Độ tin cậy của thang đồng cảm toronto trên mẫu trẻ vị thành niên việt nam

OO TIN CAY CUA
THANG DONG CAM TORONTO
TREN MAU TRE Vj THANH NIEN VIET NAM

'^1

Bai vi^t la mot phan ket qua nghien ciJru d i tai cap co sd 2016: Thich nghi ban _ _
thang do dong cam Toronto tren tioc sinh lira tuoi 13 den 17 do Vi§n TSm Iy hoc chu tri,
TS. Dd Thi l e Hang lam chu nhi§m.

PGS.TS. Phan Thi Mai Huong
TS. Do Thi Le Hang
I ien Tdm Iv hoc.

TOM T.AT
\);hien cim duac thuc hien nhdm .xdc dinh mpt so ddc diem tdm trdc ctia thang
Ddng cdm Toronto tren mdu Ire vi ihdnh nien I 'iel Nam. Hai nghien cuu dd duac lien
hdnh. Xghien ciru thir nhdl duac ihuc hien vdi 1.033 hpc sinh lir Idp ' den 12 lai Hd
Xoi vd Ihdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (46% nam), ludi trung binh 14.68, de phdn lich item,
xdc dinh dp tin cdy Alpha cita Cronbach vd do lin cay phdn ddi ciia ihang do. Nghien
ciru thu hai dupe thuc hien vdi 77 hpc sinh lap 10 ihdnh phd Hue Irong hai Idn each
nhau 1 ludn de tim hiiu dp tin cdy tesl-relesl cua lhang do. Kel qud cho thdy, 4 item
cua thang do khdng ddp img cdc yeu can re dp lin cay nen hi logi bo khoi lhang do.
( (if item cdn Igi cd dp lin cay luang ddi cao. dam hao lieu chudn ve dp lin cijy Irong do
ludng cua thang do ndy.
Tir khoa: Thich nghi lhang do; Ddng cdm: Thang Ddng cdm Toronto: Dp lin
cdy: Alpha ciia Cronbach: Dp lin cc'iy phdn ddi: Te.tl-relesI: Vi ihdnh nien.
Xgdy nhgn hdi: 17/10/2016; Xgdy duvet ddng hdi: 25/11/2016.
Mddau
Dong cam va cau trdc eda ddng cdm
Ddng cam ddng vai trd rat quan ttpng trong ddi sdng xa hdi cua con ngudi.

Nhd ed ddng cam ma con ngudi cam nhan, higu dugc cam xuc cua ngudi khae
va cd kha nang dap lai mdt each thich hgp vdi trang thai cam xuc cua ngudi
khae. Quan h^ giira ngudi vdi ngudi trgn co sd dd ma dugc duy tri va phat trign
trong sy luong lac qua lai vdi nhau. Ddng cam cung la mdt trong nhiing khia
canh ma cae cdng cu do ludng tti me cam xuc dg cap dgn (Bar-On, 2006; Golcman,
38

TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213). 12-2016


2009; Pettides, 2010...). Tuy vay. nhimg dinh nghTa mang linh khoa hpc ve ddng
cam lai kha da dang. Balson (2009) tdng hgp tam dinh nghTa \g ddng cam dang
dugc sir dung hien nay, ttong dd. cd 2 djnh nghTa dugc ap dung phd bign. Dinh
nghTa thir nhat lign quan den sy higu biet. than hieu \g trang thai ndi tam cua
ngudi khae va dugc gpi la sy ddng cam mang tinh nhan thiic. Ddng cam mang
linh nhan ihurc dugc djnh nghTa la kha nang ITnh hpi dugc cam xuc ca nhan cua
ngudi khae, higu dugc cam xuc dd va cac su\ nghT cua hp. Cdn djnh nghTa thir
hai dg cap dgn cam giac "cung cam xuc ma ngudi khae cam thay", gidng nhu lay
lan cam xuc, dugc gpi la sy ddng cam mang linh cam xiic. Ddng cam mang linh
cam xuc la mdt qua trinh higu nhimg cam xuc cUa ca nhan khae. dap lai va chia
se nhiing cam xuc dd.
Mac du ca hai chigu canh nhan thiic va cam xiic dgu phan anh sy ddng cam
nhung lit nhiing gdc dp khae nhau. Chieu canh cam xuc cua ddng cam dugc cho
la phan iing thich hgp cua mdt ngudi vdi nhihig trai nghiem cam xuc ciia ngudi
khae. Vi du. khi ddng cam vdi mdt ngudi dang dau khd. ngudi ta cd thg cam thay
ndi dau ddn ciia ngutri dd, thuong xdt hp, \ i thg ddi xii nhe nhang va than ai vdi
hp dg lam dju bdt noi dau ciia hp. Dd nhu la mdt phan img vdi sy dau khd ciia
ngudi khae. Tuy nhign, thyc lg la mdt nguori cd cam xuc mong ly nhu cua ngudi
khae khdng phu thudc vao sy higu bigt \e \ice tai sao ngudi dd dau khd va dau
khd nhu thg nao, hau qua se din dgn dau. Ngugc lai, chigu canh nhan thirc ciia

