Tự đánh giá năng lực bản thân của người lao động

Tli OANH GIA NANG LLJC BAN THAN
CUA NGJOI LAO OONG
TS. BOi Tfli Hong Ttiai
HVCH.NguyJn Tfli Mui
Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Kd hgi vd Nhdn vdn Hd Ndi.
TOIM T A T
Tu ddnh gid ndng igc bdn tbdn a ngudi lao dgng duac thi hiin d hai khia
cgnh id tu ddnh gid ndng luc ldm vlfc vd tu ddnh gid ndng luc xd hdi Irong mdi
trudng lao dgng. Tir nghiin ciiu bdng bang hdi tren 392 ngudi lao dgng tgi Hd Ngi,
bdi bdo chi ra rdng cdc khdeh thi cd xu hudng tu ddnh gid ndng luc ldm viic cao htm
so vdi ndng luc xd hgi Nhimg ngtrdi lao ddng Irong hodn cdnh Ihu viic, ngudi lam
viic trong ca quan Nhd^ nuac, ngudi chua timg chuyin ddi cdng viic vd ngudi cd cdm
xic liiu cue khi nghj ve cdng viic cd diim sd lu ddnh gid ndng Igc bdn Ihdn thip him
so vdi ngudi lao dgng cd hgp ddng laa dgng chinh thiic, ngual ldm viic d cdc dan vi
ngodi Nhd mrdc hoge Uin doanh, ngtrdi dd cd kinh nghifm chuyin ddi cdng viic va
nguoi cd cdm xuc lich cgc khi nght vi cdng viic. Bdi bdo ciing gpi md mgt si hudng
nghien cuu liin quan din dnh hudng cua tu ddnh gid ndng luc bdn Ihdn dil vdi hiiu
sudt ldm vlfc cua ngudi lao dgng.
Til- kh6a: Tgddnh gid ndng Igc bdn Ihdn: Ndng life ldm vlfc: Ndng luc xd hgi:
Ngudi lao dgng.
Ngdy nhdn bdt: 29/7/2016; Ngdy duyil ddng bdi: 25/8/2016.
1. D^t v^n de
Tu iM, ffi nang lvc ban Mn la idiSi ni&n do Bandura kliai xudng (1997)
nhSm ehi niem lin ma c4 nhan co vj nSng lire cfla minh trong viec thvrc hi?n
dui^c hay khong duoc mpt nhi?m vu trong hoan canh cu thi vdi kk qui t6t Tir
dSnh gi4 nang Itrc bia than khong ehi 14 vi^e ei ahka bik nhimg gi hg c4n phii
iam, ma c6n li vi?c hp phai e6 dgng Ivrc dj thg-c hi$n nhihig vi?c iy. N6 dugc
the hi^n thdng qua cic tieu h^ thdng la nSng luc nhan thuc, nSng l^c xi h§i,
cim xue vi hinh vi mi ci nhin sip x«p vi su dyng mOt each co hi$u qui nhim
phyc vy cho nhieu myc dich khic nhau.
Bandura cho ring, nhD-ng niSm tin vi ning lyc cfla bin than c6 thi Ui

thanh yeu to dy bao cho khi ning duong diu vdi kh6 khin, trd ngai ciia mSi ci

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, 569 (210), 9 - 2016


nhan; cho dpng lyc hinh dpng; khi nSng hoan thanh nhiem vy cung nhu nhOng
lya chon Uong cupc doi cfla hg. Theo do, nhihig nguoi nghi ngo vio kha nang
cua ban than thudng ne trinh nhimg nhiem vu kho khan, khong Ihi hien hk sy
CO gang Vi thucmg bo der nhiem vy. Hp thuong it the hien su nhiet tinh va it diu
tu vao nhOng hoat dgng ma hp dim nhiem. Ngugc lai, nhiing ci nhan co niJm
tin manh het vao nang lyc ban than thudng sin sang din than vao thii thich. Hg
cung CO nhihig each thiic hpp Iy de ddi dien vcri hoan canh va cd thd kiem soit
cam xuc am tinh, su lo hai khi gap kho khan, trd ng?i. Cd the ndi ring, tu dinh
gia ning lyc bin than quyet djnh each thiic ma ci nhan nhin nhan vi hoin cinh
kho khan vi nhiing trd ngji, ddng thdi cich nhin nhan niy lai chi phdi lya chon,
sy CO gang vi thdi gian ma mdi ea nhan bd ra ii ddi mat vdi hoin canh.
Khai niem "tu danh gii ning lyc bin than" thudng bi lan Idn vdi khai
nifm •;tu danh gia bin than". Theo Bandura (2003), ty danh gii nang luc ban
than gan vdi nhiing nhan dinh eiia ci nhan vi kha nang cua minh ttong timg Itnh
vyc cy the. Can nhin manh ring, ty danh gia nang luc bin than lien quan ddn
iihihig nhiem vy hay hoat dpng chuyen bift, ttong khi dd, tu danh gia bin thin
thuong hen quan tdi each ca nhan nhin nhan vi gia tti eiia minh mdt cich tdng
the. Nhu viy, mpt ca nhan cd thd cho ring anh ta khdng cd khi nang dd thuc
hien mgt ITnh vuc nio dd nhung di6u niy khdng inh hudng ddn each anh ta tu
danh gia ban thin ndi chung ndu ca nhan khdng coi ttong linh vuc dd. Ddi vtii
ngudi lao ddng, mgt ngudi ty dinh gia ning lyc cfla bin thin la thip ttong hoat
dpng nghd thujt nhung niem tin nay khdng Iam anh ta ni dinh gii thip bin thin
ndu cdng vide vi dam me nghd nghiep cfla anh ta li giing day hay nghien cuu
Ngugc I?i, neu ngudi Iao dpng Iam viec va dam me ITnh vue nghe thuit nhung
anh ta Iai un ring minh da ngdi khdng dung vi tti, minh khdng cd khi ning lam

