Báo cáo "Hai mươi năm quan hệ Pháp – Việt Nam (1975 - 1995) (Phần một) " doc

HAI
MUOI
NAM QUAN
HE
PHAP
-
VIET
NAM
(1975
-
1995)
(Phdn
mdt)
Nguyen Thj Hanh
Ldi Toa
soan:
Viet
Nam vd Phdp la hai quoc gia ndm
cdch
xa
nhau
vi
mat dja
ly
vd
khdc biet
ve
vdn
hod.
Mac du
vgy,

trong
ljch
sir
phdi
trien
cua
minh,
cd hai nudc dd
cd
nhiing
mdi
quan
hi
tir
rdt
sdm.
Mdi quan he do mang
nhieu
tinh
chdt,
dgc diem khdc
nhau
luy vdo
timg
(hdi
ky:
khi
Id
mdi quan he cua ke di
xdm

luge
vd ngudi
bj
xdm
luge,
khi la
quan
he
cua
ke
Ihdng
trj vd ngudi bi
tri,
khi lgi
Id
quan
he binh
ddng,
hgp
Idc
giua hai
qudc
gia dgc lap.
CO chu
quyen
vd cd dnh huang qua lgi lan
nhau
trong
lich
su

ciia
mdi
nudc.
Ngdy
12/4/1973.
Phdp
vd
Viet
Nam
thiit lap
quan
he
ngogi
giao
chinh
thuc
a
cdp
Dai
su.
Ndm
1975.
Viet
Nam
gidnh dgc
lap vd thdng nhdt
hodn
todn.
quan
hi

Viet
Nam
vd
Phdp
cUng
cd diiu kiin
de
phdt
trien.
Mac
dii
vdy.
do dnh hudng
cua
nhieu
yeu to
trong
nudc
cUng
nhu
qudc
te.
nen
quan
he
Viet
Nam
-
Phdp
cimg trai

qua
nhieu
budc
thdng
Irdm
a
mdi
giai
dogn,
mdi
thai
ki
khdc
nhau
va
no
phdn
dnh quan he qudc te
ciing
nhu
cdc vdn
di
lrong
limg thai
ki.
Quan
hi
Viet
Nam-
Phdp

giai
dogn
1975-1995
cd
nhieu
budc
thdng
trdm
vd cd
mite
do
khdc
nhau
tren
nhiiu
ITnh
vuc,
dugc
chia
ra ldm bdn giai dogn
nhd:
1975-1977.
1977-1981,
1981-1989
vd
1989-1995.
Bdy
Id
bdi
viet

ddi.
chung
tdi
chia thdnh
hai
sd,
mdi
bgn
dgc
chit
y
ddn
xem.
truyen thdng giiia
hai
nudc'.
Tiep ngay
sau
1.
Giai doan
1975-1977:
Thdi
ki md
dau tot dep cua moi quan he Phap
-
Vict
Chidn thdng
miia
Xuan 1975
da md ra

mdt trang
sir
mdi
ddi vdi
dan
tdc
Viet Nam
ndi chung
vd
lich
sir
quan
he
Phdp
-
Viet
Nam ndi ridng. Viec Viet Nam gidnh thdng
Igi hoan todn vd thdng nhdt ddt nudc
da
md
ra mdt con dudng
mdi
trong quan
he
ngogi
giao.
Ngay sau khi mien Nam hodn todn giai
phdng,
2/9/1975,
Phdp

dd cir mgt
doan
dai
bieu
do
Bd trudng Bd Gido due dan ddu sang
tham Viet Nam.
Mae
dii
chua
dd cgp den
mdt van dd cu thd ndo trong chinh sdch giiia
hai
nudc,
song chuyen thdm ndy
Id
mgt
tin
hieu dang mimg, ciing
Id tin
hieu
eho
thdy
Viet
Nam vd Phdp cd khd nang hgp tae trong
iTnh
vuc
ffiao due tren
c-a
<ict

rnn
mni nnan Vi5
do,
ngdy
25/11/1975,
phdi dodn
ciia
Bd
Ngoai giao Phap
den
Viet Nam nham thao
ludn, trao
ddi va tim
each gidi quydt nhung
vdn dd vd Phdp kidu, cdc xi nghiep cua Phdp
d mien Nam.
Hai ben
thdo
ludn
va
thdng
nhdt vd cdch gidi quyet nhiing cdng
vide
cdn
thiet, cap bdch trudc mdt nhu didu kien sinh
sdng cua nhiing ngudi Phdp d Vidt Nam, edn
nhiing vdn
dd
khdc
vd

kinh
te
phiic tap
hon
hai bdn thdng nhdt
se
trao
ddi vd
giai quydt
timg budc mdt.
Cdc
cudc tidp
xiic
nay the
hidn
sy
mong mudn
hgp tdc d cd hai
phfa
Viet Nam
vd
Phdp.
Ve
phia minh,
mac du
cudc khdng chidn chdng My
da
hodn
thdnh.
'

