Góp ý dự thảo luật người lao động việt nam đi làm việc ở nước ngoài theo hợp đồng (sửa đổi)

BAN VE DU AN LUAT

GOP Y DI/THAO LUAT NGI/dl LAO DONG VIET NAM
01 LAM VIEC 01 NirOlC NGOAl THEO HOP DONG (SIJfA DOI)
Biii Ngpe Thanh
TS. Nguyen Chii nhigm Vdn phong Quoc h6i, nguyen Cue tru'dng Cue Hpp tac quoc t§ v§ lao a§ng
(nay la Cue Qudn 1^ Jao dpng ngodi nuiSc, Bp LPTB & XH)

Tbfing tin bdi vi^t:
Tu khoa: Xwkx khau lao dpng, Ludt
NguM lao dpng Vi$t Nam di lam vi^c
o vaiLich su bai viet:
Nh^nbdi
26/7/2020
Bien tdp
02/8/2020
Duy^t bdi
03/8/2020
Article Infomation:
Keywords: Labor exportations. Law on
^^etnamese Guest Workers
Article History:
Received
26 Jul. 2020
Edited
02 Aug. 2020
Approved
03 Aug. 2020

Tom tat:

Lu^t Ngu&i lao dpng Vi$t Nam di lam vi?c d nude ngodi theo
hpp dong dupe Qu6c hOi ban hdnh nam 2006 vd c6 hipu lyc thi
hdnh kl tii ngay 01 thdng 07 nam 2007. Trong qud trinh thi hdnh,
ben c^uih nhfing m$t dupe, Lu|it ndy ciing b^c Ip nhirng h^n ch^,
b4t c$p vd dang dupe nghien eiiu sira doi. Trong ph^m vi bdi vilt
ndy, tdc gid gop y hoan thi^ dy thdo Li4t Ngudi lao dpng Vi$t
Nam di Idm vi$c 6 nude ngodi theo hpp dong (siia doi)'.
Abstract:
The Law on Vietnamese Guest Workers was issued by the
National Assembly in 2006 and comes into enforcement from
July 1, 2007. During the enforcement period, along with the
possible achievements, the Law also has revealed a number of
inadequacies and shortcomings and is being reviewed for fiirther
improvements. In the scope of this article, the author provides
comments and recommendations for improvements of the Law
on Vietnamese Guest Workers (the amended).

1. M$t s6 v^n d^ v^ "xu^t khda lao d$ng"
1,1. Thu^t ngu **Xudt khau lao dpng**
Trudc ddy, trong cdc van bdn phdp lulit
hdu nhu chung ta khdng ho|ie it su dyng
thu^t ngii "Xuat khiu lao dpng" (XKLD) vi
nhieu le: t^i nai dien ra qud trinh sdn xudt,
qud trinh lao dOng thi siic lao dpng dupe coi
la "hdng hda" - hdng hda d^c bipt; cdn con
ngudi (trong dd cd chiia d\mg siic lao d0ng)
ed phdi "hdng hda" hay khdng thi cdn nhiSu

y kien khdc nhau... "XKLD" nghia Id phdi

dua eon ngudi cd chiia dvmg sure lao dpng tii
nude ndy den nude khdc de Idm vipc chd
khdng the bdc tdch siic lao dpng rieng ra dl
xu^t, nen khd ed thd gpi la xuat khau... Bdi
vay ndm 2006, chiing ta phdi chdp nl^m mpt
cdch diin d^t ddi ddng dl ndi dupe du y vd
kin ke vl m?it hpe thu^t, "Ludt Ngudi lao
dpng Vipt Nam di lam vipe d nude ngodi
theo hpp d6ng". Tuy v^y, tu thap nien cuoi

1 Xem Dy thao Ludt Ngudi lao dpng Vi^t Nam di 1dm vi^efirnude ngodi theo hpp dong (sua dsj) t^j
https7/thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/lao-dong-tien-luong/Luat-Nguoi-lao-dong-Viet-Nam-iam-viec-o.nuocngoai-theo-hop-dong-sua-doi-439844.aspx.
OA I NGHIlN cini
' ^

