Nghiên cứu, tìm hiểu kinh nghiệm giải quyết vấn đề lao động, việc làm trong điều kiện việt nam gia nhập cộng đồng kinh tế ASEAN của một số địa phương và bài học rút ra cho tỉnh quảng bình

lUAT

NGHIEN ClfU, TIM HIEU KINH NGHIEM
GIAI QUYET VAN DE LAO D O N G , VIEC LAM
TRONG DIEU KIEN VIET NAM GIA NHAP
CQNG DONG KINH TE ASEAN CUA MOT SO
DIA PHl/dNG VA BAI HOC RUT RA
CHO TINH QUANG BINH
• PHAN THI THU HA

T6M

TAT:

Sau khi Vidt Nam gia nhdp Cpng dong kinh td' ASEAN (AEC), tinh Qudng Binh da rat quan tam
gidi quyd't vd'n de lao ddng, viec lam cho ngffdi dan. Nam bat xu the' hpi nhap khu vffc va quoc te,
linh de'n nam 2018, cac trung tdm dich vu vide lam da tff va'n ve vide lam, hpc nghe va xuatkhau
lao ddng cho trdn 36.000 Iffdt ngffdi, co 3.350 lao ddng dffdc myen dung dffa di lam vipc ed thdi
ban d nffdc ngoai theo hdp ddng. Hang nam, Iffdng kieu hdi eua ngffdi lao dpng lam vide d nffdc
ngoai gO"! ve hdn 200 t^ ddng, da gdp phin giup ngffdi ddn nang eao chS't lu'dng eude sd^ng.
Tuy nhidn, bdn canh nhffng thuan ldi, vide Viet Nam gia nhap AEC cung dat ra nhieu thach
thffe, khd khdn dd'i vdi vd'n dl gidi quyd't viec lam cho lao ddng cua tinh Quang Binh. Bai viel
nghidn cffu lim hieu kinh nghidm gidi quye't lao ddng, vide lam cua mdt sd' dia phffdng trong diiu
kien Vidt Nam gia nhdp AEC va bai hpc kinh nghiem eho tinh Quang Binh.
Tiif khoa: Asean, lao ddng, viee lam, linh Quang Binh, kinh nghidm.

l.Dltva'nde
Trong nhffng nam g^n day, do co sff di chuyen
lao dpngti-ongkhu vffc AEC, kinh td' ngffdi dan tinh
Quang Binh dffdc cdi thien, Iffdng kieu hdi cua
ngffdi lao ddng lam viee d nffdc ngoai gu'i ve gdp

phan giup bd con nhdn ddn xay dffng, ehinh trang
nha d, mua s^m ngff eu, dau tff may moc san xudt
ndng nghiep, phat trie'n md hinh chan nudi. Dong

thdi, giai quyet viec lam cho lao ddng dia phffdng,
gop phan thuc day kinh te' - xa hpi tinh Quang Binh
phdt tiien ddng hffdng.
Tuy nhien. vide Viet Nam gia nhap AEC cung
dat ra nhieu thach thffc, khd khan dd'i vdi vd'n dd
giai quye't viec lam eho lao ddng eua tinh Quang
Binh. Tham gia AEC, ngffdi lao ddng eua linh ed
the phai chiu nhffng bat ldi do doanh nghiep gap
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57


TAP CHJ CONG THlTdNG

nhieu khd khan khi phai canh tranh vdi edc
doanh nghiep nffdc ngoai, tham chi pha san, dan
de'n lao ddng bi mat viec lam. Chat lUdng nguon
nhan lu'c lao ddng cua Quang Binh chffa cao, qud
trinh dao tao nghe trdn dia bdn tinh vln chffa dap
ffng dffdc yeu cau cua thi trffdng lao ddng AEC
va nhu cau xa hdi, sffe hut lao ddng trong cac
doanh nghiep khd khiem tdn do quy md nhd lai
vffa thie'u. Ty le ngu'di di xua't khau lao ddng d
cde nffdc Thai Lan, Singapore, Malaysia d lai bat
hdp phap cdn cao, da anh hffdng khdng nho de'n