B^o
cao
tiip
xuc
ciia
Thii tuong Pham
Van
D6ng
tilp
Bp
truong
Bp
Gido
due
Phdp
Rene Haby,
Ho
sa
Vu Chau
Au
2, Bp
Ngoai giao Vi?t
Nam,
^
I
60
NGHIEN
CCU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°4 (139|.2012

ddt nudc thdng nhdt song
Vigl
Nam cung
phdi ddi mdt vdi rat nhieu
klid
khdn vd thir
thach mdi ndy sinh d cd trong nude vd qu6c
Id.
Tinh hinh dat nude het
sire
khd khdn do
chien tranh, sy giiip dd to Idn cua Trung
Quoc
CO
bdn khdng cdn nira bdi mau thuan
Xd-Trung ngdy cdng trd nen gay
gdi
vd dd
xuat hidn
nhChig
rgn nirt
Idn
trong quan hg
giiia Viet Nam vd Trung Qudc. Bdn cgnh dd,
vigc My ngay lap
tiic
thyc
hi?n
chinh sach
bao vdy, cd lap Viet Nam khidn tinh hinh

cdng trd nen khd khdn hon. Dd bdo
v|
nen
dgc lap cua minh vd phdt trien dat nudc, Viet
Nam mdt mdt tdng cudng
xiic
lien cdc mdi
quan he vdi cdc nudc trong khu vyc, thiet lap
quan he song phucmg vdi timg nudc trong td
chirc ASEAN, mat khdc lim cdch tiep
xiic
vdi cdc nudc phuang Tdy md
eiia
ngo duy
nhdt liic bdy gid
Id
nude Phdp. Do vdy, chinh
sdeh cua Vidt Nam ddi vdi Phdp
Id
thiic day
quan he, coi trgng va mong mudn cd quan he
tdt vdi Phdp. Chfnh sach ndy
phii
hgp vdi
chii
trucmg ddi ngogi
ciia
Phap ddi vdi Ddng
Duong bdi trong ljch sir, Phdp chua bao gid
cd y djnh tir bd quydn lgi

ciia
minh d khu
vyc ndy. Mdt khdc, sy
riil
lui
ciia
My da tgo
ra mgt khodng trdng quyen lyc, khuydn
khich cae cudng qudc quan tdm den khu vye
ndy nhieu ban. Didu ndy vira
Id
co hgi vd lai
vira la thach thuc ddi vdi
vide
Phdp mudn
dua dnh hudng
ciia
minh quay trd lai khu
vuc nay. Ben cgnh dd, Viet Nam lai
Id
nudc
c6 vai trd quan trgng trong khu vuc va cd uy
tin trong nhdm cdc nudc dang phat tridn.
Tdng cudng quan hg vdi Viet Nam giup
Phdp
giii vQ-ng
vd md rgng hon niia anh
hudng ddi vdi khu vyc Ddng Nam A vd ca
the gidi
thii

ba, Vigc Phdp lang cudng quan
hg vdi
Vigt
Nam cd cdc didu
kign
thudn lgi,
bdi ngoai moi quan hg truyen thdng
Idu
ddi
thi dnh hudng
ciia
Phdp ddi vdi xd hdi
Vi?l
Nam cdn
Idn:
mgt the hg lri thirc Viet Nam
duge tiep cgn vd ydu thich nen van hoa Phap,
su dyng thdng thgo tieng Phdp v.v. Tren co
sd dd, cd Phdp vd Viet Nam deu chu trgng
thlic ddy mdi quan he song phuang.
Thang
I
I/I976,
ngay sau khi hoan
ihdnh
su nghidp ihdng nhdt ddt nudc. Viet
Nam da lidn hanh chuyen thdm ehinh thiic
ddu tidn sang Phdp do Bg trudng Ngogi giao
Nguyen Co Thgch dan ddu. Muc dich eua
chuydn thdm ndy la

'tdng
cudng su hgp
tdc
giira Viet Nam vd Phdp md dgc biet
lrong
ITnh
v\tc
hgp tdc kinh
ti.'^
Trong ehuydn di
nay, vdn de ve quydn Igi kinh
Id ciia
Phap d
mien Nam dugc mang ra trao ddi vd nhidu
bien phdp gidi quydt da dgt dugc su thoa
thudn d cd hai phia. Didu ndy ddt nen
mdng cho mdi quan he
ciia
hai nudc d giai
doan sau.
Mdi quan he giiia Viet Nam vd Phap
thue sy ddnh ddu mdt budc phat tridn manh
me sau chuyen thdm chinh thirc
ciia
lanh dao
cao cdp chinh phu Viet Nam tdi Phdp. Tii
ngay 25 ddn ngdy 30/4/1977, nhgn Idi mdi
cua chinh
phii
Phap, Thu tudng Phgm Van

^ Lucmg
Ninh (chu bien), Ljch su Dong
Nam
A,
Nhi
xuSt
ban Giao
dye.
Ha Npi, 2005, tr.476.
Le Monde,
Une
delegation
gouvernementde
vietnamienne en visile en France, le
1 novembre
1976.
(Bdo Le Monde. Chuvin tham
riin ohdi doan
"SCai inu'O'i nam
quan he
61
Ddng da thyc hidn chuyen thdm chfnh thiic
tdi
Phap.
Trong chuyen di ndy, Phdp va
Vigt
Nam dd ky nhieu hidp djnh quan trgng:
''Hiep dinh
hgp tdc kinh te vd cdng nghiep".
'Hiep dinh ve

vdn
hod,
khoa hgc vd
kT
thudr
va dac biet hai ben da ky tdt mdt Nghi djnh
thu Tai
chinh vdi ndi dung
Id
ehinh
phii
Phdp
ddng y giup cho Viet Nam 458
trigu
francs,
trong dd khodn lien tang
Id
78
trigu
francs.
Chuyen thdm nay dugc cd hai bdn ddnh gia
la
md ra
"nhung
su hap tdc mdi
ciia mgi
giai
dogn
mdi"
trong mdi quan he giiia Phdp vdi

