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«GHII;N ciru - TRAO DOI

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VANflETHirC THI THE GHE QUAN IY VAN HOA
ii 00 TO! HIEN KAY
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TSNGUYfiN HUY PHONG

D

anh gia vl nhung thanh tuu dat duoc va ca
nhiing bat cap ban chfl' trong eong tac quan ly
van hda qua 15 ndm thue hien Nghi quyg't
Trung uong nam khda VIII ve "Xdy dimg vd phdt trien
nin van hda Viet Nam tiin tiin, ddm dd bdn sdc ddn
tdc", Dang ta nhan dinh: "Cflng tae quan ly nha nude
ve van hda dugc tang eirong, thfl'chg'vdn boa timg budc
dugc hoan thifln''^ Tuy nhifln, o mot so' dia phuong,
vifle xdy dung va thuc thi nhung the che've quan ly van
hda cbn ton tai nhie'u bat cap, yg'u kem: "Hg thfl'ng
thie't chg'van hda va eo so vat chat, ky thuat cho boat
dgng van hda cbn thifl'u va yfl'u, ed noi xufl'ng dp, thieu
dfl'ng bfl, hiflu qua su dung thap"^. Yi the, viee quan
tdm xdy dung he tho'ng the' chfl', thifl't chfl'vdn hda dfl'ng
bp ciing nhu vdn hanh va thuc thi ed hiflu qua the' chfl
se gdp phin quan trpng vao eong cupc xdy dung va
phat trifl'n van hda, eon ngubi Viet Nam dap iing nhu
clu phat trien ben vung dd't nuoc hien nay.
1. Van hoa do thi vd nhfing the che quan ly
vdn hoa a d d thi

Dfl thi la noi tdp trung cua eac trung tdm chinh tri,
kinh te', van hda, xd hfli; la noi cd mat do ddn cu dflng,
cd vai trb quan trpng trpng viflc phat trifl'n kinh tfl' - xa
hfli cua dd't nudc. 0 Viet Nam, qua trinh do thi hda
trong nhiing nam qua diln ra vdi tfl'e dp nhanh vdi
nhie'u loai hinh do thi mdi dugc thanh lap, dem lai
dien mao mdi cho dd't nudc, thu hiit nguon vfln diu tu
* Hoc vien Chfnh trj qudc gia Hd Chf Minh

nuoc ngoai, tiing buoc ndng cao chat luong cuflc sfl'ng
cua ngubi ddn. Theo sfl'lieu tho'ng ke ve tinh hinh phat
trifl'n dfl thi o Viflt Nam thi "tinh dg'n thang 12 - 2013,
ca nudc cd 770 dfl thi, trong do cd 2 dfl thi dae biet, 14
dfl thi loai 1,10 dfl thi loai II, 52 dfl thi loai III, 63 do
thi loai IV va ebn lai la cac do thi loai V. Dan so' dfl thi
nam 2013 tang khoang 1,3 triflu ngubi so vdi nam
2012. Theo dd, ty le dfl thi hda trfln toan qufle tinh dg'n
12 - 2013 la 33,47%, tdng 1,02% so vdi ndm 2012,
tuong duong dan so'dfl thi tang khoang 1,3 triflu ngubi/
nam. Tuy nhign, ddn cu dfl thi phdn bo khflng deu, tdp
trung chu yg'u b eac thanh phfl'ldn (khoang 50% ddn so'
dfl thi tap trung tai 16/770 do thi tren ca nude)"^.
Va theo Quyg't dinh phfl duyet quy boach tong the
phat trifl'n he tho'ng dfl thi Viflt Nam den nam 2025 va
tam nhin dfl'n nam 2050 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu
(Quyfl't dinh so'445/QD-TTg, ngay 7 - 5 - 2009) tbi dg'n
nam 2025, tfl'ng so'dfl thi cua ca nude vao khoang 1.000,
ti-ong dd CO 17 dfl thi tu loai I de'n dac biet; 20 dfl thi loai
II; 81 dfl thi loai III; 122 dfl thi loai IV; cbn lai la cac do
tbi loai V.

Xet ve mat van hda, dfl thi la noi tap trung nhieu di
san, di tich van hda, chiia dung nhilu trim tieh lich su
dung nuoc, giii nudc eua cha ong; noi tdp trung cbu yfl'u
1,2 Oang Cdng san Viet Nam: Van kien Hdi nghj lan thii chin.
Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa XI, Luu hanh ndi bd.
Van phdng Trung uong Bang, H, 2014, tr, 5. tr 6.
3 Din theo B aoxaydung.com .vn/news/vn/xa-hoi/do-thi/n am2013-viet-nam-co-770-do-thi html.

