhirng xung dot tam ly trong quan he giOa cac em vdi ngudi Idn va
neu nhu khdng cd sy djnh hudng. giao due mpt each diing dan thi nhu eau nay
trd thanh mdt trong nhimg nguydn nhan ga\ ndn hanh \ i lech chuan d lira ludi
hpe sinh II ICS.
2. Khach the va phucng phap nghien eu'u
Dc lim hicu thyc trang nhu eau ty lap ciia hpc sinh THCS. chiing tdi tidn
hanh khap sat 1 .sO hpe sinh TI ICS lir liVp 7 ddn lop 9 eiia 2 truimg TI ICS d BJc
Giang (Truimg TI ICS Qud Nham. Trudng TI ICS My Dp).
Chung ldi sii dyng kdt hpp cae phucmg phap nghien cuu ciia Tam ly hpc
nhu i^uan sat. phdng van .sau. didu tra bing bang hdi va thdng kc loan hpe. trong
dd didu tra bang bang hdi la phutmg phap nghidn ciru chinh. Uang hdi dupc xay
dyng gdm 44 menh de ya dupc danh gia theo thang 4 mirc dp. tir 1 la khdng ddng
y ddn 4 la hoan loan ddng y. Sd lieu thu dupc sau khao sat thyc tidn dupe xu ly
bang chuimg trinh thdng kd SPSS diing trong mdi truimg Window, phidn ban 13.0.

«0

TAPCHITAMLyHOC, Sri 1 (214), I -2017


.^. Kei qua nghien eiru
Kcl quii nghidn cim eho l h a \ . miic dp bidu hicn nhu eau l u lap cua hpc
sinh IT ICS dat mire cao va nhin ehung cac cm da ed nhirng bieu hidn nhu cau
ty lap d nhieu ITnh \ u e khiic nhau nhu: hpe lap. sinh hoat hang ngiiy va trong
quan he \ d i ban be ciing Ida.
3.1. Biiu

hien nhu cau ttr lap cua hpc sinh THCS trong sinh hogt

hdng ngdy

Bdng I: Bieu hien nhu cdu lir lap cua hpc sinh THCS
trpng sinh hogt hdng ngdy

Hicu hicn

DTB

Dl.C

1. l-.m cam lha\ ranii minh khoni: con ta ire con nira. minh dii Ihuc s\f la
npirai liTii \ a can dirac doi xir nhu ngirdi ldn.

2.80

0.83

2. Tm muon dugc Ihir sue minh irong mpi cong vice dc chung lo \(TI moi
nnudi la em da Urn.

2.73

0.88

3 Tm muon duoc l u quyel djnh cong \ icc Itiri quan den ban ihiin.

3.08

0.81

4 Em mudn l u minh lam mgi so \ icc nha Ihco each cua ncne cm

3.12

0.87

5. T.m Ihich dugc o nhii mgi minh. vi nhu \.i> cm sc dugc lam moi so \ icc
ma khong co su kicm soal ciia ho mc.

2.4s

1.06

6. Tm khdng muon bo mc -su dung qu\cn lire sua ngirai liVn dc hal cm phai
nghe ldi.

2.80

1.08

7 Tm muon bd me Iin lirirng giao cho cm mdi so cone \ iec etia ngudi Idn.

3.1")

0.92

8 T.m ibich co mgi khdng gian neng cho minh de du,K lam ihco v muon
mil khdng bi ai can Ihicp.

3.21

0.86

9. l-.m khong mudn bg me can ibicp sau \ JO moi so chu\cn riciii; cua em

2.90

(1.97

10. Tm mugn bo me cho phep eo niol khoan licn ricnudc licn \.'il

2.86

1.02

i 1 1 m mudn bo mc ion Irong inol so sg Ibich rieng cua cm.

3.27

0,75

12. Ivm khong ihicli bd me dong cham \ag dd dac cua em.

2.49

1.04

13 Tm mudn s.ip \ c p dd dac trone nha Iheo V ihich cua minh.

2.79

0.96

14. Tm mudn tu giae lam vice nha \ . i khdng mudn hg mc nhSc nhg

3.42

0.73

15 Tm khdng ihich ngudi ldu chi bao iimg li mgi nhtmg egiig sice ma cm
lam.

2.8''