cong vi$c gan vdi nghe thuit thi luc niy tu danh gia ning Iyc bin than thip ddng
thdi cung anh hudng den muc dp ei nhan ty dinh gia bin thin. Didu niy cung Iy
glii vi sao muc dd ty dinh gii bin than cao chua du dd ca nhin cd thd dat dupe
nhOng mong dpi cfla minh.
Cd the nhin thiy, ba nhdm xu hudng ndi trdi ttong cic nghidn cflu hidn
nay ve ty dinh gii ning Iyc bin than li tu danh gii nang Iuc bin thin ttong
nioi trudng hgc dudng, trong tti lidu tim ly vi ttong lao ddng. Leeompte (2004)
cho rang, a trudng hpc, tu dinh gia nang luc bin than duoc did hien thdng qua 3
phuong dien: niem tin cua hgc sinh vd ning Iuc cfla bin than ttong viec lam chfl
nhOng mdn hpc khic nhau, nidm tin cfla giio vien vd ning luc eua bin thin
trong vide tao dpng co va thflc diy vide hge tip d hpc sinh vi nidm tin cfla tap
the giao vien ve ning luc ehung eiia hp ttong vide Iim cho mrdng hoc phit ttiln
Trong hoat ddng ttj lieu tim ly, theo Bandura, Igi ich Idn nhit cfla tti lidu tim Iy
khong chi dung I?i d vide giup dd ci nhan ttong mdt tinh hudng cu thd' ma phii
TAP CHf TAM lyHOC SS9 (210), 9 - 2016

59


giup cho ci nhin cd the quin 1^ mgt each hidu qui mpi hoin cinh trong cudc
sdng. Nhi tri lieu thflc diy cac ci nhan dd hp cd nidm tin vi nang luc cfla minh
ttong viec Iim chu cugc sdng cfla hp. Nhd do, ca nhan dat dugc nhihig cich thiic
dd kidm soit nhiing suy nghT hfly hoai, cac cim xuc tidu cyc va nhihig hinh vi
cd inh hudng tdi mdi quan he vdi bin thin va vdi nhflng ngudi xung quanh,
Hieu qua cfla viic thuc diy miic do tu danh gia ning Iuc bin than ttong vide tri
lieu da dugc minh chiing ttong cic nghien cuu vd tti lieu am inh sg (Williams
vi Zane, 1989), tri lieu rdi loan trim cim (Kavanagh vi Wilson, 1989) vi trf lidu
nghien chit (Gossop va cdng sy, 1990).
Anh hudng cua tu dinh gia ning luc bin thin trong mdi trudng iao ddng
dugc the hidn trude hdt d vide ei nhan lya chgn con dudng su nghidp cho minh.