561,


NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
cua dfli ngii tri thiic, cflng nhan, doanh nhdn vdi miic theo huong hifln dai. Tuy nhien, viec phat trifl'n kinh
sfl'ng cao, ed dieu kien de phattirientoan dien Vdi cosb tfl' phai di doi vdi phat trie'n van hda, nang cao miic
ha ting duoe diu tu, trinh dp ddn tri cao, nhieu trung sfl'ng, muc huong thu va sang tao van hda cua ngubi
tdm vui choi, mua sdm, cac eflng vien, nhd hat, bao dan, vi xet den eung, muc tieu phat trifl'n la vi con
tang... dugc thanh lap, se la nhiing co hpi thudn lgi dfl ngubi, vi su hoan thifln nhdn each mfli cd nhdn.
nang eao dbi sfl'ng tinh thin cua ngubi dan.
Trong nhiing nam qua, de bao ton, phat buy nhiing
Tuy nhign, mac dii da dat duge mpt so'ke't qua nhdt gia tii van hda b dfl thi, trong dd cd nhirng gia tri van boa
dinh, nhung ve coban qua trinh dfl thi hda bnudc ta ebn vdt the (nhu cac cflng trinh kie'n true, diti'ehHch sueach
bflc 18 nhieu bat on. Rat dong nong ddn trbtbanh thi dan, mang, den chiia...) va nhung gia tri van hda phi vdt the
rat nhieu dientiehddt nong nghigp tro thanh dit do thi (bao gim cae boat dflng tm ngubng, phong tuc, trb choi
nhb cac quyfl't dinh hanh ehfnh, hay ndi each khac, cae do ddn gian, cac loai huih sdn kha'u, nghe thudt...), Dang,
thi dd phai "om" qua nhieu nong dan, nflng thfln va nong nha nutjc va cac eg quan ban nganh dia phuong da ban
nghiep. Nam 2013, sfl'luong ngiriri ddn nflng thon chifl'm hanh nhieu vdn ban, chi tbi (nhu Chi thi s6'27 cua Bp
ty le ldn trong tong dan so'eua mgt sfl'thanh pho'(nhueua Chinh tri khda VUI (1998) ve thue hien nfl'p sfl'ng van
Hd Ngi khoang 57,5%, Hai Phong khoang 53,4%, Can nunhtirongviflc cudi, viee tang, lg hpi), nghi quyfl't ( N ^
Tho khoang 33,5%, TP. Hi Chi Minh 17,5% va eua Da quyet Trung uong 5 khda VHI (1998) ve' xay dung va
Ndng khoang 12,7%) da gayra nhieu bat cap trong phat phat trien nen van hda Viflt Namtientie'n,dam da ban

sac ddn tfle), xdy dung eac luat (Ludt Di san van hda,
trien kinh tfl'va nhieu khd khan trong quan ly dfl thi.
Sudi cui at cua cu dan nong thon ra dfl thi lam an, Luat Quang cao, Ludt Xudt ban, Ludt Difln anh, Luat
Bao
chi, Ludt So hiiu tri tufl, Ludt Du lieh, Phap lenh
kiem song, mang theo nhiing le loi, thdi quen cu cua ngubi
tieu nflng khifln cho vifle quan ly, dilu hanh, to cbuc ^ hpi Thu vifln), phat dgng phong trao "Toan dan doan kfl't
gap nhieu khd khan. Mat khac, qua trinh dfl tbi hda qua xdy dung dbi sflng van hda"... Va 0 cae eflng dong ddn cui
nhanh khien cho nhilu euddn chua kip thich dr\% vdi loi khu pho' Cling xdy dung nhiing bfl quy tac iing xu; nhiing
sw^ cong i^hiep, vdi nep song van minh, hien dai. Ddn sfl' quy dinh chung... tao hanh lang phap ly dfl'tao ra nhiing
dfl thi dflng, trinh dp nhdn thuc khflng dfl'ng deu, su tiep khong gian van hda, mfli trubng van hda lanh manh ma
nhan nhiing ye'u to'van hda ngoai lai khflng thfl'ng nhat, b dd con ngubi cd dieu kien de' phat huy nang lue sang
each hanh xu tiiy tien, tii do vfl t^ chuc... ddn dfl'n biic tao, huong thu nhung gia tri tinh thin, ndng cao chat
lugng cufle song.
tranh dfl thi trbnfln "nhg'eh nhac".
Dac biet, onhung do thi ldn nhuHa Npi, TP. Ho Chi
Ng'u coi "thi chl (institution) la su chg' dinh vl ludt
Minh, Hai Phbng..., canhtironglpn xpn trong giao thflng le dat ra cho mfli eflng dfl'ng, qufl'e gia de cae thanh vifln
thirong xuygn difln ra. Quy hoaeh khflng gian kifl'n tnic, trong cflng ding dd can eii thuc hien. Va the ehe quan ly
eanh quan do thi khflng dong deu, quy dat eho eac hoat van hda la nhung quy dinh, luat phap eua nha nunc va
dpng vui choi cong cpng, xay dung nha trubng, bflnh vien eo quan ban nganh, doan the' tao dung nhdm tao ra
de' dap iing nhu clu hoc tdp, kham chiia bflnh cua ngiroi hanh lang phap ly va nhung quy dinh cu the trong viec
dan qua ft. Te nan xa hgi khflng ngung gia tdng. Nhieu dam bao boat dgng cua hnh vuc van hda", tM troi^ thbi
di san van hda bi xdm bai, lam mdi, gdy biic xiie du gian viia qua nhung thfl' chfl' van hda duoe ban hanh da
luan. Tinh trang mdctiii,ehen ep khach du lich nudc phat huy tdc dung ldn trong viflc tao ra banh lang phap
ngoai xay ra thubng xuyen. Van nan 6 nhiflm moi tnrong ly, mfli trubng boat dgng dfl' cac co quan chiie nang can
de dga nghigm trpng va anh huong ldn de'n chat luong cu thuc thi, ngiroi ddn tudn tiiu thuc bifln, tao ra nep
cuoc so'ng eua ngubi dan. Nhung hien tuong phan van sfl'ng van minh, lieh sucua cu dan noi do tbi.
hda dd tao ra nhilu bat ^n trong Ibng nhiing do tbi dugc
2. Nhung bit cap trong vi^c thuc thi the che