LAP

/

PHAP^S415(415)-T8/2020


BANVEDUANLUAT
cung ciia thi ky trudc din bay gid, ngudi ta
ciiug da quen dhn vdi thu^t ngu "XKLD" md
thi gidi da su dvmg td lau. Th\ic tl, nin kinh
te thi tnrdng dinh hudng xa hdi ehii nghia da
vd dang d^t ra yeu cau phdi phdt triln ddng
bd cdc lo^i thi trudng (thj trudng vdn, thi
trudng v^t tu, thi trudng lao dpng...). Trong

thj trudng lao dpng, Ddng ta eung da su
dvmg thu^t ngii "XKLD". Van kien Dai hpi
Ddng t o ^ quoc Idn tfiii X da ehi rd: "Tilp
tvic th\ie hipn Chuong trinh XKLD, tang ty'
Ip lao dpng xuat khau qua dao tao, qudn ly
ch^t che vd bdo ve quyen Ipi chinh ddng ciia
ngudi lao ddng"^. Do v^y, nen chang vipe
sua doi Ian ndy nen Idy ten la "Luiit XKLD",
nhu vay vita ngan gpn, viia Ipt td dupe npi
dung cua ludt.
To ehiic lao dpng qudc te (ILO) sii dung
thu^t ngu "Lao dpng di cu" hoae "Di ddn
quoc tl" eho ddi tupng Id nhung ngudi nude
ngodi den lam vipc ho|ie cu tru d mdt qudc
gia khdc. Lao dpng di cu cd nghia la chi
ridng ngudi lao dpng tu nude ndy sang nude
khdc 1dm vipc; cdn di dan thi ed thS bao gom
cd trd em chua budc vdo tudi lao ddng vd
ngudi gid da budcrakhdi qua trinh lao ddng.
Theo cdch hiiu thdng thudng thi "Di cu" hay
"Di ddn" Id chuySn cu, sinh sdng Idu ddi
tuang tvi nhu di "Dinh cu" d mdt nai khdc.
Neu hiiu thudn tuy "Di cu" hay "Di ddn"
(chua ndi din ed lam viSc hay Ididrig) cung
da chia ra nhilu loai hmh (theo nhilu ly do
khdc nhau):
- Di cu vi ly do chien tranh: Loai di cu
ndy dien ra liSn mien tu khi lodi ngudi xuit
hipn svi xung d$t vii l\re, ddnh nhau, d^c bi^t
Id trong cdc cupc chien tranh thS gidi thii

nhdt, thii hai, cdc cudc chien tranh Idn, keo
ddi qua nhilu thdi gian. Quy md sd lupng vd
ddng ngudi di cu trong cdc trudng hpp ndy
thudiig rat Idn. Hipn nay, cu dan cdc nude

Trung Ddng dang "lii lupt" tim din Vuang
qudc Anh vd cde nude chdu Au khdc Id mpt
dien hinh.
- Di cu vi ly do kinh ti: Loai di eu ndy
rat da dang, nhu trudc day dua nd 1$ sang
chdu Uc, chdu My khi ngudi ta phdt hien ra
ede chdu luc ndy de lao ddng khai phd (khd
sai); ngudi lao dpng nude ndy sang nude
khdc 1dm vipe, di tim viec Ian Idem sdng; di
tim nai (qudc gia, vung lanh thd) cd cupc
sdng de chiu han de dinh eu...
- Di cu vi ly do chinh tri: Ngudi ra di
(den mpt nude khdc) thudng Id nhimg ngudi
khdc chinh kien vdi the che chinh tri chinh
thdng eua dat nude hp, hoae hp da gayratpi
de vdi nhdn dan trong nude nen phdi tim
dudng Idn trdnh, hoae hp theo chdn "ke da
thdng tri, xam lupc" ddt nude hp ma ehinh
hp da ph\ic vu d£io qudn xam lupe...
- Di cu vi ly do hdn nhdn vd gia dinh:
Ngudi nude ndy Idy chong, lay vp d nude
khdc vdi quan niem "Tinh yeu khdng bien
gidi". Logi di cu nay dan xen cd cdc loai di
eu neu tren theo kieu "ngudi di trudc rude
ngudi di sau" vd hiSn nay eung khd phd

bien...
Cd 4 nhdm di cu niu tren deu khdng
thupc ITnh virc XKLD (phdn Idn Id di cu t\i
do, khdng cd hop dong). Chinh vi s\i khdc
bipt nhu thi nen rdt edn thilt phdi phdn bipt
dl khdng nhdm Idn giiia "XKLD" theo hpp
ddng vdi cdc dang di cu hay di dan tii do ra
nude ngoai vdi cdc myc dich khdc nhau vd
phdt sinh khd nhieu hdu qua...
ILO su dvmg thuat ngu "Lao ddng di eu"
hay "Di cu lao ddng" thi ndi hdm cua cd,c
thu|t ngii nay cung khd i)hong phii (tiic Id rdt
nhilu hinh thiie), cd thi dl cap tdi mpt sd
hinh thiie (dang thiie) sau:
Di cu lau ddi, thdm chi viiih vien rdi trd
thdnh kilu dan; di cu ddi han^; di eu ngdn

