Nhu cầu việc làm của người nông dân vùng đô thị hoá ở hà nội

NHU CAU VIEC L A M CUA NONG DAN
VUNG DO THI HOA 6 H A NOI
PGS.TS. Nguyen Hiiu Thii
Khoa Tdm Iv luii. TrUdng Dgi hoc Khoa hoc Xi hgi & Nhan van.

T O M TAT
Do thi hda dd dang diin ra vdi mat tdc dg nhanh chua li'lng co a Viet Nam ndi
chung vd dcdi thdnh phd ldn ndi rieng. trong dd co Ihu do Ha Ngi Ben canh nhimg
Igi ich do do thi hoa mang Igi Ihi hgu qua cua nd Id dien lieh ddt sdn Midi nong
nghiep vimg ngoui lhanh iigdv cdng ht thu hep, ngUai nong ddn khong cd viec ldm
hogc bugc phdi thay ddi cong viec truyen thdng ra nhil can viei Idm li d lhanh vdn de
cdp thiei ciia ho. Bdi viei ndy se di sdu phan tich thuc trgng viec Idm vd nhu cdu viec
Idm ciia nang ddn vimg do thi hda d Hd Ngi, cdc mdi bieu hien i lia nhu cdu viec Idm.
Tren ca .sd dd dua ra mgt sd hien phdp tdm ly - gido due nhdm ddp I'mg nhu cdu viec
Idm cho nong ddn vimg do tin hda.
T i khoa: Nhu can: Viec Idm vd nhu cdu vie< Idm ciia nong ddn vimg do tin hda.
Ngdy nhdn hdi: 14/1/2013; Ngdy duyel dang hdi: 25/2/2013.

1. D a t v a n dd
Ha Ndi la trung tam chinh tri, kinh le. van hda, xa hdi. la thu dd - trai
tim c i a ca nude. Trong nhiing nam gan day, dac biet t i nam 2008, dien tich c i a
Ha Ndi khdng n g i n g dupe md rpng, qua trinh dd thi hda didn ra vdi mpt tdc dp,
qui md ldn chua tung cd. Hau qua c i a qua trinh nay la dien tich dat san xua't
ndng nghiep vung ngoiii thanh ngay cang bi thu hep. Ngudi ndng dan bi ma't
da't eanh tac, bi mat viec lam, trd ndn that nghiep, hiinh p h i c gia dinh c i a hp bi
de doa, nhieu te nan xa hdi xuat hien lam ilnh hudng nghiem trpng tdi trat tu,
an ninh, qudc phdng d dia phuong. Nghidn cuu nhu cau viec lam c i a ndng dan
v i n g dd thi hda cd y nghia ly luan va thyc tidn het s i c quan trpng trong bdi
canh phat tridn hien nay. Kel qua nghien c i u se chi ra thuc triing viec lam, nhu
cSu viec lam c i a ndng dan v i n g dd thi hda P Ha Ndi, trdn c o sd dd dua ra mdt
sd bien phap tam ly - giao due g i i p cho cae nha hoach dinh chinh saeh, chinh

quydn thanh phd, chinh quyen cae dia phucmg dua ra cae chinh sach phu hpp,
gdp phSn tang cudng viec lam, e o hdi viec lam g i i p ndng dan dn dinh cupc
sd'ng va tang cudng nidm tin cua hp vao Dang, che dd.

12

TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013


Dia ban nghien ciiu (dugc lira chgn ngSu nhien) la ba huyen ngoai thanh
Ha Ngi - noi da va dang didn ra qua trinh dd ihi hda he't siic manh me, dd lahuydn Tir Liem, huyen Ddng Anh va huydn Hoai Diic. Khach the nghidn ciiu
gdm 849 ngudi, trong dd cd 811 ndng dan va 38 can bd xa (chu tich UBND, bi
thu Dang iiy va dai dien cac ban, cac td chiic xa hgi). Khao sat thuc lidn dugc
lien hanh ttr thang 4 nam 2011 ddn thang 4 nam 2012. Cae phuong phap dugc
sii dung trong nghidn ciiu bao gdm: phuong phap phSn tich tai heu, van ban;
phuong phap quan sal; phuong phap didu tra vidt bang bang hdi; phuong phap
phdng van sSu; phan tfch chan dung tSm ly di^n hinh; phuong phap chuyen gia.
Cae kd't qua khao sat thuc lidn duge xii ly bang ph^n m^m thd'ng ke loan hoc
SPSS phidn ban 16.0.
Cac items eiia tirng cau hdi cd ba phuong an tra ldi, iing vdi I, 2 va 3
diem. Ve dinh lucmg, nhu e^u vide lam cua ndng dan vung dd thi hda dugc
danh gia theo 3 miic nhu sau: cao tii 1,0 den 1,66, trung binh tir 1,67 den 2,32
va tha'p tir 2,33 dd'n 3,0.
Trong nghien ciiu nay, chung tdi hieu nhu cdu Id nhCfng mong mudn, doi
hoi ctia con ngudi cdn difcfc thoa man de ton tai vd phdt trien vfiti ttf cdch Id
ihdnh vien trong xd h(}i. Nhu cau la ngudn gdc ciia tinh ti'ch cue, la yeu td quyet
dinh ddng ccf, muc dich hanh ddng ciia con ngudi. Khac vdi con vat, nhu cau
ciia con ngudi ludn chiia dung ndi dung xa hdi sau sac va dugc hp y thiic mdt
each ro rang.
Vide lam dugc hieu la: "Moi hogt dgng lao dong tgo ra ngudn thu nhgp

khdng hi phdp litdi ngdn cam deu dift/c thifa nhdn Id viec ldm" (Dieu 13 ciia Bg
luat Lao ddng, Hien phap Nude Cgng hoa Xa hdi Chii NghTa Viet Nam). Vdi
each hieu nay, vide lam dugc hi^u mpt each rdng nha't, bao gdm nhiing cdng
vide phiic tap ddi hdi nhiing tri thiic, kT nang can thiel ihdng qua dao lao va ca
nhirng lao ddng don gian, phd thdng khdng qua dao tao. Quan niem nay ve viee
lam giiip chting ldi xem xet, nghidn eiiu duge loan bd eac edng viec ma ngudi
dan VLing dd thi hda d Ha Ndi dang lam va mong mudn lam.
Nhu cdu viec ldm duac hieu Id nhifng mong muf'm. doi hdi ciia con ngifdi
ve nhtl'ng viec ldm cii the de cv dittrc lint iilmp chinh ddng. cdn diff/c thod mdn
de ton tgi vd phdt trien nhu mol thdnh vien tich ci/c trong .xd hpi. Vdi each hid'u
nay, chiing tdi mudn nha'n manh nhu c5u vide lam khdng don gian chi la hien
tugng tam ly gan lien vdi nhan each, vdi nhdm xa hdi ma cdn la va'n de ciia luat
hgc, xa hdi hpc va trid't hoc lien quan true tidp tdi su tdn tai va phat trien ciia
con ngudi trong xa hdi.
2. Thuc trang nhu cau viec lam cua ndng dan vung do thi hda d Ha Noi
De lam rd duge thuc trang nhu eau viec lam ciia ndng dan viing dd thi
hda, trudc het cSn lam rd thuc trang viec lam cua hg hien nay. Trong nghien
TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013