1.06

Dicm Irung binb loan thane do

2,9J

11,43

TAPCHITAMLVHOC. S6'I (214), I -2017


Nhu cau ty lap cua hpe sinh THCS trong sinh hoat hang ngin dupe do

thdng qua 15 bidu hien. Didm trung binh (D TB) cua lieu thang do hi 2.d.' 4 dicm.
Cac menh de trong tidu thang do cd T)TB dao ddng tir 2.4.'^ den 3.42 Dieu dd da
eho thiy. nhu cau ty lap eua hpc sinh TI ICS trong ITnh \ yc nay bidu hidn a mirc
dp kha eao \ a ro net (bang I).
Kdt qua bang I cho thay. mpt dac tinh chung cua hpc sinh IT ICS Iii mudn
dupe tu lap dc cd thd "chuNcn nhanh" sang thd gidi cua nguiri UVn vdi din du
kha nang dc ty lap cudc sdng ridng ciia minh. Mong mudn ty lap dd duac nhihig
ngudi Idn khac. nhSt la cha mc minh thira nhan minh gidng nhu miit ngudi "da
UTidng thanh" cd thd ty lam dupc mpi vide va dac biet khdng mudn ngudi Idn
"nhac nhd" hay "can thiep" ma mudn dupe "ty minh lam. ty minh quydt". dupe
la ehii thd hoat dpng ciia nhiing \ ice ed lidn quan den ban thiin va theo dudi
nhimg y nghT theo "each rieng" ciia minh.
Nghidn cim cu thd cflng cho IhSy. cd 87.2% so hpc sinh trong mau
nghidn cuu ddu "Mong mudn duoc ly giac lam \ idc nha va khdng mudn bd me
nhic nhd". Dieu nay cho thay. ty giac lam \ idc nha nhu nau cam, riia bat, quel
dpn, trdng em, giat quan ao... sd giup cac em cam thay minh cd dupc vi tri xa
hdi luong ly nhu ngudi ldn. Mat khae, vice cac cm ty giae thue hidn cac cdng
\idc trong gia dinh minh se la tien dd dd lam thay doi each irng xir cua eha me
va nhiing thanh vidn khae trong gia dinh ddi vdi cac em. Nhd dd, eiie em sc
dupc lin cay ban. dupc coi trpng hon, dupc dpi xir nhu nhirng dira con da Idn.
Vit quan trpng la dieu na\ ciing cd, thuc day nhu cau ty lap d cac em.
Cam giae ngudi Idn khien eho eac em mudn dupc ty lap quyet djnh mpi
\idc \a dupe ddc lap vc hanh vi vdi cha inc. vdi nhiing nguiri xung quanh minh.
Cung vi thd. ngay ca khi d nha minh. eae em van mudn cd mpt khdng gian ridng
eho minh (DTB = 3.21) dc dupe ty ban than lam nhimg gi minh mong mudn.
tranh sy td md. uanh sy can thiep eua nhirng ngudi xung quanh. Cac em can cd su
ridng tu do ca thd luc na> phai tridn qua nhanh va ban than cae em khdng the kidm
soat ndi. Cac em thay bdi rdi neu dc cha mc hay nhimg ngudi khac trong gia dinh
minh nhin thay va bidt dupc nhumg gi dang dicn ra \di ciie em. Hon nira. de thir
sire, dd tim hidu eai gi la quan trpng. hpc sinh TI ICS thuimg lam mpt sd vide ma

doan trude rang cha mc ed the khdng chap nhan. Cac cm can cd mpt phdng ridng
hay mpi khdng gian ridng Uong nha dd thu nghidm nhtmg \ icc nay ma khdng lam
phat y eha mc hay bi eha mc quay ra\. Cac em ed nhumg ham mudn la tim ra dupc
minh dang cd kha nSng gi. mudn thu sire minh trong mpi vice \a thir lain quan
trpng cua minh ddn dau trong cupc sdng. mudn ty minh dua ra nhimg qu\ci djnh
xem minh cd the lam dupe gi eho ban than ma khdng bj cha mc chi dao hay ra
Idnh. Chinh \ i \ a\. mudn cd mdi khdng gian ridng trong nha dd dupc lam nhirng

K2

TAPCHITAMLVHOC, Sd 1 (214), I - 2 0 1 7


\icc minh thieh ma khong bi bit k\ ai can ihicp tra thanh nhu cau rat Itrn doi \tTi
h(K smh va no lang dan theo dp tuoi.
Su tham gia nghiem uic cong vice gia dinh .se giiip cac cm cam thay minh
trucmg thanh hom, tra thanh ngum itjn trong eon mat nhirng nguoi xung quanh.
dae biet la khang dinh v i tri xa hpi eiia minh. Do vay, duac bo me lin tutVng giao
cho nhirng eong \ iec (DIB =" 3.19) ma truoc day a lira tuoi hpc sinh tieu hpc cac
em chua bao gia dupe lam thi do la mot mong mutin rat tich cue. no ihiic day
tinh tu lap. giiip eac em eo the tu lam duae mpi viec ma eae em muon. Dupc cha
me tin ea\ se hinh ihanh a cae em linh than trach nhiem. linh tu lap \ a sir thanh
thao trong viee thue hien nhii^ng cong \iC'c \a trach nhiem khae nhau. hinh thanh
k> nang su\ nghT va biet quan tam den ngucri khac.
Dc khang dinh sir trudng thanh trong mat nguai Ion va nhiing nguai
xung quanh. hpc sinh luon tim mpi each tranh thii thoi co de khang djnh minh.
Cae em khong muon bo me phai nhac nho ha\ chi bao tirng li tirng li mpt ma
ha\ de cae em duoc the hicn kha nang eung nhu su nang dpng trong \ ice tu
thict kc eung nhu tu to ehue cong \ice theo each rieng (DTB ^ 3.12). khong
giting vai khutin mau truac day bo mc \ an ap dat khi cac cm con o lira tuoi lieu