Viet
Nam"*.
Phia Viet Nam bdy td mong
mudn
^'sdn
sdng hap tdc vdi Phdp tren mgi
linh vuc md
trudc het
Id
tren
linh
vuc
kinh
le
vd
vdn
hod."'
Cd the thdy rang, budc phdt
trien mdi trong quan he hgp tdc giiia Viet
Nam vd Phdp d thdi ky ndy
Id
mdt ddu hidu
tdt
ddi
vdi Viet Nam vd nd tgo didu kien cho
cd hai ben. Mdt mat, Viet Nam dang mudn
tranh
thii
su ung hd ciia Phdp trong
nliiing

cugc ddm phdn giiia dai didn
ciia
chinh
phii
Viet Nam vd chinh
phii
My vd
vide
gidi
quyet nhirng hau qua sau chidn tranh. Mat
khdc,
Phdp cung mudn trd thdnh trung gian
trong
vide
giai quydt vdn de ndy nham md
rdng dnh hudng d khu vye Ddng Nam A. Do
do,
Paris da trd thdnh noi md cd hai phdi
doan Viet Nam va My gap nhau de bdn bac.
Cudc di tham Phap
ciia Thii
ludng Phgm
Vdn Ddng dugc ddnh gia
Id
mdt hogt ddng
Michel
Strulovici
Nouveaux rapports d'une nouvelle
epoque,
Le Monde, le 30

avril
1977. (Nhirng quan
h$
mai
trong
mgl
thai ky moi, bdo Le Monde, ngdy
30/04/1977).
ngogi giao het
siic
thdnh cdng bdi sau
chuydn di ndy, uy lin
ciia
Viet Nam tren
trudng qude td dugc nang len. Mdi quan he
tdt
dgp
vdi Phap Id nhan td quan trgng tdc
dgng tdi thdi dg
ciia
cdc nude tu ban Au-My:
Anh, Tdy
Diic
td y muon rd ret cdi thien
quan he vdi Viet Nam trong khi My, Nhat
Bdn lgi td ra lo Idng trude tien trien tdt dep
cua moi quan he ndy. Tuy nhidn, ngay sau
dd, nhthig bdt ddng giiia Viet Nam vd Phdp
ve vdn de Campuehia da khidn cho nhirng
hidp dinh dugc ky kdt giiia Phdp vd Viet

Nam khdng dugc thye hien mdt each hieu
qud. Qud trinh binh thudng hod quan he giiia
Viet Nam vdi cdc nudc tu bdn phuang Tdy
ciing bi chiing
lai.
Viet Nam bi cd lap ve
ngoai giao vd didu ndy dnh hudng khdng nhd
tdi quan he
Phdp-Viet.
2.
Giai doan
1977-1981:
Thol
ky tram
lang cua moi quan he
Phap-Vi^t
Tren thyc td, mdi quan he nay vira khdi
ddu tdt dep lgi bj dnh hudng bdi nhiing didn
bidn khdng thuan lgi
ciia
linh hinh qudc
Id
vd
khu vyc. Quan he Viet Nam vdi
Campuehia
vd Trung Qudc ngdy mdt xau di, nhdt Id khi
Viet Nam ngdy cdng trd nen thdn thidt vdi
Lien Xd trong
liic
mdu thuan Xd-Trung ngay

cdng trd nen gay gat. Tir cudi ndm
1977,
tinh
hinh bien gidi Viet Nam -
Campuehia
vd
bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Qudc trd ndn
cdng thing. Xung dot bien gidi nd ra giiia
Viet Nam vdi Campuehia vd Trung Qudc dd
khidn tinh hinh khu vyc trd ndn mdt dn djnh.
Dinh didm
ciia
mdu thuan khu vuc nd ra khi
Viet Nam dua qudn tinh nguydn vao
62
NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°4 (139).2012
Campuehia tieu digt lgp dodn phdn dgng
Khmc Dd, giup nhdn ddn Campuehia thdnh
lap chinh quyen cdch mgng vd sau do quan
dgi Viet Nam
tiep
tuc cd
m^t
d Campuehia
theo thod
ihugn ciia "Hi^p
udc hod

binh,
hiru
nghi vu hgp
tdc'"
ky bdi hai nudc ngdy
18/1/1979. Su cd
mdt
cua qudn dgi Vict Nam
d
Campuehia,
ciing vdi sy ed mdt
ciia
Lien
Xd d Afganixlan dd khidn cac nudc lrong
khu \uc vd cdc nudc Tay Au lo nggi sy md
rgng dnh hudng
ciia
phe xd hgi chu nghTa
trong bdi cdnh cugc Chidn tranh
Lgnh
dang d
giai doan cdng thdng. Cac nudc lrong khu
vyc vd hau het cdc nudc tu bdn
Idn
dn Viet
Nam xdm
luge
Campuehia, doi Vidt Nam
phdi rill quan vd nudc v.v. Viet Nam bj roi
vdo thd bj bao vdy, cd lap vd chfnh trj vd kho