13


ciu nay, thuc trang viec lam eua ndng dan vung dd thi hda d Ha Npi dupe dieu
tra theo cac tidu chi sau: (1) da cd viec lam hay dang tim kiem viee lam; (2)
loai cdng vide dang lam; (3) thdi gian lam vide va thu nhap cd dupe t i viec lam;
(4) mic dp ydn tam vdi ePng viee.
2.1. Thuc trang viec ldm cua nong ddn vdng do thi hoa aHd Ngi
Sd lupng ngudi dang cd viec lam va dia diem lam viec la mpt trong
nhung lieu chi quan trpng danh gia vide lam va sir thda man viec lam cua ndng
dan vung dd thi hda d Ha Ndi. Didu nay anh hudng ra't Idn tdi nhu cSu vide lam

cia hp. Ke't qua nghien euu duoc the hien d bang 1 sau:
Bdng I: Thifc trgng viet Idm ctia nong ddn the hien
qua sd lugng vd dia diem vice Idm
Noi
dung

Tieu chi

Huai Die
SL

Don ? Anh
SL

Tir Liem
SL

Tong mau
SL

%

%

%

%

Tmh
trang

viec lam

Da CO viec lam

203

41,9

148

30,5

134

27.6

485

63,7

Dang
lam

84

30.4

71

25,7

121

43.8

276

36,3

Dia
difi'm
viec lam

Dia phuang

147

31,6

170

36,6

148

31.8

456

79,2

Dia phuang khac

44

51,2

15

17.4

27

31.4

86

14,7

Thanh pho

10

27,8

6

16,7

20

55.6

36

6,1

tim

viec

Bang 1 cho thay, sd ngudi dang ed vide lam d cac vung dd thi hda 6 Ha
Ndi hien nay la 63,7%, sd ngudi dang tim kiem viec lam 36,3%. Trong sd
ngudi da ed viec lam thi ngudi lam vide tai dia phuong la nhieu nhat vdi 79,2%,
sd ngudi lam viec tai dia phuang khac la 14,7% va ehi cd 6,1% la lam viec tai
thanh phd. Ndu so sanh giua cae huyen tren dia ban nghien ciu thi ty le ndng
dan huyen Hoai Die cd viee lam cao hon Ddng Anh va Tu Lidm (41,9%,
30,5% va 27,6%). Nguyen nhin la do, thi nha't, ngudi ndng dan cd y thue tim
viee lam; thi hai, chi'nh quyen huyen Hoai Due da td chic td't hon viec thu hdi
da't va tiio viee lam eho ngudi ndng dan.
Viee lam cua ndng dan tiii eac vung dd thi hda hien nay rat phong phi,
da dang. Dua trdn tinh chat eua viee lam cd the chia ra lam 8 nhdm vide lam CO
ban sau: lao ddng ndng nghidp; hio ddng cdng nghiep; dieh vu san xua't ndng
nghiep; lao ddng thuong mill - dich vu; lieu thi edng nghiep; cdng chic vien
chic nha nude; nhan vien van phdng tai cac doanh nghiep, td chuc kinh te, xa
hpi; xua't khau lao ddng. Dd lien so sanh cac nhdm viec lam tren theo thdi gian
(trudc, trong va sau) qua trinh dd thi hda, cac viec lam cua ndng dan lai duoc

14

TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3-2013


ching tdi nhdm lai theo eac dac didm sau: cdng viec vdn ed; edng viec mdi;
cdng vide dang lam; cdng viee ed the lam; edng vide mud'n lam. Ke't qua nghien
ciu dupe the hien lai bang 2 dudi day.
Bdng 2: Thilc trgng viee Idm ciia ndng ddn the hien
qua cdc nhdm viee ldm vd dgc diem viec Idm
TT
1

2

3

4

5

6

Nhom
cdng viec
Lao d6ng
n6ng
nghiep
Lao dOng
cOng
nghiep

C6ng viec
1

Dac diem viec lam
2
4
3

Lam nOng

86,8

2,4

2,5

0,7

5
3.6

Chan nuOi

82,9

7,9

2.9

2.4

2.0

Tr6ng trot

81,5

5.2

5.5

1.5

2.0

9.2

7,3

COng nhan tai cac Ichu c6ng
nghiep

18,9

50,3

8,6

Thg han, thg tien

20,0

62,1

3,5

8,3

2.3

Tha sita may moc

20,9

60,0

6.5

7,7

4,2

Dich vu
.san xua't
nOng
nghiep

Cung cap cac loai giO'ng vat
nuOi cay trdng

41,7

34.0

11.2

9.0

3.2

Cung ea'p phan bon thuo'c bao
ve thuc vat

54,0

24.8

9.0

10.8

1,4

Che bie'n thuc ph^m

19,0

45,2

8.0

15,0

12,6

Lao dOng
thuang
mai, dich
vu

Dai ly ba't dOng san

12,1

68,5

5.4

9,6

3.0

Chu nha Iro

11,2

37,4

17,5

22,9

4,3

Budn ban, kinh doanh

20,9

26,8

11.1

22,4

9.2

Tieu thil
c6ng
nghiep

Lam dd g6

26,1

55,5

8.6

6,2

3.0

Ngh6 may tre

14,1

51,4

i0,6

9.2

14.4

Ngh^ truyen tho'ng cua dia
phuong

28,8

18,0

10,8

18,3

24,1

Dang

48,4

28.2

16.2

3.7

3.2

Chinh quyen

48,1

26,2

19,0

4,7

2.0

Doan th^

Cong chiic
vien chiic
nha nude

49,5

24.4

17,5

5,4

2.7

7

Nhan vien van phong tai cac doanh nghiep, td
chirc kinh te', xa hOi

35,8

29.1

6,0

11.2

17,9

8

Xuat khau lao d6ng

13.5

32,2

7,4

16.3

27,7

Ghi chir. 1- Cdng viec vdn co: 2- Cong viec mdi; 3- Cong viec dang lam; 4- Cong i
ldm; 5- Cong viec mud'n ldm.