hpc. Day chinh la mot buac ticn mtVi trong su phat Iricn dac diem lam 1>' lira
tui>i nham thay dt)i each irng xii eiia ngutri lan. dua minh lir nguai bi dpng liic
nao ciing thuc hicn mpi vice theo sy chi dan, ra lenh ciia nguai k'm trtj thanh
nguiri ehii dpng. khong phu thupc vao each nghT, each lam ciia ngutyi \an.
I1(K sinh THCS nhan thue quyen lu quyel djnh khi co nhflng so ihich
rieng lu va nhan thiic minh eung co quyen dupc lu do trong \ lee rieng lu eiia
ban ihan nhu: dupe viet nhat k\. thu tir cho ban be. gpi dien tam su vtVi ngutri
than, chia sc tham kin vai ngucri minh lin tutJng... Do \ a \ . hpc sinh khong muon
bo me can thiep qua sau vao nhirng vice ma cac em cho rang do la chuyen rieng
lu cua cac em (DIB ^'- 2,90). Tren thue te. khi eon eai bucre vao luoi 13. 14, 15
thi cha mc dan dan eo cam giac bi mat di kha nang kicm soat con. Vi \ a \ . mutin
tang quyen kiem soat ciia minh. cha mc da tang cuang \ icc theo doi con va xt;l
net eung nhu kicm tra gat gao thai gian eiia con. Cach ung xir na\ ctia cha me
nhicu khi thai qua da khien con cai cam thay phien toai. vo 1\ va tham ehi con
lam eho ehiing co cam giae bj cha me xiic pham. Day cung la van de ma cha mc
can luu y dc tim each khac phuc eung nhu lim ra each thuc img xir phii hop nhat
\cTi dac diem tam ly lira luoi hpc sinh TIICS de dat dupe hieu qua cao trong vice
giao due con cui minh.
Vc mai ly lhu>ei. nhicu bae cha me da nhin nhan eon o lira tuoi hpe sinh
THCS con nho. chua bicl nhicu nen day bao ehung thong qua cac chi din d6
hinh thanh y thiic cho con. Hoac c6 nhfl-ng bac cha mc do thoi quen muon con
phai luan theo uy qu>cn cua minh nen vdn mu6n ehung tiep tuc phu thupc: ivao
TAP CHI TAM l y HOC. Srt 1 (214), 1 -2017


eha mc. Tu\ nhien. tam ly cua tre lai ngupe lai vdi each nghT. e.ieh nhiin thirc
cua eha me \ c vai trd cua chung trong gia dinh. \ i vav. cac em khdng thich
ngudi Idn chi biio lirng ti mpt nhung edng \iee ma eiie em lam ( D T B
2.S^I.
Ddng thiTi. cac cm khdng mudn bd me su dung quydn lyc cua nguiri Idii de bat

phai nghe liri (D TB
2.80). Ciic em mudn thu sue minh trong mpi cdng vice
dd chimg td vdi mpi nguiri la eac em da ldn (DTB
2.73).
V i mudn thd hicn tinh ty lap ndn cac cm mudn bd mi; cho phep cd mdt
khoan lidn ridng de lieu vat (DTB - 2.86). Thue trang nay cho thav. nhu eau cd
mpi khoan ticn ridng dc lieu vat \ a dupc phep sii dung khoan tidn dd la mot
nhu c4u cd thyc ciia hpc sinh THCS. Dieu nay chung minh hpc sinh mudn
dupc lam chu trong cae quyet dinh eua minh \ e chi lieu \ . i khdng phai xin
phep bd mc moi khi mudn chi lieu mdt \idc gi dd nil nhd nbung can thiol cho
eae em. Tuy nhien. nhu eiiu cd khodn lien ddi \ d i cac em khdng birc sue ddn
noi phai ed mdt khoan lien liVn \;i mong mudn chi lieu cua cac cm cung khdng
ddn muc Idn lao. dd chi lii phuang licn de "chidm hiru" nhirng dd vai lal vai
nhu sach. \ d . Ihudc kc. qua sinh nhiit cho ban be. lio quiin hoac nhirng thii vui
khiic nhau cua Ida tudi hpe dudng. " V d i khoan lidn tidu \at n a \ . hpe sinh cd
the sir dung theo sd thich eii nhiin - lua ludi va tir dd. ehung dan diin "dinh \ j "
trong xa hdi. tue la inpl sy \ae lap quydn lyc ca nhiin cho dii trong nhirng gidi
ban nhiit djnh" (3). T uy nhien. cd the nhiin Ihiiy. trong tbiiri dai phat tridn ngii}
nay ihi \ iec cho phep Irc licp xiic vii sii dung ddng lidn dd phuc vu nhu ciiu c.i
nhiin eua tre la mpt trong nhirng \an dc ma nil nhieu bac phu hu\nh quan liim.
Viin dd nil) sinh d diiy Iri neu nhu tre ed nhu ciiu phai cd mdt khoan ticn dc
thoa man nhu eau eii nhan \ a cha mc lap tire dap irng ngay Ihi ed thd dd se la
CO hdi dc hinh thanh ihdi quen vdi vTnh. tinh y lai. tinh phu thudc \ a cd thd nay
sinh mdt sd thdi hu tat xau ma cha mc khdng thd ludng trudc dupc. Vay lam
the nao dc tre vira dupe thda man nhu cau ca nhiin la cd mpt khoan tidn tidu \at
nia khdng bj Ihdi hu lat xau cudn theo? Dii\ la xiin dd ma cac bac phu huynh
Clin luu y khi giao due con cai. Nen chang. cha mc cd thd hudng diin \ a trang
bj cho tre kidn thirc va k\ nSng su dung ddng tidn dc tre hidu dupc gia tri cua
ddng lien va cd thdi quen tidu lien dung muc dieh trong mdt gidi ban eho phep.
Nhu eau ty lap cflng gidng nhu cac thudc tinh liim 1\ khac. eung cd mpt