2 Vdn ki§n D?i hpi Dang toan quoc Idn thii X, tr. 216.
3 Tuong doi dai ngay, hdng nam, vdi ba nam bode nhieu hen niia.
.
SAl!>r4151-T8/202O\

NGHIlN eiiu I QC
LAP P H A P
'*'


BANVEDUANLUAT
Chiing ta hodn todn thdng nhat quan die!"'
phdi nang cao vi thi, nang cao gid tri cd^ '^°

dpng xudt khdu, nhung cung khdng q"^
Cling nhde, thdm chi Id "do tudng" chi chpn
ngdnh, chpn nghi ky thuat cao de rdi bd Id
nhieu cdng vice md nude nhap khdu lao
dpng cd ySu eiiu. Bdi vi, chiing ta mdi chi cd
rdt it lao ddng qua ddo tao ed bdng cap hoae
chiing chi nghi, chua du phuc vp sdn xuat
kinh doanh trong nude; do dd, can ddi cho
nhu eau XKLD ky thuat dang Id bdi toan kha
nan gidi, phdi dupe tinh todn ky ludng.
2. Ch^t lirpng lao d$ng xuat khau
2.1. Ckc yiu td chi phdi chdt lupng lao
dpng
Da la xudt khdu thi bao gid ciing ed ben
xudt, ben nhap. Doi vdi ben xudt thi svi phu
thupc rat quan trpng Id nhu cdu (yeu cau) ciia
ben nhdp. Bdi vay, cd hai b6n phdi ddm phdn
dl thda thuan thdng nhat cdc vdn de, trong
dd ed vdn dl chdt lupng lao dpng giao va
nhain. Chdt lupng lao dpng xudt khau phy
thu0c vdo tung lo^i hpp ddng ciia ehii thi
xudt khdu da cam ket vdi cdc doi tdc. Theo
Dilu 5 Dvi thdo Ludt Ngudi lao dpng Vipt
- a nhilu nude cdng nghipp, nhiing Nam di lam viSc d nude ngodi {sua doif
(Dvr thdo Li4t), cd tdi 6 ehii thi XKLD: Dan
nude gidu ed, ed nhiing loai vipe ma ngudi
vi sv nghi$p cdng l|ip thupc bp, ngdnh; dan
lao dpng sd tai khdng ua chupng, do thudng
la nhiing vipe cd yeu cdu ky thuat khdng cao, vi SII nghipp cdng lap thupc dia phuang
(tinh, thanh); doanh nghipp Vi^t Nam dua

thu nhap thap, nhung vdi lao d0ng cua nude
ngudi lao dpng Vipt Nam di lam vi$c d nude
xuat khdu nhiing viec nhu vay deu cd the
ngoai;
doanh nghipp \^pt Nam triing thau,
lam tdt, thu nhap nhu the cd the chdp nhdn
dupe. Bdi vay, tim kiim thi trudng mot phdn nhdn thau edng trinh, d\i dn d nude ngodi;
quan trpng Id khai thdc nhirng cdng viec md doanh nghipp Viet Nam dua ngudi lao dpng
lao ddng nude sd tgi khdng thieh Idm, nhung di thvrc tap ndng cao trinh dd ky nang nghe
lao ddng cua nude xudt khdu cd the Idm tdt. d nude ngodi; td chiic, cd nhan Vipt Nam dau

han, cd thi tinh bdng thdng; di cu kilu "con
Idc", ngdy ndo ciing vay, sang sdm sang
nude Idng gilng 1dm vi?e, tdi lai ve nude
minh"*.
Theo cdc hinh thiic di cu lao ddng neu
tren thi "XKLD" ma chiing ta dang thdo luan
ehii ylu thudc dang di cu lao dpng trung han
(mpt nam hoae mpt sd nam).
L2. Thi trudng xudt khiu lao dpng
- Trong nin kinh te thi trudng, su phdt
triln khoa hoc, ky thuat, cdng nghe vdi tdc
dp vii bao thi hdu nhu khdng cd mdt nude
nao thua, thilu lao ddng tuypt doi. Ngay cd
Vipt Nam, trong khi lao dpng tay nghi thdp
hoae lao dpng phd thdng ed the ddi du thi
mpt sd ITnh v\ic vdn thieu lao dpng ky thuat
(td ky su eho din cdng nhan), phdi nhap khau
tu cde nude cd dvr dn dau tu. Thua, thiSu lao
dpng Id do CO cdu lao dpng, do ddi mdi cdng

nghp, cdi tiln ky thuat, do chuyin ddi ngdnh
nghi kinh doanh. Do dd, tim kiem thi tnrdng
lao ddng xudt khdu chinh Id tim kiem, khai
thdc nhirng cdng viec md a do nhu cdu lao
dpng cua nude sd tgi khdng dap ung duac,
nhung nude XKLD lgi cd the dap ung.

