Vài nét về thực trạng việc làm theo thời vụ than niên nông thôn tại thành phố

VAI NET VE THL/C TRANG VIEC L A M
THEO THCfl VU CUA THANH NIEN
NONG T H O N TAI C A C THANH PHO
ThS. Mai van Hi\
Vien Tdm ly hpe.
T6M TAT

Thanh niin ndng thdn ra cic thinh phd Idn tim kii'm viic ldm, dil hp khdng cd
trinh di tay nghi cao, dang Id mil xu hudng khd phd bii'n hiin nay. Kit qud nghien
cifu lid eho thdy, ly do chinh thuc ddy thanh niin ndng thdn ra thinh phd tim kiem
viic lim la de ndng eao thu nhip cho bdn thdn x'i gia dinh. Tuy nhien, khi ra thinh
phd lim kii'm cdng viic, thanh niin ning thdn phdi duang dau vdi khdng it khi khan
tit diiu kiin dn d, den cdng viic vdt vd, nguy hiem va hp luin biy td mong mud'n dupc
lim viic, phdt trien kinh li'tren chinh qui huong minh.
Ttt khda: Thanh niin ning thin; di cU; viec Idm; ra thinh phd lim viic.
Ngiy nhan bii: 14/3/2012; Ngay duyit dang bii: 20/8/2012.
1. Bat van de
Trong cudn "Nidn gidm thdng ke 2010" do Tdng cue Thdng ke phat
hanh nam 2010, ca nudc cd 9,7 tridu ngudi di cu ndi linh va lidn tinh. Thanh
nien ndng thdn ra thinh phd tim kie'm nhung viec lam thdi vu, tam thdi bdn
canh nhttng mat tfch cue (lao them thu nhdp, viec ldm cho ngudi lao ddng, dieu
ciiinh lai mttc dd chenh lecli vl thu nhap gitta ndng thdn va thanh phd, cung cdp
ngudn nhdn Ittc cho thi Irudng dich vu da dang lai cac dd thi...) cung gdy ra
nhttng mat tidu cue, tac ddng khdng nhd tdi cudc sdng d dd thi nhu an ninh trdi
III, sttc ep ddn sd, chdt Ittpng cudc sd'ng ndi chung. Vi vdy, viec tim hiiu thuc
trang viec ldm theo thdi vu cua thanh nien ndng thdn la rdt cdn thill nhim cd
nhttng chinh sdch hd tro, tao diiu kien eho thanh niin ndng thdn cd thi lap
than, Idp nghiep mdt cicii td't nhdt.
Khach Ihl nghiin cttu dupc lua chpn la 650 thanh niin ndng thdn, dp
nidi ttt 16 de'n 30. Dia bin nghien cttu thudc 4 linh Thai Binh, Hda Binh, Khanh
Hda vd Tien Giang. Ddy la cdc linh dai dien cho cac vung miin Bic - Trung Nam; ddng bing - trung du miin nui - ven biin.

TAPCHiTAM LYHOC, Sd9 (162), 9 - 2012

83


Dl tlm hiiu thtic trang vi^c ldm theo thdi vu cua thanh nidn ndng thdn
tai cdc thinh phd, chttng tdi stt dung cdc phuong phdp nghiin citu: diiu tra
bdng bdng hdi vdi thanh tiien ndng thdn; phdng vdn siu vdi cdn bd chfnh
quyin, doin thi tai dja bin nghien cttu; thu thip, tim hiiu cdc tii liiu vl tinh
hinh di ddn ra thinh phd tlm kiim vile lim dl c6 thdng tin phuc vu cho kit qua
nghien cttn.
2. Kit qui nghiin curu
2.1. Bdng corra Ihdnh phd ldm viic cua thanh niin ndng Ihdn
Oi tim hiiu I-} do di cu ra thdnh phd cua thanh nidn ndng thdn, chttng tdi
da dua ra cdu hdi: 'Theo bqn, ly do vi sao hiin nay cd nhiiu ihanh niin ndng
thdn ra cdc Ihdnh phd'Idn tlm kii'm viic Idm dd hp khdng cd trinh dd, tay nghi
cao?". Bing sd liiu tdng hpp ttt cdu hdi niy nhu sau:
Bdng I: Ly do Ihanh niin ndng ihdn ra thdnh phd'tim kii'm viic Idm (%)
GIdl tinh