khdn vd cung ve kinh td.
Bdi cdnh do da anh hudng tryc tiep tdi
quan he giiia Phdp vd Viet Nam. Cung nhu
cdc nudc tu ban phuong Tay khdc, Phap len
tidng phdn ddi hanh ddng
ciia
Viet Nam ddi
vdi
Campuehia
vd ydu cdu Viet Nam phdi
riil
qudn ve nudc. Ddng thdi, hang loat cdc hidp
djnh ky kdt trudc dd khdng dugc thyc hidn.
Tuy nhidn, khdng gidng nhu mgt sd nude
khdc trong thdi diem bdy gid la gidm thidu
quan he ngogi giao vd cd lap ve kinh td, Phdp
Id
nudc tu bdn phuong Tay duy nhat van duy
tri quan he vdi Viet Nam bdi Phdp lim thdy d
ddy
nhijng
co hgi khdng the bd Id. Tidp tuc
phdt huy chinh sdch
ciia
Charles De Gaulle
dd tuyen bd ndm
1966
ddi vdi khu vyc Ddng
Nam A: "Phdp mudn Ddng Nam A ludn
Id

mgi
khu vuc hod binh, trung lap, dn dinh,
phdn vinh, khdng cd su can
thi^p
cua nudc
ngodi. mong
mudn
ASEAN bao gdm cd ba
nudc Ddng Duang vd Miin Diin
",
Phap
chii
truong ddng vai trd trung gian, tham gia
vdo
vi$c
giai quyet cdc vdn dd d Ddng Nam
A nhdm quay trd igi dnh hudng cua minh d
Ddng Duong.
Chii
truong dd dugc the hien
trong chuydn cdng du
ciia
Ngoai trudng
Phdp ldi nhidu nudc Ddng Nam A, trong dd
cd Vigt Nam vdo thdng 9/1978. Chuydn dl
nhdm thyc hidn mgt chidn
luge
ngogi giao,
the hign quan diem
ciia

Phdp phdn ddi su
can
thigp ciia
cac cudng qudc vao khu vuc. Quan
didm nay dugc thd hidn rd net trong bdi phat
bieu
ciia
Bg trudng Ngogi giao Phdp De
Guiringaud d Thai Lan.
Ngdy 6/9/1978, Bd trudng Ngogi giao
Phdp De Guiringaud cd chuydn thdm ehinh
thuc tdi Vigt Nam. Chuydn thdm
dien
ra
lrong bdi canh khu vyc het sue phiic tap:
Quan he giira Viet Nam vdi Tnmg Qudc,
Viet Nam vdi Campuehia ngay cdng trd nen
cdng thdng do
vice
Trung Qudc mudn md
rgng dnh hudng d khu vuc Ddng Nam A.
Trong cugc gdp gd nay; Bd trudng Ngoai
giao Nguyen Duy Trinh dd bdy td sy phan
ddi
ciia
Viet Nam ddi vdi viec md rdng anh
hudng d khu vuc
ciia
Trung Qudc, ddng thdi
Dong chf Mai

Van
Bp,
Vy tru-dfng
Vu Chau
Au 2 vk
dong chf
Phjim
Bang
tiSp
cdc dai dien ciia Phdp tir
Il/1970dln6/1978,
H6SO59,
Chau
Au2,
BpNgo?i
Giao.
'
Le Monde, Le minislre vietnamien des
affaires
etrangeres denonce
I'
expansionisme' et
le
'chauvmisme'
de
Pekin\
(A.F.P), le 8
septembre
1978.
(Bdo Le Monde,

BQ
iru&ng
Ngogi giao
Vi^l
Nam
to cdo Bac
Kinh
"banh trudng" vd
"c\fc
doaif\
5i5«/
inu'O'i
uani
quan
fie
63
thS
hien mong mudn xdy dung mgt khu vuc
Ddng Nam A tin edy, ben viing, hod binh vd
trung
Idp.^
Phia Viet Nam mudn nhan dip
nay tranh thu su
iing
hg cua Phdp trong
vide
giai quydt nhirng bdt ddng. Vdn dd
thii
hai
dugc dd cap trong chuydn gap gd nay la viec

xiic
tidn mdi quan he giiia Viet Nam va
Phap,
bdi trong bdi cdnh
phire
tgp bdy gid thi
viec tang cudng dugc mdi quan he vdi Phdp
se Id mgt ydu td thudn lgi cho
Vidt
Nam.
Vd phfa Phdp, Bd trudng Ngogi giao
Phdp iing hg
lap
trudng
ciia
Viet Nam trong
viec xay dung mdt khu vyc Ddng Nam A
hoa binh trung lap vd nhdt Id khdng ed su
can
Ihiep
cua cdc cudng qudc ben ngodi. Bd
trudng cam ket se cd gdng thue ddy hon nua
su hgp tde ddi vdi Viet Nam trong mgi khd
nang cd thd. Phia Phdp thd hien thdi do trung
lap
ddi vdi nhiing bat ddng giira Viet Nam
va
Trung Qudc.
Trong chuydn gap gd Ian ndy, cd hai ben
cung thao ludn thdm nhidu van de nhu : van

de hdi huong Phap kieu, giai quydt nhiing
khuc mdc vd van dd kinh
Id
v.v. Phdp bay td
quan diem ung hd Viet Nam gia nhap Lien
hgp qudc.
Viee Bd trudng Ngogi giao Phdp tdi
tham Viet Nam trong boi canh Viet Nam bi
CO lap
thd hien rd y mudn duy tri mdi quan
he bdn viing
giUa
hai nudc ciing nhu
lap
trudng nhdt qudn cua Phdp lrong chinh sdch
ddi ngoai ddi vdi Viet Nam.
Mac
dil
cd nhiing budc phat trien mdi
trong
ITnh
vyc quan he ngogi giao trong
nhiing ndm dau sau khi thong nhat, song trdn
thyc
Id,
sy hgp tdc ve kinh le chua thye sy ed
hieu qud nhu mong mudn
ciia
cd hai phia.
Mdt trong nhiing khd khan Id su bat ddng