4 Trudng hpp ndy thuong dien ra a bien gidi noi gidp ranh giua cdc nude md vi?c di 1^ de ddng, thudn t i ^
tim kiem cong vipc 1dm khong den n6i kh6 khan nhu cde nu6e thupc Lien minh chdu An hifn nay...
5 Xem D\r thao Ludt Nguoi lao dpng Vi?t Nam di 1dm vi?c o nu6c ngodi theo hpp dong (sua d^i) t^i
/>CUU
I
26 NGHIlN
L A P PHAP^Sdl5(415)-T8/2020


BANVEDUANLUAT
tu ra nude ngodi; cd nhan ngudi lao dpng
trvrc tilp giao kit hpp ddng lao ddng. Mdi
ehii thi XKLD ed yeu cdu chdt lupng lao
d0ng khdc nhau. Trong dd, doanh nghipp yd
dan vi svr nghifp cd sd lao ddng xuat khdu
Idn nhat. Chdt lupng lao ddng xudt khdu
dupe dat ra nghiem nggt ddi vdi cdc don vi,
cdc doanh nghiep ndy. Doanh nghiep tning
thdu, nhdn thau, hp tvi biet phdi dua di bao
nhieu lao dpng, ea c4u cap bac cdc logi thp,
trinh dp, nang lire nhu the ndo de bdo ddm
hodn thdnh cdng trinh dung thdi han vdi chdt
lupng tdt nhdt theo thda thuan vdi nude da

ky hpp ddng. Td chiic, ea nhdn Viet Nam
ddu tu ra nude ngodi, hp cd the sd dvmg lao
dOng d nude sd tgi, hoae dua lao dpng trong
nude sang, hp ddu phdi chu ddng tinh todn
so lupng, CO cau, chat lupng lao ddng de
vi^c dhu tu Ciia hp cd hipu qud tdi uu. Cd
nhdn ngudi lao d0ng tu minh giao kit hpp
dong lao dOng vdi ngudi sd dung d nude
ngodi thi trinh dp, nang luc cua hp da cd, ai
dong f tilp nhdn thi hp ky vd thye hipn.
Doanh nghiep dua lao ddng di thire tgp d
ngodi nude thi theo kl hoach vd chuang
trinh da thda thugn. Bdi vgy, trpng tdm chdt
lupTig lao dpng xudt khdu eiia Dy an Ludt
ndy ehu ylu dp dung vd "dat nang" cho cdc
don vj sy nghiep, cde doanh nghiep dich vy
XKLD (true tilp dua lao dpng cua nude
mhih di Idm vipc d nude ngodi).
2.2. Npi hdm cua chdt lupmg lao dpng
Chdt lupng lao dpng xudt khdu dugc the
hi^n tgi dilm b khodn 2 Dilu 21 (Hpp ddng
cung ling lao dpng) Dy thdo Ludt. Theo
chiing tdi, di ddi vdi quy dinh sd lupng lao
dpng; ngdnh, nghe, edng vi^c phdi Idm; dp
tuoi, thi phdi quy dinh cd yeu eau trinh dp
tay nghi vd trinh dp ngogi ngii. Bdi vi,
doanh nghipp nude ngodi tiep nhan lao dpng,
bao gid hp cung mong mudn tiep nhdn lao
dpng ed tay nghe, lao dpng da dupe ddo tgo,
bilt tiing nude hp hogc tieng Anh. Mat khdc.

ed quy dinh nay thi CJU; doanh nghiep XKLD
mdi chu ddng XKLD cd tay nghi thay vi
theo "Idi mdn" chi XKLD phd thdng, khdng
nghe de gidm chi phi ddo tgo, ehi phi chudn
bi dOi ngu lao dpng. Vd quy dinh ed tay
nghe, cd ngogi ngu mdi ddng bd vdi Dieu
19- Chudn bi ngudn lao ddng vd Dieu 45Dieu kien ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam di Idm
vi^e d nude ngodi theo hop ddng eua Dy
thdo Ludt.
Chdt lupng lao ddng xudt khdu gdm 2
nhdm yeu td Id ky ndng "ciing" vd ky ndng
"mem". Ky nang "ciing" gdm trinh dp tay
nghe (cap bde nghe), ky ndng nghe (miic dp
kheo leo, thdnh thuc ciia thao tdc...), trinh dp
ngoai ngu (biet tieng nude den Idm vipc hogc
tiing Anh). Ky nang "mem" gdm chdp hdnh
n0i quy, ky ludt lao ddng, phap lugt, khd
ndng giao tilp (giao tilp vdi ddng nghipp,
vdi qudn ly, lanh dao), tinh thuylt phyc eiia
Idi ndi, cdch ling xu tinh hudng, sy vi$c...
Ky ndng "mim" khdng chi can thiet d nai
Idm vipc md cdn rdt thilt thye d nai cu tni,
sinh hogt giao tiep xd hpi.
2.3. Bdo tgo lao dpng xudt khdu ed
chat lupng
Chu truang cua chung ta la phdi chii
trpng XKLD ed tay nghe, nhung eung cdn
phdi dl cap din mpt thuc te la, khd ed the riit
lao dpng ed tay nghe d cac doanh nghipp