ddng cam hudng dgn suy nghT \a hieu bigt. Nd la mdt qua trinh dya ttgn nhan
thirc. Trong chigu canh na>'. mdt ngudi ddng cam la mpt ngudi higu tinh hinh
hoac nhiing cam xuc va y nghT cua ngudi khae (Spreng \a cdng sy. 2009). Mdt
each dg higu. phuong dien nhan thiic cua ddng cam la higu dugc nhiing gi ngudi
khae cam thay. Cdn khia canh cam xuc cua ddng cam la cam lha> dugc nhimg gi
ngudi khae cam thay.
Do ludng dong cdm
Cimg vdi nhigu each higu vg ddng cam thi nhigu lhang do ludng ddng
cam cung ra ddi dg do cac chigu canh khae nhau. Trong cac kgt qua dugc cdng
bd vg ddng cam, mpt sd nha nghign eiiu nhan manh phuong dien nhan thirc
(Gallup \a Platek, 2002). trong khi nhiing ngudi khae nhin manh khia canh cam
xuc (Mehrabian \a Epstein. 1972). Tuy nhign. hau hgt dgu ddng y ring, ddng cam
bao gdm ca thanh phan nhan thiic \a cam xuc (Pecukonis. 1990; Shamay-Tsoory
va cpng sy. 2004; Dadds va cdng sy, 2008).
Cd thg dg dang tim thay nhiing lhang do ddng cam ciia cac tac gia nhu:
Hogan. 1969; Mehrabian va Epstein, 1972; Davis. 1980, 1983; Elliott va cpng sy,
1982; Caruso va Mayer, 1998; Lawrence, 2004; Wakabayashi va cpng sy, 2006;
Muncia- va Ling, 2006; JoIlifTe \ a Farrington, 2006; Dadds va cdng sy, 2008...

TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213). 12-2016

39


Vi du. thang do ddng cam cua Hogan (IIHS) gdm cd 64 item, lhang do
gdm 4 nhan td: Cai ldi xa hdi - Ldng tin (Social Self- Confidence); Tinh khi dn
hda; Tinh nha\ cam; Khdng xu thdi.
Thang do ludng ddng cam cam xiic danh cho ire vi thanh nien \a ngudi Idn
cUa cae lac gia Caruso \a Mayer (1998) dugc thigt kg de do ddng cam viVi cau tnic
gdm nhan thirc \a cam xuc. my nhign, ygu td cam xiic cua ddng cam dugc lap ttung