TAP CHI'TAM L t HOC. Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2 0 1 3


Biing 2 cho tha'y, viec lam san xua't ndng nghiep truydn thd'ng eua ndng
dan vung dd thi hda van chidm ti le rat ldn, cu the la: lam ndng nghiep (86,8%),
chan nudi (82,9%) va trdng trpt (81,5%). Trong khi dd, viec lam ndng nghiep
dang lam va mong mud'n lam chiem ti 16 rat nhd (2,5% va 3,6%), tuy nhidn sd
ndng dan mong mudn lam viec ndng nghiep truydn thd'ng cao hon sd ngudi
dang lam. Didu nay ed the giiii thi'ch rang vide lam ndng nghiep truydn thdng
da trd thanh Idi sd'ng in dam vao tam tri, trd thanh thdi quen khdng dd t i bd dd'i
vdi ho. Ndng dan vung dd thi hda d Ha Npi hien nay dang lam cdng viec trdng
trot nhieu hon chiin nudi va san xuii't nPng nghiep (5,5% so vdi 2,9% va 2,5%).
Ket quii nhan dupe cho phep khiing dinh chinh sach thu hdi da't cia Nha nude
da lam cho dien tich da't canh lac ndng nghiep bi thu hep, bupc ngudi ndng dan
phai ehuydn din t i san xua't lia truydn thd'ng sang trdng rau xanh, ciy an qua
hoac chan nudi. Theo ndng dan, nhidu vide lam mdi dupe tao ra d dia phuong
dac biet la lao dpng cPng nghiep nhu thp han, thp tien (62,1%); sia ehia may
mdc (60,0%) va cdng nhan lai cac khu edng nghidp (50,3%). Tuy nhien, trong
sd ngudi dang ed viec lam thi sd ndng dan lao dpng cdng nghiep khdng nhidu,
cu the la; edng nhan tiii cac khu cdng nghiep (8,6%), thp sua may mdc 6,5% va
thp han, thp lien (3,5%). Nhu vay ro rang day la mpt mau thuin. till sao cdng

vide mdi xua't hien nhidu d dia phuong, ndng dan cd nhu can dd'i vdi cac cdng
viee dd ma it ndng dan dupe lam cac edng viee nay. NguyC-n nhan ed the do
linh tich cue, chu dpng cia ndng dan, trinh do va nang lire cia hp chua dap ing
yeu ciu tuyen dung hoac chinh quydn dia phupng, doanh nghiep thue hien chua
lot ehinh sach cia Nha nude, thanh phd vd tao viec lam cho ndng din.
Thu nhap cd duoc t i viec lam la ye'u to cP biin quye't dinh sir gan bd lau
dai, su thda man hay khdng thda man dd'i vdi cdng viec cua ndng dan ving dd
thi hda. Day la ydu td quan trpng qui dinh viec tim kiem viee lam mdi (hay
khong) eua ho. Ket qua nghien ciu vd thu nhap cho thay, ed hon nua (61,3%)
sd ngudi ed viec lam hien nay ed thu nhap cd the nudi duoc ban than, nhung
khi phan tich sau hon cho thay trong sd nay chi cd 34.4''; dam bao hoan toan
nudi dupe ban than, cdn 26,7% khdng nudi dupe biin than. Nhu vay, cd thd ndi
sd ngudi cd viec lam hien nay tai cac vung dd thi hda d Ha Ndi cd thu nhap rat
tha'p, khdng d i trang trai cho ban thin va gia dinh. Didu nay da lam cho cupc
sdng cia gia dinh hp khong dn dinh, hp khdng ydn tim vdi cdng viee dang lam
va cd nhu eiiu tim kiem viec lam mdi.
Thdi gian lam viec la mpt Irong nhung chi sd quan trpng danh gia viec
lam eua nong dan ving dd thi hda d Hit Ndi. Theo luat dinh, lam viec du thdi
gian la lam viec vdi 8 tieng/ngiiy va 5 ngay trong tuan. Ne'u ngudi ndng dan
lam di thdi gian thi ed the ho cd thu nhap dn dinh, bao dam cudc sd'ng, t i dd
gan bd lau dai vdi cdng viec. Khi lam viec khdng du thdi gian, ddng nghia vdi
viee thu nhap khdng dn dinh, lam cho ngudi ndng dan cd nhu cau lam thdm
hoac tim kiem viec lam khae. Ke't qua nghien ciu eho thay, trong sd ndng dan

TAP CHiTAM LV HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013


dang cd viec lam thi thdi gian lam viec trong ngay ciia hg cijng hdt siic khac
nhau, CLi the: cd 20,7% ndng dAn thudng xuyen lam viec tren 8 gid/ngay;
45,6% ndng dan thudng xuydn cd viee lam vdi thdi gian 8 gid/ngay va 34,7%

ndng dan lam vide dudi 8 gid/ngay. Trong sd dd cd 20,1% ndng dan lam vide
dii 5 ngay trong tufin va 16,1% ndng dan lam vide theo thdi vii.
Miic do ydn tam vdi cdng vide dang lam ciia ndng dan cd anh hudng
khdng nhd tdi nhu c^u viec lam ciia hg. Neu tinh chat va cac didu kidn ciia vide
lam phu hgp vdi nang luc, sd thich va nhu ciu, dgng co ciia ngudi ndng dAn se
lam cho hg yen Uim vdi cdng vide dang lam. Cdng viec dang lam khdng hoac I'l
phil hgp, ho se khdng yen tam, lir dd xua'l hidn nhu cau lim kidm cdng viec mdi
phu hgp hon. Ke't qua nghidn ciiu cho thay; 46,9% ndng dan dang cd vide lam
hidn nity ydn tam vdi cdng vide dang lam vl phii hgp vdi siic khde, kha nang va
sd thich ciia hg; cd 53,1% ndng dan khdng yen tam vdi edng viec, mong mudn
tim kiem viee khac hoac mudn chuyen ngay cdng viec khac vi cdng vide dang
lam khdng phCi hgp. Cd the ndi, ehi ed gan mdt niia sd ndng dan vung dd thi
hda d Ha Ndi dang cd vide lam hidn nay la ydn tam vdi cdng vide dang lam, so
cdn lai cd nhu cau, mong mudn tim kiem vide lam khac.
Nhu vay, thuc trang vide lam eiia ndng dan vung dd Ihi hda d Ha Ndi
hidn nay cho thay gan 2/3 ndng dan da cd vide lam. Tuy nhidn, trong so nhirng
ngudi cd vide lam hien nay thi phan ldn chua thda man vdi cdng viec, mud'n tim
kiem vide khac do nhidu yd'u td chii quan va khach quan. Cac cdng vide ngudi
ndng dan dang lam chii ye'u van la lao ddng san xua't ndng nghiep truyen thd'ng.
Sd lugng vide lam mdi do qua trinh dd thi hda tao ra nhu: lao ddng cdng
nghiep, lao ddng thucfng mai, djch vu va xuat khau lao ddng. Ngudi ndng dan
cd nhu cau cao ddi vdi cac cdng viec; xuat khsiu lao ddng; lam nghe truydn
thdng eiia dia phuong va lam nhan vidn van phdng lai cac doanh nghidp, id
chiic kinh te, xa hdi.
2.2. Nhu cdu viec ldm cua ngudi nong ddn the hien qua nhdn thdc
Nhu cau viec lam la nhu cau xa hdi, nhu cau bac cao cua con ngudi, vi
the nhan thiic la mdt trong nhiing mat bieu hien quan trgng ciia nhu cau nay.
Mud'n cd nhu c^u vide lam, trudc het ndng dan can nhan thtic dugc y nghia, tam
quan trgng eua viee lam ddi vdi Nha nude, dia phuong va ngudi ndng dan vung
dd thi hda. Kd't qua nghien ciiu dugc the hidn d bang 3.

