Một số nhận định ban đầu về hiện tượng bỏ ruộng của người nông dân vùng đồng bằng bắc bộ nhìn từ góc độ tâm lý

MOT SO NHAN DjNH BAN DAU
VE HIEN TUONG BO R U O N G
CUA NGUOI NONG D A N
VUNG DONG B A N G BAC BO NHIN TD GOC DO T A M LY
Bii via si} dung sS lidu khao sal cua dd tai: Hi$n (irong bd ruqng cua ngudi nong ilin
viing dong bang Bac So; Khia canh lam ly do Vidn Tim ly hoc chO In, PGS.TS. La Thj
Thu ThOy Iim chu nhidm.
ThS, Nguyen Thi Phi/ong Hoa
Phd Trudng phdng Phdng Tdm lyhgcxd hdi, Vien Tdm lyhgc.

T6M TAT
Khdo sdt cita Viin Tdm ly hgc (2015) Irin 130 hg ndng ddn tgi 5 xd, 1 thi trin
tgt 2 ttnh Hung Yin vd Thdl Binh cho Ihiy: Niu nhu d mgi sd dja phuang khdc Irong
vai ndm gan ddy. hiin lugng ndng ddn bd hoang rugng ddi thgm chi trd lgi rugng ddt
eoxuhtiang Idng manh Ihi a nhiing dig phuang lham gia nghiin ctiu ndy, Ird lal rudng
ddt chi la htin nrgng ddc ihit. khdng phdi Id hifn lugng phd biin Mgc dit khong trd lgi
dat nhtmg hifn lupng bd rugng (Iheo nghia ngudi ndng ddn khdng sti dtfng rugng dil
cua mmh de canh ldc) ngdy cdng trd nin phi biin.
Tir khda: Bd rugng: Ndng ddn: Nguyen nhdn Idm ly.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 11/8/2016; Ngay duyil ddng bdi: 25/8/2016.
1. M d d a u
„ h „ ™ 7 r ^ " t " ^ " " t ' ^J- ^''^" " " ^ 8 ' ' * " ' ^ " S d i xuit hidn d nhidu dja
phuong, di^m eh, co mdt so hp ndng din cdn Iim don t r i Iai rudng d i t Sd lidu
dieu tra so bp eua Cyc Kinh te hpp tic v i Phit tridn ndngthdn ( i o i 3 ) d i eho
, ? „ l ^ ' , h r t , T ^ " Y " ' " " ^ '='"• ' ' " ' ô " * ã"*ã '^ " • * " ^ ^ 5 ' - " ^ P n g a nhiiu
nnh thtah trong c i nude nhu Nam Djnh, Thii Binh, Thanh Hda, Ha Tinh
Quang Binh v i nhidu tinh thinh khic. Udc tinh, didn tich rudng b bd h o r ^
'"I r
" " " i P i " ã"ô" 'ôOha/tinh, c i bidt nhu d Hii Duong, n L g Ydn
s S
..ch len tm 200ha trd Idn va xu hudng niy cdn dang tidp tyc ing. Dang chu « i

TAPCHfTAMLVHOC, S6-9(210),9-2016


didn lich mi ndng din bd khdng chi bao gdm nhung \"Ung dit xiu, mi cdn cd
ci nhOng didn tich dit Iam dirpc 2 vu Ifla hoic Iam duac 2 vu Ifla I vu miu (dan
theo Ngpc Ld. 2013).
_ Trude tinh hinh dd, Vidn Tim ly hpc di thuc hidn mot nghidn ciiru tim
hidu thyc Uang bd rudng cua ndng din vi cac nguydn nhin, die bipt li nguyen
nhin tim Iy dan ddn hidn tupng niy. Nim 2015, khio sit thuc tidn vd hien tupng
bd ruprig da duac tidn hinh tai 5 xa, 1 thi trin tai 2 tinh Hung Ydn vi Tliii Bmh.
Tong sd cd 430 ndng din dai didn cho 430 hp gia dtah da tham gia tra ldi bing
hdi, Bdn canh dd, mpt sd ndng dan cdn duoc phdng vin sau. Sd lieu khio sat dupc
xfl ly ttdn phin mdm SPSS phidn bin 22.0.
^
Trong nghidn cflu niy, hien hrpng bd rupng duprc hidu rpng hon, bao
gdm nhidu hinh vi khdng chi Ii bd hoang hay tra lai rupng, mi ci hanh vi cho
thud/mupn rupng dit hay bin rudng dit. Tdm lai, hidn tupng bd rupng duoc
hidu Ii hidn tupng ngudi ed rudng dit nhung khdng su- dyng rupng dit dd sin
xuat ndng nghidp.