Dia b i n
Tien
Giang

Khinh
H6a

Chung

80,0

54.2

61.9

64.0

65,8

62,9

65,5

53.3

55.4

42.5

54.9

51.5

27,1

21.3

20,6

25,8

40.2

25.7

20.6

29.2

32.9

22.3

17.5

22,7

23,0

45.5

53.8

28,0

70,3

29,2

46,3

48,0

19.3

17,7

24.4

15.4

22,5

14,7

18.8

0 Ihinh phfi nhiju dich
vu. giai tri

27,7

20.6

16.0

18.9

33.3

20,7

22,6

Khfing thi dfi cao ding,
dai hpc ra Ihinh phfi cho
da i p lire

29.6

39.2

29.3

30.9

34,2

35.4

32,3

TT

CicIf do

1

Nam

NO

Thil
BInh

Hoa
Binh

d qu£ kh6ng tlm dut^c
vific Ikn

62,6

60.8

48,8

65.7

2

Cfing vific 6 ihftnh phfi
duoc tri cfing cao hon

62,3

73,8

72,0

3

Mufin diroc mb
1 ^ nhin

49.2

577

4

0 que bu6n chin vl mpi
ngirdi di 1 ^ an xa

22.3

5

Mufin dude khing d)nh
ban IhAn

6

Ra Ihinh phfi lim vi«c
luc nfing nhin

7

Di Iheo ban bt cho vui

8
9

mang

Sd lieu ttt bang trdn phan dnh ly do thttc ddy manh me nhit khie'n thanh
nien ndng thdn ra thanh phd lim kiim viec lam la cdng vile d thanh phd dttpc

84

TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9-2012


tra cdng cao hem, vdi 65,5% sd lupng khdch thi dupc hdi lua chpn. Thuc ll
cudc sd'ng cua thanh niin ndi riing vi ngttdi ndng din 6 cdc vttng ndng thdn
ndi chung cho thdy, nl'u chi trdng cdy vdo ngudn thu nhdp ttt ddng radng thi rdt
khd dl ngttdi ddn cd thi dam bio cudc sd'ng ctta minh. Mdt ngudi ndng ddn
trung binh cd khodng mdt sio rudng. Vdi mdt sio rudng dd, hp cd thi canh tie
hai vu Itta trong ndm vi mdi vu niu thdi till dim bdo (khdng bi bao lut, ban
hdn, siu binh...) thi ngudi ndng ddn cd thd thu vl khodng 300 - 4Cio kg thdc. "Ttt
ldng thu niy, ngudi ndng ddn cd thi bin thdc vi thu vl khoang 2 trilu ddng
cho mdi vii sin xuit. Dd Ii cdn ehua tfnh tdi nhihig chi phf khdc cho qua trinh
san xudt nhu phdn bdn, gid'ng, thudc trtt sdu, thue nhdn cdng Ittc vio vu thu
hoach, ihul ciy btta... Tic gii Nguyln Quang Thilu cho ring, trung binh thu
nhdp eua ngttdi ndng ddn khoang 40.000 ddng/lhang. Cd thi ndi, ddy Id mdt
thuc ll vi chinh vi thi, 1^ do thu nhip ttt cdng vide lam thue d thinh phd dupe
tta cdng cao hon lam ndng nghiep khie'n Ihanh nien ndng thdn ra di cu ra thinh
phd lam vide la hoin todn hctp IJ.
Ly do cd ty Id lua chpn cao thtt hai li vi d que khdng lim dupc vide ldm