nghign cim nhieu hon. Thang do gdm 30 item, vdi 6 tigu lhang do: (1) Dau khd
mang linh ddng cam (Empalhic Suffering); (2) Chia se tich eye (Positi\c sharing):
(3) Dg xiic ddng (Responsive crj'ing); (4) Chu y cam xuc (Emotional attention); (5)
cam nhan cho ngudi khae (Feeling for other) va (6) l.a>' Ian cam xuc (limotional
contagion).
Thang ddng cam co ban (Basic f-.mpathy Scale BES) ciia JolIilTe va
Farrington (2006) gdm 20 item vdi thang digm Likert 5 bac, tir rat khdng ddng
y dgn rat ddng y. Qua trinh phat trign lhang do ciia cac tac gia da chi ra rang
ddng cam cd 2 thanh phan chinh la ddng cam cam xiic va ddng cam nhan Ihiic.
Mdt sd vi du trgn cho thay. tinh da dang vg cau true ciia cac thang do
ddng cam. Lich sir phat trien cac loai thang do nay lir trude cho tdi nay ciing
thay nhu cau sii dung lhang do ddng cam trong cdng tac nghign ciru va iing
I trgn the gidi ludn phat trign.
' Thang Dong cdm Toronto
Thang Ddng cam Toronto (Toronto Empathy Questionnaire - TEQ) dugc
xay dyng bdi Spreng \a cac cdng sy nam 2009 dg do ludng ddng cam d con
ngudi ndi chung. Trong qua trinh xa> dyng TEQ, cac nha nghien ciiu da danh
^ 1 ddng cam nhu mdt qua trinh cam xuc, vi the lhang do nay coi ddng cam la
mdt cdng cu phan anh mdt qua trinh duy nhit, trai ngugc vdi cac lhang do tuong
ty cho rang, ddng cam gdm hai thanh phin ddc lap la nhan thirc va cam xuc.
T EQ la kgt qua cua qua trinh nghign cuu, dugc rut ra tir 142 menh dg (item) vdn
dugc tdng hirp lit nhirng cdng eu danh gia vg ddng cam ciia cac lac gia khae
jSpreng, 2009). Day la lhang do ngin ggn, chi gdm 16 item, dugc diing dg do
ddng cam chung ma khdng chia ra cac chigu canh, vdi muc dich lam giam sy
khae bicl giiia cac lhang do hien thdi vg ddng cam (Toran va cdng sy, 2012).

I

TEQ da dugc thich nghi tren miu sinh vign Thd NhT Ky (Tolan va cdng
sy, 2012). cd dp lin cay Alpha = 0.79 va dp hieu lye kha cao. Trong qua trinh

thich nghi, 3 item cua TEQ da bj loai bd khdi phign ban tigng Thd. TEQ cung
dugc thich nghi vdi ban tigng Phap (Leiorain va cdng sy, 2013), dp lin cay = 0,71
va chi cd I chigu canh.
_ Thang do nay luomg ddi ngin gpn, dl thyc hien va dugc sir dung trong
nhigu nghign cim khae nhau cd lign quan dgn ddng cam. Nghien ciru nay dugc

40

TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213), 12-2016


^

thyc hien nhim tra ldi cau hdi, lieu thang nay du ticu ehuan \c do tin ca> khi
sir dung dg nghign cim nhflmg van dg cd lien quan ttdn mau tre \\ thanh nign
Viet Nam hay khdng?.
Phirorng phap nghien ciru
Mau nghien ciru
Mau nghign ciiu thii nhat gdm 1.033 hpc sinh lir Idp 7 dgn ldp 12 tai Ha
Ndi va thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, ludi trung binh la 14.68 (dp lech chuin 1.6 tudi),
trong dd cd 46% la nam. Day la mau thuan lien duge chpn theo cum, gdm loan
bd hpc sinh trong cac Idp hgc tham gia nghign eiiu. Cac em dugc phat bang hdi.
hudng dan each tra ldi. Thdi gian tta ldi bang hdi khoang 15 - 20 phut.
Mau nghign cim thii hai gdm 77 hgc sinh ldp 10, trong dd cd 32.5%
nam, la hpc sinh eua 2 Icip tai mdt trudng cua thanh phd Hug. Mdi em tra ldi
bang hdi 2 Ian, each nhau I luan.
Cong eu nghien ciru
Thang Ddng cdm Toronto: TEQ gdm 16 item, trong dd cd 8 menh dg
mang ndi dung duong tinh va 8 menh dg mang ndi dung am tinh. Thang do nay
sir dung lhang digm l.ikcrl 5 bac lir I den 5. thg hien tan suat xuat hien cac trai