ngffdi lao ddng trong nffdc noi ehung, tinh Quang
Binh noi rieng khi mud'n di xud't kbd'u lao ddng
vao thi trffdng nay.
Chinh vi vay, de gidi quye't td't vd'n de lao ddng
va viec lam d dnh Quang Binh trong dieu kien
Viet Nam gia nhap AEC can cd sff nghien cffu,
danh gia mdt each khoa hpc, khdch quan va toan
dien ve nhffng tdc ddng eua vide gia nhap AEC.
2. Npi dung
2.1. Lao dgng, vi^c lam Vift Nam trd&c khi gia
nh4p CQng dong kink te ASEAN (AEC)
Ngay lOthdng 11 nam 2014,Tong Cue trffdng
Tong cue Thd'ng ke da ban hanh Quye'i dinh so'
I287/QD-TCTK ve Diiu tra lao dpng viec lam
nam 2015. Muc dich eua cudc diiu tra nham thu
thdp cde thdng tin ve linh trang tham gia thi trffdng
lao ddng nam 2015 cua nhffng ngffdi tff 15 tudi trd
len hien dang sd'ng tai Viet Nam lam cd sd long
hdp, bien soan cde ehi tieu thd'ng ke qud'e gia \e
lao ddng, vide lam, tha't nghiep va thu nhap eua
ngffdi lao ddng. Qua dd giup ede cd'p, cac nganh
ddnh gia va so sanh sff bie'n dpng cua thi trffdng
lao ddng, lam can eff xay dffng, hoach djnh chinh
sdeh phdt trien nguon nhdn Iffc, ke' hoach boat
ddng dau tff, san xua't, kinh doanh phu hdp vdi xu
hffdng phat trien cua thi trffdng lao ddng trong bd'i
canh Viet Nam gia nhap Cong dong kinh le'
ASEAN (AEC). Dong thdi. cd edeh tiep can va ap
dung khuye'n nghi mdi cua To ehffc Lao ddng
Qud'e te've lao ddng va viec lam. dac biei la "lao

ddng chffa sff dung he't" vao thffe tidn Viet Nam.
Sd lieu dffdc long hdp Iheo quy cho cap toan quoc:
vung va nam cho cap tinh. thanh phd.

58

So 17-Thang 7/2020

2.2. Kinh nghifmeiiiquyl'l'ill
il''"'
'"«'
viec lam lro„g iHu kifn Vi'l Nam gta nhqp
AEC cua m^t sKdia phUtmg vi hai hoc cho tinh
Qudng Binh
2 2.1. Kmh nglultti giat quyet rati de lao dong.
viec lam Irong diiu kien Viel Nam gia nhap AEC
ciia mot so dia pliiitJng
2.2.1.1. Kinh nghiem cua tuih Quang Tn
Tinh Quang Tn la dia phiJOng da dat dUdc nhillig
Icet qua quan trpng trong giai quyft van de lao d6ng,
viec lam sau khi Viet Nam gia nhap AEC. Nam
2016, SS Lao dpng • Thtlflng binh va Xa hpi tinh
Quang Tri da phoi hap vdi cac doanh nghiep xuat
khau lao dpng. Tnfdng Trung cap nghe Quang Tri,
Tinh doan. Hoi Lien hiep Phu nirtinh, Hpi Nong dan
tinh to chiJc hpi nghi pho bien cac chinh sach va tiT
van ve viec lam, xuat khau lao dong; hpi nghi tap
huan ve ky nang, phifdng phap phan tich thong tin
thi tnfdng lao dong ct mot sp cum xa. Sd Lao d6ng Thifdng binh va Xa hpi tinh Quiing Tri cung tllp
trung thifc hien cac npi dung, giiii phap de h§ trd

ngifdi lao dpng cac xii, viing ven bien trong viec dinh
hifdng, chuyen doi nghe va tao viec lam, nhif; To
chiJc diio tao nghe gdn vdi giai quyet viec lam; chi
dao to chu'c san giao dich viec lam tai cac xa, cum xii
ven bien; phoi hdp vdi cac doanh nghiep to chu'c
tuyen truyen, tuyen dung lao dpng di xuat khau lao
dong tai cac xa, dac biet la cac xa ven bien.
Sd Lap dpng - Thifdng binh va Xa hpi tinh
Quiing Tri da td chifc dieu tra, khao sat thong tin
ve nhu cau hoc nghe, giai quyet viec lam, xuat
kliau lao ddng, chuyen ddi smh ke ciia cSc hp gia
dinh thupc 16 xa vung bien bi anh hifdng do mdi
tnfdng sinh thai bien b| 6 nhijm. Ke't qua la nam
2016, tinh Qudng Tri da giai quye't viec lam cho
khoang 10.600 lUdt lao dpng (dat 112 % ke
hoach). trong dd cd 6.312 lifpt lao dpng lam viec
trong tinh, 2.809 lifdt lao dpng lam viec ngoai tinh
va 1 479 lao dpng lam viec d ngoai mfdc (Nhat
Ban, Dai Loan, Hiin Qudc, Ma-lai-xi-a, Lao va
cac thi tnfdng khac), ty le that nghiep thanh thi
giam con 3,6'/r (4). Nilm 2019, tinh Quang Tri da
giai quye't vipc lam mdi cho 14.012 lap ddng (dat
1.33.4% ke hoach), trong dd xuat kha'u lao dong
2.926 ngifdi.