giiia Vigt Nam vd Trung Qudc ngdy cang
tdng dd ngdn cdn sy
xiic
lidn hgp tdc mdt
cdch cd hidu qud. Them vao do,
vide
Viet
Nam ngdy cdng thdt chat hon mdi quan he vd
nhdn ngdy cdng nhieu hon su giiip dd cua
Lien Xd vd khdi cdc nudc XHCN dd khdi
phuc ddt nudc dd
Id
trd nggi ddi vdi mdi
quan he Viet Nam-Phdp trong bdi cdnh thd
gidi didn dang ra cudc Chien tranh Lanh vdi
sy ddi dau
eiia
hai khdi Ddng vd Tdy.
3.
Giai doan 1981-1989:
Thoi
ky hdi
phuc moi quan hd Phap - Vidt
d"
miic
do
nhat dinh
Ddy la giai doan ma quan he Viet Nam
vd Phdp, bdt chdp nhirng khd khan vd trd
ngai cua tinh hinh qudc

Id
vd khu vyc, van
phdt tridn d
miic
do nhdt djnh. Tuy nhien, sy
phdt tridn ndy khdng ddng ddu trdn tdt cd cdc
ITnh
vyc ma "phuc hdi chdm
chgp"
trong
quan he kinh td-chinh trj va phdt tridn tuong
ddi mgnh trong hgp tdc vdn hod, khoa hge -
kT
thudt.
*
Quan
hi kinh ti- chinh tri
Nam
1981,
tinh hinh chinh tri nudc
Phap cd nhiing bidn ddi sau sdc. Cudc khung
hoang kinh td, nhiing khd khan ma nudc
Le Monde, Le minislre vietnamien des affaires
elrnnoofai.
J"
'' •'
'
'
Le Monde, M. de Guiringgaud a Hanoi, le 6
septembre 1978. (Bdo Le Monde, Ngai De

Guirinseaud tdi
tham Ha
Noi,
ngdy 06/09/1978).
64
NGHIEN
CCru
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°4 (139).2012
Phdp phdi doi mdt trong sudt
ihdp
ky 70
ciia
the ky XX dd dua den sy thay doi tren
cUiiih
trudng nudc Phdp vd dieu ndy cd dnh hudng
khdng nhd tdi chfnh sdch
eiia
Phdp doi vdi
cdc nudc dang phdt trien. Ngdy 10/5/1981,
Dang Xd hgi Phap thdng cir vd len ndm
quydn, ndi ede dugc thdnh
lap vdi
sy cd mdt
ciia
nhieu thdnh vien thugc Dang Cgng sdn
Phdp
Id
mdt lin higu dang mirng ddi vdi Vicl
Nam. Ngay sau dd, chinh sdch ngogi giao

eiia
Phdp ddi vdi Vigt Nam c6 sy thay ddi.
Mgt 'bdu khdng khi
mdi'
dugc bdt dau md
bieu hien ddu lien Id hai nghj djnh thu dugc
ky kdt giira Viet Nam va Phap: Nghj djnh thu
vi
Tdi chinh
va Nghi dinh thu
ve Ngoai
giao.
Ngdy 23 thdng 12 ndm
1981,
Viet Nam
vd Phdp ky Nghj dinh thu
ve Tdi
chinh sau 4
ndm ngdt quang (Nghj djnh thu vd Tdi chinh
eudi ciing dugc ky vdo ndm 1977). Phdp cam
ket danh cho Vidt Nam 200 tridu
francs'**
vdi
muc dfch giiip
Vi$t
Nam phdt trien thdng qua
cdc dy dn ndng
nghigp
vd cdng nghigp song
song vdi

vide
tidp tyc hgp tdc lrong
ITnh
vyc
vdn hod va khoa hgc
kl
thuat. Vigc ky Nghj
djnh thy chiing td sy phuc hdi lai mgt budc
Nghj djnh thu c6 tdng gid trj
Id
200
Irifu
franc,
trong do phia Phdp
vi^n
trp cho
Vi?t
Nam 56
tri^u
franc, 64 trieu franc vay
ciia
Ngan kh6 Quoc gia Phap
vdi lai sudt 3% trong v6ng 30
nam
vd 80
tri?u
franc
c6n
l^i
vay

tir
cdc to chiic tu nhan
dir6i
sy bao trp
ciia
COFACE.
(Compagnie
Francaise
d'Assurance
pour le
Commerce
Ext^rieur
- Cong ty bao
hi^m ngo^i
thuang Phap).
Nguon:
Jacques De Barrin,
Kier Nam
-Le
contraintes
economiques
et politiques mainliennent la
cooperation
avec la
France
a vn
niveau
modeste,
Le
Monde,

le
4 ft vrier
1983.
{Nhung
bdt
ddng
vi
vdn
di
kinh te vd
chinh
trj da gdy cdn trd cho mdi quan
h$
Vi4t
Nam-Phdp,
Bdo Le Monde, ngay
4/02/1983).
lrong quan hg hgp tdc kinh le giiia Viet Nam
vd Phdp sau mgt thdi gian dinh trd bdi nhimg
bat dong ve vdn dd
Campuehia.
Myc tidu cua Phap lrong
vide chii
dgng
dc nghj
Wj/
Nghj djnh thu hgp tdc Kinh te len
tdi 200 trigu francs
la
nhdm khdng de cho