Theo Lent va Hackett (1987), tu dinh gii ning Iuc bin thin tham gia manh me
vio vide dinh hudng cho ci nhinfaudngtheo nghd nay hay nghd khic. Nd du
bio cho lya chgn nghe nghidp, hflng thfl nghd nghidp vi hidu suit Iao dgng eua
hg sau niy. Muic do ty dinh gii ning Iyc bin than ciia hgc sinh anh hudng ddn
loai hoat dgng nghd nghidp ma hgc sinh tin ring minh c6 the Iim, do dd, nd
eiing tic ddng ddn lya chpn nghd nghidp cfla hpc sinh. Nhihig hgc sinh dinh gii
cao nSng Iyc bin thin thudng hudng ddn cic cdng vide Iao dpng tti dc. Ngugc
lai, nhihig hpc sinh cho ring ning lye cua minh kem thudng hudng ddn cac cdng
vide lao dpng chin lay. Tidp dd, d giai doan tim kidm vide Iim, Kanfer vi Hulin
(1985) nhan dinh rSnj, khi ci nhan cang ty dinh gii ning Iyc bin thin cao,
nhihig hanh vi tun kidm vide lim cfla hp cing tich cyc vi khi ning tim dupc
cdng vide cfla hp eOng cao hon so vdi ngudi ty dinh gii ning Iyc bin thin thip.
Khi da budc vio eupe sdng nghd nghidp, nhihig ngudi lap ddng cd miic dp ty
dinh gii ning lyc bin than cao sd nhanh chdng Iim chu cdng vide hon (Buike
vi Day, 1986). COng ttong td chuc, hidu qua quin I3/ cua cic Iinh dao dupc ghi
nhin li cd mdi lidn hd cd y nghra vdi cich thflc hg nhin nhin ve ning Iuc cua
bin thin. Nhihig nhi quin I;/ tin ring, hg cd thi hgc hdi, tidp thu cic tti thuc vd
quin Iy va cd khi ning quin Iy tdt td chfl-c thi thudng cd chifa luac quin Iy t6t
hon. Ngay ci khi hg dupc giao nhihig nhidm vy tudng nhu khd khan, phdc t»p
vdi eic tidu chuin cao, hp vin cd xu hudng din dit td chile cfla minh ii hoin
thinh nhihig nhidm vu iy hon li ehii bd nhidm vy (Bandura vi Jourden, 1991).
lOii nghidn cuu vd tu danh gii ning Iyc bin thin, cic tic gii thudng dd
c»p den hai khia canh Ii tu dinh gii ning Iyc chuydn mdn ttong hpc t«p hoic
eong vi^ Sherer vi cpng sy, 1982) vi ty dinh gii ning Iuc xi hdi thi hidn qua
vide thiet UP vi duy tti cie mdi quan h? xa hdi ttong mdi ttudng mi ci nhin
Oiupc ye (Sherer vi cgng su, 1982; Muiris, 2001). Trong bii bio niy, chflng tdi
ttinh bay ket qua ve hai khia c?nh ty dinh gii nang Iyc ndittdnd ngudi lao d ^ g

60

TAPCHfTAM ly H(?C,S«9 (210),9 - 2016


2. Phtrong phap nghien cuu
10-5 i.t.^fli?' " ^ ^"""^ " ^ '™* ™ P'"""8 pMp didu tta bing bing hdi ttdn
jy^ Khach the la nhimg ngudi lao dgng t^ Ha Npi. Vd gidi tinh, cd 46,4% khich
the nam vi 53,6% khich thd nu vdi dp mdi tii 23 d£i 53 vi tudi ttimg bmh
Chung aia toin nhdm khich the li 28,86 mdi. Vd ttinh do dao tao, cd 13 4%
KMch fte d ttinh dp ttung cap - cao ding, 72,6% khich thd d tttah do dai ho^ vi
n n ^ r ^ u * ^ dttinh dg sau d»i hpc. Cic lihh vyc nghd nghidp gdm'; kinh td
chmh(16,7%) vicic lmh vyc khae(14,5%).
,1,
T"",^?.^" •^ ^^ ^^ " ^ 8 luc bin than d ngudi lao ddng gdm hai tieu
thang do la tieu thang do tu dinh gii ning lue Iim vide (duoc dich tu thang do
cua Sherer vi cpng su, 1982). Thang gdc cfla cic tie gii chidua ra nhOng hem
Chung ye l ^ g lue vi da dugc su dung ttdn nhidu nhdm khich thd khic nhau.
Chujig toi da bo sung vio mdi item nhihig cym tir nhu "cdng vide", "ttong edng
vide nham ttag sy ddng nhit eua khich thd vio vide ttr dinh gii ttong lao
dpng khl tta IOI cau hdi. Phep phin tich nhan td (vdi hd sd KMO = 0 847 va
muc^y nghia la p < 0,001) ghi nhin 4 nhan td vdi 16 item (da loai bd I item ed
hf so tai nho hon 0,5 sp vdi thang gdc li 17 item), giai thich 54,935% sy bidn
thien cua bien (bing U'.Hfsd Alpha cfla Cronbach cua thang doii 0,71
Bang 1: Ngi dung thang hf ddnh gid nang luc ldm vifc
Cic»M»ri
l.Tinhnd
tr^hkho
khan trong
cdng viec

Npi dune item

Hjs^m

Tdi trinh hpc nhitng dieu moi cho cong vi?c khi chine gua
phlic tap vdi toi

0,750

Khi toi hpc diiu gi moi, toi bd no thai nhanh niu no khong
mang lai ket qui tot ngay lap nic cho conf viec cua toi

0,740

Khi tdi phii doi dien vori mpt vin di khong mong dpi trong
cone viec, toi khong the dirong diu voi no mpt each binh tihh

0,673

.

