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C++:
The Complete Reference
Third Edition


About the Author…
Herb Schildt is the leading authority on C and
C++ and a best-selling author whose books
have sold more than 1.5 million copies. His
acclaimed C and C++books include Teach
Yourself C, C++ from the Ground Up, Teach
Yourself C++, C++: The Complete Reference,
Borland C++: The Complete Reference, and C++
Programmer's Reference to name a few.


C++:
The Complete Reference
Third Edition
Herbert Schildt

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DOI: 10.1036/0072132930


Index

classes, Standard C++, 94,
626, 679-691, 878-892
in console I/O, 192-194
constant, 33, 94, 125-126
in file I/O, 222-223
limitations of
null-terminated, 679-680
manipulation functions,
94-95
substring subtraction from,
930, 941-942
table, 125
string class, 94, 626, 679-691,
878, 880
and containers, 689-691
dynamic aspect of, 683
member functions, 683-688
operators defined for, 681
<string> header, 680
string.h header file, 720
stringbuf class, 786
stringstream class, 786
stringstream( ), 802-803

strlen( ), 24, 79, 94-95, 727-728
strncat( ), 728
strncmp( ), 728
strncpy( ), 729
Stroustrup, Bjarne, 256, 266
strpbrk( ), 729
strrchr( ), 729
strspn( ), 730
strstr( ), 94-95, 730
strstream class, 616, 620, 622
<strstream> header, 616
strtod( ), 767-768
strtok( ), 730
strtol( ), 768
strtoul( ), 768-769
struct keyword, 162, 163, 295
Structure(s), 162-174
arrays of, 166
arrays and structures within,
173-174
assignments, 165-166
and classes, 293-295
declaration, 162, 164
members, accessing, 165,
171, 173
passing to functions, 166-169
pointers, 169-173
variable, declaring, 163-164

strxfrm( ), 731

swap( ) algorithm, 853
swap_ranges( ) algorithm, 854
switch statement, 67-70
declaring variable within, 81
sync_with_stdio( ), 803
system( ), 769
Systems program, 8-9

T
tan( ), 740
tanh( ), 740
tellg( ), 563, 804
tellp( ), 563, 804
Template function. See Generic
function(s)
template keyword, 462
template< > syntax, 467, 485
Templates, 462-487
advantages to using, 487
definition of, 462
See also Generic class;
Generic function(s)
terminate( ), 491, 505-507
terminate_handler type, 506,
923
Ternary operator (?), 47, 63-66
this pointer, 315, 334-336, 388,
393
Thompson, Ken, 4
throw statement, 491-492,

504-505
throw( ) clause, 502, 504
Time and date functions,
744-751
Time delay loops, 77
time.h header file, 744
time( ), 750-751
_ _TIME_ _ predefined macro,
250
time_t data type, 744
tm structure, 744
TMP_MAX, 717
tmpfile( ), 716-717
tmpnam( ), 717
tolower( ), 731
toupper( ), 731
towctrans( ), 774-775

transform( ) algorithm, 663,
669-670, 672-674, 854
true, 39, 58-59, 266
True and false in C and C++,
39, 58-59
trunc, 789
try statement, 490-495, 503-504
Two's complement, 16
Type checking and C++
pointers, 551
Type conversion
and ambiguity in function

overloading, 380-382
in assignment, 35-36
in expressions, 53-54
using unions for
nonstandard, 178-180
Type promotion, 53
typedef statement, 162, 184-185
typeid, 34-596, 922-923
using dynamic_cast to
replace, 584-586
type_info class, 570, 927
<typeinfo> header, 570, 927
typename keyword, 462,
486-487
Types. See Data types

U
ULONG_MAX, 769
unary_function class, 674,
869-870
unary_negate class, 871, 872
uncaught_exception( ), 507
#undef directive, 246-247
underflow_error exception, 924
unexpected( ), 502, 503, 505-506,
922
unexpected_handler type, 506,
923
ungetc( ), 717
union keyword, 177

Unions, 162, 176-180, 184
anonymous, 180, 297
and classes, 295-297
for nonstandard type
conversions, 178-180
unique( ) algorithm, 854-855

1007


1008

C++: The Complete Reference

unique_copy( ) algorithm,
854-855
unitbuf format flag, 516
Unix, 4
UnPred type, 628, 808
unsetf( ), 517-518, 804
unsigned modifier, 14-16
upper_bound( ) algorithm, 855
uppercase format flag, 516
using statement, 261, 270, 436,
439, 598-600
<utility> header, 628, 927

V
va_arg( ), 769-770
va_end( ), 769-770

va_list type, 718, 770
va_start( ), 769-770
valarray class, 898-916
member functions, table of,
899-903
nonmember operator
functions defined for,
table of, 904-909
transcendental functions
defined for, table of,
910-911
<valarray> header, 898
Variables, 17-23
access modifiers for, 23-25
automatic, 17
declaration vs. definition of,
25-26
declaring, 17, 81-82
as formal parameters, 21
initializing, 31
member. See Member
variables
placement in memory, 133
pointer, 47-49, 115

reference. See Reference(s)
storage class specifiers for,
25-31
structure, 163-164
Variables, global, 6, 21-23

declarations, difference
between C and C++, 624
and encapsulation, 315
extern used with, 25-27
static, 28-29, 600-601
Variables, local, 6, 17-20, 21, 22
declarations, differences
between C and C++,
19-20, 264-265, 623
initializing, 20
static used with, 20, 27-28,
29, 139
vector container, 626, 629, 630,
631-641, 809, 830-833
member functions, table of,
633, 831-833
<vector> header, 629, 809
vfprintf( ), 718
Virtual functions, 446-460
and class libraries, 460
hierarchical nature of,
452-455
and inheritance of virtual
attribute, 450-452
and late binding, 460
overloading versus
overriding and, 448-449
pure, 455-457
using, 457-460
virtual keyword, 442, 446, 447

Visual C++ compiler, 191
void data type, 14, 15, 153, 261,
623
volatile access modifier, 24-25,
611
vprintf( ), 718
vsprintf( ), 718

W
wchar.h header file, 772
WCHAR_MAX, 772
WCHAR_MIN, 772
wchar_t data type, 14, 32, 515,
772
wcstombs( ), 770
wctomb( ), 770
wctrans( ), 774-775
wctrans_t type, 772
wctype.h header file, 772
wctype( ), 772-774
wctype_t type, 772
WEOF macro, 772
werr, 515
what( ), 790, 922
while loop, 6, 77-79
declaring variable within, 81
Wide character(s), 513, 515, 547
functions, 772-780
I/O classes, 514, 785-786
width( ), 522, 523-524, 804-805

win, 515
wint_t type, 772
wlog, 515
wout, 515
write( ), 550-553, 623, 805
wstreampos type, 789
wstring class, 679, 858, 860

X
XOR
bitwise operator (^), 42, 43,
44
logical operation, 41