dang hogt ddng trong nude de dua di xudt
khdu, tni nhimg trudng hop thdt nghipp ddi
hgn hogc thdt nghiep hoan todn do phd sdn
doanh nghiep ma lao ddng d dd cdn trong dp
tudi cd thi ra nude ngoai lam viec. Ngay ca
thdi ky hpp tdc qudc te vl lao ddng vdi cdc
nude XHCN (1980-1990) eOng hilm cd
trudng hop "nit tia" lao dpng ky thuat ciia
cdc nhd mdy, xi nghiep 6k di 1dm vipc d nude
ngodi (cho du cde nha mdy, xi nghipp deu la
qudc doanh - ciia Nhd nude, hodn todn ke
hogeh hda dupe nhdn lyc), vi sy rdng bupc
nhdn sy trong td chiic sdn xudt, mdc xich ciia
>ov
SA15(4151-T8/2020'

NGHIlN CUU I « 7
LAPPHAP


BANVEDUANLUAT
ddy chuyen phan cdng vd hipp tdc trong td
ehiic lao dpng. Do dd, Dy thdo Luat ndy quy
dinh vide chudn bi dpi ngu lao dpng xudt
khdu du sd lupng vd bdo ddm chdt lupng Id
mpt yeu cdu rdt thye te.
Vipc ddo tao dpi ngd lao ddng ed nghe,
ed ngoai ngii de xudt khdu cd the dat ra hai
khd nang: mpt Id, cdc dan vi sy nghiep, eae
doanh nghifp XKLD cd trudng, Idp ddo tao

rieng; hai Id, cdc dan vi, cdc doanh nghipp
lien kit vdi cac trudng, cdc ca sd day nghi
cua h^ thdng gido due nghi nghipp de ddo
tgo. Dy thdo Lugt ddnh hdn Chuang IV gom
4 dieu (td Dieu 64 den Dieu 67) de quy djnh
vdn de ndy; trong dd, ehii trpng han phuang
dn lien kit ddo tao. Ddy Id hudng di diing
dan vi: cdc dan v; sy nghipp vd doanh nghipp
theo quy djnh tai khodn 1 Dilu 10 Dy thdo
Lugt, "Cd von sd huu khdng thdp han 5 ty
dong..." thi du cd sd v6n sd hihi g4p 10 hay
100 Ian nhu thi vdn khd ed the thdnh lap
dupe mdt ca sd dao tao rieng vdi day du
trang thiet bj, mdy mdc hipn dai, nhd xudng
quy md Idn, gido vi6n gidi de ddo tgo; do
vay, lien kit ddo tgo se hipu qud hon. Tuy
nhien, Dilu 66 Dy thdo Lugt quy djnh, "Nhd
nude cd ehinh sdch dau tu cho cde ea sd
gido due nghi nghipp dii dieu kipn ve trang
bi, thiet bj, chuang trinh, gido trinh vd ddi
ngu gido vien...". Nhung theo khodn 2 Dilu
5 Lugt Gido dye nghi nghipp ndm 2014 thi
chi cd 3 logi hinh ca sd gido dye nghi
nghipp: Cdng Idp, Tu thye vd Cd v6n dau tu
nude ngodi. Do vay, Nhd nude trudc mdt vd
trudc het chi ed the ho tra d4u tu cho cdc ea
sd gido dye nghe nghipp cdng Igp ve trang
bi, thiet bi, ca sd vat chdt. Cde ca sd gido
dye nghi nghipp tu thye vd cd vdn ddu tu
nude ngodi, hp phdi ty ddu tu. Bdi vgy, cdn

chinh siia Dilu 66 Dy thdo Lugt cho thdng
nhat vdi khodn 3 Dilu 19, "Doanh nghipp
tryc tiep hpp tdc, lien kit vdi cdc ca sd ddo
tao, gido dye nghe nghiep. td ehdc dich vy
Op [NGHIlN Cini
I
^^ L A P P H A P _ / S 6 15 (415)-78/2020

