Yếu tố tâm lý trong lãnh đạo, quản lý

NGHlfiN ClTU - TRAO BOI

trong lanh d^o, quan ly
THANH TUYEN
DINH PHONG

T

am ly la su phan anh cua hien thuc
khich quan vao y thfle eon ngudi, bao
gdm nhan thfle, tinh cam, y chf v.v...,
bilu hien trong boat ddng va cfl ehi cua mdi
ngudi (Tfl diin Tieng Viet, Vien Ngon ngu
hpc, 2001). Theo Dai Tfl dien Tieng Viet (NXB
Van hda Thdng tin, 1998) thi: Lanh dao la din
dit, td chfle phong trao theo dudng loi eu the;
quan ly la td ehflc dilu khien boat ddng cua
mdt don vj; mdt eo quan. Hoat dpng lanh dao,
quan ly la su tie dpng cua chu the lanh dao,
quan ly din cic ddi tupng nhim bien ddi true
tie'p ddi tupng theo nhimg mue tieu lanh dao,
quan ly nhdt djnh.
Nhan cich eiia cin bd lanh dao, quan ly cac
cdp hien nay d nude ta dudi gdc nhin eua tam
ly hpe ehfla dung nhflng pham chat tdt dep eiia
ddn tde Viet Nam, giiip hp tien hanh cd hieu
qua nhiem vu ma Dang, Nha nudc va nhdn ddn
giao eho. Co che quan ly kinh te thi trudng vdi
cac quy luat khach quan da hinh thanh d hp
nhiing phim chit tam ly tuong flng. Da sd ed
ban linh ehinh tri vung vang, trung thanh vdi

sy nghiep each mang cua Dang; cd tu duy ddi
mdi, ndng ddng trong lanh dao, dilu hanh cdng
viec, tfch IQy dupe nhilu kinh nghiem trong
cac linh vuc ehinh tri, kinh tl, van hoi-xa hdi,
an ninh-qud'c phdng. Khdng ft can bd lanh dao,
quan ly vuon len dap flng yeu ciu hdi nhdp
kinh te' qude te.
Hien nay, d nude ta phdn Idn can bd cac cap

dupe bd tri, sfl dung diing ehuyen nganh dao
tao. Da so can bd dupe bd nhiem, bd tri vao
cac vi tri lanh dao, quan ly da va dang the hien
nang luc tri tue eiia minh thdng qua boat dpng
lanh dao, quan ly hing ngay. Du d linh vue
cdng tae nao, khdng ft can bd lanh dao, quan
ly the hien viec vdn dung hieu biet vl tdm ly,
sfl dung yeu td tam ly trong hoat dpng cua
minh. Qua viec hpc tap va lam theo tam guong
dao dfle Hd Chi Minh eho thay, mdi bai hpc ve
Bae, mdi viec lam ciia Bac dii Idn hay nhd
cung diu la bai hpc tam ly sau sic, giiip eho
can bd, dang vien nang cao ky nang, hieu qua
trong cong tac ndi chung va trong lanh dao,
quan ly ndi rieng. Vf nhu trong eupe gap gd
mpt ddng chf can bd trung doan, Bae da giao
due mdt each sau sic ve tam ly khi Bac ndi:
"Nudc ndng, ca ehii va tdi diu khdng ud'ng
dupe. Khi ehii ndng, ea chien si eua ehu va ea
toi eung khong tiep thu dupe. Hda nha, diim
dam eung nhu cdc nudc ngudi dl ud'ng, dl tiep

thu hen". Hoac trong mdt tinh hudng khac,
Bae Hd da ndi: "Da hen thi phai den, den cho
dung gid, dpi trdi tanh thi biet den khi nao?
Tha ehi mpt minh Bae va mdt vai chii nfla chju
udt, edn hon de eho ea Idp hpe phai ehd udng
edng!". Nhflng viec lam, suy nghi eua Bae da
ed tic ddng sau sic, cd tic dung giao due den
cap dudi, gdp phin tao nen tim guong sang dl
mpi ngudi noi theo.
VI nang lue td chfle cua ngudi can bd lanh
dao, quan ly, thue tiin cho thdy: Khdng ft
xay dung Ding $61-2010

49


NGHlfiN CLfU - TRAO Ex5l
ngudi thi hien dupe nang luc td chfle, sip xdp
nhdn lue trong gudng miy, dupe tbi hien d ky
nang nhan thfle vin dl, thu thap va xfl ly thdng
tin, hoach djnh eae phuong in giai quyet vin
dl, lua chpn phuong in tdi uu va ra quyet djnh,
td chfle bd miy, dinh gia, dao tao, bdi dudng,
bd tri va sfl dung con ngudi. Kha nang chuyen
mdn gidi cdn thi hien d kha nang danh gii
nang luc lim viec eua cdp dudi va phit huy
dupe kha nang ehuyen mdn cua hp d mflc tdi
da. Cin bd lanh dao, quan ly gidi phai tam ly,
hieu thiu dupe tam tu, nguyen vpng ciia ngudi
lao ddng. Ddng chf Kim Ngpc, nguyen Bf thu