¥

2, Ket qua nghien cihi
2.1. Thtrc trgng bd rupng
* Cdc hinh thdc bd rugng

^
Tai cic xa khao sit, Uung binh moi nhin khiu duoc ehia khoing 1,5 sio
dit ndng nghipp (540m^) vi ttung binh moi hd gia dinh trong miu chpn cd

khoing 5 sio (I.SOOm^) dit ndng nghidp cic loai,tt-ongdd chu ydu li dit ttdng
lua. Gifta cic xi, didn tich dit ehia theo diu ngudi khdng cd sy chenh Idch ding
kd. Trong tdng sd 430 hd gia dinh tham gia khio sit, cd 1/3 sd hp khdng tr\te
tidp sfl dyng dit canh tie (bd rupng) dudi mdt sd hinh thuc nhu sau:
- Bd hoang, khdng canh tic: 10,4%;
- Cho ngudi khic mupn rudng: 17,9%;
- Cho ngudi khic sfl dung rupng dit theo tung vy: 14,3%;
- Cho ngudri khic thud rudng dit: 13,1%;
- Bin hoic chuydn quydn sfl dung rudng dit: 8,1%;
- Tra Iai rudng dit cho chinh quydn: 1,2%.
Trong sd cic hp gia dinh bd rupng, phin ldn cic hd gia dinh chi bd mpt
phin rudng dit, hidm cd hd bd toin bd rupng dit duoe ehia. Die bipt la d 2
hinh thflc bin hoic chuydn quydn _su dyng rupng dit va trit Iai rupng cho ehinh
quydn, khdng ed hp nio ttong mau chpn bin hoic tta l?ii toin bp rupng dit.
Trong sd hO gia dinh cd cie hinh thuc bd rudng, ttnng bmh mdi hp gia dinh bd

TAP CHf TAM LyHOC, Sa'9 (210), 9 - 2016


khdng canh tic 2 sao (720m-');tt-ongdo 10% sd hd bd chua ddn I sio/hp; 47°/
sd hd bd tu 1 - 2 sao; 43% sd hd bd trdn 2 sio.
'
'
* Dgc dtem cia rudng ddt bi bd hoang
^ Vd loji dit ma ngudi ndng dan thudng bd khdng canh tic chi ydu li dit
ttdng lua. Vd tinh chit dit, ttong phdng vin siu, ngudi dan cung nhu cin b^
dia phucmg thuomg cho ring cic minh dit xiu (phdn chua, ttung, bac miu...),
dat d xa nhi, dit xen ket hoic didn tich qui nhd thudng bj bd hoang hoic cho
ngudi khic mupn. Tuy nhidn, sd lieu khio sit djnh Iupng cho thiy d mpt sd hp
gia dinh, ke ei nhung minh dit khdng cd nhflng die didni bit Ipi iy vin khdng

dupe chfl nhin cua chung ttyc tidp canh tic. Khi dinh gii nguydn nhin bd rupng,
it ngudi cho ring nguydn nhin xuit phit tfl tinh chit dit.
* Ode diim cua hd gia dinh bd rudng
Cic hp gia dinh bd rudng (bd hoang, khdng canh tie, cho thud rupng
ban vi chuydn quydn sfl dung rudng dit) tip trung d nhiing xa da nginh nghd
gin ttung tim huypn. Hiu hdt cic xi da nginh nghd (3/4 xi) ddu cd ty Id bd
rupng cao ttdn dudi 50%. DJc bidt xi Tin Quang, huydn Vin Lim, Hung Ydn
cd gin 60% so hd bd rupng. Chi ed 1/5 sd hd gia dinh d nhihig xa thuin ndng
?„ '"f-'-"™*
** ' ' "^y " " ' " ' ^^ "S^*" "Shd, gin trung tim huypn gin
JL
I'--" ' " '"I! ' ^ • ' *!' 8'' ' " ' ' ''° ™*"S 8iOa nhflng xi thuin ndng vi
nhflng xi da nganh nghe, gin trung tim huyen mdt lin nfla eho thiy: Khi cd co
hpi lim vide khic, ngudi ndng din cing bd rudng nhidu hon.
• Xu hudng diin biin cia hifn tirgng bd rugng
Bing 1: Hifn tupmg vd mic dg bd rugng & dia phuang
C6 hi|n t i r ^ g
n i y d-dja
phirong kh6n(T?

C i c hinh tiiAc bd ni$ng

Khong
I • Co hd gia dinh 1)6 jioanp toin lid ruonp dil

Cd

NSu c6 thi t i n g l£n
hay giam di so vlA 5
nam trirdrc

Giam
di

Tiing

Ifa

7,2

2. Co hp gia dinh bo hoang mpt phSn raong
72,0
3^ Co hd gia dinh cho ngirdi khac mir(m toan
DQrapngdat
4. Co hp gia dinh cho ngirdi khic mirm mpi
phan radnp dat

28,5

63,6

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd-9 (210), 9 - 2016


5. Cd hp gia dinh cho ngucri khac mirpn limg

40,0

60,0

13,1

26,6

60J

6. Cd hp gia dinh cho ngirdi khac thue loan
_D2_njpngdii

47,6

52,4

6,4

24,6

69,0

7. Cd hp gia dinh cho nguoi khac thue mot
phan dign tich radnp dat

45,8

54,2

9,9

27,1

63,0

8. Co hd gia dinh bin hoac chuyen quyen sir
dung radnf dat cho nproi khac

6«,8

33,2

10,8

34,2

55,0

9- Cd hp gia dinh tta lai loan bo mong dil cho
hpp tac xa

90J

9,7

5,3

34,2

60,5

10. Cd hp gia dinh tri lai mpt phAn rudng dit
cho hpp tac x i

88,3

11,7

4,5

27,3

68,2

60 7nv " ™.^- 5 " " " « '*' "^ *'^ P'"'™S WlSo sit diln ra nhu thd nio?
h L ô ""i"^ ^^ ãã'*" " " ^ ^ '^ ""'"8 cho ring hidn tuang niy cd xu
hmmg ting len so vdi 5 nim ttudc (xem bing 1). Ndi cieh khac,thfo d L gii
cua nguoi nong dan, cic hinh thuc bd rudng ddu cd xu hudng gia ting Trong
1 ' p " ' ^ ' K - i " " " " " ^ ^ ô ã="" y ''"•• l^**^ 0" ^ hoang nlpng dit khdnf
phi, la pho bidn song l,i li hinh thflc bd rupng cd xu h u 4 ti^g m ^ n^i,'
toL^^™',l'"
- ™ . " ^ ^ '" ""ô P*"' ã*' "Suydn dit. Cho n ^
thue/mupn toan bp rupng dit Ii xu hudng ngiy cing phd bidn ban.