qua trinh phat tridn \ a irong qua trinh nay cd sy chuyC-n tiep \ a kc thira nhirng
thanh qua cua giai doan trudc dd. Trong ndi dung nghien cuu miy. chimg tdi
cung dd Clip den bidu hicn nhu cau ty lap d cae lua tudi khac nhau dicn ra nhu
the nao. lieu cd sy luimg ddng hay khae bidt trong nhttng bidu hidn nay gitta
cac dp ludi ha\ khdng. Trong nghidn cuu nay. dp ludi 13. 14. I .> tuang irng \ oi
cac khdi Idp 7. 8. 9. Do \ a \ . .sy khac bicl giua eac Idp cung ehinh Ti sy khac
biel gitta eac dp tudi. Qua nghidn ciiu. xet trong loan thang do. chitng ldi khdna

TAP CHl TAM TV HOC, St. I (2141. I -2017


nhan thay su khac bicl co \ nghTa th6ng kc giiia cac lira lucM khae nhau (khtM
lop 7, 8. 9) \c nhu chu lu lap trong sinh hoat hang ngay. Tu\ nhien. xt:*l tirng
bieu hien eu the trong li6u thang do thi ehung toi nhan thay co su khac biet
giua cae dp tuoi a nhumg nhu cdu sau: Atu^n thu sire minh trong mpi \iee de
chimg to vai mpi nguai la minh da It^n": hoc sinh lap 7 (D TB = 2,57) < hpc
sinh Itrp 8 {DTB - 2.69) < hpc sinh Itjp 9 (DTB = 2.93). vtVi p < 0.05 \a "Muiin
CO khong gian rieng cho minh d6 dupe lam theo >' muon ma khong bi ai can
thiep": hpe sinh ItJp 7 (DTB = 3.04) < hpc sinh \ap 8 (DTB - 3.14) < hpc sinh
Itifp 9 (DTB = 3.46). \ai p < 0.05. Ket qua tren cho ih^y. mire dp bieu hien nhu
cau tir lap ciia hpc sinh THCS irong sinh hoat hang ngay o mirc eao va iang
dan ihco dp tuoi. Cang Itjn cac cm cang co nhung nhu cau na\. tu\ nhien miic
tang na\ eung khong manh mc va khong co sy nhay vpt a cac dp tuoi dupe
khao sat. Dicu nay chiing to sy bieu hien nhu eau tu lap trong khia canh na>
dien ra tir tir va tuan tu theo dp tuoi. Irong do, dp tuoi 15 tuoi co su phat trien
vutTl hem so \ai dp tuoi truac do \e mirc do bieu hicn nhu cau ty lap trong dcri
song hang ngay.
3.2. Bieu hien nhu cdu tir Igp cua hpc sinh THCS trong hgc tap
Nhu cau tu lap cua htic sinh THCS trong hpe tap dugc ehung toi licn
hanh do thong qua 15 bieu hien cu the. DTB ciia ticu thang do la 3,17 (bang 2).

Cac menh dc trong lieu thang do eo DTB eao nhat la 3,60 va dicm thap nhat la
2.62 nhung van eao hon mu:c dicm trung vi (2.50). Thyc trang nay eho thay.
hpc sinh THCS rat coi Irpng hoat dpng hpc lap, nhan ihuc eao ve nhiem vu cua
ban than trong hpc tap va mong muon lu minh phat huy kha nang hpe tap mcri
each ly lap dc nang eao kicn thiic cho ban than.
Bdng 2: Bieu hien nhu cdu lu lap cita hpc sinh THCS trong hpc tap
Bieu hicn

BTB

DLC

1. Tm mugn dat thanh lieh cag irgng hgc lap dc ehtrng lg vdi bd me lit em
dS liTn.

3.32

0.79

2. Tm mudn l u minh kham pha nhung dicu ma em chua bi^l dc lam giau
kicn ihtjc.

3.60

0.56

3. Tm mudn hd mc dc em lir giac irgng viec hgc cua minh.

3.28

0.88

4 Trgng cac ctigc Iranh luan. cm lliich l u minh the hien >' kii^n va mudn
dugc mgi niiudi thira nhan y kicn ctia em.

2.')5

0,93

3.36

0.83

3.05

0.92

5 i:m thich l u minh lira chgn nhCrng lai lieu eg ich phuc vii cho \ icc hoc
lap6 Tin Ihich tige nhung mgn hgc eg y nghla u i i nhihig linh viic ma cm
nuan lani

TAP CHI TAM Tf HOC, Sd I (214), 1 -2017

8.S


2.62

0.94

8. Tjn mgng muon kham pha kicn Ihirc khgng chi Irgng sach v g ma edn g
ngoai cugc sgng.

5.60

11.62

9. Tm mudn bd me dc eho em dugc l u chon mgn hpc ma em \t:u thich.

3.18

0.92

i 0. Em khdng mudn bd me chgn trudng hgc cho em. ha\ dc em tu hra
chgn tlicg \' thich ctia minh.