Vigt Nam qud phu
thu^c
vdo Lidn Xd va
khoi cdc nudc xa hgi chti nghTa. Tren thuc le,
Phdp cung nhgn ra rdng
vide
cdc nudc
phuong Tdy cd lap Vigt Nam chi cang day
cac nudc Vigt Nam, Lao, Campuehia ve phfa
Lien Xd, didu md trong bdi cdnh cugc Chien
tranh Lgnh dang d giai doan cang thdng thi
ddy chinh la yeu td bdt lgi ddi vdi cdc nudc
phuong Tdy ndi chung va Phap ndi rieng
trong
vide
duy tri va md rgng dnh hudng
6
khu vuc Ddng Nam A. Mdt khdc, Phap mudn
sir dyng
"Id
bdi kinh
ti'*
de tgo siic ep vdi
Vigt Nam trong
vide
gidi quydt van de
Campuehia.
Phia Phdp khdng che ddu quan
diem
ciia

minh, gdn vign trg va hgp tdc kinh
td vdi vigc gidi quyet vdn de
Campuehia:
"StJt
giiip da lo lan vi kinh ti se khdng tiin
trien
khi vdn de
Campuehia
chua duac gidi
quyit.*^"
- Dai sir Phdp tai Viet Nam Yvan
Bastouil bay td quan diem.
Tuy nhien, viec ky kdt Nghi dinh
ihu
Tdi chinh giiia Phdp vd Viet Nam da ngay
lap tlic gdp sy phan ung mgnh me tir
phi'a
Le Monde,
Reprise
de la
cooperation economigue
et
industrielle
entre le Vietnam et la
France,
le 24
d^cembre
1981.
(Bdo Le Monde, Ndi lgi
hgp tac kinh

ti
vd
cong nghiep giua
Vi^t
Nam vd Phdp, ngay
24/12/1981).
Jacques De Barrin, Le
contraintes economiqu^'^t
politiques mainliennent
la
cooperation avec la France
Kfl/
mu'o'i nam quatt
fie
65
nhung ben dang kjch liet phdn ddi hdnh ddng
cua Viet Nam tai
Campuehia.
Nude Cdng
hoa Nhan ddn Trung Hoa ddnh gid hdnh
dong nay
ciia
Phdp
Id
mgt "hdnh dgng
ihiiu
chin
chan", "mdt su linh todn lot" vd "nd chi
mang
lgi cho nudc Phdp mgt thir duy nhdt do

la mdt di dnh hudng d chdu
A."*^
Chinli
quyen
Khome
Dd thi cho rang: "Tdt cd
sit
giiip d&
ddi vdi Hd Ngi deu
Id
hdnh dgng
idn
cong Ddng Nam A." Cdc nudc trong
ASEAN, ngay sau ngdy ky kdt Nghj dinh thu
Phap-Viet, da tidn hdnh mdt cugc hgp
klidn
cap cac Ngoai trudng, bay td su lo
Idng ciia
ho va de nghi Phdp gidi thich ro y dd
ciia
Phap trong hdnh ddng
ndy.'^
Sy phdn ddi
manh me cua cdc nudc trong khu vyc
Id
mdt
trong nhiing nguydn nhdn chinh ddn ldi vide
Nghj djnh thu khdng dugc thyc hidn. Du sao
chang niia, Phdp ciing khdng thd vi vdn dd
nay ma dd dnh hudng tdi quan he

ciia
minh
vdi cac nudc Ddng Nam A vd dae biet la vdi
Tnmg Qudc.
Ben cgnh do, mdt sd nhihig van dd khd
khan khdc cung khidn "Nghi dinh thu Tdi
chinh"
hi tri hoan nhu: vdn de trd ng cua
Viet
Nam,'^
vide
thdo lugn khdng thdnh cdng
P.
Sabatier, France-Vietnam: le
degel
bien
tempere.
La Liberation, le 20
Janvier
1982.
(Bdo La Liberation,
Quan he
Phdp-Vi4l
Nam: lien tai su hod diu, ngdy
20/01/1982).
P.
Sabatier, France-Vietnam: le degel bien
tempere.
La Liberation,
le

20
Janvier
1982.
'*
Nam 1981, phia Viet Nam dd tra cho Phdp
dist?c
500 trieu franc trong
t6ng s6
no. Sau d6
Vi^t
Nam xin
hoan tra
ng
va Chinh phu Phdp chip nhan
k^o
dai
thtxi
M trd npr
cho
Viet
Nam.
!^gu6n:
Le Monde, Vers une meilleure cooperation,
'e
10 avril 1982. (Bao Le Monde, Hudng
t&i
mdt su
hf-
•
'

vd cae
bign
phdp gia ban ng ciia ede thanh
vidn Cdu Igc bg Paris (Club de
Paris)'^
dudng
loi
phdt tridn kinh td theo kidu tap
trung, quan lieu, bao cdp
ciia
phia Vidt
Nam , nhiing bat ddng quan didm giiia
Phdp vd Viet Nam vd vdn dd
"thuydn
nhdn"
{boatpeople),
vdn dd trai cdi tgo
De gidi quyet tinh trgng be tdc do, ngdy
8/4/1982, Bd trudng Ngoai giao Viet Nam
Nguyen Co Thgch dd thye hien ehuydn thdm
ehinh thuc nudc Phap, gap gd vdi Bg trudng
Ngogi giao Phdp. Myc lieu eo ban
ciia
chuydn thdm
Id
nhdm tim ra gidi phdp vd vdn
dd
Campuehia.
Trdn quan diem chung, cd hai ben ddu
mong mudn "ngudi ddn

