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BEGINNING XML
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxvii

PART I

INTRODUCING XML

CHAPTER 1

What Is XML?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

CHAPTER 2

Well-Formed XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

CHAPTER 3

XML Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

PART II

VALIDATION

CHAPTER 4

Document Type Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

CHAPTER 5

XML Schemas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

CHAPTER 6

RELAX NG and Schematron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

PART III

PROCESSING

CHAPTER 7

Extracting Data from XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

CHAPTER 8

XSLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

PART IV DATABASES
CHAPTER 9

XQuery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

CHAPTER 10

XML and Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

PART V

PROGRAMMING

CHAPTER 11

Event-Driven Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

CHAPTER 12

LINQ to XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

PART VI COMMUNICATION

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CHAPTER 13

RSS, Atom, and Content Syndication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

CHAPTER 14

Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

CHAPTER 15

SOAP and WSDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

CHAPTER 16

AJAX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

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PART VII DISPLAY
CHAPTER 17

XHTML and HTML 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

CHAPTER 18

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

PART VIII CASE STUDY
CHAPTER 19

Case Study: XML in Publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727

APPENDIX A Answers to Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749
APPENDIX B

XPath Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

APPENDIX C XML Schema Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811

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BEGINNING

XML

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Summary

❘ 399

SUMMARY
In this chapter you’ve learned about the following:
➤

Much of today’s data comes in the form of tabular data and XML combined.

➤

You need a dedicated storage type for XML rather than just use a text field. You also need
methods to extract specific values and fragments of XML as well as methods to create new
XML formats combining the relational and XML data. You will probably want the facility
to update XML documents although this is not always a necessity.

➤

A relational database handles both tabular data and XML documents, whereas a native
XML database is designed to cope solely with XML documents.

➤

High-end systems such as Oracle and SQL Server XML have their own data type and there
are suitable methods available on these types for retrieval and manipulation of the XML.

➤

The features available in a native XML database include the ability to store large document
collections as well as the ability to efficiently query across these documents.

EXERCISES
You can fi nd suggested answers to these questions in Appendix A.

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1.

List the main reasons to choose a relational database with XML features over a native XML
database.

2.

What five methods are available against an XML data type? (No peeking!)

3.

MySQL has only two XML-related functions. If you could ask for one more feature or function,
what would it be?

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400

❘

CHAPTER 10

XML AND DATABASES

WHAT YOU LEARNED IN THIS CHAPTER

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TOPIC

KEY POINTS

Storage needs

There is a big difference between relational data, data in a tabular format, and XML data. Therefore, special mechanisms are needed to store
XML within relational systems.

Essential features in
databases.

XML needs to be stored in a native format, rather than as text. There
must also be ways to query it for specific values and a way to return fragments of XML. Ideally there should also be a way to treat XML as tabular
data if possible.

Choosing an
application

Most commercial relational databases have fairly advanced XML features, particularly Oracle and SQL Server. Native XML databases are
designed to cope with the situation in which all data is held as XML.

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