vipc 1dm dl bd tuc tay nghi, ngogi ngi* ^^
ngudi lao dpng...".
Theo doi mpt sd hpp dong cung lingJao
ddng cila doanh nghipp eho thdy, tay nghe vd
ky nang nghi ludn ludn dupe cvi the hda
trong hpp d6ng giiia ben cung ling vd ben
tiep nhdn, nhung yeu e4u ngogi ngii thi
khdng it hpp ddng thudng bd qua. Vi vgy,
Ludt nen quy dinh rd trinh dp ngogi ngir doi
vdi ngudi lao ddng, dd Id phdi "giao tiep
dupe binh thudng trong khi 1dm vipc vd
trong sinh hogt". Ciing phdi ndi them rdng,
giao tidp trong lao dpng Id vd cung quan
trpng VJ da cd nhirng trudng hpp tai ngn lao
d^ng do hieu sai chi Ipnh (yeu cau tdt mdy
thi lgi ehgy mdy, yeu cdu ngat dien thi lgi
ddng dipn...).
3. D$c thd cua quan ly nhd nude vl xu4t
kh^u lao dpng
Theo Bp lu^t Lao dpng hi^n hdnh, qudn
ly nhd nude (QLNN) ve lao dpng ndi chung
gdm 5 logi van de, td xdy dvmg lugt phdp,

chinh sdch den cap nhdt thdng tin thong ke
lao dpng; nghien ciru khoa hpe; din xdy
dimg ca che, thilt che phdt trien quan hp lao
ddng; thanh tra, kilm tra vd gidi quylt khilu
ngi, td cdo. Dieu ndy cho thdy, ciing nhu
nhieu ITnh vyc khdc, Nhd nude khdng 1dm
thay doanh nghipp md chi xdy dimg lugt
phdp, chinh sdch, dinh ra ca chl vgn hdnh vd
thanh tra, kilm tra vipc thye thi cy the ciia
doanh nghiep. Tuy nhidn, ri6ng ITnh vyc
XKLD, Nhd nude lgi phdi thye hipn nhiing
cdng vipe cd tinh chat "khai phd", "md
dudng", sau do doanh nghipp mdi tiln hdnh
cde hogt dpng ey thi tiep theo. Vi vay, Dilu
71 Dy thdo Lugt quy dinh 9 nhdm cdng vipc,
trong dd cd khd nhieu vipc Nhd nude phdi
thye hipn trudc khi doanh nghipp thye hipn.
Ben egnh dd, cdc ca quan ngogi giao Vi^t
Nam d nude ngoai cung cd trdch nhipm tham
gia QLNN ve XKLD.


BANVEDUANLUAT
3.1. To chAc hogt dpng xdc tiin phdt
triin thi tnrdng lao dpng ngodi nude
Thye tiln cho thay, thi trudng cdng rpng
vl du dia vd cdng tdt vl dilu kipn 1dm vice,
dilu kipn sinh sdng thi XKLD cdng cd hieu
qud. Tuy nhien, doanh nghiSp va cd nhdn
ngudi lao ddng khdng thi ty minh xdc dinh

dupe nude ndo, khu vyc ndo lao dpng nude
minh cd thi din Idm vipe. Vi vgy, phdi cd sy
nghiSn curu, tham dd vd ddm phdn, ky ket d
cap nhd nude thi mdi xdc dinh dupe nhirng
vin &h dd. So vdi hpp tdc qudc tl vl lao
dpng vdi cde nude XHCN trudc ddy, cdng
vipc ndy trong giai dogn hipn nay khd khan,
phiie tgp hon nhieu. Bdi vi, td nam 1990 din
nay, thi gidi cd nhilu bat dn, Lidn Xd vd cdc
nude XHCN Ddng Au syp do; hdng chuc
cupc chien tranh vd xung dot lanh thd da nd
ra rat khdc liet, dac bipt Id khu vyc Trung
Ddng... Vi vdy, nhilu thi trudng lao d§ng bi
dinh ddn, bi thu hpp, thdm chi bi ddng ciia.
Thdi gian qua, chiing ta da chuyin hudng,
md dupe mpt sd thi trudng mdi khd tdt nhu
Nh^t Bdn, Hdn Qudc, Ddi Loan..., nhung
ciing dang cd nhiing true trae nhat dinh sau
m^t sd nam thye hipn. Sap tdi, Nhd nude
phdi ehi dgo khac phyc vl ca bdn nhtmg khd
khdn dd. Bdi vay, quy dinh tgi khodn 3 Dieu
4 ve Chinh sdch cua Nhd nude eiia Dy thdo
Lu$t Id dung phuang hudng vd hpp ly:
"Tang cudng hpp tdc qudc tl trong hoat
d$ng md them flii trudng lao dpng mdi, thi
trudng mang lgi vipc 1dm cd thu nhgp cao,
cdng vipc vd ngdnh nghe giup ndng cao trinh
d^, ky nang nghi cho ngudi lao d^ng Viet
Nam idm vipc d nude ngodi". Luu y them
rdng, nhiing thi trudng mdi md cdn phdi tuan