Biing 3 cho tha'y ndng dan viing dd thi hda da nhan thiie dugc y nghfa,
tam quan trgng cila vide lam ddi vdi Nha nude, dia phuong, gia dinh va ca nhan
hp. Cac gia Iri cdt ldi cua viec lam da dugc ndng dan nhan thiic, danh gia cu the
nhu sau: Vi trf thii nha't la, Igi ich ciia viec lam gdp phan phat tridn kmh te, dam
bao an ninh qudc phdng eho qudc gia (DTB = 1,08, vdi dd Idch chuan 0,29); Vi
tri thii hai la, vide lam gitip cd thu nhap chinh dang dam bao hanh phiic gia
dinh va ca nhan (DTB = 1,15 vdi do lech chan la 0,42); Vi tri thii ba la gdp
TAPCHITAMLyHOCSd 3 (168), 3-2013

17


phiin giiim thieu cac Id nan xa hdi va dam bao an ninh, trat tu d dia phuong
(DTB = 1, 19 vdi do lech chuyin 0,40); Vi tri thii tu la, dam bao cho sir phat trien
ea nhan cua mdi ngudi (DTB = 1,25 vdi do lech chu^n 0,53). Ndng dan khdng
chi nhan ihiic ve loi I'ch ciia vide lam ddi vdi ea nhan, gia dinh, xa hdi ma cdn
ve nhiing hau qua nghiem trgng khi that nghiep hoac thieu viec lam. Khi dugc
[ihnng van, chi N.T.A. thdn Mc Tii Thugng, xii Md tri, huyen Tir Liem cho bidt:
•7)(' itncii vice ldm, thdt nghiep. m<}t sd khdng nhd lhanh nien ircmg than dd leu
ldng. ( hoi hi'fi vd trhpi khde. \i'ia qua cdng an huyen da eho mol sf") con nghien di vdo trgt gido
dudng so S. khi lif trgi trd ve gia dinh. ngid'fi thdn ht) vui ldm, vi tin Id hp dd
thay ddi. Nhtfng ehi mdy ihdng do khf'mg cr; diff/c vie( ldm. klwng cf) .\u Irc/
giiip kip tluyi eiia chinh quyen dia phito'ng, lip lai ir<'f lai did'/ng in. tinh cdnh
nhd hp hi ddt idm"
Bdng 3: Nhii edit vice ldm eua iwng ddn the hien
qua nlign thifc ve y nghTa. tdm quan ircmg et'ia viee idm
TT

Y lighia, tam quan trong

0TB

1)6 Icch
chuan

Thi
bac

1

Vice lam gop phdn phat tuen kinh te', d;im bao an
ninh quoc phong cho qudc gia

1.08

0.29

1

3

Viec liim giiip CO thu nhap chinh diing diim biio
hanh phiic ca nhan va gia dinh

1.1.S

0.42

2

2

Viec lam gop phan giam thieu cac te nan xii h6i va
diim bao an nmh trilt tu a dia phuong

1.19

0.40

3

4 . Viec lam diim bao cho su phiit Irien cua biin than
moi ngiri^fi

1.2.1

0.53

4

Chii thick Rdt dimg: 1.0 diem: Dimg- 2.0 diem va Khong diing. 3.0 diem.

Khdng chi ndng dan ma chinh quyen dia phuong cung da nhan thic rd
duoc van de quan trpng eua viec liim ddi vdi dia phuang. Khi duoc phdng van,
dng N.V.T., chu tich UBND x;l VTnh Ngoc. huyen Ddng Anh cho biet "Xd ldi
linrude nav vdn dugc huyen ddnh i^id Id .\d ngheo, ndng ddn trong .\d sdng ehii
yen nhd ldm riigng. Hten nay nhieu du dn < lia thdnh phd dang dugc Irien khai,
dien lieh ddt .sdn xudt eiia nong ddn ngdy cdng thu hep. trong khi dd, sd nhdn
khdu ciia .vu Igt tdng mdi ndm n't 1% - 29}. vj the viec Idm ddi vdi ndng ddn

irong xd quan trgng ldm. Hten nay li le that nghiep trong .\d khd eao, ddc biet
Id thanh men mdi Idn, hg khdt viec Idm ldm. Cluing ldi ludn mong doanh
nghiep vd huyen tgo nhieu viec Idm. ca hgi viec Idm hon eho ndng ddn trong

TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC. Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013


Nhu vay, cd the ndi ngudi dan da nhan thic dupe ve y nghia, iSm quan
trpng cia viee lam dd'i vdi ban than va gia dinh hp. Didu nay thd hidn nhu cau
viec lam cua ndng dan bi^u hidn ve mat nhan thic d mic dd cao.
2.3. Nhu cdu viec ldm cua ngudi nong vung do thi hda d Hd Ndi the
hien qua ddi tucmg (viec lam) hudng tdi
Dd'i tupng hudng tdi cia nhu e^u vide lam la cac cdng viec vdi nhung
dac didm, tinh chat cti the ma ndng dan mud'n cd dupe. Vide lam ngudi ndng
dan ving dd thi hda hudng tdi he't sic phong phi, da dang, didu nay phan anh d
bang 4 sau;
Bdng 4: Ddi lll'gng hudng ldi cua nhu can viec Idm
d ngudi ndng ddn vung do tin hda dHd Not
TT

Dac diem cong viec mong muo'n

DTB

Do lech
chuiin

Thi bac

1

Don giiin, d^ lam

1,43

2,67

3

2

Duoc dao tao

1,85

2,48

5

3

On dinh

1,07

1,89

1

4

Co the nuOi song diroc biin than va gia dinh

1.09

1.54

2

5

GSn nha

1,59

1.80

4

6

Duoc thudng xuyen dao tao, nang cao trinh do

2,25

1,92

8

7

Duoc phat trien ban than

2,07

1.94

7

8

Co bao hiem xa hoi

2,05

2,08

6

9

Dac diim khac

Glii chit: Rdt mong mud'n: 1,0 diem, Mong muon. 2,0 diem vd Khong mong muon. 3,0 diem.