Tinh uy Vinh Phu la mdt ngudi nhu thi. Thdi
ky bao cap, hpp tic xa ndng nghiep nude ta
dang boat ddng khdng hieu qua, dng da thue
hien khoin hd va timg phat bilu: "That ra, day
la nguyen vpng cua ngudi ndng dan mudn
dupe lam ehu manh rudng cua minh, chfl
khdng chung cha din din tinh trang cha ehung
khdng ai khde". Phai chang dng Kim Ngpc da
nim bit, thiu bilu tam tu nguyen vpng eua
ngudi ndng dan - dd chinh la ydu td tam ly da
giup dng thue hien quyet tam eua minh ddi vdi
viec "ddi mdi trong ndng nghiep". Ong dupe
truy tang Huan ehupng Hd Chi Minh.
Trong edng tie can bd, ben canh nhiing kit
qua dat dupe vin cdn nhilu ban chi phai quan
tam giai quyet. Hdi nghj Trung uong 9, khda X
ehi rd: Trong 5 nam, tfl 2003 de'n 2007 ed
16.314 can bd, edng chfle thdi viec, tap trung
chu ye'u d linh vue y tl, giio due d cic dja
phuong (ehie'm 88,7%). Cd 310 ngudi gifl chfle
vu lanh dao thdi viec (chiem 1,9%). Hien nay
d nudc ta, ngudn cin bd quan ly bae cao ehi
dapflngkhoang 30-40% nhu ciu eua cic cdng
ty. Mdt bd phan can bd ehu quan, tu man, bao
thu, tri tre, mic benh thanh tich; sd khic thilu
tam huylt vdi edng viec, thilu guong miu, ndi
nhilu lam it, ndi khdng di ddi vdi lam; lgi dung
chfle quyln dl vun ven lpi ich ea nhan. Dang
ta nhan djnh: Mdt bd phan can bd, dang vien,
kl ca mdt sd can bd chu ehdt, ylu kem vl

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xay dung Ding s61-2010

phim chit va nang lue, vfla thie'u tfnh tien
phong, guong miu, vfla khdng du trinh dd
hoan thinh nhiem vu. Ngoai ra, anh hudng eua
nhiing quan niem phong kie'n "trpng nam
khinh nfl", "sd'ng lau len lao ling"... tao nen
mdt "sfle ep tam ly" ed tfnh tu than. Hau qua la
gdp phin xay ra tinh trang "chay mau chdt
xam", nhilu cin bd nha nudc bd viec sang lam
d khu vue tu nhan, lien doanh vdi nudc ngoai.
Trong nhilu nguyen nhan eua han ehe ndi
tren, cd nguydn nhan do viec van dung ydu td
tam ly trong lanh dao, quan ly chua dupe coi
trpng, phit huy chua dung mflc, chua kip thdi,
chua phu hgp vdi thue tiin edng tie. Tham chf,
tflng lue, tiing nci, yeu to tam ly trong lanh
dao, quan ly khdng dugc de cap ddn. Dae biet,
ddi vdi nhirng dja ban ndng thdn, miin nui...
dpi ngu cin bd cdn thieu va yeu, chua dupe
dao tao, bdi dudng ngang tim vdi nhiem vu
dupe giao. Nlueu cin bd cdn lanh dao, quan ly
theo cam tfnh, thie'u tfnh khoa hpe, tam ly. Tfl
dd anh hudng khdng tdt d ^ hieu qua lam viec
cua cip dudi, ket qua boat ddng lanh dao, quan
ly. Vi vay, cin coi trpng, phit huy yeu to tam
ly trong boat ddng lanh dao, quan ly, coi day
la mdt giai phap hiiu hieu phat huy nhan td con

ngudi nhim hoan thanh nhiem vu dupe giao.
Mdt nha lanh dao, quan ly cd nang lue la ngudi
ed thi giup nhan vien eua minh cam thiy tu tin
vl ban than, tham chi ed thi giup hp lam viec
tdt hon mflc hp cd thi lam dupe. Mdt nha lanh
dao tai nang la ngudi khdng so cip dudi gidi
hon minh va phai biet sfl dung cai tai cua cip
dudi vao thue hien cd hieu qua edng viec
chung, tu "soi" vao cdng su dl nhan ra chfnh
minh. Lanh dao, quan ly bilu biet tam ly dem
lai nhilu lgi feh, biu khdng khi lam viec va
lam eho eudc sdng dl chiu hon, giam cang
thing (stress), tang hieu qua, tang nilm vui
trong cdng vide, tang nang suat cua ea nhan va
tap thi.
Ddng thdi, ngudi can bd lanh dao, quan ly
.!