2.83

1.01

11 Tm mugn de ra mgi phugng phiip hgc rieng ma khdng gidng vdi hal
cir ai.

2.87

0.87

12. Tm khdng mudn minh thua kcni bat cu ai irgng kip hoc \ e kei qua
hgclap.

3.05

0.84

13. Tm muon l u minh lap quv ihiri gian ehg \ tec hgc lap.

3,40

0.67

14. Tm khdng mudn bd mc dua dgn cm tdi Irirgim.

2,97

1.06

7. Tm khonu mudn hg mc can Ihicp qua sau vag \ icc hgc ctia cm.

15. Khi khdng hicu van dc nao dd. em tu l i m kicm lining lin \ c nd hgSc
hgi ihay eg .liiag M I Inn ligi cac han gigi lign \ c Ihili vuc dg.

3.55

0.74

Dicm trunf> hinh toan thang do

3,17

0J6

I Ian hdt. cac cm nhan thue dupc rang, khoi lupmg vii chidu sau cita tri
Ihiic la tidu chuan co ban trong su danh gia va nhin nhan cua ngudi lim ndi
chung. cha me ndi ridng va ca ban bd cita minh ntta. Hudng dd phat tridn tu
khat vpng ctia hpc sinh TI ICS mudn bicl cai gi dd v a bidt lam mpt each thyc sy
va cd the dupc thoa man bang con dudng ty lap. Day cung la nguyen nhan vi
sao cd ddn 96.0% so khach the nghidn cuu hoan loan dong y vdi mong mudn
ty minh kham pha kidn thue dd lam giau kidn thuc eho minh khdng chi trong
sach V d ma cdn d ngoai cupc sdng.
'Ty minh tim ra each giai quyel nhidm vu hpc tap la mpt dae didm ciia
boat ddng tri tuc a hoc sinh Tl ICS khac bin v d ch§t so v di hpc sinh tic-u bpc. Dd
thuc hien duoc khat vpng tim hidu tri thuc. khi khdng hidu mpt vAn dd nao dd. cm
ty tim kiem thdng lin vc nd hoac hdi thiiy cd va nhung ban gidi him (DT B - 3.55)
cho thay. hpc sinh da nhan thuc dupe ijm quan trpng va v nghia eiia tri thirc. v
thirc dupe sy phat tridn manh mc ciia cdng nghd thdng tin. mong mudn tidp can
viil cdng nghd thdng tin qua vice truy cap vao intemet. ti vi. saeh bao... kd ca
vipc chu dong tham khao v kidn cua nhttng ngudi ma eac em tin luimg dd tim
kidm thdng tin. phue vu cho hpc tap va md rpng kien thue cho minh. Do v ay. cd
tdi 90.0% so hpc sinh trpng mau nghidn cuu hoiin todn ddng v vdi mong mudn
nay, ehi cd rat il hpc sinh khdng cd nhu cSu nay. Day la mot mong mui'in rdt lieh
cyc. dang khuydn khich nham thiic d^y su phat tridn linh lu lap trong hoe Vm a
hpc sinh IT ICS

86

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd' I (214), I - 2017


1 Ipc sinh n ICS mong mudn dat thanh tich cao trong hpc lap dc chung lo vdi
bli mc la cm da Idn (DTH 3.32); mudn ly minh lap quv ihdi gian eho vice hpe tap