Bang 4 cho thay, ngudi ndng dan vCing dd thi hda d Ha Ndi hudng ldi
cac cong vide dn dinh (DTB = 1,07 vdi do lech chuan 1,89), chiem vi tri thii'
nh^t. Nguydn nhan co ban la do, hidn nay phan ldn ndng dan vimg dd thi hda
dang phai lam nhiing edng viec khdng dn dinh, khdng du thdi gian hoac cong
vide theo thdi vu, thu nhap bap bdnh, vi vay hg mong cd dugc cdng vide dn

dinh. Vi tri thii hai la cdng vide cd the nudi sdng ban than va gia dinh (DTB 1,09 vdi dd lech ehu^n 1,54). Nguyen nhan la do ngudi ndng dan viing dd thi
hda thu nhap lir vide lam cdn tha'p, khdng dii nudi sdng ban than va gia dinh.
Cugc sdng ciia hg gap ra't nhieu khd khan, vi vay hg mong nudn cd dugc thu
nhap lir cdng vide bao dam cudc sd'ng ea nhan va gia dinh. Khi dugc phdng van,
dng T.V.A., huydn Tii Lidm cho bid'l: ''Gia dinh toi co 6 nhdn khdu bao gom

TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3-2013


bd, me gid, hai va chdng vd hai chdu, cugc sdng gia dinh phu thugc vdo hai vg
chdng chung ldi. Tdi ludn mong kiem dugc viec Idm cd thu nhdp cd the nudi
sdng gia dinh vd edn du chut it eho cdc chdu di hgc". Vi Hi t h i ba la edng vide
don gian, de lam (DTB = 1,43 vdi dd lech chuain 2,67). Nguyen nhan la do
phSn ldn ngudi ndng dan vung dd thi hda ed trinh dp van hda tha'p, khdng ed in
thic va kT nang nghe (hp lili ngai hpc nghd vi trinh dp tie'p thu cham, lai tdn
them tien va thdi gian) Vi vay, ho ludn mong mud'n tim dupe vide lam dPn
gian, de lam khdng eSn dao lao ma vJn cd thd lam dupe. Vi tri thi tu la cd dupe
vide lam gSn nha (DTB = I,.'i9 vdi dp Ideh ehuain 1,80). Nguyen nhan la do giao
thdng d Ha Npi hay bi in liic, mat dp ngudi tham gia giao thdng ddng, trong
khi dd, dudng giao thdng lai kem rSl dd xay ra tai nan vi the ho mud'n dupe lam
vide gin nha. Cdng vide glin nha cdn giip ndng dan tranh thu thdi gian lam
them dupe viec nha va tidt kiem dupe chi phi di liii. Vi tri t h i nam la edng viec
dupe dao tao (DTB = 1,85 vdi dp Idch ehuan 2,48). Thue te hien nay tai cac
vung dd thi hda Ha Ndi cd kha nhidu doanh nghiep cd nhu cau tuyen dung lao
dpng, nhung nPng dan liii khdng cd co hpi dupe tuyen, ly do don giiin vi hp
khdng cd kinh nghiem lam vide, khdng cd tay nghd phi hpp vdi yeu eau tuyen
dung cua doanh nghiep. Vi vay, hp ra't mong mud'n dupe dao tiio de ed dupe tn
thuc, lay nghe can thiel dap ing nhu cSu tuyen dung va vide lam sau nay. Khi
dupe phdng van, chi N.K.T. cho biel: "Chung ldi dd di xin viec nhieu not,
doanh nghiep cd, ca quan nhd nude ed, xudt khdu lao dgng co... tuy nhien vi

khdng ed chting chi ddo tgo nghe, khdng cd kinh nghiem, lav nghe vd khdng co
nen de quan he..., vi vdy tdi gid vdn ehua cd viee. Dieu mong mudn Idn nhdt
ciia ldi hien nay Id kidm duae cdng vice dem gidn. de Idm, dn dinh vd ed thu
nhdp".
Trong khi dd cac cdng viee cd bao hiem xa hpi, duoc phat trien ban than
va dupe thudng xuyen dao tiio nang cao trinh dd lai it dupe ndng dan mong
mud'n hon.
2.4. Nhu cdu viec Idm ciia ndng ddn vung dd thi hda d Hd Ndi the
hien qua cdc hdnh ddng de thda mdn nhu cdu cua ho
Cac hanh dpng dd thda man nhu cau vide lam eua ndng dan het sic
phong phi, da dang. Trong nghien ciu nay, chung tdi tap trung vao hai nhdm
sau day: (1) hanh ddng su dung ngudn thdng lin dd tim kiem viec lam; (2) eac
hanh dpng cu the de thda man nhu eau ctia ho.
Cach thuc su dung cac ngudn thdng tm dd tim kiem vide lam ddng vai
trd he't sic quan trpng trong qua trinh tim viec lam cua nong dan. Khi lua chpn
dupe ngudn thdng tin ding se lam tang dp tin cay, eo hdi cd dupe viee lam cia
ndng dan. Cac ngudn thdng tin ve viec lam hdt sic phong phi, da dang, tuy
nhien cd the nhdm lai vao 6 ngudn thong tin co ban dupe trinh bay d bang 5
sau:

20

TAP CHI TAM L? H(DC, Sd 3 (168), 3-2013


Bdng 5: Hdnh dpng su: dung cdc nguon thong tin
detim kiem viec ldm ciia nong ddn
TT

Cac ngu6n thong tin

Da su
dung

Mang lai ke't
qua (%)

