21885 72952 1 pb 3935

GlAO DUG PHAP LUAT
CHO HOC SINH, SINH VIEN
TRONG N H A TRUCING HIEN NAY
TS, Nguyin KhSc Htjng

T6M TAT

Giio due phap ludt cho hpc sinh. sinh vien Id mil Irong nhitng ndi dung cdy
nghia ltd quan trpng trong loin hd chuang trtnh giio due. Ddy Id mdt vdn di mangy
nglua khoa hpc, gdn hen vdi chiiii lupc con ngitdi cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta. Do vdy,
giio due phdp luit cho hoc sinh, sinh vien trtnig ede trudng phd thing, dqi hpc, eao
thing va Irung hpe chuyen nghiip thing qua vice dtta nil dung vao chuang trinh giio
due nhi trUdng cdn phdi dupc nghien cim mil each hi thdng, tht'tng qua nhiing phua
phip khoa hpc de trii'n khai gido due ed hit'ui qiid, edn phdi neii hinh ddng bp qui
trinh giio due ndy vdi sir kei hop giira giio due cita gia dinh vd xd hdt
Tir khoa: Phip luit; giao due phip hiil; hiin tirrmg, ky ndng.
Ngiy nhin bai: 8/6/2012; Ngiy duyit ding bdi: 25/6/2012
1. D$t van de
Phip luat la mpt hien tuong xa hOi i.ii gan gui va rat cin thiit voi cuOe
sdng cua mdi eon ngudi. Xa hOi cang hien dai thi yeu cau vi hiiu biit vi thuc
hien phip luit cua con ngudi cing cao bdi phip luat kh6ng chi li phucmg tien di
Nha nudc quan ly cd hieu qui cac mit diti song xa hpi ma cdn la phuong lien
thuc hien, bao ve quyen vi loi fch hpp phip cua nun c6ng din. Ddi vdi cic cOng
dan trc tudi, hiiu biet vi phap luat. sdng \'a Iam \icc theo phap luit la le duong
nhien va li yCu ciu cip bich cua ddi sdng xa hOi ddi vdi chit lupng nhin each.
Giao due phap luit eho hpe sinh, sinh vien li m6t trong nhflng nOi dung
ed y nghia ri't quan trpng trong toan bO chuong trinh giao due. Cing vdi nhitag
kie'n thuc vi van hda, nhung kiin thic phap luit ma cic em ITnh h6i dupc trong
qui trinh hoc lip d nha trudng se la mOl trong nhflng diiu kien co ban di dam
bao cho su phat triin loan dien vi nhin cich thi he cong din tucmg lai cua dit
nude. Cung vdi viec tuyen truyin giao due phap luat, chuang Irinh giio due

44

TAP CHiTAM L? HOC, Sd 7 (160), 7 - 2012


phip luit trong nhi trudng cung dupc ddi mdi vi ndi dung, chupng trinh, hinh
thic va phuang phip, gdp phin tao ra chi'l lupng giip due nhin cich ccn ngudi.
Tuy nhien, trpng mdt thdi gian khi dii, cdng tic tuySn truyin phap luat trong
nhin din ndi chung vi giao due phip luit cho hpe sinh trong nhi trudng ndi
rieng chua thit su dupc chi trpng ding mic.
Giic due phap luat cho hpe sinh, sinh vien trpng eic Iruitng li qui trinh
hinh thanh thdi quen, hanh vi tuin thi phip luit. Day li mdt vin di mang y
nghia khoa hpc, gin liin vdi chieii lupc con ngudi cia Dang vi Nhi nude ta. Do
vay, giao due phip luit cho hpc sinh, sinh vien Irong cie trucmg phd thdng, dai
hpc, cao ding vi trung hpe chuyen nghiep cin phai dupc nghien ciu mdt each
he thd'ng, thdng qua nhung phupng phap khpa hpc di triin khai giio due cd hieu
qui. Di giio due phap luat trong cac nhi trudng dat hieu qua eao, cin phii tiin
hanh ddng bd qui trinh giio due nay vdi sir kit hpp gifla giio due cia gia dinh
va \a hdi.
Luc luong thanh men, hpc sinh, sinh vien rit ddng dio, luc lupng nay cd
vai trd quan trpng trong su nghiep cong nghiCp hda - hiSn dai hoi da't nudc. Ben
canh viee trang bi cho hpc sinh, sinh vien ngay l i khi cdn ngdi d ghe nhi trudng
- nhiing ngudi chi tuong lai cia dat nudc - nhflng In thic ein thiet tren cac ITnh
vuc boat dpng thi viec cham lo giao due phip lual cho hp phii dupe dat ra mpt
each nghiem tic. Dac biet la mdt bd phan thanh thie'u nien, hpe sinh ed Id'i sd'ng
thie'u lanh manh, tinh trang vi pham phap luat cd chieu hudng tang len. Nhung
kit qui nghien ciu d pham vi khao sit tai thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, Ha Npi va
cac tinh thinh trpng ci nudc nhirng nam gin day da eho thay su hieu biet phip
luat eua thanh thieu nien edn nhiiu han chi.