»^-"

-,J

,

„

..T-

-„„

w,

Nhin Chung, toi thudng ne oinh nhihig nhiem vy cfing vijc
0,548
2. Tinh
khong ki£n
tri trong cong
viec

Mpt bpng nhOng van di ciia toi li m3i khi lim vise, loi
khong the tip trung hoin loan vao cong vigc
Toi thucmg xuyen bo da cong viec
Niu nhiem vy cong vifc nio cd ve kho thirc hien vpi toi loi
se khfing thiir thuc hien nd

0,649
0,630
0,599

'Z'^:'^n^i:^/d::v^''''''^'^''-^'""''''-^^'''^'^^'''^"^''^^
TAP CHlTAM Ly HOC, S69 (210), 9 - 2016

61


3. Tinh no
Iyc trong
cong vt£c

4. Tinh hi?u
qua trong
cong vi^

Toi thirong dl dang tu bo cac muc tieu ngh^ tighiep

0,549

Toi thucmg hi€m khi thirc hi?n duoc nhung muc tieu cong
vi?c ma toi Sn dinh lii quan trong doi \6i minh

0,547

ThSt bai trong cong vifc cang khien toi bit dau l^i voi s\f ben
bi nhieu hon

0,683

Toi CO the ^iai quyet hieu quii nh&ng vkn dh cua cong v i ^

0.622

Khl CO nhung nhi?m vy cong vi?c kh6, t6i van co gfing dfi
thyc hifn chung

0,596

Khi toi gip kho khan trong viec thyc hifn nhifm v\i cong vifc
ndo d6, toi ki€n tri Iam cho din khi co the hoan thanh no

0,560

Khi toi thyc hifn cdc nhifm vy cong viec, t6i thudng chac
chfin rang toi se thyc hifn chung thanh c6ng

• 0,752

Toi cho rfing toi la nguoi lam vifc co hifu qua

0,648

Toi tin rfing toi c6 nhfhig dong gop ding ke cho myc dich
chung cua to chuc lam vifc

0,599

Tieu thang do ty dinh gii ning Iuc xi hdi (dupc tham khio tir thang do
cfla Sherer vi cjng sy, 1982 vi Murris, 2001). Phdp phan tich nhin to (vdi hf
sd KMO = 0,785 vi miitc y nghfa Ii p < 0,001) ghi nhin 3 nhin td vdi 9 item
(sau khi di lo^i bd I item ed he s6 tii nhd hon 0,5), giii thich 62,947% sy biin
thidn cua biin (bing 2). Hd sd Alpha cua Cronbach cfla thang do Ii 0,79.
Thang do dugc thidt kd d?n^ Likert 4 bic vdi cich quy dinh dilni di tir 1
- khdng ddng y ddn 4 - hoin toan ddng y. Didm dinh gii cang cao cho thiy mflc
dp dinh gii cua ngudi Iao dgng vd ning Iyc bin thin cing Idn vi ngupc l?i. Cac
so lidu dugc xfl Iy bing phin mdm SPSS 16.0 gdm nhihig phdp tinh giittjttung
binh, phdp phin tich nhin td, phdp so sinh gii trj tiung binh thdng qua t-test
hoic phin tich phuong sai One-way ANOVA vi phdp phin tich mdittiongquan
thdng qua he sd r Pearson. Mfle xip hang cic bidu hidn cfla ty danh gii ning lye
bin than cfla ngudi Iao dgng dugc dya theo gii tii tiung binh chung vi dp Idch

chuan cia toin thang do (DTB thang do = 3,03 vi DLC = 0,40), vdi cic thdng sd
cy die nhu sau:
Ty dinh gii ning luc mflc thip: 1,00 - 2,62;
Ty dinh gii ning lyc miic binh thudng: 2,63 - 3,43;
Ty dinh gii ning luc muc cao: 3,44 - 4,00.

62

TAP CHlTAM LV HOC, Sd' 9 (210), 9-2016


Bing 2: Npi dtmg thang hf ddnh gid ndng luc xa hdi
trong mdi tnrdng lao dpng
Cac nhfin to
1. Sir tham gia
vao t^p the

Ngi dung i
Toi lim chu dirpc ban thin trpng cic cupc hpp cong vipc
vdi dong nghiep

He so tii
0,766

Tfii sin sing phai biiu y kiin cua toi trong cic cupc hpp
nhom cong vice

0,689

Toi di dang hda nhjp vni moi Iniong lam vipc mpi

0,674

T6i biit cich kiim svoi dong nghigp vi vin di cone viec

0,812

TOI gop phin lira cho biu khong khi cupc hpp voi cic dpng
nghiep trd nen tich cpc hon

0,646

Toi luon cd ging xly dung mfii quan he hoa hpp vdi dong
nghiep
Toi CO ging di lam quen voi dfing nghipp ngav ca khi hp cp
vc kho tiep can

0,828

Toi chii dpng lim quen voi ding nghipp diay vi dpi hp din
lim quen vdi toi
Toi van co ging thiit lap va duy tri mfii quan hg voi nhihig
dong nghiep CO ve khong dl gin trong lin gip dau lien
|