khic

mi kh2Ti^^°^? " ^ . ' ^ ''ã'"^ '*' """8 *^>' 'ằ'g -^ho n.ôôm rudng dit
ma khong lay hen ngiy cing ting, tham chi cd nhi edn cho ±dm ea tidn cay
bua de nguoi khac lam rupng nhi minh. O Nhin La - mdt xi thuin ndng, it cd
h pn ttipng bo rupng nhat, song tir khi ed cic cdng ty gin dia phuone, thanh
men trong xi bd nghd ndng, di lim cdng ty. -Jln^Zng ndy t ^ ^ ^
tft
hau nhu cua nha nao thi nhd ddy cdy ddy di nhung gin Sy. nhiiu nguM di
lam a cong ty nenhifn luang cho thue hoge cha nhiing hd khdc cdy cOng tdng

feô, ô/,,.ã (D.T.X., nfl, 47 tudi, xa Nhin La, bidn bin phdng Z
s " f
Mp. phy nfl khac d xi Nhin La edn cho bidt: "Rupng dill cL k^dng. Thing
lay batky dong nap vdy md phdi tim ngudi di cho ddy. Ttnh trang n^ ngi
cang lan^ len clm co giam dl ddu'' (N.T.T., nfl, 53 mdi, xi Nhan' L!, b i n IZ
Yen cung cho hay: 'WAa tdi cd 6 sdo nhung ting cdy Id 3,4 mdu Ngud ta ™f
(vg chiem) cay 2.4 mau, vu ndy (vg mia) ngudi u, cho thim 1 mdu li 3 4
tnau.B^gia^hieunhdgplcho
ldm nhung tdiphdixem dd" (L.T.H nft 56
tudi, xi Toan Thing, bien bin phdng van siu sd 1). -Ndi liing Id mugn nhimg

TAP CHf TAM LynpC, Stf 9 (210), 9 - 2016

73


:w"»sa

n^wOT la cdng trd thic (co tinh chit Id biiu). Tru&c thi SOkg/sdo. sau Ihi 40kg.
rdi gi& cdn 20kg Trd sdn hay khdng trd cung thdi, chti ngu&i cd ddt ciing khdng
ddi hdi gi... Cd nhirng nhd cho khdng md ngudi ta khdng them cdy, thdm chi cho
30nghin/sao md hp cung khdng caf (N.T.V., nam, xi Toin Thing, bidn bin phdng
vin siu sd 2).
Tflc Ii nhidu gia dinh khdng cd didu kipn hay khdng muon Iim rupng
nhung vin mudn giu dit ndn cho ngudi khic muon/thud rupng dat, khdng lay
tidn, thim chi li cho thdm tidn dd ngudi ta nhin lim. Dudng nhu ngudi mudn
cho muon rupng nhidu mi ngudi mudn muon rupng thi it. Cho thud mupn rupng
dat ttinh dupe su ling phi tii nguydn dil, song cho thay mpt nghich I^: ngudi cd
rupng dit thi khdng mudn (hoic khdng the) su dung rudng dit, ngudi mudn sfl
dyng rupng dit cd thd thieu rupng dat.

Nhu viy, trong cic hinh thflc bd rupng, cic hd ndng din tham gia khio
sit chfl ydu Ii eho ngudi khic mupn hoic thud m^t phin rudng cfla minh. Ci
bidt cd mpt sd hp cho thud mupn toin bp dipn tich dit ndng nghidp cfla gia
dinh. Tri I^i rupng Ii hidn tupng ei bipt, khdng phii hidn tupng die thfl.
2.2. Nguyen nhin tim /ji cua hifn tupng bd rupng
Dudi gdc dp Tim ly hpc, chung tdi cho ting, hi$n tupng ndng din bd ru^ng
cd mdi tuong quan chit chd vdi cic khia c?nh tira ly ci nhin vi tim I^ xi hpi,
trong dd cd vin dd thii dd ddi vdi nghd ndng. Sd li^u khio sit trong bing 2 cho
thiy: Trong eic mdnh dd vd thii dO ddi vdi ngh^ ndng, "muon Iim nghd khic
cd thu nhip cao hon" cd ty Id ngudi eho 14 dflng cao nhit (63,2%); "khdng
thieh Iim nghd ndng vi khdng cd co hpi giiu" cung dupc 43,6% sd ngudi tham
gia khio sit cho li dflng. Cd thd ndi ring, vin dd hipu qui kinh td cfla nghd
ndng cd tic ddng tidu eye ddn thii dd cfla ngudi ndng din ddi vdi nghd ndng,
tfl dd dan ddn hidn tupng bd rupng.
Bang 2: Ddnh gid cita ngudi ndng ddn vi nguyin nhdn
bd rupng tgi dia phuong
Ty II %
Nguyen nhfin bd ru$ng