nghiem, trong dd I la "Khdng bao gid" dgn 5 la "Ludn ludn"
Phan tich thong ke

Trong nghign cim nay, mdt sd phep phan tich thdng kg sau day da dugc
sii dung dg tinh loan dp tin cay ciia lhang Ddng cam Toronto.
He so tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach dugc tinh toan trong phan tich dp tin
cay cua lhang do d long thg va d cac nhdm khae nhau. He sd Alpha duge chap
nhan la tir 0,7 trd Ign. Ngoai ra, he sd luomg quan hieu chinh giita liem vdi thang
do khi item bj loai bd (Corrected corrclalion item - total) cung dugc sOr dung nhu
mdt tigu ehuan bd sung dg xac djnh gia tri ciia timg item.
He sd tuong quan Pearson eiia timg item \di tdng digm cua thang do
dugc su dung trong phan lich item dg phan tich dp tin ca>' timg item trong thang
do (item-total anh sis). 1 Ic sd tuong quan dugc chap nhan la tir 0,3 ttd Ign.
He sd tuong quan Pearson giira hai nira cua thang do (dugc phan chia
theo sd thit ly chin \a le) dugc dung dc phan tich do lin cay phan ddi. Bgn
c?nh dd. hg sd phan ddi Guitman va he sd phan ddi Spearman-Brown dugc sit
dung bd sung dg danh gia tdt hon loai he sd lin ca\ nay.
He sd luomg quan Pearson giiia 2 digm tdng thang Ddng cam Toronto eua
hai lan thyc hien lhang do dugc tinh loan de xac djnh he sd lin ca\ lest-retest.

TAPCHlTAMiynOC, Sdl2(2l3), 12-2016

41


Ngoai ra, thdng kg md ta ciing dugc su dung vdi cac thdng sd thdng ke:
digm trung binh. digm trung \ i, dp lech ehuan va cac chi sd ciia phan bd diem
nhu dp nghigng va dp nhpn ciia phan bd dg md ta digm ciia lhang do trgn mau
hpc sinh ludi vj thanh nign d nude la.
Tit ca cac phan tich thdng kg trgn duge tinh loan vdi img dung SPSS.

Ket qua nghien ciru
Phan tich item
Phan lich item phan anh sy dn dinh bgn trong thang do. Nd dugc linh loan
dya trgn mong quan ciia timg thang do vdi loan bp thang do. Phuong phap nay
dugc xay dyng dya ttdn nguygn Iy: bdi lhang do dugc thigt kg dg do mdt d|c
linh nao dd ngn mpi item cua nd cung phai do ciing dac tinh dd. Khi cac item
eiia lhang do dgu cd mong quan manh vdi loan bd lhang do, digu dd cd nghTa la
lhang do cd dp dn dinh cao hay dp lin cay cao. Khi lhang do cd nhigu item mong
quan yeu vdi tdng digm, digu dd cd nghTa la lhang do cd dp on djnh thap va dp
lin cay thip. Tit ca cac item cd he sd tuong quan vdi tdng digm nhd hon 0,3 deu
duge xem xet lai bdi chung thigu dn dinh va lam giam dp tin cay ciia thang do.
Phan tich item cho bigt gia tri eiia timg item trong thang do.
Kgt qua phan tich item-total dugc hign thj d bang 1 dudi day.
Bdng I: He sd tuong quan giira item vai tdng diem cua thang do
Cac item

Tvongquan
item-total

1. Khi ai do dang cam thay phan khich, toi co xu hudng cung phan khich theo

0,387"

2. Bat hanh cua ngudi khae khong lam phien nhieu den toi (*)

0,397"

3. Tdi cam thay budn khi thay ai do bj doi xur thieu ton trpng

0,500"

4. Ngudi d c^nh toi dang hanh phue hay khong cung khong anh hudng gi den
toi(•)

0,490"

5. Toi thich lam cho ngudi khae cam thay t6t hom

0,550"

6. Tdi CO cam giac nhe nhang. quan tam den nhftng ngudi kem may mSn hon
toi

0,523"

7. Khi mpt ngudi ban bat dau noi ve van de ciia minh, toi cd g&ng lai cau
chuy?n sang hudng khae (*)

0,282"