(Dl B = 3.40) Vdl nhumg mong mudn nav cho thiiy. eae cm da v thuc dupc vide
phai len kd- hoaeh cho niinh uong vice hpc tap. dac biejt la lap khung thdi gian
phuc vu cho V idc hpc lap ciia minh mot each hpp Iv nhat va dat dupc thanh tieh
cao u-ong bpc tap. Ddng thdi cung la mpi lieu ehuan dc cac cm chimg to mirc dp
trudng thanh cua minh vd "quydn ly quydi" irong mat nhumg nguiri Idn. nhai la
cha mc cac cm.
Cac cm mudn bd mc cho em dupc ly ehpn mdn hpe ma cm ydu thich
(DTB " 3.18); thich ty minh lua chpn nhumg tai lieu cd ich phuc vu cho vice
hpc lap (DTB = 3.36). Cd thd eoi d.iv la nhttng bidu hidn ty lap khdi dau cho
xu hudng nghd nghidp sau nay. Dav chinh la hudng quan trpng trong sy phat
uidn muc trudng thanh cd lidn quan vdi su phat tridn cae hirng thu cd npi dung
va vdi vide xiiv dyng kd hoach eho tucmg iai.
So sanh gitta cac khdi Idp khac nhau. kcl qua nghien ciru eho thiiy, cd sy
khae biel cd >' nghia thdng kd Irong mpt sd bidu hicn; "Thich hpe nhttng tndn
hoe cd y nghTa vdi ban than"; hpc sinh Idp 9 (DTB = 3.12) > bpc sinh Idp 8
(DT B = 3.05) > hoc sinh Idp 7 (DTB = 2.97). vdi p < 0.05 va "Khdng mudn bd
me chpn truimg hpe cho cm. hiiy dd em tu lya chpn Ihco y Ihich eda minh";
hpc sinh Idp 9 (D TB 3.22) > hoc sinh Idp 7 (DTB = 2.66) > bpc sinh Idp 8
(DTB 2.59). vdi p < 0.001. Hpc sinh IiVp 9 cd bieu hien ro ret ban hpc sinh
Idp 7 va 8 la do cac cm mudn ty minh dupc lya chpn mdn hpc. lya chpn trudng
hpe phu hop vdi sd thich. lyc hoc ciia cac em hoac chpn truimg hpc ma nai dd
ed nhidu ban da lirng hpc vdi em d THCS. Cdn hpc sinh Idp 7 ed bidu hidn nay
rd hom hpc sinh Idp 8 vi cd the luc nay. hpc sinh cam thay minh bat diiu bpc Id
dupc nang lyc cung nhu so trucmg eua minh. do v av phan nao eac em eung ed
nhiing udc mo. dy djnh sau niiv ldn trung hpc phd thdng minh sc hpc d truimg
nang khieu hoac nhirng truimg cdng lap. dan lap...
3.3. Bieu hien nhu cau lu- lap ciia hgc sinh TIICS trong mdi quan he
vdi bgn be
Nhu cau ly lap cua hpc sinh Tl ICS trong mdi quan he vdi ban be duac do
thdng qua 14 bidu hien (bang 3). Didm irung binh cua loan Ihang do la 3.18

(Dl C 0.35). Cac menh dd Irong lieu thang do ed DIB dao dpng tu 2.75 ddn
3.55. Didu dd eho thiv. nhu eau ly lap cua hpe sinh TIICS Irong mdi quan he
vdi ban be d mue kha cao. eao him muc dp bidu hidn nhu cin ly lap Irong sinh
boat hang ngiiv va trong hpc lap. Didu nav dupe the hidn cu thd d nhttng sd lieu
sau d.iv

TAP CHi TAM TV HOC, .Sii I (214), 1 -2017


Bdng 5: Bieu hien nhu cdu lu lap ciia hpc sinh THCS
trong moi quan he v&i bgn be
Bieu hicn

DTB

Dl.C

1. Tm muon dirge bd mc cho phep l u ehgn ban va kcl ban iheg > ihich
cua minh.

3.18

0.78

2. Tm tnuiin dugc l u minh quvcl dinh Id chirc giao luu vgi ban he.

2.75

0.78

3 Tin khgne miiiiii ho mc ngan ciim minh cd ban khac gigi.

2.77

0.97

4. T;m khgng mudn bg me lira chgn han cho em.

3.11

0.98

5. 1 in mudn bg mc ehg phep mdi han he cua minh ve nha chgi.

3,48

0.70

6. Km cam ihay khong dugc l u dg khi liep ban ma eg bg hay me nggi
canh em.

3,11

0.93

7 Tm khong hai Idng khi bd me ihcg doi cudc ngi chuyen cita em vgi
ban be.

3,18

0.95

8. Tm mugn bo me lin lugng vag vice chgn ban va kei ban ctia em.

3,55

0.67

9. Tm thich tham gia vag cac cau lac bd dg nha Irirgng Id chuc de dugc
giao luu nhieu hon vdi ban be v.i dugc the hien nhimg sd inrdng cua
minh Irudc cac ban.

3,34

0.75

10. Tm khong mudn bo me co nhirng cir chi cham sdc em kieu nhu con
m i Irudc mai ban be cita em.

3,18

0,89

11. Tm cam Ihay xau hd khi bg mc Irach mang em Irudc m^l ban be.

3,32

0,88

12 Tm mudn bg me ihira nhan va ton trgng nhirng ngudi ban ma em d3

chgn.

3.33

0,71

13. lim Ihich duge bd mc hav thay cd khen trudc mill ban he.

2,98

0.88

14. liirgc ban be danh gia cao la niem mong muon ctia em.

3,28

0.77

3,18

0J5

Dicm trung hinh loan Ihang du

Phan Ion hpc sinh deu muon bo me tin tutjng \ao vice chpn ban va k^l
ban cua ban than (DTB = 3.55 - dirng vj tri thir nhat trong loan thang do). Ban
be doi v(Vi hpe sinh TIICS la doi tuong dc eac em thoa man nhu eau lu lap cCia
minh. btri vi. ban be la nhu'ng nguai de eac em lam sy. chia se nhiing chuyen
tham kin va la nhung nguai dc cac em de the hicn, de bay to va khong hh bi
ngan cam hay bi phan doi \iec the hicn tinh nguai ItVn ciia minh. Vi vay. phan

km eae em mong muon bo mc thay doi each irng xii: muon bo mp cho phep ly
chpn ban \a kcl ban theo y thich (DTB ^ 3,18); dong thtri muon bt> me thira
nhan va ton trpng nhu'ng nguoi ban ma em da chpn (DTB = 3.33).
88