Khdng
diine

i. Khong thich lim nghe nong vi vat va, chan lam lay biin

38,9

2. Khong thich \im nghe ndng vi khdng cd CO hdi giiu
3. Khong ihi'ch lim nghe ndng vi day la cdng vijc nhim chin, buon li

74

Diing

43,6
67,5

TAPCHfTAM LyHOC, Stf9 (210), 9 - 2016


4 Khdng thich Iam ngh^ ndng %i nghi ndng khdng phit huy duoc hh
"la ning cua hin tha-

6. Mudn di thoii li, lap nghien g ihanh phd
7. Muon lam nhimg nghj khae cd ttu nliip cao hrni

61.4

38,6

66,8

33,2

60,1

39,9

36,8

63,2

55,8

44,2

8. Mudn lam nhiing cdng viec nhin ha hon
9. Mudn Um nhihig cone vife d.rgc id hoi coittpnthon
Biim tmng binh cua ihan^ do nguyfa nhan l3m iy

46,9
0,41

^ve ra^ tim ly khdng thich lim nghd ndng di xuit hidn tu liu, d ei ngudi
Wdn n h f " "^ P° : ^ ™» *-™81™ ^ nghS Wi^c ndn chung^di it ed S £
Sno MTkh?

\ ' ™ " ^ »8h« l**^
S . ttrong
t ^ Sxung'"•'"-'
' *sflc
™ lbd
* "ra.
' ' '*" ™'»8 ™ '^ "^ ^h" y«u la thu nhip
Knong
voi cong
,;;TT-eo em Ihi thi hi tre ^Id khdng muin gin bd vdi nghi ndng Vi trudc
eo«g /v ve ,?ay „en nhteu thanh niin cd viec ldm d cdc cong tv dd Trudc kta
odia^huangtlcdngtynin
thanh niin vdn ldm nghi ndng Nhung gid nhiiu

han rot nen chung no thich Ki cd con nhd em lie mdi W , ngSr! Id cOng
deluc do thich nghe gi la n, xin vao ldm duac. nic Id lie dd Id minh lua chon
tMlo7"r^'
'''f"'"^l>^°''S^oy'i'i}lo'"
nghi ndng O dia phtrong em
siu^il)
"""^ ^ ^^^•'
""' •" •""'• "^ ^ ^ " La, bidn bin phdng vin
va c,J^^^ "^ "'^ lif "ôã" *ã" "^'P *^P' " h ^ "i <*" ngai su vit
va cua nghe nong nen khdng mudn gin bd vdi rudng ddng. 46 9% sd ngu«
duac hoi cho ring, nguydn nhin bd rupng la do nguô din ããmu6n7i^nhta^
2 , ^ ? V ^ ™ i - * ^ " ' ' " ô " ^ ^"^ ã*'ô" "8ttdi din ddu nhin dtah
Amh men bay gia ng,, iam nghd ndng. "Cung cd mat si ngudi ngai khdng /im
t^n^, nhalb cac chau Ire, sg ldm rudng ma chi thich di r ^ n - ( N T H a"
41 tuoi, xa Vipt Hung, bidn bin phdng vin siu sd 8).
-5 - > -' -"-. "«.
Mi. khae. do dupc tao didu kien dd hpe hanh ndn thd hd tre it tham gia
sin xuat nong nghiep cung gia dinh. V, vay, hp eimg it gin bd vdi n g h i Z g

TAPCHlTAMLyH0C,S«9 (210), 9 - 2 0 1 6


I

hon. "Gid ldm ndng nghiip cSn^ nhdn, cdy bira xong Id gieo vdi, chir khdn,
phdt ciy nhu trudc nin khdng cdn phdi huy dpn^ hpi tre nira. Nen hpi h-e
CO dn va hgc nen tu nhd Id chung nd dd khdng gdn bo v&i nghi ndng" (N.T.
ntt, 41 tudi, xa Viet Hung, bidn bin phdng vin siu sd 8).
Ddi vdi hiu hdt thanh nidn, cung nhu ddi vdi nhidu ngudi d lua tu6i khic,
nghd ndng khdng phii Ii lya chpn dau tidn ma Ii lya chpn sau cCmg. "Ngu&i