1

Xem ti vi, nghe dai, doc bao

47,9%

10

2

De'n trung tam gidi thieu viec lam

21,6%

38,1

3

Hoi qua ngu&i than, ban be

53,3%

28,8

4

Vao cac Irang tuyen dung trfin internet

10.9'/,

11,7

5

Xem thOng tin tuyen dung cac doanh nghiep, cOng iv

20,8%

10,7

6

Qua Phong Thuang binh, lao d6ng dia phuang

17,9%

10,4

Bang 5 cho Iha'y, ndng dan da sii dung ngudn lin tir ngudi than, ban be la
nhieu nha't 53,3%; vi Iri thii hai la qua xem li vi, nghe dai, dgc bao dd tim kiem
vide lam la 47,9%; vi tri ihii ba la ddn irung tam gidi thidu viec lam 21,6%; vi
tri Ihii tu la xem cae trang web tuye'n dung tren internet 20,9%; vi tri thii nam la
xem thdng tin tuydn dung ciia cac doanh nghiep, cdng ty 20,8% va cud'i ciing la

thdng lin tii Phdng Thuong binh, lao ddng d dia phuong. Ngudi ndng dan sii
dung ngudn thdng tin qua ngudi than, ban be nhieu hcfn cac ngudn khac la do
day la hinh thiic truyen tin truyen thd'ng don gian thuan tidn, cd do tin cay va
tfnh hidu qua cao va phu hop vdi dac didm tam ly edng ddng cu dan ndng
nghiep truyen thdng trgng tinh, nhe ly ciia hg.
Kd't qua danh gia ciia ndng dan ve hidu qua eac ngudn thdng tin sii dung
trong lim kid'm vide lam eho tha'y: ngudn tin ed hieu qua cao nhat la thdng tin
lir cac trung tam gidi thieu viec lam (38,1%); vi iri thii hai la hdi qua ngudi than
va ban be (28,8%); vi Iri thii ba la vao cac trang web tuyen dung (11,7%).
Trong khi dd-, hai ngudn thdng tin: xem thdng tin tuyen dung cac doanh nghidp,
edng ty va qua Phdng Thuong binh, lao ddng dia phuong lai rai tha'p (10,7% va
10,4%). Tii ke't qua trdn cho thay, chinh quyen dia phuong edn chua Id chiic td't
vide eung cap thdng tin ve vide lam cho ndng dan.
Nhu c^u vide lam ciia ndng dan vung dd thi hda d Ha Ndi khdng chi
dugc the hidn qua nhan thtic, qua ddi tugng hudng tdi ma cdn the hidn qua cac
hanh ddng eu the de thda man nhu c^u eiia hg. Kel qua nghidn ciiu duoc the
hien d bang 6.
Bang 6 cho tha'y, cac hanh ddng ndng dan thuc hiC-n de thda man nhu
cau vide lam r^t phong phii, da dang, nhung hanh ddng ndng dan ihuc hien
nhi^u nha't la: hgc hdi kinh nghidm lii ngudi than va ban be (DTB = 1,36 vdi dd
Idch chuan 1& 0,56). Hanh ddng hoc hdi kinh nghidm tii' ngudi than, ban be la

TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3-2013

21


hanh dpng dpn gian, de thuc hien vi ngudi than, ban be la nhiing ngudi hp
thudng xuyen gap gd, trao ddi mpi va'n dd trong cupc sdng, nhung eac hanh
dpng nay liii giip hp ed the cd dupe viee lam. Khi duoc phdng va'n, chi T.T.V.,

huyen Ddng Anh cho bid't: "Toi cd dugc vin Idm Id nhd hgc hdi kinh nghiem
tim kiem vice Idm, cdch tgo ra viee Idm cho minh tit cdc cht. cdc anh Irong gia
dinh vd qua luvdn ciia hgn he ni'la. Neil ei't di tim viei Idm Iheo kieu chinh tdc
thi khd lam, ed khi hg edn, minh dii dieu kien md hg vdn khdng nhdn. Ly do dan
gidn Id Ihi trudng md, ai cd tien hg duge di Idm nude, khdng ed lien [hi ngdi dd
dgi. Sau do tdi dugc chi Idi mach hao md eiia hdng kinh doanh tgp hda the Id
tdi Idm theo". Hanh dpng lam thudng xuydn thi hai ma ndng din thudng xuydn
thuc hien la: Tan dung cac quan he xa hpi sSn cd, ti'ch cue md rpng them nhieu
quan he xa hdi mdi nham tiio ra viec lam (DTB = 1,73 vdi dp lech chuan 0,77),
Nhu vay, hanh ddng tich cue s i dung va tao dung quan he xa hpi mdi se giiip
nPng dan ed nhieu thdng tin viec lam lin cay giip ho cd dupe cp hpi viec lam
td't hon. Hanh dpng lam thudng xuydn thi ba dupe ngudi ndng din thupng
xuyen thuc hien la: Vay vdn ngan hang de dau tu .san xuat, kinh doanh (DTB =
1,81 vdi dp lech chuain 0,76). Nguyen nhan la do ngudi ndng dan vung do thi
hda d Ha Ndi cd dot sd'ng kinh te het sic khd khan, vi the de tiio viee lam thi
hanh dpng vay vdn cd y nghia het sic quan trpng. Vi du: eac cPng viec kinh
doanh, dau lu ap dung lhanh tuu khoa hoe cdng nghe lien tien vio san xua't
nong nghiep... khdng cd vdn thi khdng the thuc hien duoc. Hanh ddng lam
thudng xuydn thi tu la: Lam theo hudng dSn cia eac tai lieu duoc dang tai tren
cac phuong lien thdng tin diii ching va kinh nghiem do ban thin tich IQy duoc
(DTB = 1,98 vdi dp lech chuain 0,82). Day la hanh ddng tu tiio ra viec lam cua
ngudi ndng dan de thda man nhu eau viec lam, the hien tinh tieh cue, nang
ddng, sang tao cia ho de thich ing, hoa nhap vdi mdi Irudng dd thi hda P dia
phuong. Khi dupe phdng van, bac D.V.H., huyen Hoai Die cho biet: "NhSng
lue cd thdi gian tdt thudng vdo internet, muc hudng ddn trdng vd chdm sdc hoa,
cdy cdnh. Nhieu Imi vidt dgc xong tdi eii tu hdi tgi .sao hg Idm duge, Idm dan
gidn nhu vdy md minh khdng Idm duge. Hai ndm trude ddv ldi dd qiivdt dinh
bdt tay vdo cdng vtec, ldm theo ehi ddn edng vdi kinh nghiem eua bdn thdn, de'n
nay thu nhdp ciia gia dinh ldi khd dn dinh, mdt ndm kidm dugc khodng 200
trieu". Hanh ddng thi nam cua ndng dan la: Mua phuong tien, cdng cu lam

viec (d td, xe may, may che bie'n...) (DTB = 2,01 vdi dp lech chuan la 0,64) va
tham gia eac khoa dao tao nghe (DTB = 2,01 vdi dp lech chuiin 0,82). Mua
phuong tidn. edng eu dd tu tiio vide lam cung dupe ngudi ndng dan thuc hien
kha thudng xuydn. Ly do don gian la tim kiem viee lam trong eac co quan nha
nude, trong cac doanh nghiep tai eac khu cdng nghiep dd'i vdi hp la he't sic khd
khan. Khi dupe phdng van, anh N.X.T., huyen T i Liem eho bie't: "Liic ddu tdi
ciing di xin viee tich cue Idm, chd ndo nghe ndi dang tuyen dung Id tdi ed mat,
tham gia phdng van... Cd ndm trdi liic ndo cung td't bdt lim viec md khdng cd