TAPCHITAMLVHOC, S6 1 (214), I -2017


vu
^
u hMudn thudna true d i u a tudi nay. ngay ca khi a nha. cac
Nhu cau CO ban be luon thumig _
_^^._^ ^^^ ^. .^, ^^^
em cung mudn cd ban de lam sy. de tro cnuyen. v ^ .
Ia; mudn bd me cho phep mdi' ban bd cua minh ve nha c h o . B T B
3.48) va
ngav ea khi o trudng cac cm cung muon tham gia vao cac cau '^'^ bp do nha
truimg td chuc dd duoc giao lmi nhidu han vol ban be va d u p c the h e n s a
mrdng ctia minh (DTB = 3.34). Cd thd ndi. ddi vdi hpc sinh I H C S . day la mpt
nhu ciu va mong mudn rit Idn cua cae em. thd hidn ro net dac trung lam h cua
lua tudi nay. dd la duoc quan he. dupc giap luu v di ban be nhidu hom. dong thoi
dd la sy the hicn va khSng djnh ca tinh. sd trudng ridng cua minh. m u d n ca tinh
va sd truimg ciia minh dupc ban be bidt den \ a thua nhan.
Hpc sinh THCS cung rit quan tam ddn sy danh gia ciia n g u d i Idm va ban
be. Sy danh gia lir phia ngudi khae sc giup cac em bidt minh d u p e nhin nhan
nhu thd nao trong mat mpi ngudi, minh cd thyc sy gidi giang ehua, minh da
thyc sy thanh cdng chua va minh da thyc sy la n g u d i Ion trong mat mpi ngudi
chua. Do vav. sy danh gia eao cua mpi ngudi se giup hpc sinh TTICS cam thay
minh ty lin hon va ngudi Idn hom; " D u a c ban bd danh gia cao la nidm m a u d c
ciia cm" (DTB

3.28) va "Thich dupc bd m c va thay co khen trude mat ban
be" (DT'B = 2.98) Didu nay lai khang dinh nhu cau va m o n g m u d n IiVn nhat
cua da sd hpc sinh TI ICS hidn nay la dupc ban bd thira nhan va tdn trpng chinh
la da khing dinb dupc gia Irj tdt dep ma cac em da cd gang rdn luyen ed d u p c .
DSc bidt cac em nhan thirc dupc gia trj cua tinh ban va y thuc d u p c
minh da Idn ndn cd quydn ty quydt djnh cho n h u n g mdi quan be cua minh vdi
ban be. cae em khdng mudn bd mc can thiep qua sau vao mdi quan be cua cae
cm; "Khdng hai Idng khi bd me theo ddi cudc ndi chuydn cua em vdi ban b e "
(DT B =3.18) hay "Khdng dupe ty do khi tidp ban ma cd bd hay m e ngdi canh"
(DTB ^ 3.11). Kdl qua nay eho thay. hpc sinh ludn mudn cd mot khoang khdng
gian ridng cho mdi quan he vdi ban be. d dd. eae em sc dupc Ihda sue thd hien
minh. dupc ndi chuven. dupc tam su thoai mai vdi ban be. Ndu nhu bd mc cd
nhirng cu chi theo ddi cupc giao tidp cua em vdi ban be hoac ngdi bdn canh cac
em se lam cho eae em cam thay gd bd. khdng dupc thoai mai. khdng ly tin.
Su tu lin trudc ban be cung la veu td dd cac em thd hicn minh da ldn
trong mat ban be. vi thd ehi can bd mc traeh m i n g cae em trudc mat ban be
(DTB ^ 3.32) hav cd nhttng cu chi chain sde cae em kidu nhu con nit trudc mat
ban be ( D l B 3.18) cung dti dd cac cm cam thay minh bi m i l mai. xiu hd va
cam thiv nhu mai co hpi dd the hidn sy irudng thanh cua ban than.
Budc vao lua ludi hpc sinh THCS. mdi quan he vdi ban be mang mau
s i c mdi bon so vdi giai doan trudc dd. cac cm mong mudn minh dupc phep lu
td chuc giao luu vdi ban be (DTB - 2.75). Sy p h i n bidt gidi tinh trong moi
quan he vdi ban be bat dau he Id va ngay cang ro net. do dd cac ctm khdng