LUAT

2.2.1.2. Kinh nghiem cua tinh Binh Dffdng
6 Binh Dffdng, trong 6 thang dau ndm 2016,

boat dpng tff vd'n vide lam da thu hut 1.276 doanh
nghiep va 42.378 lao ddng tham gia. Tinh eung da
giai quyd't vide lam eho 25.692 lao dpng. Cde
trffdng, cd sd day nghe d Binh Dffdng irong nam
2016 dd tuyd'n sinh gan 32.000 hpc vien va dao
tao nghe cho I.48I lao ddng. Tinh dd'n nam 2019,
da tff va'n gidi thieu vide lam cho 123.622 ngffdi
lao dpng; so ngffdi lao ddng dffdc gidi thieu vide
lam la 84.798 ngffdi; sd' ngffdi lao ddng nhan dffdc
vide lam la 45.342 ngffdi. De'n eud'i nam 2019,
Trung tam Dieh vu vide lam dnh da tie'p nhan
thdng tin tuyin dung lao ddng cua 3.905 doanh
nghiep, vdi nhu cau tuy^n dung 178.336 lao ddng;
irong dd CO I27.0321aoddngphd thdng-chie'm ty
le 71,2%; 51304 lao ddng chuyen mdn va lao
ddng ky thudt - chie'm ty Id 28,8%. To ehffe san
giao dich vide lam trffe tie'p, san trffe tuye'n, san
giao dich vide lam online. Tinh dd'n he'l thang
10/2019, Trung tdm td chffc tong edng 39 san giao
dich vide 1dm, vffdt 44,4% chi tieu dang ky dau
nam. Cu thi, da td' chdc 34 san trffe tie'p tai tru sd
(24 san dinh ky tff lln thff 202 dd'n 225 vd 10 san
md rdng); 04 san tai cde trffdng dai hpc, cao ddng,
dia phffdng va doanh nghidp tren dia ban tinh, 01
phidn giao dich vide lam online.
v l cdng tdc xud't khd'u lao ddng: Cde doanh
nghiep tuyen ehpn lao ddng di lam viec theo hdp
dong lai nffdc ngoai, tren dia ban tinh ed 30 lao
ddng di lam viec d nffdc ngoai (Ddi Loan: 8 ngffdi,
Nhat Ban: 21 ngffdi. Ma Cao: I ngffdi). Cd 15 lao

ddng dat ke't qua luyen ehpn, chd xud't canh di
Han Qud'e (IPS) theo chffdng trinh phd'i hdp giffa
02 Chinh phu Viet Nam va Han Quo'c; 01 lao ddng
di lam viec tai Nhat Ban theo chffdng trinh phd'i
hdp giffa 02 Chinh phu Viet Nam vd Nhat Ban.
Xdc nhdn cho Cdng ly CP Nhan Lffe Hoang Ha tff
van, tuyen ehpn lao ddng di lam vide ed thdi han d
nffdc ngoai theo hdp dong. Trien khai vide tang
cffdng boi dffdng kie'n thdc can thie't cho ngffdi lao
ddng khi di Idm vide eung nhff cac doanh nghiep
dffa lao ddng di lam vide tai Dai Loan. Trong ndm
2019, 60 lao dpng di lam vide d nffdc ngoai theo
hdp dong qua Chffdng trinh phi ldi nhuan va

chffdng trinh Idi nhuan (doanh nghiep ed chffc
nang dffa lao ddng di lam vide d nffdc ngoai theo
hdp dong).
2.2.2. Bdi hoc gidi quyet vdn de lao dong, viec
lam trong diiu kien Viet Nam gia nhap AEC cho
tinh Qudng Binh
Mot Id, chinh quyen cac cap cua tinh Qudng
Binh cdn hoan thien the che ve lao ddng- xd hoi
theo tieu chuan khu VIJCC vd qudc te.
Chu ddng nghien cffu Cdng ffdc ed ban cua
ILO (dae biet la 3 Cdng Udc ed ban vl quyen iff do
lien ke't va thffdng Iffdng tap the eua ngffdi lao
ddng va ngu'di sff dung lao ddng, xda bd lao ddng
cffdng bffc va lao dpng bat budc). Nghien cffu cac
dieu ffdc, lieu ehua'n va cam kd't qud'c te' ve lao
ddng - xa hdi md Viet Nam la thanh vien, tren cd