thu nghiem ngat dilm 8 cua Phy lyc I kem
theo Dy thdo Ludt - Danh muc cdng vice vd
khu vyc ngudi lao dpng khdng dupe di Idm
d nude ngodi. Dd Id, "Khu vyc dang cd
chiln sy hogc dang ed nguy co xdy ra chiln
sy, khu vyc dang bi nhiem xa, khu vyc bi

nhilm ddc, khu vyc dang cd dich b^nh dac
bipt nguy hilm". Nhung quy dinh dd nhdm
bdo ddm sue khde, an todn tinh mgng cua
ngudi lao dpng. Vi v^y, hipn nay vd thdi gian
tiep tbeo phdi ddc bi^t luu y tdi nhiing noi
dai dich Covid-19 dang Idy Ian mgnh md
vipc chong dich d do chua hieu qud.
3.2. Ddm phdn ky ket cdc diiu u&c
quoc tCi thda thugn qudc ti
Thda thuan qudc te, hay cde van bdn
khdc dupe ky kit giiia hai Nhd nude thudng
rdt gian nan. Nude tilp n h ^ lao dpng
thudng dat m nhung dieu kien thda man cao
nhat ve nhu cdu lao ddng cua hp (lam vipe d
nhung nai xa xdi, dieu kien lao dpng phiie
tap; d nhiing ngdnh, nghe md lao d^ng nude
hp khd dap ling, khdng ua lam...). Phia eung
ling lao ddng, bao gid ciing dua ra yta cdu
Idm viec d cdc khu cdng nghipp Idn, hipn
dgi, dilu kien lao d^ng tdt, ngdnh nghi phu
hpp, cd khd nang thu nhap cao...). Cudi ciing
thi hai ben phdi tiln din mpt gidi hgn, eung
chap nhdn dupe. De dam phdn cd hipu qud,

chdp nhdn - thda thuan dupe, phia eung ling
lao dpng, ea quan QLNN vl lao dpng phdi
ddy cdng nghien ciiu dia ban, ngdnh nghe cy
thi, dilu kien lao dpng, dieu kipn sinh boat...
d qudc gia, vung lanh thd chudn bi md thi
trudng dl ed can cii thuc tien eho ddm phdn.
Van bdn ky kit Id nhung vdn dl chung nhdt,
Id "khung phap ly" md sau dd doanh nghipp
va ngudi lao dpng eua phia cung ling lao
ddng se ky kit nhimg hpp ddng ey thi theo
quy dinh tai khodn 1 Dilu 9 vd Dilu 51 Dy
thdo Ludt ndy.
Van bdn thda thuan chung thudng ed
thdi han hieu lyc tuong ddi ddi, trong thdi
gian hipu lyc cua thda thuan, mdi ben cd the
cd nhiing biln ddi nhdt dinh nen thudng phdi
ddm phdn, dilu ehmh cho phu hpp vdi tinh
hinh mdi. Trudc ddy, hop tdc qudc tl vl lao
dpng vdi cdc nude XHCN, tmh hinh nhimg
nam ddu thdp nien 80 eua thi ky XX cdn
.

.