"•^^'^

3. Ket q u a nghien ciru
3.1. Mice dp lif ddnh gid cua ngudi lao tpng vi ning lire bin than

_
Trdn tdng thd thang ty dinh gii ning lyc chung cfla bin than kdt qua
r h T « o t " **3',™'3.-5% ^° khich thi ty dinh gii ning Iyc bin than d miic
thap; 68,9 / . - ty danh gia a muc binh thudng v i 17,6% - ty dinh gii d muc cao.
So sinh ty dinh gii cua ngudi lao dpng giifa khia canh nang luc lim vide
va khia canh ning luc x i hgi, kidm dinh Paired Samples t-test (t,-,, = 7 092p < 0001) chi ra ring ngudi lao ddng ttong nghidn cuu nay cd xu hudng dinh
gia khta eanh ning Iuc lim vide (DTB = 3,13; DLC = 0,43) cao hon so vdi khia
eanh^ning lire x i hdi (DTB = 2,93; DLC = 0,52). Kdt q u i nay cd thd duoc W giii
d cho nguon Iao ddng thudng it nhieu dugc ty chu ttong edng vide chuydn r^dn
hon. Hg hoan toan li ngudi cd quyen quydt djnh diu tti Sue Iuc. thdi gian cho
cdng viec hay nd trinh cdng vide. Do dd, vide mdt ca nhan dinh gii nang Iyc
lim vidc cfla ban than caO hay thip cd phin phu thudc v i o ehu quan eik hg
Trong khl dd, cifc rtidi quan hd lien nhan cieh ttorig edng viec mdt mit bj ehi

TAP CHI TAM lyHOC, Se(9 (210), 9 - 2 0 1 6

63


phdi bdi bin thin ngudi lao ddng, mat khac lai chju inh hudng tti cic ddng
nghiep vi khdng hoan toin di theo y mudn chu quan cfla mdi ci nhin. Dieu
niy khiin cho nhihig dinh gii cfla cac khich thd vd ning Iuc xi hgi cd phin
thip hon so vdi ning lyc lim vide.
Dudi day, chflng tdi trinh biy chi tiit cic ket qui lien quan den ty dinh
gii cua ngudi lao ddng vd tflng khia canh ning lyc cu the.
- Tu ddnh gid cia ngudi lao ddng vi ndng luc lam viec
Tren thang ty dinh gia ning Iuc Iam vide, kit qui didu tta ghi nhin cd
16,87% sd ngudi lao ddng ty dinh gia d mflc thip; 70,41% - ty dinh gii d muc
binh thudng vi 12,72% - tu dinh gii d mfl-c cao. Kit qui nay it nhidu ttrong
ddng vdi nghidn cuu cua laochite va Souza Neto (2014) trdn 114 smh vidn su

ph?m thd due nim cuoi vi dang tham gia giing d?iy cho cic ttudng cdng lip vi
tu thyc d Braxin khi cic tic gii nhin thiy cd 12,2% sd khich thd ty dinh gii
ning lyc nghe nghidp d muc dp thip, 76,5% - ty dinh gii d muc binh thudng vi
11,3% - tu dinh gii d muc dd cao.
1

1.93

Tfnh khdng ktfaitrt

\,n

Tinh nh Itic

Tinh hifu (}iji

_. _
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1

Tinh ni irtnh kh6 khan

-

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1

.

,

13 09

1

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1

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. [3.07

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Biiu ti 1: DTB danh gid cdc nhdm biiu hifn cia ndng luc ldm vlfc
Trong 4 yiu to cua ty dinh gii ning lyc lim vide, sd lidu d biiu dd 1 cho
diiy cd hai ydu td dupc ngudi Iao ddng dinh gii d mflc dg thip li "tinh nd ttinh
khd khin ttong cdng vide" (DTB = 1,93) vi "tinh khdng kidn tti ttong cdng vi?c"
(DTB - 1,79). Sy nd ttinh cua ngudi Iao d$ng thi hi$n qua v i ^ hp ttinh hgc
nhDng didu mdi hojc niu c6 hge thi hg sd tfl bd ngay niu nd khdng mang lfi
hidu qui nhu mong mudn; khi gip phii nhiing cdng v i ^ khdng mong dgi hg
tim cich nd ttinh diung hojc dfln diy cho ngudi khic. Sy khdng kidn tti ttong
cdng vide dugc hieu li ngudri lao dOng hiim khi djt dugc myc tidu cdng vide
mi td chuc hay ty bin thin hg di ra hojc ndu ttong qui ttinh lim vi?c khi gip
64