sd do tu van, xay dUng chinh sdeh lao ddng, viec
lam cho Qudng Binh phii hdp vdi khu vffc va qud'e
te'. Ap dung cde phffdng phdp tie'p can, tieu chi
danh gia ve lao ddng - xa hdi theo thdng le qud'c
td' va khu vffc. Chu ddng dff bao, xff ly kip thdi edc
va'n de lao ddng - xa hpi phdt smh trong qua trinh
phat triln, thffe thi cde cam ke't qud'c te'. Long
ghep binh dang gidi trong qua trinh xay dffng,
hoan thien the che' ve lao ddng - xa hdi theo yeu
cau hdi nhap qud'e id'.
Hai la, tdng cudng truyen thdng, phd bien kie'n
thdc vd ndng cao nhdn titdc.
Tuyen iruyen, phd bien sau rpng chu tru'dng
hpi nhap AEC va qud'c te' ve linh vffc lao dpng- xa
hpi irdn cac phffdng tidn thdng tin dai ehung; xay
dffng cdng thdng tin dien tff hdi nhap qud'e te' ve
lao dpng- xd hdi. Td ehffc bdi dffdng kie'n ihffc hpi
nhap AEC va qud'e le' ve lao dpng - xd hdi irong
cae ban, nganh, cd quan, doanh nghiep, ngffdi lao
ddng cua tinh Quang Binh, nham nang cao nhan
thffe vl nhu cau, ndi dung, ed hpi va thach thffc
trong hdi nhap AEC, trong viec thue hien cac cam
ke't vdi AEC, lao dong thuan va tang cffdng trach
nhiem, ed hanh ddng thd'ng nha't thffe hien ede
hoal dpng va hdp tdc qud'c id'.
Ba Id, ndng cao chdt luang nguon nhdn lUc.
Tap trung vao ddi mdi giao due - dao tao, day
nghe dia phffdng, trong do chii trpng viee xdc djnh
lai ed eau dao tao: hodnlhien the che'. gdn ke't dao

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59


TAP CHJ CONG THIftfNG

tao vdi nhu eau thi trffdng lao ddng trong nffdc va
AEC vdi tham gia eua doanh nghiep; tang cffdng
lien kd't, tham gia vao "chuoi gia tri dao lao loan
eau hoac khu vffc AEC". Dao lao theo ddn "dat
hang" cua doanh nghiep, eiia ihi trffdng theo cac
lieu chuan nang Iffc trong AEC.
Bdn Id, hodn thien vd phdt trien thi trudng lao
ddng trong tinh.
Ke't ndi cung - eau lao dpng hieu qua. To chffc
td't he thd'ng thdng tin thi trffdng lao ddng, bao
gdm thi irufdng trong tinh Quang Binh ndi ridng va
trong nffdc ndi ehung de gidi thieu va ebdp ndi
vide lam vdi thi trffdng lao dpng AEC. Ddc biet,
tang cffdng va ndng cao chat Iffdng dff bao nhu eau
lao ddng cua thi trffdng AEC. Doi mdi va day
manh cdng tac Iff vd'n hffdng nghiep, ddm bao
phan luong hoe sinh hidu qua ngay iff cap trung
hoc ed sd va trung hpc phd thdng. Td chffc lai va
ndng cao nang Iffc eua hd thd'ng trung tdm dich vu
vide lam nham tdng cffdng sff lien kd't, chia se
thdng tin, ho trd nhau trong edng tac eung ffng va
tuyen dung lao ddng eho cac doanh nghiep.
Ndm Id, xay dUng quan he lao dong hai hoa, dn

dinh vd lien bd.
Xay dffng cdng doan ed sd vffng manh. Tdn
trpng va bao ve quyen cua ngudi lao dpng trong
vide thanh lap va gia nhap to ehffc cua ngffdi lao
ddng tai ed sd doanh nghiep. Day manh ihffc hien
quyin Ihffdng Iffdng tap the thffc chd't. Ndng eao
ndng Iffc eua cd quan thanh tra lao ddng trong tie'p
nhdn, xff ly thdng tin, xff ly tranh cha'p lao ddng de
ddp ffng cde cam ke't trong AEC.