Campuehia
se dugc
hodn todn tu do, khong chiu su de doa bdi cd
cdc luc lugng bin lrong vd bin
ngodi^^".
Tuy nhidn, de trd ldi cho quan didm
ciia
Phdp yeu cdu Viet Nam nit qudn ngay lap
tlic khdi
Campuehia,
Bd trudng Ngogi giao
Nguyen Co Thach khdng djnh:
''Viet
Nam se
riil qudn ngay sau khi Trung Qudc chdm
ditl
su de dog cua
minh
vd se bdt ddu riil qudn
ngay khi lanh
ihd
Thdi Lan khdng cdn bi sit
dung la cdn cu qudn su de chdng lgi
Campuehia
nira."
'^
Club de Paris
dupe
thdnh lap vdo ndm 1956, Id to
chirc khong chinh

thijc ciia
cac ngdn hdng nhd nuac
cho
nu6c
ngodi vay np, thanh lap
nhJlm
muc
dich tim
kiSm
nhihig gidi phap ben vung cho cac quoc gia vay
na nhung gdp kho khdn trong viec tra np.
TTieo
so
lieu
thfing
ke,
din
thdi
di^m
1983, Viet Nam
dS
np
nuac ngodi tir 2
dSn
3
tri?u
USD. (So voi nhung nudc
dang phdt trien thi so vay np ndy vdn la khiem ton).
Nguon: Le Monde du 28 mars 1983. (Bdo Le Monde
ngay 28/03/1983).

'^
Le Monde, Vers une meilleure cooperation, le 10
avril 1982.
66
NGHIEN
CCru
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°4 (139}.2012
Phfa Vidt Nam cung bay td quan
diem
mong mudn Phdp ddng gdp "vai trd lo lan
ciia niinh
trong
yi('c
gidi
quyii
vdn di
Campuehia
vd mong mudn phdt
Irien
moi
quan
h4
giira
Vict
Nam vd Phdp vi lgi ich
cua cd hai ddn tgc vd vi hod binh cua khu
virc Ddng Xam
A.
"

Vc phia Phdp. Bg trudng Ngoai giao
Phdp khang djnh: "Phdp vdn giu nguyen
quan diem cua minh ve vdn de
Campuehia
do
Id
Phdp khdng cdng nhgn chinh phu
Campuehia hien
tgi dugc thdnh lap do
si/
giiip dd
ciia I 'iet
Nam vd
Viel Nam
phdi rdt
qudn
dgi
ve
nitdc*\
Nhdn dinh ve vai trd
ciia
Phdp trong
quan he ve ehinh trj, Bd trudng Ngoai giao
Nguyen Co Thgch dd khdng djnh: "Phdp
chiem
mdt uu the ndi troi nhdt lrong
quan
hi
giira Viet Nam vdi cdc nudc phuang Tdy
Viet

Nam ddnh gid cao duang ldi nhdt qudn
cua Phdp ve vdn di trung lap a khu vuc
Ddng Nam A vd chinh sdch hgp
idc ciia
Phdp
ddi vdi cdc nudc a
the
giai
thir
ba.
"'"
Mac dil cd nhiing trao ddi ngoai giao
thudng xuydn vd su hoat ddng hdt sue tich
cyc
eiia
nhirng thanh vidn
ciia
Ddng Cgng
sdn Phdp trong Qudc hdi vd Chinh
phii
nhdm
xiic
tidn tang cudng mdi quan hg, song
La
declaration
du
Minislre vietnamien
des
Affaires
etrangeres Nguyen

Co
Thach
dans la visile
officielle
en France du 8 avril
1982,
Le Monde du 10 avril
1982.
(Bdi phdi
bieu cua
BQ
Iru&ng Ngogi
giao
Viet
Nam Nguyen
Ca
Thgch trong chuyen tham chinh
thuc
nuac Phdp ngdy
8/4/1982,
Bao Le Monde, ngdy
10/04/1982).
Jacques De Barrin, Le
contraintes economiques
et
politiques mainliennent
la
cooperation avec la France
a
un niveau

modeste,
Le Monde, le 4 fevrier
1983.
nhirng
bdt
dong lrong khu vuc van khdng
dugc gidi quyet dd khidn sy hgp tdc ve tai
ehinh giiia Vigt Nam vd Phdp - yeu td then
chdt trong qud trinh hgp tdc - khdng dat ket
qua nhu mong mudn. Tuy vdy, vigc phat
tridn quan hg giiia Phap va Viet Nam d thdi
ky ndy mang mgt y nghTa hdt
siic
quan trgng
vd cd the coi
Id ""cira
ma" de giai quydt vdn
dd Campuehia, bdi quan he vdi Phdp
Id
cau
ndi duy nhat cua Vigt Nam vdi the gidi tu
bdn, giiip Vigt Nam timg budc thodt khdi su
cd lap d khu vyc va budc vao ddm phdn de
gidi quydt van dd ndy khi dieu kidn chin
mudi.
Ngdy 27/3/1983, Bg trudng Ngogi giao
Phdp Claude Cheysson, sau khi tham du Hgi
nghi ede Ngoai trudng cua Cdng ddng Kinh
td Chdu Au (EEC) vd cua Hidp hgi cac qudc
gia Ddng Nam A