TAP CHf TAMLfWJC, Stf 9 ( 2 1 0 , 9 - 2 0 1 6


nidt nhidm vu khd thay vi c5 ging hp Iai tu bd nd. Kdt qua niy cd thi coi nhu
diu hidu tdt vi nd cho thiy ngudri lao dpng trong nghidn cflu khdng di theo xu
hudng nd trinh hay it phin diu cho cong vide.
Ngugc lai, ydu td "tinh nd Iycttongcdng viec" (DTB = 3,09) vi "tinh hidu
qua nong cdngvidc" (DTB = 3,07) dugc ngudi lao ddng danh gii d miic binh
thudng. Tinh nd Iyc ttong cdng vide dugc biiu hidn thdng qua su theo dudi mpt
cich kidn tti cua ngudi Iao ddng cho din khi hoin thanh nhidm vu cdng vide
ngay ci khi nd cdkhd khan vi hg da qua thit bai. Tinh hidu qui ttong cdng vide
Ii mem tin cua ngudi Iao ddng ring ttong cdng vide hg di ludn cd n^ch nhidm,

hoin thinh dflng thdi ban vi dat hidu (jui tdt, ting hg di ddng gdp duoc kha
ning cimg nhu cdng sue cfla minh cho td chflc Iim vide.
Nhu vay, ddi vdi nhiing khia canh it tich cue ttong cdng vide nhu tinh
khdng kidn tri, tinh ne ttinh khd khan ttong cdng vide, didm sd danh gii cua
cic khich thd li thap va didm ting Idn d nhiing khia canh dinh gii tich cue hon
nhu tinh no Iyc vi tinh hidu qui ttong cdng vice. Ndi cich khic, khich thi
trong nghidn cuu cd xu hudng nhin nhan ning Iyc Iim vide cua bin thin theo
budng tich cue. Cd thi n^n mgt miu nghien ciiu gdm nhiiu ngudi cd trinh dd
dio tao cao (86,6% sd khich thi cd tiinh dg dai hge vi sau dai hpc) ndn cac
khich thd ed nidm tin vio ning lye cfla ban than. Ddi vdi ngudi Iao ddng, nhit
Ii ngudi lao dgng tti thuc thi vide tin ttrdng vio ning Iyc Iim vide cfla minh
eung chinh li each thi hidn sy ty tdn mi hg danh cho bin than.
- Ttf ddnh gid cia ngir&i lao dpng vi ndng luc xd hdi
: 7^ ^^^ ^'* "*"* '"'^ "? *•'' "'""S mdi ttudng lao dpng dupc biiu hidn d
nidm tin cfla ngudi Iao dpng vd khi nang hda nhip vio mdi ttudng Iim vide; vd
tinh tich cue chfl dpng ttong vide Iim quen, xiy dyng mdi quan he vdi cac
ddng nghidp; vd muc dd sin sing phat bieu y kiin, tham gia vao cic lioat ddng
cfla nhdm lim vide vi ttong td chuc. Kit qua didu tra cho thiy, cd 13,95% so
khich the tu dinh gii ning lyc xi hdi ttong mdi trudng Iim vide d miic thip;
72,87% - ty dinh gii d muc binh thudng vi 13,18% - d mflc cao. Ci ba nhdni
yeu td ttong dinh gii ning luc xa hpi Ii "su tham gia vao tip thi", "sy tich eye
xay dyng biu khdng khi Iim vide" vi "su thidt lip vi duy tri mdi quan he nghi
nghidp" deu cd DTB d muc binh thudng. Nhin chung, phin Idn ngudi Iao dgng
ddu y thflc vd vide thiet lip vi duy tti mpt mdi quan he lien nhin cich binh on
ttong td chuc, hp cd xu hudng trinh nhflng va chjm vi miu thuan khdng ding
cd. Didu niy khdng chi giflp hp dugc chip nhin ttong tip thd mi cdn giim cic
nguy CO khdng ding cd xuit phit tit nhung mdi quan he nghd nghipp khdng
dupc tdt. Do vay, cac khach thi ttong nghidn euu cOng cd xu hudng t?lo dyng
vi gm gio mdi quan hd cdng vide theo eich an toin nhit cd thi.

TAPCHITAML'?HOC,Se(9(210),9-2OI6

65


3.2. Mpi so yeu to inh hudng ten ttr tinh gii ning Iwc
ngudi lao tpng

bin thin cua

Trong sd cic die didm vd nhan khiu, nghi nghidp cua ngudi Iao ddng
mi nghidn cuu dd cap tdi thi cic die diim nhu gidi tinh, tudi, ttinh do dio tjo,
vi tin cdng vide, muc thu nhip khdng tao ra khic bidt vi muc do ty danh gii
ning lyc bin thin d ngudi Iao ddng. Dudi diy, ehung toi tiinh biy mgt sd kit
qui cd ^ nghia thdng kd vd nhiing yiu td inh hudng din tu dinh gii ning Iuc
bin thin cua ngudi Iao ddng.
- Lagi hgp

ddng lao dgng

Cd sy khie biet ed y nghia thdng kd vd diira sd ty dinh gia ning Iuc Iim
vide (F|3j7„, = 4,569; p < 0,01) vi ty dinh gii ning lyc xa hgi (F|3 3,, = 5,570;
p < 0,001) xdtflieoIoai hgp ddng Iao dgng eua cie khich thi (bing 3).
Bang 3: So sdnh BTB lu ddnh gid ndng luc bdn Ihdn
theo logt hgp ding lao dpng
Lo^i hpp dong
lao dpog