ndo khdng ldm cdng ty thi m&i xoay ddng rupng, chu tdm ldp tre Id di ldm cdng
ty hit rdt. Chi yiu Idm nha nha mdi ldm rudng" (T.T.N., nu, 58 tudi, xi Xuin
Hda, bidn bin phdng vin sau sd 21). Cd thd ndi rang, vj thd nghd ndng ttong xi
hpi cung li mdt nguydn nhin khidn ngudi din khdng gin bd vdi ddng rudng.
Mic dfl, khdng nhidu ngudi cho ring nghd ndng hi xi hpi coi thudng, song
ngudi ta van mudn lira nghd khic. 44,2% sd ngudi dupc hdi cho ring vt mudn
lim nhttng cdng vide dupc xi hpi coi trpng hon ndn ngudi ta bd rupng, khdng
canh tic.
Nhttng ngudi gin bd vdi nghd ndng phin nhiiu Ii ngudi d tudi trung nidn,
ed trinh dp vin hda thip, khdng cd didu kidn tim kiim cdng vipc khac. "Gtd em
cd tudi rdi nin chi ldm cdy hdi vd ldm cdng tdc cua thdn xdm" (D.T.X., nfl, 47
tti6i, xi Nhin La, bidn ban phdng vin sau sd 7). "Chung quy lgi, tuii nhu chin^
tdi thi vdn phdi ldm rugng, vi khdng cd nai ndo nhgn ching loi vi ldm niia, niu
khdng ldm rupng nOa thi liy thdc ddu md dn, lay ddu md chdn nudi con gd, con
vil Vi thi md ndng ddn vdn phdi gdn bd v&i nghi ndng" (N.T.T., niJ, 53 tu6i, xi
Nhin La, bidn bin phdng vin siu sd 5),
Tuy lim nghe ndng nhun^ ngudi ndng din cd tam trang chin nin vi sin
xuit ndng nghipp cd thu nhip tfiip vi hay thua Io.
"O ddy cing il ngu&i ldm rugng, vl khdng cd cdng vifc gi thi mdi ldm
theo chu cdng chdn lim rdi. Nhiing nhd bd ru^ng thi loan di cdng ty hodc budn
bdn hodc di Hd Npi. Ngay xdm nhd ldi Id mpi ngu&i di hit, dpc chi cd dng bd
gid vd h-e con & nhd... Mpt si thanh ntin hTidc kia d nha ldm cdy cdnh nhung
gid thi chung lgp trtmg di ldm kinh ti hit. Chiing todn mua xe d td chgy, di taxi,
thg xdy" (N.T.D., ntt, 59ttioi,xi Toan Thing, bien bin phdng vin siu sd 3).

"Trdnf them dua chupt xudt khiu (dua chupt baotir)nhtmg diu ra khong
cd, gid tri thdp. Thuc ti, trudc kia Ihi mgt si ngu&i ldm, sau nhiiu nguditt-ongdgi
0-d. Nhung tdm ly cia ngudi ndng ddn Id niu nam nay md thdt bgi mgi vfi thi ndm
sau ndn" {N.V.T., nam, 31 tuoi, xi Toin Thing, bidn bin phdng van siu s& 4).
Thyc ra, nhttng ngudi Idn moi budc phii gin bd vdi ngh^ ndng, chu khdng

thyc sy ydu thich nghd niy. Han 70% s6 ndng din khdng mudn chuyen d6i nghl
nhung cung khdng Mo hung vdi nghi ndng: "Chip nhin hipn t,i, cd rujng thi
budc phii Iim", "Chip nh|n lim rupng li dd gifl dit". MOt chj phy nft cho bilt:
76

TAPCHfTAMLyHOC,Se(9(210),9-20l6


IhM^l-'^
"". !"" "^f^ ™ " « ' ^ « "^ "'^ nam nay rdi nhung ding khdng
Phdn IT 1u^•" ^ ™ ' " ""^ '*" "^P "•'• 1^ " ™'' *ô*"ô ngudn vdt tu nhr
tuhCSJC' " bin
"'"'ã
"""^van
^' siu
""^sd'^7). " " ™ '*' "^" (D.T.X, nft, 47
•uoi, xa NhanTLa,""bidn
phdng
mudn cTn l^L''f" **"^?^™8 ngudi Idn nidi, dang Iim nghd ndng eung khdng
Sng S
chfl S r - ' ' T f " ^ " ^ ' * "^^ "^-S h ^ • » cao Ai ho eho di i t
^t^t^nlha^H^f
1 " f " " ^ ^ " " * ô ã "ShJ ndng: CAdii /rm /am
S
?d X "
*° f""^ ''^ '^ "• ^ ^ " """S '^^n.ld mong mudn cdc
M^i^chft,
"^ r ? ™ . T ^ « "^ *^ "i " ^ 8ia li kdm edi. "Than^nlin d
^nSrSTZ^rK--**f'**"''*"^^""^'^'°***'(N.T.D.,ntt,
:>-i moi, xa Toan Thing, bien bin phdng vin siu sd 3).

JL

6 cic dia phuong, mdt Aye td dang tdn tai li:

M lin," !!""''-'' '1'™? ' ^ '•' * " ^ "™8 (tit ci eac Ainh vien ttong gia dinh
n^il^t-ThlT?'^^-"'
''u ™ ^''*"« 8'*- '*°"8 cd didu'wdn lam
cdn^J-rnvT"
*ã ?,' ' r '"" ^ - - ô ^ cong ty (N.V.L., nam, 52 mdt, xi Tin Quang, bidn bin phdng vin sau sd 12).
cflng mpt Iuc, mc Iam nhieu edng vide khic, ngoii nghd ndng "Niu chi ldm
twng khong thdi,hi khdng didn. thdm chi nghl, niuZ chi cd
Z^gZLg
ngaai nong nghifp ra nU di chg, thu mua ddng ndt. phi lieu; nam dl phu xT
fntmiasatthtveldm.
Nhuvdy. d&i sing do hp mdi khd han. chu'khlnTchi
stlSZ^'"?''"^^i,^''' "™' ^ T"™ ™ ^ 8 . W«n bin phdngM,
slu so 2). Nhur^g cong viec khic Audng cho thu nhip cao vi chidm nhidu Adi
gian hon ndn ttd thinh cdng vide chinh.
em nnieu moi
Vi viy CO Ai ndi ring, ddi vdi nhidu ngudi cdn sfl dung rudng dit dd
sin xua^ nghe ndng chi Ii mpt nghd phu vi hp cd Ad tranh tht S f r l n h
ra. Mp SO nguoi gli d cflng con chau, cOng tranh ftfl vua trdng ehiu vfta S n
mpng^ B^gio lam ruPng nhdn thi hp tranh thu tdn dung IhM gian thiiZ
chu nhglde lamvi todn bg gdn nhu diu ldm bing mdy chi cd c i thi Z ^ '
Hung b en bin phong van siu so 9). "Nhiiu ngudi h-e thi di cdng iy sdng dilii
ve. vgn tranh thu ve dm, cdy mdy sdo" (N.T.T., ntt, 53 tudi, xi N^an Z! b i ^
ban phdng van sau so 5).
' ""™