NGHIlN CUU I on

S615{415)-T8/202O\_LAP P H A P

^*

b A N Vb UU A N LUA I

tuong ddi dn dinh, vgy md cde Hi$p dinh 1^
vdi cdc nude da phdi sua ddi khd nhieu Idn,
nhieu nhdt Id Hipp dinh ky vdi Lien Xd,
Bungari, cd tdi 4 Ian sda ddi, bd sung. Hien
nay, thi gidi ndi chung, cac thi trudng da md
ndi rieng, tinh hinh chinh tri, kinh te, xa hdi
da vd dang ed nhung bien ddng Idn, vi vgy
phdi theo sdt tinh hinh mpi mat de cd nhung
thda thugn phu hpp nhdt.
3,3. Trdch nhipm cua cde ca quan
ngogi giao
Gdp sdc vdo nhung cdng viec neu tren
cd vai trd quan trpng cua Dai sii qudn, Lanh
sy qudn nude ta d cde nude sd tai. Day ciing
Id mpt khde bipt (dac bipt) cua QLNN vl linh
vyc XKLD. Dy thdo Lugt da ddnh rieng
Dilu 73 - Trdch nhiem cda ca quan dgi dien
ngogi giao, ca quan dgi dien lanh s^ Viet
Nam d nude ngodi, gom 7 khodn quy dinh
vl vdn de ndy, trong dd cd 4 khodn (tii khodn
2 din khodn 5) Id dac bipt quan trpng, cd npi
dung cy thi nhu sau; Nghien ciiu, tim hieu
thi trudng, chinh sdch vd phuang thiic tiep
nhdn ngudi lao ddng nude ngodi cua nude
sd tai. Thdng tin, hudng dan doanh nghiep
tilp egn thi trudng dl ky kit hpp ddng cung
ling lao dpng theo phdp ludt Viet Nam vd

phdp ludt cua nude sd tgi. Ho tro ca quan
nha nude cd tham quyen eua Met Nam trong
vi?e thdm dinh cdc dieu kipn vd tinh kha thi
eua cdc hpp ddng trong hoat dpng dua ngudi
lao ddng Vipt Nam di 1dm viec d nude ngodi
theo hpp dong, vd dia vi phdp ly ciia ddi tdc
nude ngodi. Hudng dan, kiem tra hogt ddng
cua eac dgi di?n cdc doanh nghiep, dan vi sy
nghipp Vipt Nam tgi nude ngodi trong viec
qudn ly, xu ly cdc vdn de phdt sinh ddi vdi
ngudi lao dpng.
d mpt sd nude nhu d Han Qudc, Dai
Loan Trung Qudc, sd lao ddng het han hpp
ddng khdng chiu ve nude ma d lgi sinh sdng
CUU
/
30 NGHIlN
LAP PHAP^S615(415)-T8'2020

bdt hpp phdp vdi ty Ip Idn Idm cho phia nuac
bgn da mpt sd Ian thdi tilp nhgn hogc hgn
chl tilp nhgn lao dpng Vipt Nam. Trong L"?*
XKLD cua Vipt Nam khdng thi quy '^i^
bipn phdp cho b6n tilp nhgn lao ddng dupe,
nhung trong ddm phdn, trong hpi ddm hoan
todn ed thi neu kiln nghj vdi ben tilp nhgn.
Chung tdi giao ddy du sd lupng lao dpng,
diing ca can vd chdt lupng theo diing hpp
ddng; viec sd dyng hipu qud cao hay thdp tuy
thupc muc dp qudn ly chat che cua phia tiep

nhgn. Viec lao dpng trdn ve nude, d lai tiep
tyc Idm viec, ed nguyen nhdn tu phia tiep
nhgn. Doanh nghiep nude tiSp nhdn ed nhu
cau cao vl lao dpng cd tay nghe cao, sdn
sdng tilp nhdn lao dpng cu tni bat hap phdp
vi sau mpt hpp ddng, hp da vung tay nghi,
da quen vdi mdi trudng 1dm vipc; doanh
nghiep se tilt kipm duac khd Idn kinh phi
ddo tgo, khdng cdn ky hpp dong tiep nhgn
lao dpng mdi md van cd dupe lao dpng chdt
lupng cao. Ro rdng, neu khdng cd nhu eau
Idn, khdng cd sv che chd cua cde doanh
nghipp nude tilp nhdn thi lao dpng het hgn
hpp ddng khdng the td tiic lgi dupe... Do dd,
phap lugt lao ddng ciia nude tiep nhdn ciing
phdi dieu chinh van de ndy. Dd la van de
chiing ta hodn todn cd the trao doi dupe vdi
phia cdc ddi tdc.
Trd lgi Dieu 73 Dy thdo Luat, vipc ke
thua quy dinh tgi Dieu 71 Lugt so
72/2006/QHl 1 ngdy 29/11/2006 vd vipc siia
ddi, bd sung nhu trinh bdy tren ddy Id rdt can
thilt va hpp ly. Tuy nhien, sau khi Lugt dupe
thdng qua, de Dieu 73 Lugt ndy cd hipu lye
cao thi cdn thye thi sdm khodn 2 Dilu 72. Vi
vgy, dd Id Bp Lao dpng - Thuang binh vd Xa
hpi can phdi hpp vdi Bp Ngoai giao thdnh
lap, cir can bp vd hudng dan nghipp vy ddi
vdi bd phdn qudn ly lao dpng tryc thupc ea
quan dai dipn ngogi giao, ca quan dgi dipn

Idnh sy Vipt Nam d nude ngodi •