22

TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013


dia/c viec ldm. Toi ve bdn vt'/i hd .Kd la vay lien mua xe con che) khdch. lite ddu
hp ehifa biet toi co xe, edng s(f khong ldm dn diff/c. Toi dd tich cifc di phdi td
rcfi, ddn c/udng cdo thong hao a cdc diem cong cong. De'n nay ed thon, cd xd
deu biet toi eo xe chd klidch. khdch lien tgc dgt xe lien tue. lite ndo eiing ed
viec ldm cd nhd tdi rdt vui"
Bdng 6: Nhu cdu vtec ldm ci'ia twng ddn difc/e the hien c/ua
cdc hdnh dpng eii ihe de thda mdn nhu cdu ciia hp
TT

Cac hanh dung

DTB

Do
lech
chuiin

Thi
bac

1

Vay von ngSn hang d^ dSu tu san xuat, kinh doanh

1,81

0,76

3

2

DSu tu v6n, cdng siic cho phiil tn^n nOng nghiep (dao ao
tha cii, nuOi tOm, xay dung chu6ng trai...)

2,24

0,72

10

3

Ma kinh doanh tai nha (nha trp, cat toe gpi dau, buon
ban tap hoa ..)

2,09

0.87

8.5

4

Mci cac dich vu (van ph6ng nha dai, karaoke, game
online...)

2,55

0.74

12

5

Mua phuang tiSn lam vide (016. xe may. miiy che bie'n...)

2,01

0,64

5.5

6

Lam thug (phu h6. giiip viec gia dinh. cham soc ngu6i

gia...)

2,05

0,77

7

7

Tham gia cac khoa dao tao nghd

2,01

0,82

5.5

8

Tham quan hoc hoi ciic di^n hinh, nen tie'n de ap dung

2,09

0,75

8,5

9

Tim ki^m cac co hPi di di xua't kh^u lao dong

2,41

0.73

11

10

Hoc hoi kinh nghidm ttr ngu6i than va ban be

1,36

0.56

1

11

Tan dung cac quan hd xa hpi san co, tich cue mo rpng
them nhieu quan hd xa hPi mdi nhiim tao ra vide lam

1,73

0,77

2

12

Lam theo hu6ng dan eua cac lai lidu dupe dang tai trdn
eac phuong lidn thPng tin dai chung va kinh nghiem do
ban than tieh luy duae

1,98

0,82

4

13

Hanh dpng khae

Cung d vi tri thi 5 la himh dpng tham gia cae khda dao tiio nghe eua
ndng dan vung dd thi hda. Khi tham gia cac Idp dao tiio nghd, co hdi viee lam
cho ngudi ndng dan rat ldn, hp se cd dupe nhung tri thie, kinh nghiem, kl nang
nghe nghiep can thidt d^ cd the xin vao cac khu cdng nghiep tai dia phuong lam
viee hoac tu tiio ra cdng vide cho ca nhan va gia dinh. Nhiin thuc (lupc van de
TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3-2013

23


nay, ndng dan da ehu dpng lim kiem, tu nguyen tham gia cac khoa dao tiio
nghe nham Ihda man nhu cilu vide lam cia hp. Khi dupe phdng van, anh
H.D.V., huyen Hoai Die cho biet: "Ndng ddn chiing tdi biet cd nhieu viee Idm
ed Ihe tgo ra thu nhdp nudi sdng bdn thdn vd gia dinh. luy nhien cdc khda ddo
tao nghe d ui ehiing tdi cung Idem Idm. Ndm 2011 cd 5 Idp. Irong dd cd I Idp

ve trdng vd ehdm sdc cdy cdnh, hoa cdnh: I li'ip nghe ea khi. I Idp hdn, I li'rp
Ihg .uiy dung vd I Idp cdt may. Thanh niiai tham gia ddng ldm. Mdi khda chi
nhdn 50 ngudi vdi thdi gian 3 ngdy. Kel qud Id phdn km sd lhanh men tham gia
cdc khda ddo tgo ndy dd cd nee. Dia phuang mong rdng Nhd nude vd thdnh
phd liep luc eho kinh phi de nui cdc khda ddo too tren"
Nhu vay, ndng dan vung do Ihi hoa d Ha Ndi da hanh ddng tich cue
nhiim lao ra viec liim hoac lim dupe viee lam thda man nhu cau viec lam cia
ho. Tuy nhien, do dieu kien kinh tc cdn khd khan, vide td chi'rc thuc hien chinh
sach lao viec lam, eP hoi vice lam cua Nhii nude, ehinh quyen thanh phd cho
ngirdi dan vung dd thi hda cdn hiin che, vl vay nhu eiiu viec lam cua ndng dan
chua dupe thda man.
2.5. Nhu cdu viec ldm ciia ngudi ndng vung dd thi hda d Hd Noi the
hien qua tdm trang
Tam trang la trang thai rung cam chu quan eua ca nhan chi phdi manh
me ddi sd'ng, hoat ddng cua con ngudi. Khi nhu ciiu viec lam cua ndng dan xuat
hidn, nd khdng ehi the hien qua nhan thic, qua hanh dpng ma edn bidu hien
qua tam trang cua ho. Kel qua nghien cuu cho tha'y, nhin chung tam trang cia
ndng dan vung dd thi hda d Ha Ndi la tich cue. Dieu nay the hien qua cac tam
tiling cu the sau- vi tri thi nhii't la vui ve, phan khdi (DTB = 1 ,fi.'i vdi dd lech
chuan la 0,72) Nguydn nhan cua tam trang nay la do dd ihi hda da lam thay ddi
ve CO ban bic tranh ve lao dpng, vice lam cia ngudi ndng din dia phuong. Mdt
sd loai hinh lao ddng, vide lam truydn thdng mat di. nhung them vao dd nhieu
loiii hinh lao ddng, viec lam mdi nhu: lao dpng edng nghiep, lao dpng dich vu
xua'l hien. Sy phong phu ve vice lam da cho nPng dan cd ca hpi viec lam nhieu
hon, ho cd the duoc lira chon viee liim - dieu ma irudc diiy chua ting cd. Dieu
nay lam eho hp cd nhu cau vii su thda man nhu cau viee lam eao hon. Khi dupe
phdng van, anh N.M.Q. cho bie't: "So ve/i trudc ddy. cdng vice hien nay a dia
phuang thay ddi nhieu Idm, neu cd si'lc khde, ndng lue thue sued the lua chgn
duac eho minh mgt cdng vice phii hifp ed thu nhdp eao ed the nudi sd'ng bdn
thdn vd gia dinh Do ed viec ldm, thu nhdp dugc ndng cao, bd eon ndng ddn

ludn cdm thdy vui ve, phdn khdi vc nhung gi md dd ihi hda mang Igi" Tam
trang thi hai la: via vui, via buon (DTB = 1,65 vdi do lech chuiin 0,66) - mic
dp ro. Nguydn nhan eua lam trang nay la do dd thi hda khdng chi mang liii ke't
qua ti'ch cue, ma edn cd nhung mill hiin che tidu cue nhu: mdt sd nong dan da bi
budc phai thay ddi viec lam hoac roi vao linh tiiing that nghiep, cac td niin xa