TAPCHiTAMTVHOC.Sdl (214). 1 - 2 0 1 7

X9


mudn bd me ngan cam co ban khae gidi (DTB 2.77). Mac dii nhOmg bieu

hidn nav chi d mire didm irung binh nhung viin dat d muc dicm trdn trung vj.
do vay day cung la mdt nhu cau nil thyc cua lira tudi hpc sinh 11 ICS I ,ic em
ludn mong mudn dupe bd me cho phep cd ban. dupe giao luu vai ban be va
dac biel la khdng mudn bd mc ngan cam ed ban khac gidi. Cbinb mdi quan hi;
vdi cac ban khac gidi da mang ddn eho lua luoi nav' mpt Mic thai mdi. I ii>
nhien. linh ban khac gidi ddi vdi cac em chi la nhimg bidu hidn rat trong .sang,
cac cm thutmg ed gang thd hidn nhung uu didm eua minh. chu v den nhung
each di dimg. ndi cudi cua ban than khi cd mat ban khac gidi.
4. Ket luan va kien nghj
Nhu ciiu tu lap cua hpc sinh THCS bidu hidn d mue dp cao. Irons dd
nhu cau ty lap trong mdi quan he vdi ban be bidu hidn rd net nhat. tidp ilcn la
nhu cau ty lap trong hpc tap va cudi cimg la nhu ciiu ty lap Irong sinh hoai
hang ngav'. Kdt qua nghidn cuu nay chirng Id nhu ciiu ty liip hi mpi mong mudn
rat manh dd thd hidn tinh nguiri Idn cua lua ludi hpe sinh IT ICS.
De phat huy va ren luvcn tinh ty lap trd thanh mot gia tri nhiin each d
hpc sinh THCS. gitip cac cm ihich ung va irng phd dupc eae tinh hudng bat
ngd nay sinh trong cudc sdng. chiing tdi xin dua ra mot sd kien nghj sau
4.1, Ddi viri nhd triri'rng
- Phd bidn rdng rai phuimg phap giao due ehii ddng dd hpc sinh ly lap
irong hpc tap, ty chii trong tu duy, dam suy nghT va dam chju traeh nhidm vd
nhirng chpn lya cua minh trong mdi quan he vdi ban be.
- Dua hpe sinh vao eac boat ddng lap the, hudng dan cac em sir dung
nhttng khii nang cua minh dd hoan Ihiinh nhidm vu mpt each tich eye va ly chii.
Idn irpng sy lya chpn cua ciie cm trong nhan thire va trong mdi quan
he vdi ban be; Kidn tri kidm soiii. nhac nhd. giao traeh nhidm cho hpc sinh
trong tung cdng vice eu the va cd thai dp khuydn khich. khen ngpi ddi vdi
nhttng hiinh vi ty lap Irong ciic edng v idc dupe giao.
4.2. Ddi vol gia tfinh
- Cha me tdn trpng tinh ty lap va quydn binh dang cua con cai; Tao mdi
trudng va hoan eanh thich hop dd con ed ca hdi Ihd hidn linh ty lap; Cho phep

eon cai dupe thir nghiem cac gidi ban bang each kham pha mdi truimg xung
quanh de con ly lay sang kidn. tim phuang phap giai quyel va ly rut ra kdt luan
cho minh. ddng thdi tao cho con co hdi de hpc hdi va trudng Ihanh.
- Hay giao vice va lao dieu kidn eho con lam chii hoai dpng. ty ra quvdt
djnh dd giiip con kham pha nhttng kha nSng cua minh.

90

TAPCHiTAMTVHOCSd I (214), 1 -2017


-1 luane dan dc* eon cai ly phuc \v dupe nhimg nhu cau ca nhiin cua minh.
- Cha me chu \ den anh huong cua ban be doi vtVi con: Can quan tam.
tro chu\cn. ph6 bien 'ki6n thiirc. giang giai kip thai den giao due gitVi linh cung
nhu khuy6n khich con kk ban voi nhirng em the hicn tinh ly lap ro rci irong
hpe tap \ a trong cupc song.
- Hinh thanh thai dp dung dan ciia cha mc \ai nhu eau ly lap. tranh thai
dt) eoi nht; kha nang ly lap cua eon.
- (Jan giii con dc hicu con sau sac lha> vi lue nao cijng ben eon dc nhac
nhtr ha\ xet net ctm; Min truong an loan eha mc danh eho con chinh la de ctm
dupe ty lap dutVi sy "giam sat kheo \eo" ciia eha mc (giam sal khting phai la
xam pham doi song rieng lu ciia eon ma giam sat kheo leo de biel eon di dau.
lam gi \ a co nhirng moi quan he vai ban be nao...).
- Hinh thanh va phat huy linh ty lap la nhijng butjc can ban dc \i\\ dyng
nen tang ky nSng song cho tre. Chinh nhirng hoat dong ly lap ciia tre dutVi sy
giam sal va khuyen khich eiia nguoi Urn sC giiip hpc sinh THCS phat trien
thanh nhu'ng k\ nang sting sau nay.
Tai lieu tham khao
I. I.X. Con. Tdm Iv hoc thanh niHn. \X11 Tre thanh phti 116 Chi Minh. 1987.
2 Tran Fhi Cam, Tdm ly tre vd gido due trong gia dinh. NXB Phu niJ. 2005.

? Nuuyen Due Thac. Cdch irng xir vdi ddng lien ma hgc sinh trung hgc I Id Ndi. Tap
chi iaml> hpc, S6 4'2003.
4. \ \' Pcinnski. Tdm ly hoc lira tudi vd Tdm l\ hoc sir pham (Tap 1. Tap 2). \ X H
Giao due. 1982.
5 Pham Tat Dong (Chii bien). \i:Li\cn Quang Uan. \ g u \ c n Hai Khoat, Tdm ly hoc
dai cirang. NXB Iht^ng ke I la N6i. 2003.

TAPCHITAMLyHOC, S.M (214), 1 -2017