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Stf9 (210), 9 - 2016


Ben canh dd, cdn cd hidn tupng mpt sd hO chi su dyng rupng vao muc
dieh sin xuit Aye phim dung ttong gia dinh. Diy li l-j do Idn nhit cua nhflng
ngudi ndng din vin mudn tidp tuc Iim nghd ndng (87% sd ngudi khdng mudn
chuyen ddi nghd, vin mudn Iim nghd ndng vdi myc dich cd Aye phim s^ch
cho gia dinh). Mic du cd nhidu rupng. mpt sd hp gia dinh chi trdng ttpt ttdn
mdt phan rudng, Iiy Aye phim dung trong hd gia dinh, cdn lai cho ngudi khic
thud mupn hoic bd hoang. Mdt ndng din timg Iim chfl tjch hpi ndng din xa
cho hay: "Niu cu dd ndy thi cdy d day Id rdt It, chi mang tinh chdt giu rupng va
cd thdc dn thdt' (N.T.V., nam. xi Toin Thing, bidn bin phdng vin siu sd 2).
"Cd hifn luang dng bd gid sic yiu Ididng ldm duac thi cho con chdu ldm hodc
nhiing ngudi ldm cdng ty khdng cd thdi gian di ldm rupng nua thi hg chi ldm
vdt ba sda di Idy thdc dn, sd ddt cdn lgi thi hg cho ngu&i khdc ciy" (D.T.X., nft,
47 tudi, xi Nhin La, bidn bin phdng vin siu sd 7). Mjc dfl khdng phd bidn
song cd hien tupng mdt sd hp gia dinh d xa Xuin Hda, Vu Thu, Thii Binh ty
bd chi phi sin xuit vi thud ngudi Iim rudng tfl khau diu ddn khiu cudi dd liy
Adc in. "O ddy cd mpt bdc ldm nhu ndy: niu nhd ndo khdng cdy thi bdc iy cd
thi ldm hp, nhu kiiu thue bdc dy ldm tir ddu tdi cudi: tir ciy, chdm sdc. phun
thuoc. ggl. Chi din khi liy thdc vi dn Id dugc" (P.V.T., nam, 30 ttioi, xi Xuin
Hda. bidn bin phdng van sau sd 19).
Mic du didm trung binh thang do nguydn nhin tim Iy khdng cao (0,41)
nhung xin luu y mpt didu, ddi mong tta Idi bin^ hdi niy Ii nhftng ngudi dang
Iim nghd ndng. it nhidu hp cung gin bd vdi nghd ndng, khdng ng^i khd, khdng
ng,i khd. Ndu hdi ttdn nhftng ddi tupng khdng chpn nghd ndng (ma phin Idn Ii
Aanh nidn), thii dd cfla hp ddi vdi nghd ndng cd Id cdn tidu cyc ban nhidu.
2.3. Tdm ly chdn nghe nSng nhtmg muin gia rugng
Mic du khdnfrcdn thidt Aa vdi nghe ndng, hiu hit ngudi ndng din
khdng tti Iji rupng dit. Khdng tri Iai rupng dit nhung hidn mpng bd rupng

(Aeo nghTa ngudi ndng din khdng ttvc tidp canh tic trdn cliinh minh dit cfla
minh) ngiy cang trd ndn phd bidn. Sd hO gia dinh cho ngudi khac mupn rudng
dit hoic eho ngudi khie thud rupng dit ngiy cing ting; sd hp bd hoang rupng
dit cung gia ting. Tuy nhidn, bd hoang rudng dit khdng nhidu, cic hd gia dinh
chu ydu chpn hinh Aflc cho mupn, cho thud rudng dit nhidu hon. TTiyc tt?ng
dd phin inh vin dd: Mic du khdng cdn Aidt tha vdi nghd ndng nhung ngudi
ndng din van mudn gitt dit. Ngudi ndng din gift dit vl nhidu Iy do:
Thfl nhit^Ii dd phdng nil ro trong cdng vide. Rupng dit khdng nhieu,
hipu qui sin xuat ndng nghidp kdm, phin Idn ngudi dan chpn giii phip lim
thdm nhftng cdng vide khic, ngoii nghd ndng. Dd thudng Ii nhttng cdng vide
ddi hdi cd sflc khde hoic cd von nhu di Iim Auc, lim Ap, Iim edng nhan, tham