24

TAP CHITAM L? HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3-2013


hdi, tinh hinh an ninh trat tu d dia phuong cd nhieu phiic tap... vi vay, ndng dan
cd tam trang vii'a vui, viia budn. Tam trang thii ba la: ihoai mai, tin tudng (DTB
= 1,89 vdi do Idch chuan la 0,77). Nhu vay cd th^ ndi, nhu cau vide lam ciia
ngudi ndng dan dugc the hidn qua tam trang kha tieh cue. Nguyen nhan ciia
lam trang nay la do nhung thay ddi cac dieu kien vide lam, co hdi viec lam va
su phat tnen kinh td', van hda xa hdi d dia phuong.
Nhu vay, kd't qua nghien ciiu eho tha'y, ndng dan da nhan thiic dugc y
nghia va t^m quan trgng ciia vide lam; ho tfch cue thu Ihap thdng tin de tim
kid'm vide lam va sSn .sang hanh ddng nham thda man nhu cau ve viec iam ciia
minh. Kd't qua nghien eiiu eung khang dinh nhu cau vide lam ciia ndng dan
viing dd thi hda d Ha Ndi d miic do cao. Giua nhan thiic vd y nghTa, l^m quan
trpng ciia vide lam vdi hanh dgng nham thoa man nhu eSu vide lam eiia ndng
dan cd mdi tuong quan thuan kha chat (R = 0,47 va p < 0,01). Didu nay cd
nghia la khi nhan thiic ciia ndng dan ve y nghTa, tam quan trong ciia viec lam
cang cao thi hanh ddng nham thda man nhu eau viee lam ciia ho cang tich cue.
Trdn eo sd kd't qua nghien ciiu dugc Irinh bay d tren, cd the dua ra mdt
sd bidn phap tam ly - giao due nham tang cudng nhu eau va co hdi thda man
nhu eSu vide lam eho ndng dan viing dd thi hda d Ha Ngi sau dayTang cudng hoat ddng tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc cho ndng dan
vd y nghTa, l^m quan trong ciia viec lam va cac chinh saeh ciia Nha nude, qui

dmh ciia chinh quyen thanh phd ve viec lam, tao viec lam cho ndng dan vdng
ddlhi hda d Ha Ndi.
- Cac dia phuong e^n ket hop vdi cac doanh nghiep md cac khda dao tao
vide lam, kT nang va Iri ihiic ngh6 eho ndng dan vung dd thi hda nham tao nhidu
vide lam, co hgi vide lam, dac bidt la cac vide lam cdng nghidp, lang nghe
truydn Ihdng cho ho.
- Tao dieu kien eho ndng dan cd ihe tie'p can dugc cac ngudn vdn dau tu
cho san xua't kinh doanh, giiip hg cd the tu tao vide lam cho cac ca nhan va hg
gia dinh trong bdi canh didn tfch da't canh tac ngay eang bi thu hep - hau qua
cua qua Irinh dd thi hda.
- Tao dieu kidn cho ndng dan cd the tiep can cac ngudn thdng tm viee
lam thdng qua cac phuong tidn truydn thdng dai chiing, qua hoi chg vide lam va
cac trung tam vide lam, gidi thieu vide lam cho ndng dan vung dd thi hda d Ha
Ndi.
Tdm lai, nhu cau vide lam ciia ndng dan vung dd thi hda d Ha Ndi kha
cao, tuy nhien miie dd thda man nhu cau nay ciia ho ra't tha'p. Vide lam ciia
ndng dan cac viing dd thi hda d Ha Noi hidn nay ra't da dang, nhung phan ldn
khdng dn dinh, ihu nhap khdng du nudi ban than va gia dinh. Ndng dan cd nhu
cau cao ve cac cdng vide don gian, dd lam, ed tinh dn dinh, ed thu nhap du de
TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, Sd 3 (168), 3 - 2013

25


nudi sd'ng ban than va gia dinh. Didu nay thd hidn ro xu hudng thue dung trong
tam ly ndng dan nude la. Chinh quyen dia phuong cd vai trd he't sic quan trpng
trong viee hoat hoa nhu cSu vide lam cua ndng dan, tiio eo hpi va didu kidn de'
hp cd viec lam, qua dd gdp phSn dn dinh ddi sdng va tang cudng niem tin eua
hp vao Dang, chd dp.
Tiii lieu tham khao

1. Nguyin Hfru Dung vii cac cpng su, Chinh sdch gidi qiiyci viec tdm dViel Nam, Ha
Noi, 1997.
2. Du an V1E/98/004/B/0I/99, Bp Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thpn (MARD),
Chuang Irinh Phat Iri^n Li4n Hop Qudc (UNDP), Nghien cini nhu can ndng ddn.
NXB Thong kS, 2003
3. Nguyen Dinh Die. Gidt quyet viec ldm. Hpi nghi ldng kel cong tac nam 2009 va
Irien khai nhiem vu nam 2010, Sd Lao dting Thutrng binh va Xa hoi thanh phd Ha
Npi, 2010.
4. Luu Song Ha (chu bien), Dieu tra ldm ly nong ddn hi ihu hdi ddt Idm khu cdng
nghiep, NXB Ti dien Bach khoa, 2006.
5. Qc, Long - Vu Dung (chu bien), Tdm ly ndng ddn Uong thdi ky ddn phdt tnen kmh
le'llii trudng. NXB Khoa hoc Xa hpi, 2002.
6. Tran Thi Minh Ngoc (chi nhiem), Gidi quyel viec Idm cho ndng ddn hi thu hdi ddi
d ngogi thdnh Hd Ngi, De tai Khoa hoc cap bp, 2010.
7. Nguyen Hiru Thu, Tdm ly hoc qudn tri kinh doanh, NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Noi,
2007.

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TAP CHITAM Lf HOC Sd 3 (168), 3-2013