Nine lue (im viec

Ning 1^ xa hoi

DTB

DLC

DTB

Thir viec

2,98

0,43

2,84

0,48

Dufii 1 nim

3,10

0,37

2.73

0,61

1 nim - 3 nim

3,24

0,37

3,06

Tren 3 nim

3,08

0,47

2,94

DLC

0,49

1,^
?Jl^!!'?''^ '^ ^^"^ 8'* "*"8 Ittc lim vidc, kit qui didu tra cho thiv
l ^ l uiycMlim
^ Vvide
d^' cao
'""b"*"*
' """cdn
''^"lal" " *>;.r3n,4„
nim cd
's
nang
hon so''°vd''"''"

cic nhdm
u--.tti xd i n ••

khich thd ed hg^ ddni ttdn 3 n C n " ^ 0 1 ^ , ^ ! JS".^^ ? "•""" "^ ""^^
ddng dudi 1 ni^cd d & ^ d ^ g ^ n 4 S d i tto ' * • • ' ' "^ ''"' '^°
thip nhit. Nhin Chung, d ei hai kWa eari^^hr l l ^ . T ^ """ " " ^ ^ '^^ ""'"S

n.«iaoddngtheoLhgpdW^c;r:^i:^drd^^"3^i:-t.:^„"^t^
TAPCHfTAMLyHOC, S59 (210), 9 - 2016


diem ty dinh gia cao nhiL Xet theo tinh chit hgp ddng lao ddng, c6 thd ndi
rang, nhung ngufti cd hgp ddng flni vide vi hgp ddng dudi I nam thi tinh chit
cong viec bap benh hon ci. Nhiing ngudi cd hgp ddng ttdn 3 nam ed tinh chit
gan graig voi loai hpp ddng vd flidi han ndn cdng vide mang tinh dn dinh eao
hon. Nhung nguoi cd hgp ddng tu 1 nam den dudi 3 nam dudng nhu cd ip Iuc
nil"
r ^ 5 " * ^^ *^" ™ * * * * * "°"^ **^ Si™ rtag do eo he la nguyen nhin khidn hg phii nd Iyc nhiiu hon d ei Miia eanh
cong viec va cae md, quan he nghe nghidp. Do dd, didm tu danh gii cua'ho
eung cao nhat trong sd cie khichflidnghidn cflu.
S ua ng
vi
,'""*cac
^ ^ /khich
u * "''*!8
"""S
"^^ hai
'=^ nhdm
P'^'""!'

va cdn^trT^Tm
cgng sy 2010) tten
flid li™"«
giio^ vidn
tai"S>"™
Italia vdi
li
Tao d d n f H ' T . ' . * ' T - ' ™ ^ ' ' " ^^^ * * ^'^' '' • * * - 8iao vidn cd h ^ ddng
hfl v t ^ h
t-^^ ""* '='"' '^^y- •*™S Siic vidn ed hop ddng laT ddnf
; -d6ng
'
TJ'°
"""« "^ ""' " ^ *™ hon so v« n h 4 ngudi'
J
C6OhhgpS ddngrIao
chinh thiic.
^
^^L

- Str chiiyen ddi cong viec

vide (t,*^'^ - 5'^,5""^l^n'?.\' f ' * " ' ' ' * "^"8 diim dinh gii vi ning Iuc lim
Ngudi ao dgng chua ttmg chuydn ddi edng vide cd diim sd m dinh gii ning luc
t h nSi m^h ^^^P- ''•'-'' ^ "•''* '^^ ""^ ^ ^ - ã*ô"ô ngudi'di tog cd
kmh nghidm chuyen doi cdng vide (DTB = 3,20; DLC = 0,40). Tuy nhien khdng
ed sy khac b,,t ttong dinh gii vd ning Iyc xi hgi giiia nhLg ngudi i i S
chuyen viec yd, nhflng ngudi ehua cd kinh nghidm chuydn ddi nghfngMdpTi
fte ndi, sy gin ket ttong Iao ddng ludn li mdi bin tim cfla nhihig nguM s l d™g
chuc eua minh nhu noi thu nghipm, ttau ddi kiin diuc di dli luc hotfianhthuc

cich thich ung vol md, ttudng lim vide mdi, vdi nhihig nhiem vy edng vide mS
vi vdi nhmig mdi quan hd xi hgi mdi. Cd thd vi nhihig ttii nghiem n i v ^ i
nhflng n^di di ttmg ehuyin ddi cdng vide ty tin vio ninglyc lamT^Tc^ m i l
hon so vdi nhflng ngudi chua tflng chuyen ddi nghd nghidp.
- Cdm xic ddi vdi cdng vifc
•
*^;"*,' ' " ^ ? ' ''^' '•''* *'^H *" Shi nhin mdi Mong quan giiia Ioai cim xfic
cua ngud, lao dgrig khi ngh, vd edng vide vdi eich hg m diiS gii 4 uTg Iuc
bin than. Tren mpt nhdm cic tinh tfl chi ttang fliii cfla ngudi lao dpng Uii n^f