coi la hien dai, van minh.
quan ly vdn h6a d d6 thi
Cd the' ndi, vifle quy boach, phat trig'n cac do thi la
Mac dii Dang, Nha nude va cac co quan ban nganh
yflu clu td't yfl'u, phan anh qua trinh phat trien cua dd ban hanh nhieu van ban, chi thi, nghi quyfl't, xdy
dd't nudc, nhdm thue hien thanh cong muc tieu de'n dung he thfl'ng eac ludt, phap Iflnh nhdm quan ly tot
nam 2020, nude ta coban tro thanh nude eflng nghiep nhlt cae boat dpng vdn hda, trongdd cd boat dpngsang


L',GHlfiN c u u - T R A O DOI
tao, bao quan, phan phfl'i, quang ba, trao doi,tieudiing
cac san phlm van hda. Tuy nhien, nhung bifl'n dpng eua
thuctieneuflc song dimng nhu luon di nhanh va vugt ra
ngoai vbng kiem soat cua cac van ban. Dong thbi, cflng
tae to' chiic, thuc thi cae dieu khoan quy dinh, xu phat
cdc hanh vi xam hai di san van boa, cac hanh dflngphan
vdn hda o noi cong cflng chua ding bp, thifl'u chat che,
thieu ehe' tai va ngubi xuli nfln nhieu dilu khoan quy
dinh khd ap dung vd khd di vdo thuctifln.Cflng tae dao
tao, bfli dubng nghigp vu cho can bfl lam cong tae van
hda chua dugc quan tam dung miic, ddn dfl'n mgt so' can
bfl khi xulitinhhud'ng tbirimg liing tung, ciing nhdc, rap
khufln may mdc, gay ra nhiing phan iing trai chilu trong
duluan.

dung va thuc hien van hda o trong Dang, thue hifln
nghiem viee phg binh va tu phg binh, ra sue hoc tdp va
lam theo tain guong dao diie Ho Chi Mmh. Yi tu tuong,
dao diic, lfl'i sfl'ng la nhung bieu hien van hda eua mpt
eon ngiroi. Dfli vdi ngubi lanh dao, quan ly eIn thue hanh

nghiflm ky cuong, phap ludt, cd Ifl'i sfl'ng trong sang, lanh
manh, td't ca vi lpi ich cua nhdn ddn, boi tain guong ciia
hg cd siic anh huong sdu rpng de'n quin chiing nhdn dan,
tao cho hg niem tin, niem hy vpng. Tuy nhifln, sau 3
nam thuc bien nghi quyg't, nhiing bd't cap trong cong tac
can bp vln chua cd nhilu chuyfl'n bien tieh cue.