(ASEAN),
da tdi Ha Ngi.
Van dd trung tdm
ciia
chuyen thdm md Bg
trudng Phap trao ddi cung vdi dong nghiep
eiia
minh, Bg trudng Ngogi giao Viet Nam
Nguyen Co Thgch dd la: sy giiip do vd hgp
lac giua hai nudc tren
ITnh
vyc kinh
id
cung
nhu nhiing vdn de khu vyc cdn phdi giai
quydt.
Tuy nhidn, ciing nhu nhiing cudc dam
phdn trudc dd, van dd kinh td van chi nam
trdn gidy td bdi nhirng bd tdc tir sy bdt ddng
quan didm vd
Campuehia.
Vdn dd trgng tam
ciia
cudc vidng thdm chinh Id ban vd
nhung
gidi phdp cho khu vyc. Ngogi trudng Phap
bdy td quan didm cua minh:
"Nitac Phdp
phdn ddi
vi^c

quay tra lgi cua
PonpSt b
Campuehia cUng
nhu viic Lien hgp
qudc
^ai lut/f^'i
nam quan ftp
67
ch&p
thudn su lien minh cdc luc lugng Irong
S
c6 luc lugng cua PonpSt. Nuac Phdp
cung se khdng dgt quan he chinh
ihitc
vdi
chinh phu thdn Viet Nam cua
Campuehia
hien
nay. Mac
dii
vdy, viic giup dd cho nhdn
dan Campuehia
ve to chitc citu trg nhdn dgo
va luang thuc vdn dugc Phdp lien hdnh
Ihong
qua Lien hgp qudc vd cdc td chitc phi
chinh
phu."
Lien quan ddn viec
riit

qudn dgi Viet
Nam tai Campuehia, quan diem
ciia
Phdp
van khdng djnh: "Viec Viit Nam rut qudn
khoi Campuehia Id
mgt viec ldm cdn
ihiil
vd
khdn
ngoan."'
Ben cgnh nhiing bdt ddng, cd Viet Nam
va Phdp ddu tim thdy mdt didm chung do Id
khdng chip nhdn su quay lai
ciia
Khome Dd
ducri
sy hau thuan
ciia
Trung Qudc nhdm
ndm Igi chinh quydn d
Campuchia.^^
Su
tuong ddng vd y kidn ndy chfnh
Id
mdt yeu
16
rdt quan trgng, mdt co hdi ma cd Viet
Nam vd Phdp ddu cd gdng nam bat dd tim
cho dugc mdt gidi phdp khu vuc.

^^
Le discours du Ministre fran^ais des Affaires
filrangeres en visite au Vietnam du 27 mars 1983, cite
dans Le Monde du 28 mars 1983 par Daniel
Roussel,
Claude Cheysson d Hanoi. (Bai phdt
biSu
cua
Ngo^i
truong Phdp trong
chuydn
thdm Viet Nam ngdy
27/03/1983,
dupe
trich ddng tren bdo Le Monde ngdy
28/03/1983
Uong bai viit
ciia
Daniel Roussel: Claude
Cheysson
tdi Hd Ndi).
"
Le discours du Ministre fran^ais des Affaires
Strangfires
en visite au Vietnam du 27 mars 1983,
cite
dans Le Monde du 28 mars 1983 par Daniel Roussel:
Claude
Cheysson a Hanoi.
"

Noel Darbroz, Paris - Hanoi: Trente ans
apres.
La
Croix le 19
octohrp
1983.
(Paris - Ha Nai: Ba
muai
Bdt ddu tir
1986,
chinh phu Viet Nam cd
sy thay ddi to
Idn
trong dudng ldi phdt tridn
ddt nudc
ciia
minh. Dc phu hgp vdi tinh hinh
mdi
ciia
thd gidi, de tdn tai vd phdt trien,
Vigt Nam tien hdnh cdng cudc ddi mdi ddt
nudc.
Dudng ldi ddi mdi dugc dd ra cu the
trong Dgi hgi Dang
Idn thir
VI (12/1986) vdi
nhiing thay doi co bdn ve chfnh sdch phdt
trien kinh te, vd dudng ldi ddi ngoai v.v. Van
dd
Campuehia

dugc xem xet mgt cdch tfch
cue
vd ehii truong thue day viec binh thudng
hod quan he vdi tat cd eae nudc da md ra
mdt
CO
hgi mdi eho viec Viet Nam hoa nhdp
thd gidi. Sy thay ddi dudng ldi phdt trien
ciia
Viet Nam da nhdn duge su
iing
hg mgnh me
tir phia Phdp, dac biet
Id
tir sau khi Francois
Mitterrand trd thdnh Tdng thdng Phdp ndm
1988."
Bdn cgnh vide tidp tuc giiip dd, vien
trg vd luong thyc, thuc phdm vd thudc men,
Phdp tdng cudng ddng vai trd trung gian, tim
cdc bien phdp cho viec gidi quydt vdn dd
Campuehia,
chudn bi cho viec td chiic Hgi
nghi qudc td vd Campuehia tai Paris. Vdn dd
Campuehia
dan ddn dugc gidi quydt vd viec
cdc nudc Ddng Nam A ngdi lai vdi nhau dd
ddi thogi, bdn bgc tim ra gidi phdp da md ra
mgt giai dogn mdi trong mdi quan he cua cdc
nudc d khu vuc. Ciing vdi

vide
Chien tranh
Lgnh kdt thuc trdn thd gidi, xu hudng ddi
thoai, hgp tac da md ra mdt thdi ky mdi day
thuan lgi cho mdi quan he
Phdp-Viet.
" Tr^n
Vu Phuang, Quan
h4 Phdp-Vi?t
trong nhirng
ndm gan ddy,
T?p
chi NghiSn cuu Chdu Au,
s6