vdi 61,9% sd ngudi dupc hdi. Bin canh ly do thu nhap qua tha'p nhu d tren, thi
ly do khdng lim dupc vile lam cua thanh niin ndng thdn khie'n hp phai ra thanh
phd lim kii'm vile lam cho thd'y, bttc tranh ed phdn kem Ittoi sang vl cudc sd'ng
va cdng vide cua thanh nidn tai dia bdn sinh sd'ng. Cung chinh vi ly do nay mi
CO tdi 48% sd khdch thi lua chpn phuong dn tranh thu Ittc ndng nhin ra thdnh
phd lam vide, din mua vu lai quay vl nhd.

Trao ddi vdi chttng tdi vl vin dl thanh nien ndng thdn ra thanh phd lam
viec, mdt can bd doin lai Qujuh Phu, Thai Binh cho rdng: Xu hudng di eu ra
Ihinh phd tuy cd nhiing tde dpng tiiu cue nhung vdn tqo dieu kiin de thanh
niin ndng thdn cd them thu nhdp. Hp se Idm viic mdt sd ndm dcac thdnh phd
khi cd vd'n rdi thi Iqi tiip luc Idm dn d nhd, cd tiin sda nhd cita, chdm sdc con
cat, bdme gid... Dp tuoi chd yiu di cU ra thdnh phd ndm trong khodng 20 -45.
6 cdc Idng qui bdy gid chd yiu la ngudi gid vd tre con (Phd bi thu huyen doan
Quynh Phu, Thdi Binh). Nhung thdng lin ndi tren eung cdp cai nhin ddy du hon
ve thttc trang di ddn ra thinh phd cua thanh nidn ndng thdn.
Trong sd cac ly do thanh nidn ndng thdn ra thinh phd lim vide, ly do
"mud'n dupc md mang ldm nhin" cd ty le lua chpn khd cao (51,5%). Rd ring,
day Id ly do cd ndi dung khac bin nhttng ndi dung tren. Cd Ihl dieu dd xudt
phdt ttt ddc thu tam ly cua thanh nidn, thfch hudng tdi nhttng diiu mdi me, nang
ddng... khie'n hp mud'n ra thanh phd tim viec lim.
So sanh cic ly do khiin thanh nien ndng thdn ra thinh phd lam viec cd
the thiy sir khdc biet rd net d nhdm dia ban nghidn cun d mdt sd ndi dung. VI
du, ly do "d qui khdng tim duac viec Idm" cd tdi 80% khach Ihl trin dia ban

TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012

85

Tiin Giang lua chpn trong khi Thdi Binh 48,8%; "cdng viic d thdnh phd^duac
trd cdng cao han": Thdi Binh: 72,0, Khdnh Hda: 62,9; "ra thdnh phd'Idm viic
liic ndng nhdn": Hda Binh: 70,3, Thdi Binh: 28,0.
Dl cd Ihl IS giii su khdc bill rd nit vl t} II lua chpn ndi trin phii xuit
phdt ttt chfnh die diim phit triin kinh t l - xa hdi ctta dia phucmg. Dia bin
huyen Cai Ldy (Tiin Giang) noi tiin hinh khdo sdt cd ft cdc khu cdng nghiip
vi khdng cd nghl trayin thdng (nhu Idi cia m^t cdn bd x i doin Long Khinh,
huyin Cai Liy), trong khi dd, huyin Qujnh Phti (Thdi Binh) li dja bin cd
nhiiu nginh nghl truyin thdng. Mdt cdn bd doin d huyin Quynh Phti true tiip
lim vile vdi chung tdi da cho bill: I*(ghl truyin thdng tucmg ddi nhiiu: lim
chiiu cdi d xa An Tring, An VD, lim bttn bdnh da d Ddng Hii, An My, lim gd
6 xa An Ddng... Mdt sd cdng ty (Sao Vdng, Hoing Anh...) hing ndm thu httt
khodng 2000 lao ddng trin dia bin. Su khdc biit vl ngdnh nghl truyin thdng
cung nhu cdc doanh nghiip thu httt lao ddng trin hai dia bin ndi trin din din
ty II lua chpn IJ do khdng tim dupc vile lim d qui cung khdc nhau rdt rd nit.
Dd'i vdi ly do ra thinh phd lim vile Ittc ndng nhin, thanh niin dutJc hdi
tai Hda Binh cd ty le lua chpn cao nhil (70,3%) vd thanh nien dupc hdi tai Thii
Binh cd ly le lua chpn thdp nhdt (28%) cung xuit phdt ttt ddc diim: Huyin Cao
Phong (Hda Binh) noi dja bin tiin hinh nghiin cttn canh tic rdt nhiiu mia
dudng vd cam, vi Ihl cdn nhiiu nhdn lire Ittc thu hoach...
Cd Ihl ndi, su khdc bill ndi trin cho thiy, trong chinh sich ddi vdi thanh
niin ndng thdn cdn phai tfnh din ddc thtt cua timg vung miin nhdm phit huy
td't nhit Ipi Ihl' kinh t l xa hpi cua dia phuong vi tao su thudn Ipi cho thanh niin
trong Idp thdn, Idp nghiep.
2.2. Thuc trang cong viic vd nhung khd khdn thanh niin ndng thdn
gap phdi khi ra thdnh phd ldm viic
Dl tim hiiu thuc trang cdng viec cua thanh nidn ndng thdn tai cdc thdnh
phd, chung tdi dua ra cdu hoi: "Khi ra thdnh phd ldm viec. cdng viec md thanh
nien ndng ihdn ihudng ldm Id gi?". Kit qua ttt cdu tra Idi cua cdc khdch thi nhu sau:
Bdng 2: Cdng viec thanh nien ndng ihdn Ihudng ldm tqi cdc thdnh phd

STT
Cdng viec
1 XeOm
2
Phuhd
3
Ban hang rong
4
Bdc vdc, chuyin dd dac, hang hda
5
Thu mua dong nai
86

S6 luong
23
220
33
196
19

Ty le (%)
5.1
48,6
7,3
43,3
4,2

TAP CHl TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012

6
7
8
9
10
11

Ai thue Ei thi Idm
Bdn nudc, trd da
Biove
Bin hdng, phuc vu lai cdc cia hdng, nhd hdng
Bdnvlsd
Cdc cdng viec khic

190
41
148
241
148
88

41,9
9,1
32,7
53,2
32,7
19,8

Kit qui ttt vile tim hiiu cdng vile thanh niin ndng thdn thudng lim lai
cic thinh phd cho thd'y, cdc cdng vide tliudng dttpc lim nhiiu nhit li bin hdng,

phuc vu tai cdc ctta hing; phu hd lai cic cdng irudng xdy dung; bdc vac,
chuyin dd dac, hing hda vi ai ihul gi thi ldm. Nhttng cdng vide ndi tren diu Id
cdc cdng vile don giin, stt dung sttc lao ddng true lil'p va hiu nhu khdng phdi
ddo tao, khdng cdn ngudn vdn ban ddu. Thuc t l dd ndu len stt edn thill phai dao
tao nghl cung nhtt trang bi cho ngudi Ihanli nien ndng thdn nhttng kiln thttc, ky
ndng cdn thill dl ttng phd, han chi din mttc thdp nhil nhung rui ro, lai nan cd
Ihl xay ra trong qud trinh Idm vide.
Bdng 3: Nhiing khd khdn, rui ro thanh niin ndng thdn gap phdi
trong qud trinh Idm viec
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Cac noi dung
COng viec nang nhoc, vdt va
Nha ctta, diiu kien an d chat hep, loi tan, mat ve sinh
De bi lai nan; bit nat; cudp hang, lien
Tliu nhap bi'p benh, khOng dam bao