(Xem tiSp trang 57)


THONG TIN C6NG TAC XAY DLTNG DANG
dja ban mua, dpe va lam theo bao, tap chi ciia
Dang, kit qua phat hanh bao chf nhin ehung dn
djnh, rieng eae bao, tap ehi cua Dang dupe cac co
so dat mua tang len (tap ehi Xay dung Dang tang
hon 5%). Din nay, eae ehi bd, co quan, don vi d
Ha Ddng 98% cd bao Nhan Dan, 98,6% cd bao
Ha Ndi Mdi, 76% sd TCCSD ed bao Kinh te dd
thj, 96,7% sd dang bd ed tap ehi Cdng san va

96,3% sd dang bd cd tap ehi Xay dyng Dang...
Quan uy ehi dao eae phudng, xa td ehflc tdt

viec dpe va lam theo bao, tap chf cua Dang. Cac
ddng ehi bf thu va ca'p uy vien d eo sd da coi bao,
tap chi cua Dang la "cim nang" trong cdng tac va
hpc tap, lam theo nhirng guong ngudi tdt, viec tdt
tren bao chf.
Tai Hdi nghi, Quan uy Ha Ddng da khen
thudng 5 don vj cd thanh tich xua't sic (anh), 5
don vi cd thanh tich tdt trong viec thyc hien mua
dpc va lam theo bao, tap chf cua Dang •
Tui, anh: NGO MINH

Yeu Jo tam ly...

Thuc tiin cho tha'y, mdt ngudi lanh dao,
quan ly gidi phai la ngudi biet sfl dung, phat
huy ngudi khac chfl khdng phai la ngudi ap
dat quyln luc eua minh len ngudi khae. Phai
nim dupe eac ye'u td tam ly khi ra quyet dinh,
dat minh vao vj tri cua hp dl hieu hp hon,
tranh thd o, djnh kiln, phai ddi xfl edng bing
vdi mpi ngudi va dae biet la phai tao dupe uy
tin trong tap thi bing ehinh pham chit, nang
lye, nhirng suy nghi, hanh dpng diing din eiia
minh.

(Tiep ttieo trang 50)

cin phai gidi ehuyen mon, ehi dao thuc hien cd
hieu qua eac boat dpng chuyen mdn. Ngudi
lanh dao phai gidi chuyen mdn khdng cd nghia
la giai quylt true tilp mpi van dl vl ehuyen
mdn, ma li kha nang danh gia va tim ra dupe
cac giai phap ed hieu qua qua cac trp ly ehuyen
mdn hoac cung vdi trp ly ehuyen mdn eua
minh. Phai biit ddng vien, khuye'n khich, tap
hpp dupe nhilu ngudi hang hii lao vao edng
viec chung. Su tac ddng nay, trudc hit bilu
hien kha nang lan truyin nghj lue va y chi cia
ban than sang nhilu ngudi khae, khoi day long
hang hii va quye't tam d hp. Viec lam dd dupe
bilu hien qua phuong phap, ndi dung, hinh
thfle lua chpn, dao tao eon ngudi ed dii tnnh dp
dap flng yeu ciu cdng viee, kha nang thu but,
tap hpp mpi ngudi tham gia boat ddng vi mue
dfeh chung cua tap thi va xa hdi. Dae biet, phai
biit cham lo ddi sdng vat cha't, tinh than, ddng
vien, khuyen khich ngudi lao ddng, khdng
tranh cdng d6 tdi. Trong boat ddng eiia mdi
don vi, ngudi lanh dao, quan ly khdng chi coi
trpng boat ddng chuyen mdn, nghiep vu ma
cdn chu y eae boat ddng van hda, van nghe, thi
thao, ky niem truyin thdng, da ngoai... Bdi dd
la mdi trudng tao tam ly thoai mii, biu khdng
khi cdi md, dan ehii, doan kit, giup mpi ngudi
xich lai gin nhau hpn, bilu nhau hon, gdp phan
tao ra sfle manh ndi luc.

De can bp lanh dao, quan ly phat huy dupe
ylu td tam ly trong boat ddng ciia minh, cac
chuong tnnh dao tao, bdi dudng cin tang
cudng hon nfla thdi lupng eiia mdn "Tam ly
hpe". Ddi vdi eae hdi thi "bao cao vien gidi",
"tuyen truyin vien phap luat gidi", "hda giai
vien gidi", "can bd edng doan gidi", "ehu tich
UBND xa, phudng, thj tra'n gidi", "bf thu ehi
bd gidi", eac hdi thi hiing bien... can bd sung
va tang cudng eac ndi dung vl tam ly ndi
ehung va tam ly hpe lanh dao, quan ly ndi
rieng nhim giup nang cao kiln thfle va ky nang
trong cdng tae.
Yeu td tam ly trong lanh dao, quan ly cin
phai dupe hpc tap, ren luyen thudng xuyen vi
nd khdng phai la viee cua ngay mdt, ngay hai
ma dd la ea qua trinh tich luy tfl cupc sdng xa
hdi, tfl thue tiin edng tie. Dd eung ehinh la
yeu ciu khdng thi thieu dl ngudi can bp lanh
dao, quan ly hoan thanh tdt nhiem vu eua
minh •
xay dung Dang $61-2010

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