8. Toi cd the noi chuyen khi ngirdi khae buon, ngay ca khi hp khdng ndi bat cu
dieu gi

0,002

9. Toi thay rang tdi "ddng dieu" vdi tam trang ciia ngudi khae

42

0,418"

TAPCHfTAMlyHOC, 56 12(213), 12-2016


10. Toi khdng cam thSy sir cam thdng vdi nhOng ngudi tir gay ra cac benh
nghiem trpng cho chinh ho (*)

0.345

11. Tdi cam thiy khong yen/bj kich dpng khi co ai dd khoc (*)

0,556

12. Tdi khdng thuc sir quan tam den viec ngudi khae cam thay nhu the nao (*)

0,498'

13. Khi nhin thay ai do dang kho chju, dieu dd thiic giuc tdi phai giiip hp

0,517

14. Khi thay ai dd bi doi xir bat cdng. tdi khong cam tha\ su thiromg hai doi
vdi hp (*)
_^_

0.451

15. Toi thay vige mpi ngirdi khoc vi hanh phiic that la ngd ngan (*)

0,465

16. Khi nhin thSy mpt ai do bi lai dung, tdi cam thay phai bao \ c hp theo mot
each nao dd
Ghi chu: (*): Cdc Hem nghich ddo: Miicy nghTa: *:p< 0.05: **; p < 0.01.

0,526

Kgt qua phan lich item cho thiy cd 2 item cd he sd mong quan < 0,3 vdi
digm tdng cua lhang do. Dd la item sd 7 va 8. Day la nhimg item khdng lot, the
hien su khdng dn djnh nhat trong sd cac item cua lhang do Ddng cam nay trgn
mau trg vj thanh nign Viet Nam.
Do tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach
Day la dp lin cay danh gia sy dn dinh bgn trong ciia thang do. Nd dugc
tinh loan dya trgn luong quan ciia timg item vdi tdng ciia cac item cdn lai ciia
lhang do. Kgt qua phan tich cho thay do lin ca\ cua lhang = 0,74. Tuy he sd nay
vugt mirc chip nhan dugc nhung xem xet tuong quan ciia timg item vdi tdng cac
item khae ciia thang do thi thiy cd 4 item cd he sd tuomg quan (dudi 0,25) gdm
item sd 2. 7, 8 va 10. Dd la nhiing item khdng tdt, cd thg can dugc loai bd khdi
thang do dg lam tang dp tin cay eua nd. Digm dang luu y. day dgu la nhiing item
nghjch dao (trir item sd 8).
Dp lin cay Alpha cua Cronbach cua lhang Ddng cam Toronto vdi day du
16 item va khi loai bd 4 item trgn dugc hign thi d bang 2 dudi day. Sau khi loai
bd 4 item nay thi do tin cay cua thang tang Ign thanh 0.76, tuomg quan cua timg
item vdi ldng cae item khae ciia thang do dgu ldn hom 0,3.
DOr lieu vg he sd lin cay Alpha d bang 2 cho thay, he sd nay dgu lit 0,7
trd Ign, phan anh sy luomg ddi dn djnh cua lhang do d tat ca cae nhdm gidi tinh
va lua tudi duge xem xet. He sd tin cay dao ddng lit 0,70 dgn 0,79, trong dd,
khdi Idp 8 va ldp 11 cho kel qua vg he sd lin cay thap nhat. chi dat 0,70 va 0,72
luong irng, cdn ldp 7 va ldp 9 cho kgt qua cao nhat, dat 0,77 va 0,79 tuong
ling. Sy chgnh lech nay khdng phan anh quy luat he sd lin cay tang hay giam

theo lira tudi ma cd thg luong ddi ngau nhign.

TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213), 12-2016

43


Bdng 2: Dp tin cdy Alpha ciia Cronbach cua thang
Ddng cdm Toronto a cdc nhdm

Gidi tinh

Khoi Idp

Alpha ciia Cronbach
16 item

Alpha ciia Cronbach
12 item

Nam

0,73

0.75

NCr

0,74

0,76

Ldp 7

0,72

0,77

Ldp 8

0,71

0,70
0,79

Ldp9

0,77

Ldp 10

0,74

0,75

Ldp 11

0,70

0,72

Ldp 12
Tong

0,77

0,76

0,74

0,76

Do tin cay phan doi
Dp tin ca> phan ddi la dp tin cay eiia 2 nira thang do. Day la dp tin cay
dugc tinh loan bing so sanh kgt qua ciia hai niia test. Ve m^t ly ihuygl, mpt
thang do cd dp tin cay cao thi cac item ciia lhang do ddu cd quan he chat che
vdi nhau, vi thg viec phan ddi sd item ciia lhang do phai lao ngn 2 phign ban
tuong duong nhau va chiing phai cd tuong quan vdi nhau. Vi phai chia lam hai
ngn dg danh gia dugc dp tin cay phan ddi thi sd lugng item eiia thang do nay
khdng dugc qua it. Khi cd qua it sd lugng item, rdi lai phai chia ddi thi sg anh
hudng dgn kgt qua cua he sd luong quan (hay la dp lin cay phan ddi). H? sd lin
cay phan ddi se nhd hon dp tin cay thyc sy cua lhang do.
Bang 3: He sd tin cdy phdn ddi ciig thgng Dong com Toronto
Cac loai h^ so tin cay phan doi

H$so

H? so tucmg quan giOa 2 niia thang do (6 item)

0,636

H| so phan ddi Guttman

0,771

H? so phan ddi Spearman-Brown (hai nura bSng nhau)

0,778

He sd phan ddi Guttman va he sd phan ddi Spearman-Brown ciing dugc
sit dyng dg danh gia dp tin cay phan ddi.

44

TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213). 12-2016


Kgt qua vg dp lin cay phan ddi cho thiy he sd tuong quan giura hai niia
lhang do (mdi nua cd 6 item) la 0,64. Day la mpt chi sd khdng cao. chua dat
miic 0,7 la dp Idn chip nhan dugc ciia he sd tin ca\. Tuy nhign, do mdi niia chi
cd 6 item, tiic la so lugng item it ngn he sd nay se ihap hon he sd lin cay thyc
eua thang do. He sd lin cay phan ddi ciia Guttman \ a Spearman-Brown dugc
xem xet dg xac djnh he so tdt hon. He so tin cay cua hai niia thang do theo chi
sd he sd tin ca\ phan ddi cua Guttman va Spearman-Browm dgu ldn hon 0,70,
cho thiy cac item eua lhang do kha tuong duong nhau trong do ludng sy ddng
cam d miu nghign ciiu. Sy tuomg duong na> dugc thg hien d cac chi sd thdng
ke md ta ciia hai nira lhang do trgn bieu dd 1.

•.••trfrKTi
T4nf dltMntf*i>Hr»ul

lAng tfMiii nva thw nhit

Dp nghieng; -0,227

Diem trung binh: 21,28
Diem trung vi: 21.00
Dp lech ehuan: 4,08
Dp nghieng: -0,315

Dp nhpn: 0.053

Dp nhpn:-0.001

Diem thap nhat: 6,00
Diem cao nhat; 30,00

Diem thap nhat: 6,00
Diem cao nhat: 30.00
Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach: 0,585

Diem trung binh: 21.22

Diem trung vi: 21.00
Dp l?ch ehuan: 4.07

Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach: 0.578

Ghi chii: Xua thu nhdt gdm cdc item sd: 1.4.6. II. 13. IS 13 Hem nghich dao: 4, II vd 15);
\mi iln'r Inn gom cdc Hem .so. 3, 3. 9. 12. 14, 16 (2 item nghich dao: 12 vd 14).