T*P CHf TAM Lf HOC, Stf 9 (210), 9 - 2016

67


•^3
vd cdng viec trong thdi gian 3 thing ttd lai day, cd hai nhdm cim xflc dugc
phin dinh li nhdm nhiing eim xflcti'chcyc khi nghl vi cdng vide (vui vd, hanh
phflc, lac quan, thu thii, hii Idng) vi nhdm nhflng cam xflc tidu cue (cing ttiing,
lo ling, bin rdn, met mdi,fliitvpng, budn phidn). Ket qua cho thiy, cd mdi tuong
quanfliuingifla cim xuctt'chcue khi nghT ve cdng vide vdi tu dinh gii ning lye
xi hdi cua ngudi Iao ddng (r = 0,337; p < 0,001), NghTa la ngudi lao dpng cing
cd cim xflc flioii mai, vui ve ddi vdi cdng vide thi hp cing cd xu hudng bpc Id
nang Iyc x§ hdi trong mdi trudng Iam vide theo hudng tich cyc. Ngugc Iai,
nhiing cim xuc tidu cyc ve cdng vide cd mdi tuong quan nghich vdi each ngudi
Iao ddng ty danh gii ning lyc lim vide (r - -0,466; p < 0,001) vi tu dinh gii
ning Iyc xi hgi (r = -0,225;p < 0,001). Diiu nay cho thiy, vide ting cudng cac
cim xflc tich cycttongddi sdng nghi nghidp cfla ngudi lao dpng sd giflp hg ty tin
vio ning lyc cua bin thin hon.

4, Ket luan
Van di ty dinh gii ning Iyc bin fliin da dupc chfl y tu nhOng nim 80 cfla
die ky ttudc vi dugc nghien cuu tren nhiiu nhdm khich thi khic nhau nhu hpc
sinh, giio vidn, ngudi Iao dpng... Xuit phit tfl ly thuyit vd nhan thuc xi hpi cfla
Bandura, di cd tit nhiiu cic nghien cflu xoay quanh chfl dd nij; vdi nhflng bg
cdiig cu nghien cflu dugc fliiit kd ridng cho cic nhdm khich thi khic nhau. 6
Vidt Nam, chung ldi chua ghi nhin dugc nhiiu nhihig tii lidu nghidn cflu lidn
quan. Cic kdt qui tiinh biy d ttdn cho fliiy, eic khia canh tu danh gii ning Iuc
bin ttiin cfla ngudi lao dgng bj inh hudng bdi mgt sd die didm vd nghi nghidp
cua hg nhu lopi hinh to chuc, lopi hgp ddng Iao ddng, sy chuydn ddi cdng vide
\ a nhflng cim xuc cua ngudi Iao dpng khi nghT vd cdng vidc. Thyc ti, mpt sd
nghien cflu da ehi ra sy inh hudng cfla mdi trudng lim vide (mdi quan hd vdi
dong nghidp, sy quan tam cua Ianh dao) ddi vdi ty danh gia ning Iyc bin fliin
cua ngudi Iao ddng (Nagels, 2005). Hoic, cflng cd nhiing nghien cflu xic djnh
anh hudng cua tu dinh gii ning lye ban thin ddn hinh vi ttong td chuc cua
ngudi Iao ddng (Safourcade, 2010). Tuy nhidn, nhOng ydu Id vfla ndu da khdng
duge xem xdt ddn ttong nghidn cflu niy. Chung tdi hy vgng se cd nhflng nghien
emittongtuong Iai nhim bd sung nhflng ydu td inh hudng din tu dinh gii ning
Iyc banfliar,cua ngudi lao dpng vi vai trd cfla sy dinh gii niy ddi vdi hinh vi hay
sue khoe eua ngum Iao dpngtixingtd chflc.
^ Nghien cuu vi tu dinh gii ning lyc bin thin, Bandura cung di ehi ra 4
nguon goe cua tydinh gii ning lye, dd lir trii nghipm cfla ci nhin sy hpc hdi
nhii V ^ ^ ' ' ^ "^ "?™ """? '^"'"^ ^* "•'"8 'hii thi chit - tim Iy cfla ci
I t hl7nh,!r"' ?°H? ^™ *"-'" "^ """S !"
b i l X « '"
68

™ "" '* •""' '*' ''" '''""' "™ '"'^" -"8 "h*'^
TAP CHlTAM Vf HOC, Stf 9 (210), 9-2016

Tai Ufa tham khao
I Bandura A^ Self-Efficacy: The Exercise cf Control, New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
1997.
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sy. '
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11. MisiisP,,^ Ari^^jcjrfannaffiejErBjeanrt^gje^^^^S^
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