Colorectal Cancer – From Prevention to Patient Care Edited by Rajunor Ettarh pdf

COLORECTAL CANCER –
FROM PREVENTION
TO PATIENT CARE

Edited by Rajunor Ettarh










Colorectal Cancer – From Prevention to Patient Care
Edited by Rajunor Ettarh


Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Publishing Process Manager Tajana Jevtic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team

First published February, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from


Colorectal Cancer – From Prevention to Patient Care, Edited by Rajunor Ettarh
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0028-7

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 1 Tumor Engineering: Finding the Brakes 3
Rajunor Ettarh
Part 2 Epidemiology and Psychology 9
Chapter 2 Colorectal Carcinoma in the Young 11
Shahana Gupta and Anadi Nath Acharya
Chapter 3 Early Detection of Colorectal
Cancer and Population Screening Tests 45
Christos Lionis and Elena Petelos
Chapter 4 Turning Intention Into Behaviour:
The Effect of Providing Cues to Action
on Participation Rates for Colorectal Cancer Screening 67
Ingrid Flight, Carlene Wilson

and Jane McGillivray
Chapter 5 Psychological Impact and Associated
Factors After Disclosure of Genetic Test Results
Concerning Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer 87
Hitoshi Okamura
Part 3 Nutrition 101
Chapter 6 Physical Activity,
Dietary Fat and Colorectal Cancer 103
Martina Perše

Chapter 7 Dietary Anthocyanins: Impact on
Colorectal Cancer and Mechanisms of Action 123
Federica Tramer, Spela Moze, Ayokunle O. Ademosun,
Sabina Passamonti

and Jovana Cvorovic
VI Contents

Chapter 8 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids,
Ulcerative Colitis and Cancer Prevention 157
Karina Vieira de Barros, Ana Paula Cassulino and
Vera Lucia Flor Silveira
Chapter 9 The Molecular Genetic
Events in Colorectal Cancer and Diet 173
Adam Naguib, Laura J Gay,
Panagiota N. Mitrou and Mark J. Arends
Chapter 10 Colorectal Cancer and Alcohol 199
Seitz K. Helmut and Homann Nils
Chapter 11 Effects of Dietary Counseling
on Patients with Colorectal Cancer 211
Renata Dobrila-Dintinjana, Dragan Trivanović,
Marijan Dintinjana, Jelena Vukelic and Nenad Vanis
Part 4 Management and Treatment 227
Chapter 12 Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer 229
Rajunor Ettarh, Alvise Calamai and Anthony Cullen
Chapter 13 Anti-EGFR Treatment in
Patients with Colorectal Cancer 245
Camilla Qvortrup and Per Pfeiffer
Chapter 14 Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics of Colorectal
Cancer: Moving Towards Personalized Medicine 259

Joseph Ciccolini, Fréderic Fina,
L’Houcine Ouafik

and Bruno Lacarelle
Chapter 15 Animal Models of Colorectal
Cancer in Chemoprevention
and Therapeutics Development 277
Shubhankar Suman, Albert J. Fornace Jr. and Kamal Datta
Chapter 16 The Stem Cell Environment:
Kinetics, Signaling and Markers 301
George D. Wilson and Bryan J. Thibodeau
Chapter 17 Endoscopic Diagnosis and
Treatment for Colorectal Cancer 327
Hiroyuki Kato, Teruhiko Sakamoto, Hiroko Otsuka,
Rieko Yamada and Kiyo Watanabe
Chapter 18 Peri-Operative Care in Colorectal
Surgery in the Twenty-First Century 349
Ned Abraham
Contents VII

Chapter 19 Follow Up and Recurrence of Colorectal Cancer 363
Miroslav Levy
Part 5 Metastasis 379
Chapter 20 Panitumumab for the Treatment
of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer 381
Béla Pikó, Ali Bassam, Enikő Török,
Henriette Ócsai and Farkas Sükösd
Chapter 21 Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases 409
Daniel Kostov and Georgi Kobakov
Chapter 22 Experimental Colorectal

Cancer Liver Metastasis 441
Rania B. Georges, Hassan Adwan

and Martin R. Berger
Part 6 Study Reports 463
Chapter 23 Risk Factors for Wound Infection
After Surgery for Colorectal Cancer:
A Matched Case – Control Study 465
Takatoshi Nakamura and Masahiko Watanabe
Chapter 24 Modelling and Inference in Screening:
Exemplification with the Faecal Occult Blood Test 473
Dongfeng Wu

and Adriana Pérez
Chapter 25 Dietary Risks: Folate,
Alcohol and Gene Polymorphisms 491
Zi-Yuan Zhou,

Keitaro Matsuo,

Wen-Chang Wang,


Huan Yang,

Kazuo Tajima and Jia Cao
Chapter 26 The Prognostic Significance of Number of Lymph Node
Metastasis in Colon Cancer – Based on Japanese Techniques
of Resection and Handling of Resected Specimens 509
Yoshito Akagi, Romeo Kansakar and Kazuo Shirouz

Chapter 27 Minimally Invasive Robot –
Assisted Colorectal Resections 521
Annibale D’Annibale, Graziano Pernazza,
Vito Pende and Igor Monsellato








Preface

When a patient are presented with symptoms that eventually lead to a diagnosis of
colorectal cancer, it is the clinician who ultimately has to deliver the management
and treatment of the condition based on what is known about the disease. The
clinician synthesizes and brings together an understanding of the basic scientific
facts available, and the information about effective clinical management and
treatment – all for the patient's maximum benefit. Is the search of answers complete?
No. There is still a very long way to go, but in terms of information, we are further
ahead than we were a less than decade ago. Is there more to do? Yes. Our
understanding is improving, but translation of basic scientific evidence to its
application in terms of clinical treatment and management of patients remains a
challenge. One thing is clear, a complete understanding of colorectal cancer and how
it affects patients involves the continuing cooperation between research science and
clinical practice. There are a number of positive examples resulting from searching
and querying: monoclonal antibody therapy, pharmacologic agents and treatments,
low dose aspirin, better risk management for colorectal cancer, and continually
emerging targets.

This second volume of the book presents two sections that address aspects of
epidemiology, psychology and nutrition as they relate to colorectal cancer from a
patient illness and care perspective. Section 3 deals with the clinical management and
treatment of the disease, while Section 4 explores different management approaches to
colorectal cancer metastasis. Section 5 presents a collection of short reports that outline
findings from studies on probability modeling, dietary risks and the prognostic value
of metastatic lymph nodes.
Basic scientific researchers need to know where success has been registered, where
failures lie and where the challenges in patient management and care remain. This
volume represents an attempt to bring together much of what is known about
colorectal cancer and provide a synoptic source of information that serves as a
reference point for scientists, clinicians, researchers, students and patients.

X Preface

The cure for colorectal cancer can only be discovered when research science and
clinical evidence collectively arrive at the right cocktail of information.

Dr Rajunor Ettarh
Professor & Associate Director of Anatomical Teaching,
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology,
Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans,
USA
Acknowledgements
The publication of this book would not have been possible without the support of my
family. I am also especially indebted to Publishing Process Manager Tajana Jevtic
whose infinite patience, timely reminders, and never-ending assistance and support
made the task of editing this book easier.

Part 1
Introduction