Sdu Id, thdc ddy di cu lao dong an u n vd
hieu qud.
Hd ird cho lao dpng di chuyln (dd bo cac rao
can vl hanh chinh, tao lien thdng ede dieh vu xa
hdi Cd ban, lien thdng bao hiem tha't nghiep, bao
hilm xa hdi, bdo hie'm y te'...). Do'i vdi lao ddng
Quang Binh lam viec tai nffdc ngoai theo h0p
d6ng. cdn tiep hie khac phue; lao dong bo iron
(bao dam eho ngffdi lao ddng ve nffdc dung ban)
va tai hda nhap td't vao tiii trffdng lao ddng; lien
ke't vd tao dffng mang Iffdi an sinh xd hoi, chuyen
nen ve nffdc an loan va sff dung hieu qud, giam
cac lieu effc trong tuyen dung.
3. Ket luSn
Cong ddng kinh te' ASEAN (AEC) dffdc thanh
lap md Viet Nam la qud'e gia ihdnh vien da ddnh
da'u mdt bffdc phat trie'n vffdt bac vl kinh te', khoa
hpc vd xa hdi, eho phep nffdc ta lan hffdng dffdc
nhffng dieu kien ihuan ldi nha't de vffdn minh Idn
mot tam cao mdi.

Sff kien nay tao ra cd hdi Idn cho tinh Quang
Binh trong vide giai quye'i van de lao ddng, viec
lam, day manh xud't khau lao ddng sang thi trffdng
AEC. Tuy nhidn, bdn canh nhffng ed hdi cd dffdc,
lao ddng cua tinh Qudng Binh cQng se phai dd'i
dien vdi nhieu thdch thffe, khd khdn khi chd't
Iffdng nguon Iffc lao dpng con tha'p. Vi vdy, nghien
cffu thffc trang, ddnh gia dung eha't Iffdng, de xua't
nhffng giai phdp kha thi nhdm nang cao chd't Iffdng
ngudn lffe lao ddng eua tinh Quang Binh ddp ffng
yeu cau cac thoa tiiuan tiiffa nhdn Idn nhau ve lao
ddng trong AEC hidn nay la hd't sffe can dud't •

TAI L i e u THAM KHAO:
1. Qud'c hoi (2012). Bo Ludt Lao ddng.
2. Qud'c hoi (2016). Bd Lugt Dieu udc qudc te.
3. Qudc hoi (2013), Bo Luat viec lam sd38/20!3/QH13.
4. Qudc hoi (2006).fi72/2006/QHlI.
5 Bd Cong Thifdng - Vu Chinh sdch thUdng mai da bien(2016|. Cdng dong kinh te ASEAN -Cdhoi k \h& h
thffc vdi Viet Nam. aecvcci.vn/lin-luc -/cong-dong-kinh-ie-asean-co-hoi-va-thach-thuc-voi-viet-nam
60

So 17-Thang 7/2020


LUAT

6. Bg Lao dong - ThUdng binh vd Xa hoi (2013), Thong tu sd 11/2013/IT-BLDTBXH danh muc c6ng viec nhe
dU(?c sd dung ngudi dUdi 15 ludi lam viec. Ha Ndi.

7. Bd Ke hoach vd Dau tU - Tong cue Thdng ke (2016), Bdo cdo ndng sudi lao ddng cua Viet Nam: Thuc trang
vd gidi phdp. Ha Npi.
Ngay nMn bai: 7/6/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chffa: 17/6/2020
Ngay chap nh§n dang bai: 27/6/2020
Thdng tin tdc gid:
ThS. PHAN THI THU HA
Khoa Lu§t, Trffotng Dai hpc Quang Binh

EXPERIENCE IN RESOLVING LABOUR
AND EMPLOYMENT ISSUES OF SOME LOCALITIES
IN THE CONTEXT OF VIETNAM'S PARTICIPATION IN ASEAN
AND SOME LESSONS FOR QUANG BINH PROVINCE
• Master. PHAN THI THU HA
Faculty of Law, Quang Binh Unviersity
ABSTRACT:
After Vietnam joined ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), Quang Binh Province, like
many other localities accross the country, has paid great attention to labor and employment
issues. Grasping the trend of regional and international integration, as of 2018, employment
service centers in Quang Binh Province have advised, trained and exported over 36,000 turns
of workers and 3,350 employees are employed lo work abroad under contracts with a definite
period of time. Every year, Quang Binh Province's workers Uving abroad sent home more than
200 billion VND. helping local people improve their quality of life. However, besides the
advantages, Vietnam's participation in ASEAN Economic Community also poses many
challenges and difficulties to employment issues of Quang Binh Province. This article presents
the experience in resovling labour and employment issues of some loeahties in the context of
Vietnam's participation in ASEAN Economic Community, thereby drawing some lessons for
Quang Binh Province.
Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community, labor, employment, Quang Binh Province,
experience.

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