TAP CHf TAM Ly Hpc, Stf 9 (210), 9-2016


^a bu™ bin. l t a dich vu... Nhieu ngudi cd tim ly gift dit nhim myc dich cd Ai
" S n , h t ' T r ' ."'*' " ' ' ™ * " ' • ' ™ * ' ã "ô' "^i lim edng nhan, hdt
viec de lam hay kmh doanh, budn bin Aua Id...
chi Idml!^^

"S^^lim

cdng ty cd thi khdng cdn ruong dit nhimg ho cung

U f iDien
SbL
n hphong
d ^'^
i-a,
Ban

van siu sd 7). ã''"?"ô'**'ã*"'"^*-'"(^ãã^ã'f'na.47mdi,xi(Jhin
Vi viy, hp cung khdng mudn bin dit chp cac doanh nehido "Em khnnt,

Tu"ll"i^LT-tr'l"''''i'''
^^omptSinai.
hgmZdtlimm^Z
mMhi^^hfZ^
'^- ™ r ^"'^ "'" "-'^^ ^^' ">"^S -Sn Id ddt cia

Jidng viT^t fd t.

""' "" '^•™- "'• " •"°'' '' ^'ô' "ô' " - ^-

nhd khdTXthL"h'^'" '*"ã ^-"f^'" ^"^ "" **°"* ""''" "*'"« 'Aff"^

«Aa em i f "'™,"''°.™. «> ^A tto„„/, trong du dn dd diu dingy rii thi
I^Sd^T^
" r -7^ "''"' ''""« y- '^'""'S ^° '" ndnh chi goVdit vda
linil em kV f^ " ' • * ? ' '^ " ' " * ""' "" '^' ^^"Sy^ -hd niu ng^dt ta mua
da^thtem khon^ dongy. Trudng hgp ldm ndng nghiip thi em sdn sdng Vi NZ
^hmlThr^dnt""
° f l thi
' Hvdn
" ^duac
'" '"''""
- -Id di,
""ãô*cia
^Snldm
Chmh manh rupng cua mmh
ldm,SP

md "vdn
minh trin
Kiiu

tM

r''"""''" '^•'•''- "*•'''"'' "^ ^-^^ ^^' •"^"^^" pH^"8

vi h„ ™*'"''!- ^!** *^'-'''° ''^' *''™8- "^9' ^^ ngudi khdng Aich Iim rudns
vdi hv r : ' " ' ' ' ' ' " ; " *••;• ' " ? • "'" ""'P '^' " ^ "'•™8 "in mudn"S d i
vol hy vpng neu CO cac dy an lay dat, hpsd dupc mdt khoin tidn.
"Co nhirng hg khdng phdi cho mugn, cho khdng liy ttin md thdm chi
con CO hpcha cd tiin di thue mdy ldm di,. Mute dich Id
di^mr^^chilt.
hade CO thu nhap tu ngudn khdc hogc hd neo dan. khdng cd sue kMe Hp hv
vpng la CP nat tuia da thu hdi thi dugc bdi thu&ng Via rl. chimg iTcunghoo
va ca ch, dgo lg neu ngudi ddn khdng cd nhu ciu su dung thi frdaTdi NZ
tmoc guan ly hogc giaa cho hg khdc: khi anh cd nhu ciu lai,hi cSng khdZ 2o
Igicho anh. Nha nuac giap chp ddn rudng di sir dtmg ldm dd, ndng
nThlZ
khong phai so huu. Vi vgy. luan niim cua ngudi ddn la dd Ird lai fufng Id mi,

TAPCHfTAM LyHOC. Stf9 (210), 9 - 2016

79


nen van cd gdng giu rugng di chd ca hgi dugc din bit" (N. V.T., nam, cin bp xi,
xi Nhin La, bidn bin phdng vin siu sd 6).
Thyc trang bd rudng cfla ngudi ndng din tai cic dja phuomg khio sit

cdn cho Aiy mdt miu Auin ttong m duy cua ngudi ndng ilan: Mic dfl khdng
Aich lim nghd ndng, khdng su dung rupng nhung nhidu hp ndng dan cung
khdng mudn cho doanh nghipp hoic tu nhin thud liu dii du hp tta khoin cao
hon so vdi ty lim. Mdt sd hd gia dinh cdn bd hoang rudng dit, chu khdng cho
doanh nghidp Aud lai. Tai sao viy? Cd Ad li hp khdng tm mdng vio doanh
nghidp, sp phidn phflc, sa mit rudng, sp hdng rupng...