Cac mdi quan hi xa hdi bi thu hep
Diiu kien cham soc sttc khoe khdng co
Khdng CO co h6i vuon len vl hoc vdn, su nghiep
Nhieu lo Idng, bd'l an, thach thttc
Bi COI Ihudng, hit hui

Thilu thdn linh cam gia dinh, lang xdm
Thie'u ky nang ttng pho vdi khd khan, rui ro
De sa vao te nan xa h6i (mai dam, ma luy...)
Cd CO hdi kie'm lien nhieu
Thie'u lao ddng d que do thanh nien chu ye'u di lam an xa

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012

DTB
2,57
2,43
2,34
2,48
2,09
2,24
2,25
2,30
1,98
2,31
2,12
2,39
2,14
2,38

Xep
hang
1
3
6
2
13
10
9
8
14
7
12
4
11
5

87


Diy li ciu hdi cd cic mttc dO lua chpn ndn sd lieu dupc xti IJ theo cdc
mttc do lua chpn; rdt dttng - 3 diim, diing mdt phdn - 2 diim vi khdng dttng 1
diim. Trin co s i dd, sd liiu dUOc chia thdnh cic mttc ddnh gid: khdng dttng - ttt
1,0 - 1,66 diim; ddng mOt phdn: 1,67 - 2,33 vi rit dung: 2,34 - 3,0. Bang sd
liiu trin chi ra cdc phuong in diu cd DTB khi cao trong dd cd 6 phuong in
nim trong khoing ddnh gii "rit dttng" (ttt 2,34 - 3,00) vi 8 phuong in ndm
U-ong khoing dinh gid "dttng mdt phin" (ttt 1,67 - 2,33), khdng cd dilni sd
ddnh gii nio nim trong khoing "khdng dttng". Kit qui dd ndi lin cudc sdng vi
cdng vile ctta thanh niin ndng thdn khi ra thdnh phd gdp nhiiu khd khin, bJp
binh.

Trong sd cic phucing dn dua ra, cdng vile ndng nhpc li phuang dn duoc
cic khich thi lua chpn nhiiu nhit (DTB = 2,57, xip vj trf sd 1). Vdi cic cdng
viec nhu da dl cip d iren thi stt vit vi, ndng nhpc li diiu khdng trdnh khdi.
Cfing vl ddc thtt lao ddng nhu vdy nin thu nhdp cua hp cung mang tfnh bip
binh, khdng dim bio (DTB = 2,48, xip vi tri sd 2). Chuong trinh phit triin
Liin Hilp Qudc (UNDP) phdi hpp vdi hai cue Thdng kl Hi Ndi vi thinh phd
Hd Chf Minh nghiin cttu vl nghio dd thj ndm 2010 chi ra, cd din hon 3/4 sd
lao ddng di ctt lim cdng vile lao ddng thi cdng, thp lip rip vin hinh miy vi
lao ddng gian dtm; 1/4 cdn lai chu yi'u lim nhin vidn djch vu vi bin hing. Mttc
thu nhdp cua ngudi nghio di cu len thdnh phd chi khoang 750.000 ddng/ngttdi/
thdng d Ha Ndi vi 841.000 ddng/ngttdi/thing d thdnh phd Hd Chf Minh.
Xip vj trf sd 3 Id phttOng an dc cdp din diiu kidn nha cua, an d cua
ngudi lao ddng khi di cu ra thinh phd (DTB = 2.43). Thanh men ndng thdn va
ngudi lao ddng ttt cdc linh khdc dd vl thdnh phd thudng phai sd'ng trong cdc
khu phdng trp vdi cdc diiu kicn an d rit nhd hep, tdi tin. Cd thi ndi, vdi ngudi
lao ddng, viec thue mdt phdng nho dl sd'ng dd'i vdi hp chi Ii dl nhim thda man
nhttng ydu cdu tdi thilu cua cudc sd'ng. Diiu hp mong mudn nhit Id ddnh dum
dupc mdt sd liin nhd't dinh dl trang trai cho cudc sd'ng cua ban thdn vi gia
dinh... Diiu nay da duoc khing djnh rd nil trong cac ly do thttc ddy thanh niin
ndng thdn ra thdnh phd tim kie'm vile lim du d thinh phd cd thi hp phai duong
diu vdi khdng ft nhttng khd khdn, rui ro.
2.3. Mong mudn nguyen vpng vi cdng viec ciia thanh nien nong thdn
Ttt thuc trang cudc sd'ng, cdng viec ciia thanh nien ndng thdn nhu trdn,
chung tdi lil'p tuc lim hiiu vl nguydn vpng cua thanh niin ndng thdn vdi cdu
hdi "Bqn cd mong mud'n, nguyen vpng gi ve hpc nghi vd viec Idm cua minh?"
Sd liiu thu dupc the hiin qua biiu dd dudi ddy:

TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, Sd9 (162), 9 - 2012

L

^

Owjc lUo Cd « t OBI. Xiy aung C6 co h* DAU ti/, iiSy Cd ehii
1*0 nan*
win sin nhi miy .1 ra Ihtntt
dirnoNT aflcfi Dio khich pfi 41
xuSi Irftn nohlip tgl
phi lim
hISn dal
Iil4m an
ihdn ca
qu4 hifOftg
NT
vl«c
smh xB h* gli^l hda
cho ngiTiIrl nOng nghl4p
ndng din

Bieu dd 1: Nguyen vpng hpc nghi, viic Idm cda thanh niin
Ttt biiu dd trdn cd Ihl nhdn xet: mong mud'n Idn nhdt eiia thanh nien
ndng thdn Ii "dupc dio lao ren luyen vl ky nang nghl nghiep" va "cd vd'n, ddt
dai de san xudt, lam giiu tren chi'nh que hucrng minh". Hai phuong an dl cdp
de'n ndi dung niy cd ty le khdch Ihl lua chpn luong ung Id 72,4% va 71,0%.
Lao ddng ndng nghidp ndng thdn ttt bao ddi nay ludn gin liln vdi ddt
dai. Tuy nhiin, d cdc vttng ndng thdn hiin nay, diln li'ch dit canh tde ngiy
cang thu hep da trd thinh lire can cho qud trinh sinh sd'ng eua hp. Nhimg vu
khie'u kien, tranh chip liln quan din dit dai trong thdi gian gin ddy minh
chung dieu dd. Vi vdy, ddy Ii nguyen vpng hodn todn chi'nh ddng vi xuit phit

ttt chfnh thttc te cudc sd'ng va cdng vide eua thanh nien ndng thdn.
Trong khi rudng dil ndng nghidp ngdy cing thu hep, nhudng chd cho
cac khu cdng nghiep va cac khu dd thj, thi yeu ciu ve ky nang nghe nghiep de
cd Ihl lam vide duoc tai cdc khu cdng nghiep ngdy cing Idn. Tuy nhien, dd'i vdi
thanh nidn ndng thdn dudng nhu thil'u di diiu dd. Ho chtta dupe dio tao nghe
nghiip mdt each CO ban cho nin khd cd ihl dap ttng td't cdc yeu ciu cua cdng
viec. Hp chi cd Ihl lam nhung cdng vile thu cdng don gian, khdng qua dao
too... Vi the, mong mud'n dupc hoc tdp, hpc nghl cua hp la thuc su manh me
(72,4%). Tuy nhidn, trong qud trinh khao sat lai dja bin nghien cun chung tdi
nhdn tha'y, viec dio tao nghl cho Ihanh niin ndng thdn cdn nhieu bdt cap. Xin
liy mdt vai y kiln trong qud trinh phdng vd'n sdu lam minh chttng:

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2 0 1 2


- Huyin cd hai trung tdm dqy nghi duac ddu tU nhung cdn nhiiu ludn
trd, thanh niin kiu thiiu vi(c ldm, mdi di hpc nghi nhimg lai khdng di Hgc.
Trudng Trung cdp nghi cua tinh ddng trin dia bdn huyin cdng ngdy cdng thiiu
hpc sinh, vi tdn xd luyin mdi duac han 100 thanh niin hoc. Nguyin nhdn cua
tinh trqng trin mdt phdn td do thanh niin cd tdm ly khdng thich hoc trung clffp,
nhimg quan trong han Id ddo tqo nghi theo kihoqch hem Id nhu cdu: thdi gian
ddo tqo ngdn, biit viic nhanh Id nhu cdu cda thanh niin, nhung Iqi gido trinh
nhiiu trong khi thanh niin chu yiu hpc Idp 9 hodc bS tde vdn hda, cdn phdi
dqy ngay vdo vile (Phd bf thtt huyin dodn (Ju^nh Phu, Thdi Binh).
- Thanh niin cd tdm tu nguyin vpng mud'n hpc nghe di tdm phu giup gia
dinh, khdng mud'n phdi di Idm dn xa. Nhiing sd' lupng khdng nhiiu vi hpc ra
khdng biit ldm gi. Hiin nay cdng chua cd chuong trinh liin kit giOa xa dodn vd
doanh nghiip dihS tra thanh nien. vi chuang trinh vay vd'n cung khdng cd vi
hp cdn ehua ldm chd kinh li gia dinh (Phd bf thu dang uy xa Long Khinh, Cai
Ldy, Ticn Giang).

Ngodi hai ndi dung cd ly 11 lua chpn cao hon hdn so vdi cdc ndi dung
cdn lai kl trin, cac ndi dung liln quan din phucmg hudng phit triin ndng
nghiip ndng thdn nhu "Diu tu xiy dung ndng nghiip ndng thdn theo httdng
hien dai", "Tao thj trudng lao ddng, nhd mdy san xuit ngay tai ndng thdn", "Cd
chi'nh sich bao hiim xa hdi, an sinh xa hdi cho ngudi ndng tiin"... cd ly leTua
chpn tren 50%. Cdc chi'nh sdch niy diu gdn liln vdi cudc sd'ng cua ngttdi ndng
ddn ndi chung vd thanh niin ndng thdn vdi lu cich Id ngudn lao ddng chu yiu d
ndng thdn ndi ridng. Khi thuc hiin dupc nhttng miic tiiu ndi trdn, ngudi ndng
ddn hoin loan cd thi lam vice, phdl triin cudc sdng cua minh m i khdng cdn
phdi buon chai kii'm sdng 6 cdc thinh phd Idn vdi diiu kidn sd'ng khdng dam
bao. Ndi cdch khdc, thanh nidn ndng thdn cd ihl thuc hien dupc udc mo "ly
ndng bdt ly huong" cua hp. Ddy ddng thdi Id co sd ii giam dp luc ddn sd', xa
hdi... len cde thinh phd ItSn. Thiic t l hien nay de' cd thi thu hut ducJc ngudn lao
ddng li thanh niin ndng thdn da cd mdt sd nhd mdy xf nghiip nhu may mdc,
chi bidn ndng Idm sin chuyin co sd sin xudt vl cdc vung ndng thdn vi da thu
httt dttpc mdt Ittong Idn lao ddng Id thanh nidn tai chd Idm vide bdi khi Idm vide
lai cdc nha may, xi nghiep na\. thanh nien ndng thdn khdng phai sd'ng xa gia
dinh, thue nhi ctta m i thu nhdp vdn dam bao. Cd thi ndi, diy Id mdt hudng di
rd't cin dupc quan tdm nghiin cttn vd md itmg, hon ntta.
Mong mud'n dupc ra thanh phd Idm vide li ndi dung cd ty 11 lua chpn
tha'p nhi't: 12,9%. Vdi thuc trang cudc sd'ng va cdng vide nhu chung ta da thdy
d trdn thi cd rd't ft ngudi mong mud'n Idn thdnh phd lam vide Ii diiu dl hilu. Sd
lieu dd mdt lin ntta cho thiy, neu nhu cudc sd'ng vi cdng viec cua Ihanh nidn
ndng thdn dupc dam bao, hp hodn loin cd Ihl ydn lim gin bd Idp thdn Idp
nghiep trdn qud huong minh.