Thii hai, qua trinb dfl thi boa va di dan tu do tirnflng
thon ra thanh thi gayra nhiing xao trgn ve van hda, gdp
phin tao ra nhiing biie tranh tuong phan giua hai lfl'i
Danh gia ve nhiing nguyfln nhan din de'n nhung bit sfl'ng cua thi ddn va nflng ddn, ngubi giau - ke ngheo;
cap trong cong tac quan ly vdn hda trong nhiing ndm nhdn thuc, bieu biet ve phap ludt cbn ban chl nfln nhieu
qua, Dang ta thang than ehi ra: "Viflc cu thfl' hda, the van ban, chfl'tai xuly nhunam 2013, Luat Phbng, chfl'ng
ehfl'hda nghi quyet cua Dang cbn chdm, thie'u dong bp va tac hai cua thufl'c la va Nghi dinh 176 ve xu phat vi
trong mpt so' trubng hgp ebn thie'u kha thi. Cflng tac pham banh chmh trong linh vue y t l da cd hiflu luc
quan ly nha nudc vl van hda cham duge doi mdi, ed liic, nhung dubng nhu chua cd trubng hpp nao bi xu phat, vi
cd noi bi xem nhe, tham ebi huflng long... Chua quan thie'u ngiroi giam sat, thuc hien. Mdi ddy, Idnh dao
tdm diing miic eflng tac dao tao, bfl'i dubng nguIn nhdn UBND TP. Ha Noi da dg' xuat "edin" ndi tuc, chui bdy,
luc hoat dpng trong linh vue van hda, nha't la dpi ngii xuly eae hanh vi thig'u van hda tai tnrong hpc va trong
can bfl lanh dao, quan ly cae cd'p"^.
xa hfli. De' xuat nay khoi phat tude' an bp quy tdc iing xu
Trudc nhung difln bifl'n phue tap cua tinh hinh van eho ngubi Ha Npi, dupe xdy dung trong ehinh ehuong
hda 0 do thi, nhieu co quan nghifln cuu, eae hpe gia, trinh "Phat trig'n van boa - xa hpi, nang eao chat lugng
nhd khoa hoe da to' chuc cae hpi thao ban vl phuong nguon nhan lue Thu dfl, xdy dung ngiroi Ha Nfli thanh
hudng, giai phap nhdm kbdc pbuc nhiing bit cap cua lieh, van minh". Nhung do mdi ehi la y tuong tfl't cbn vifle
cflng tae quan ly van hda do thi, nhung nhung kifl'n eu thfl' hoa tbi rat khd thuc bien vi thie'u che' tai xu
nghi ay vln chua dupe thuc thi cd hieu qua. 0 ddy, phat... Trong khi dd, hang ngay, hang gib 6 nhiing noi
chiing tfli xin nflu mpt sfl' trubng hgp tieu bieu trong cflng cpng nhu khufln vign bflnh vifln, trubng hoc, nha
dbi so'ng vdn hda ma bifln nhiing eo chg', chinh sach, hat, bfl'n xe, eflng vifln, nhung hifln tupng phan vdn hda
nhu hiit thufl'c, chui tuc, ndi bay,tieutien vo tpi va vdn

the' chg' ehua phat huy hfl't tac dung.
Thu nhdt,tinhtrang xufl'ng dp cua dao diic, lo'i sfl'ng dign ra thirong xuygn giiia dfl thi. Mpt dilu nbiie nho'i
cua mpt so' can bfl, dang vifln, nan tham nhung, lang nha't 0 dfl thi bien nay la tinh trang hfln loan cua giao
phi, eua quyln, hach dieh... gdy mat nilm tin trong thflng. Mae du cd ehfl tai xuphat, ed Ludt Giao thflng
nhan dan. Trudc tanhti-angcd nguy eo anh huong dg'n su dubng bfl, nhung y thuc cha'p hanh eua ngubi ddn chua
ton vong eua che' dfl. Dang da ban hanh Nghi quye't cao, them vao dd la co so ba tang giao thflng thifl'u dfl'ng
Trung uong 4 khoa XI, ve' "Mdtsd vdn de cdp bdch vi xdy bp, thie'u quy hoaeh, trongkhi dan sfl'dfl thi khong ngung
dung Bdng hiin nay", trong dd nhd'n manh de'n tinh gia tang... khie'n cho van de nay cang trbnfln nhiic nhfli.
trang suy thoai vl dao due each mang eua can bp, dang
Thii ba, van de bao tfl'n di tich lich suvan hda tren
vifln, nhung ngubi ed ehiic, cd quye'n. De'khae pbuc tinb dia ban cae do thi trong thbi gian qua cung da gay ra
tr^ng tba hda, xufl'ng cd'p vl dao diic, cin tap trung xdy nhiing phan iing dii doi tir du ludn. Viec sua chiia,
triing tu, ndng cd'p, cai tao cac khu dich tich lich su
4. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam. Vankien Hoi nghi lin thii chin. cd'p quo'c gia nhuChiia Trdm gian (Ha Npi), hinh anh
Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa XI, LUu hanh ndi bd,
van phdng Trung Ufl'ng Dang, H,2014, tr. 5, 6,

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