Biiu dd 1: Phdn bd diem ciig hgi nirg thgng do
Xem xet cac chi sd thdng kg va bigu dd cua hai niia. moi nira gdm 6 item
eua thang Ddng cam Toronto cho thay ca hai niia lhang do deu liem can phan bd
chuin vdi pham vi ciia digm sd dat dugc tir digm thap nhat dgn cao nhat ciia

TAP CHl TAM l y HOC, S6 12(213). 12-2016

45


thang digm nay vdi 6 item (tir 6 dgn 30 digm). Cac chi sd thdng ke kha luong
duong nhau d ca hai bdn. Digu nay cho thiy. hai niia lhang do la tuong duong
nhau ttong do ludng ddng cam d mau trg vi thanh nign Viet Nam. Tuv nhign, do
moi niia chi cd 6 item ngn do lin cay cua moi nira la mong ddi thap. Vi thg.
khdng ngn dimg I nua thang do nhu phign ban nil gpn dg do ludng ddng cam
mdt each ddc lap ma phai diing ca thang do.
Do tin cay Do - do Igi (test-retest)
Day la dp tin cay dugc tinh loan bing each so sanh kgt qua ciia digm trie
nghigm tten ciing mdt ddi mgng, dugc do ttong hai lin khae nhau ve thdi gian.
Tuong quan digm sd cua hai lin do nay chinh la dp tin cay test-retest cua lhang do.
Dg xac djnh do tin cay test-retest, thi nhdm ddi mgng se thyc hien thang
do trong 2 lin each nhau mdt khoang thdi gian nhit dmh. Khoang thdi gimi nay
khdng qua ngin dg loai bdt anh hudng eua tti nhd, cua kinh nghiem dgn kgt
qua lam lhang do nhung khdng dugc qua dai dg kel qua thang do khdng chju
anh hudng nhigu bdi tac dpng cua hoan canh bgn ngoai tdi ddi tugng lam lhang
do hoac anh hudng cua Ihdi gian ldi dac linh dugc do.
Vdi thang Ddng cam Toronto, thang do dugc thyc hien hai lin, each nhau
I min, ttdn miu 77 hpc sinh ldp 10 lai thanh phd Hue. Kel qua phan tich mong
quan test-retest ciia hai lan do la: 0,507.

Ngu xgt theo dp Idn ciia h? sd tuomg quan Ihl day la h? so tuomg quan
mong ddi manh. Nhung vdi ygu ciu vg dp tin cay test-retest thi dd l?i la mpt
kgt qua khdng cao, phan anh sy khdng that dn djnh eua lhang do theo thdi gian.
Digm dang luu y la khoang thdi gian giiia hai lin do chi la 7 ngay, mpt khoang
thdi |ian tdi thigu dg do ludng dp tin cay test-retest. Trong khoang thdi gian
dd, vg cupc sdng, it cd sy dao Ipn dg din dgn thay ddi vg ddi sdng lam ly ddi
vdi con ngudi ndi chung. Nhung cd diem dang chu y la ddi tugng thyc hi?n
thang do la trg d liia ludi vi thanh nign dang di hgc, la nhiing ngudi chua thyc
sy dn djnh vg tam ly trong qua trinh phat trign. Ddi sdng trudng hpc (bao gdm
hpc tap, quan h^ b^n bg, thay cd, npi quy trudng hpc.) khdng ITnh ma tuong
ddi dpng, vi v^y cd thg cd nhiing tic dpng nhat djnh. tire thdi ddn hpc sinh.
Trong qua trinh thu th$p dil lieu, chiing tdi da bd qua cac ygu td sy ki^n trudng
hpc nay trong khoang thdi gian nghien ciru ngn khdng cd dugc nhiing luan giai
chinh xac. Day ciing la bai hpc khi nghign cim dp tin cay cua thang do: can md
rpng hom npi dung thu thap thdng tin tir thyc dja dg xac djnh nhiing yiu td ed
thg tac dpng dgn npi dung do ludng.
Phan bo diim cua lhang Ddng cam Toronto
Vi?c xem xdt phan bd digm ciia thang do cho phdp nhin nhan tdt hon v^
chat lugng cua die item thanh phin cua thang do trong tdng the ca thang do.