90

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012

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3.Kltliifln

Ttt vile phdn tfch vdi nil thuc trang vile ldm theo thdi vu ciia Ihanh niin
ndng thdn tai cdc thinh phd, cd thi thiy dupc nhttng 1^ do quan trpng nhdt thttc
ddy hp ra cdc thinh phd Idn tim kiim vile lim Id vl dl ndng cao thu nhdp, d
qui khd khin trong tim kiim viec ldm. Khi ra thinh phfi lim viec, thanh nien
ndng thdn thd hiin rdt rd mong mud'n dupc dio lao nghl nghiip cung nhu cd
vdn, ddt dai dl phdt ti-iln sdn xuit, ldm giiu trin chfnh mdnh dit noi minh dupc
sinh ra. Cd thi ndi, mong mud'n dupc gdn bd, lim vile ngay trin qui huong Id
mdt trong nhting ndi dung quan trpng. Id ddng luc thttc ddy thanh nidn ndng
thdn vtton Idn xdy dttng ndng thdn mdi hiin nay. Ddy chfnh Id diim sing, nil
tfch ciic Irong bttc tranh cd phdn dm dam vl thuc trang eu<5e sd'ng vd cdng vile
theo thdi vti cua thanh niin ndng thdn tai cic thinh phd. Ddy cung li liln dl
quan trpng dl nhttng chfnh sdch h6 trp thanh nidn ndng thdn vd xdy dung ndng
then mtSi dttpc thuc hien ml>t cdch dttng din vd hieu qud.

Tai lidu tham khao
1. Doan Kim Thing, Phin tieh tdng quan vi mil sd khia canh kinh ti- xd hpi vd hi
qud cua di din ndng thdn - dd thi trong thdi ky ddi mdi, Vien Xa h6i hoc, 1997.
2. Dd Thi Thanh Hdng, Thifc trqng qudn ly ngudi nhip eu tu do trin dia ban thdnh
phi'Ha tiii. Vita Xa hfli hoc, 2001.
3 Le Hanh Thflng, Di din tu do trin dia bin eic tinh mien Dong Nam Bp - thifc
trang vi gidi phdp, di tii ci'p bi. Hoc vita CJiulh tri Qudc gia H6 Chi Minh, Phin
vien thanh phd Hd C3ii Minh, 1997.
4. Lao ding di cU: Xu the tdt yeu va hi luy cin gidi quyei, Bao Lao dflng (30/7/2010),

heluycanduocgiaiquyel/7491.
5. Ddi sdng cda ngudi tre nhap eu a cac do thi ra sao? Bao Smh vien (22/12/2010),
/>6. Trdn Thi Minh Dttc, Di cu lao ddng tit ning thdn ra thanh phi:
Nhiing khia canh tam ly xd hpi 6 ngudi Phu nd bin rong, Trang tam Nghien cttu Phu
nil, Dai hoc Qud'c gia Ha Nfli.
7. Nien gidm thdng ke 2010, Tdng cue Thdng ke, Nha xuit ban Thdng ke.
8. Bao dicn ttt Vietnamnel.vn ngay 28/6/2009.
9. Bao dien ttt Sinh vien Viet Nam, swn.vn.

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9-2012

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