"COng cd mdt sd doanh nghifp di nghi thui din mdji chgc hecta. bd con
bdt) chdn ruong nhung cd ngudi vi ihui di trdng mdu. trdng ngd, hp trd 85kg
thdc/sdo nhung bd con cing khdng cho thue. Hade cd doanh nghifp trd ISOnghin
sdo/vvddng nhung khdng triin khai dugc vt bd con khdng ddngy... Cho ngu&i
la,hui ,hi hm nhung bd con chua tin lu&ng Nhd nhiiu rupng nhung ngir&l la
cing chi trdng may sdo khaai tdy di dn thdi, chu cung khdng di bdn Anh em
cung triin khai sudt tnd khdng dugc... Cung cd ngudi cd hr ludng lich tg rudng
ddt vi ngudi la mudn quay vdo ndng nghifp. chu khdng phdi di ldm dn xa
nhung ngudi ndng ddn vdn mudn giu dir (N.V.D., nam, 56 moi, cin bd xi, xi
Vipt Hung, bidn bin phdng vin siu sd 9).
,
"Ngay nhu tinh vd huyfn cing ra chi Iruang chinh sdch vd cd gpi y Id
neu Uy ban vd bd con nhdn ddn ddngy Ihi thdnh lgp mpt cdnh ding mdu l&n tuc la cho cdng ty ddu lgi rupng Ihi cdng ty se diu hr mdy mdc di ldm muang
mang. npi dong, dua sdn xudt lua chdt lugng Bd con cd thi ky hfp ding 5-10
natn. Nhirng m&l dua cdn^ vdn xuing vd dang bdn bgc. Thuc hifn cing rdt khd
Vila nhg, la ddn cd nhd, h-i khdng Mgc di, khdng thiit tha vdi ding rugng
nhung neu cho ngu&i khdc ddu rupng thi cling e nggi Id mdt ddt. Tdm ly cia
nguai dan Id nhu vgy" (P.V.T., nam, 30 m6i, xi Xuin Hda, bidn bin phdng vin
sau so 19).
,- s "
ui P^","?" ™*"8 *^^ ""^ nioi hp khdng nhiiu ndn tidn cho Aud cung
ehing ding ke. Cfl gift rudng khdng eho thud Ii ydn tim nhit, khdng sp phiin
phuc, khdng sp hdng rudng. Phii ching dd Ii tim IJ! in chic mie bin eua

ngud, nong din? Tim ly chin nghd ndng nhung mudn gift rupng it nhiiu inh
hudng tieu eye den vipc tich ty rudng dit - co sd cho vide phit triin nin ndng
nghipp Aeo hudng sin xuit hing hda quy md Idn.
3. Kit luan
- J^^t!^" * •"'' ^ '^'.^ P*""™* ^^^ "^ng vii nim gin day, hidn mone
Tnhi^"" f l . "'"^ ™*:? "'• " * "^ ' ^ ™*"8 '^' "=* "" "tdng ang mThTht
d nhttng xi Aam gta nghidn cflu niy khdng nhu viy. 6 nhttng dja phuanrtham
80

TAPCHfTAMLyHpC,Stf9(2IO),9-20l6


»

mS^^,.Z-Ti'^'

" ' ™'°S.^'.'='" 1* Wfn mpng die Au d ngudi ndng

2 1^11
'•.<'»','*™,8 *>*> ttdn cho vide canh tic (nhd Id. xa nhi). Hiu
nnu khong co gia dmh nao tta lai toin bd rudng dit. Mic dfl khdns tri Iai dit
oat cua minh de eanh tac) ngay cang n-d ndn phd bidn.

'

hfl „- ?°,!*J*"^ •''" '"^ ™^ "8hi ndng (Au nhip Aip, hay Aua Id ) nhidu
hp gia dmh dupe ehia dit ndng nghidp khdng edn Ai^Aa vdi nghd ndng ho
d u n g d i t ' n ' ^ ^ ' h ' - ™ ? ™ 8 , gift rudng la chfl ydu. Nhidu hp gia dinh e!n sfl
DhL i t th«^ ^T T ? * ' '°' "ô"* "8 ã*" ã* ã"?' nghd phy. Ho dinh
Sinh Do khd r " " i ? * " " ^^"« "*' ™ X'?-^ » » xuit Aye phim cho gi!

d nh. Do khorig muon Iam nghe ndng, do thidu lao ddng nhmig vin mudn gift
mdng diL Aam ch. la toan bd rudng dit cda gia dinh minh. Xu hudng niy cd
th hidnTIt ^h'- hf " ' " « "'"^ "^ '^° "«"« " ^ ^ * - mupn r n g i S
ta .hi ,h ' ^ ' 1^ T^
™ ™^"« ''^' * ' '*°"8 niudn Iim, ngudi mudn
1 ^ tta A eu rtipng dat. Vi viy, bd rudng Aeo nghTa khdng ttirc tie^su dung
cung li mpt sy ling phi tai nguydn dit.
' '"=P "''°Wng
ndn. H ^ ' ' ' ' " ' ' • ? ' "^^ •*"?• '^*"8 cdn Aidt Aa vdi rudng dit nhung ngudi
c t m t 7 J Z L f ' ^ " « ; . ^ ' ^ " « ' " g " ^ khae Aud L i e m u p n ' S
cua mmh. Tuy vay, ngudi nong dan rit e ngai khi cd nhftng td chflc hoic ei
nhan muon tjch ty rupng dit dd sin xuit Idn vi Audng khdng mudn gdp dit
Nguo, nong dan gift dat vdi nhidu muc dich nhu gift diTdd qufyTai nifno^nl'
dit, hudng den bu... Tuong lai, Nhi nude ta ein tidp mc ddi m« vd ehinh sich
dd nguoi nong dan (nhit Ii ngudi ndng din vflng ddng bing BirBd gi^ b ã
S^r.T*
^ " đ T ^^ ™*"8 dit nhim phit ttidn ndn ndng nghiep hidn
dj. Aeo huong san xuit hing hda quy md Idn.
s-icp mpn
T i i lifu tham khio

li^^^%^t-^^"J
"'i """^ '*'" ' ° "'^"S- Nen^n- Bio Didn tfl ciia Trung uong
176896.hnnl cap nhat ngiy 13/8/2013.
B-u«i oo ruong-

TAP CHf TAM LyHOC, Sd-9 (210), 9-2016