46

TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213). 12-2016


Digm cua thang E)dng cam Toronto dugc tinh bing digm tong cua 12 item
thanh phan sau khi da ddi digm mdt sd item nghich dao ciia thang do. Diem thap
nhat trong thang didm nay la 12 va cao nhit la 60.
Phan bd digm ciia lhang nay trgn mau tre vi thanh nign dugc hign thj d
bigu dd 2 dudi day. Didm dat dugc cua mau thip nhat la 16 (thg hien sy ddng

cam d miic thap) \ a cao nhat la 30 (thg hien sy ddng cam d mirc cao nhat). Dai
digm nay cho thay kha nang phan biel ciia thang do trong danh gia mirc do ddng
cam eua hgc sinh tudi \ i thanh nidn. Bidu dd 2 cdn cho thay. phan bd digm gan
dat phan phdi ehuan vdi didm trung binh ciia ldng diem = 42.5 (dp Idch ehuan =
7,4) gan nhu mong duong vdi didm tnmg \ i = 43. dp nghieng % a dp nhpn ddu gan
gia trj 0 (bang -0.25 va 0,03 mong iing). Day la mdt phan bd ly mdng dg tign
hanh cae phan tich tigp theo \'e dp hieu lyc ciia lhang do na>.

/^
/piillillj
T^-r-rft^il J'lllllilnll
Tinfl dUô ô ô ã côB. 13 MMB

Bieu do 2: Phdn bd diem tdng thgng Ddng cdm Toronto
Ket luan
Kgt qua nghign cim dp tin cav' ciia thang D ^ g cam Toronto trgn mau trg
vi thanh nign Viet Nam cho thay mdt sd digm sau:
Thii nhat. thang do cd 4 item thigu tinh dn djnh, khdng ddng nhit vg ndi
dung do ludng sy ddng cam nhu cac item khae cua thang do. khidn cho thang
do chua dat dp tin cay cao vd tdng thg.
Thir hai. sau khi loai bd cac item nay. dp tin ca> ciia thang do tang Ign.
tinh dn djnh bgn ttong cua thang do cao hem.

TAPOHITAMiyHOC, S6I2(2I3). 12-2016

47


Thii ba, lhang do cd su dn dinh bgn ttong vdi lung nhdm ddi tugng theo
gidi linh va lira mdi (mang iing vdi khdi Idp) eua ire vj thanh nien.

Thii m, cac chi sd \g dp tin cay phan ddi thang do cho tha> linh dn djnh
bgn trong cua lhang do tuomg ddi cao.
Thii nam. dp tin cay tesl-relesl ciia lhang do cdn tuong ddi thap. the hien
sy thigu dn djnh theo thdi gian ciia thang do nay trdn mau tre \ j thanh nidn.
Nghien ciiu \e dp tin cay cua lhang do cdn cho thay van de \c sy mong
ddng cung nhu khae bidt van hda trong cac bidu hien vg sy ddng cam. Phan Idn
cae item dat do lin ca\ ciia lhang do cd the coi la nhumg bigu hien tuong ddng
vdi nhimg bieu hien vg ddng cam d ngn van hda Viet. Cdn nhiing item bi loai bo
khdi lhang do la nhiing item the hien sy khdng ddng nhat vdi item khae trong do
ludng sy ddng cam nhung nd ciing phan nao ndi Ign sy khae biet trong nhiing
bidu hien nay. Sy khae biel nay cd thg xem xet d 2 khia canh: hoac la chiing
khdng thyc sy la bigu hien ciia ddng cam d ngn van hda nude ta, hoac la each
dien dat cac bigu hien nay trgn ngdn ngir tigng Viet cd the kha dac thii. 0 khia
canh nay, chung tdi nhan thay ring 3 trong 4 item bj loai bd dgu la nhiing item
nghjch dao. Vg mat ngdn ngu, item nghjch dao Ihg hien lu duy phii djnh. Lieu
chung cd la binh thudng ddi vdi tu duy ciia ngudi Viet hay khdng la vin dg dugc
dat ra d day.
Nghign cim chua du dil lieu dg ly giai sy bit dn djnh theo thdi gian ciia
thang do. Ngoai ra. thang do cung can duge danh gia qua cac dac digm tam trie
khae nhu do higu lyc khai ni?m kign tao, dp hi?u lyc ciu tnic, dp hieu lyc phan
bi?t, dp hieu lyc dy bao dg danh gia vg chit lugng do ludng cua lhang do nay
ddi vdi tre d tudi vj thanh nien d Viet Nam.
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