Nha trudng Viet Nam ed nhiem vu hinh thanh d hoc sinh, sinh vien y
thic tu giac, xu su theo nhflng chuan muc xa hdi nhit dinh, trong dd cd chuan
muc phap luat. Kien thic vi phap luat li mdt bd phin khdng thi thieu duoc cua
hpc vin phd thdng. 'f thic trach nhiem cung nhu hanh vi sd'ng vi lam viec theo
hie'n phip va phap luit phii trd thinh Id'i sd'ng van minh cua con ngudi trong
xa hdi hien dai. Do dd, di td chic tdt giao due phip luat cho hpc sinh, sinh vien
d cac nha trucmg hien nay lai li mpt nhiem vu cang khd khan va phic tap.
He thdng cic tieu chf de trien khai thuc hien cong tie giao due phap lual
xua't phat ehi ye'u t i thue trang xa hdi, t i viec nhan thic phap luat ddi vdi hpc
sinh, sinh vien tren eP sd can c i vao nhung vin de quy dinii ehung cia phip luat,
nhung van ban chi dao cua Dang va Nhi nudc ve hinh thuc, phuong phap giao
due phip luat. Cdng tic giao due phip luat khdng don thuan chi la giao due
phap luat thdng qua bp mdn phap luat ddi vdi hpc sinh, sinh vien trong co ca'u
mdn hoe, hpe trinb, hpe phan ma cdn dupc giio due qua cic hinh thie khac, cic
hoat ddng ngoii gid len Idp dupe ci'u true trong chuong trinh chinh thdng, dupe
dua vao ndi dung hpc vin eua giao due nha trudng vdi su tham gia khong nhung

TAP CHl TAM Lf HOC, Sd 7 (160), 7 - 2012

4.')


chi cua giio vien m i ci cic luc lupng cua toin xS hdi nhim gdp phin vio cdng
tic giio due phip luit ndi chung.
GiSa ly luin vi thuc tiin giio due vSn cdn khoing cich vi miu thuin,
mic di cdng tic giio due phip luit trong cic nhi,trudng vi trong hi thdng giio
due da cd dupc nhttng ki't qui nhft djnh. Tuy nhien, vin cdn nhflng khd khin co
bin nhu: Ndi dung chuang trinh phip luit trong nhi trudng vin cdn nhiiu bft
cip, thdng tin mdi chua cip nhit, hpc sinh chua dupc tie'p cin vdi nhflng quy
djnh mdi cia phip luit (da dupc sia ddi, bd .sung); sir han chi cua nhung md

hinh td chi'rc giio due phip luft (tren ldp vi ngoii gid ldn Idp) d cic trudng dai
hpc, cao dang, trung hpc chuyen nghiip vi cic trudng phd thdng vdi nhttng yiu
kim vi chit lupng giio vien. T i dd, da inh hudng xiu din chit lupng cdng tie
giao due phip luft cho hoc sinh, sinh vien.
2. Mdt sd viin de cin (|iinn tAm vi gido due ph^p luAt cho hoc sinh,
sinh vien
Tiep can theo quan diim he thd'ng, vin di ning cao chit lucmg giao due
phap luat cho hpc sinh, sinh vien khdng phai la nhiem vu riCng biet cua nginh
giio due. Tuy nhien, nginh giao due cin xic dinh rd chuc nang va nhiem vu, co
chi ben irong vi ben ngoii vdi vai trd chu dao cua mpi boat ddng (giio due vi
day hpc) vi ehi dap trpng nhiem vu djnh hudng mdi irudng xa hdi, kit hpp vdi
cic luc lupng khic nhim giip due phip luft cho the he tre cd hieu qua. Trong
diiu kien nio thi he thdng giio due. trong dd li cic dinh hudng, bien phip su
pham vin gifl vai trd then chdt.
Xuit phat t i dac diim ddi tupng, die diim cua cdng lac giio due phip
luat d ving phat tnen. can c i diiu kiin giao due, cic bic hpc \a dac diim tSm ly
hpc sinh, sinh vien cin hoan thien quy trinh giio due phip luft cho thi he thanh
men bit dau t i thii dd - xic cim - gui tri ddi vdi cic vSn di phip luat di giy
dung niim tin, thii dd tich cue, liin dc quan trpng di lao lip hinh vi bin vung.
Viec hinh Ihanh \ an hda phip luat cho thi he tre phai duoc xac dinh la
nhu ciu til yiu cia ci nhin, la dieu kien bat budc cua xa hdi ddi vdi ca thi khi
eon ngudi gia nhip vio ehinh Ihi xa hdi. Theo dii. gi.io due phip luat la mdt
pham tru rdng ldn. la nhiem vu cua toin x.i hdi. gia dinh va nhi trudng, trong dd
vai trd dinh hudng din dil bdi cie ndi dung vi hinh thic giio due trong nha
trucmg cd lim quan trpng dae biet.
Giao due phap luit cho thi he Ire cin phai dupe quan tam dac biet va la
nhiem vu trpng yiu cua tpin xa hdi. Ndi dung giio due phap luat phai trd thinh
ndi dung hoe vin quan trpng cua giao due nha trudng trong xa hCii hien dai. Chit
lupng giao due phap luit cho hoc sinh, sinh viCn se gdp phin khing dinh mic
dp chic chin cua ch.il lupng nhin each - sin phim cia giao due. Pham ehft va

nang lue cua ngudi duoc giio due se khdng dam bao dupc hieu qui va mic dd

TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, Sd 7 (160), 7 - 2012


tin ciy trudc ddi hdi khit khe cia thi trudng nhin luc niu con ngudi khdng cd
nang luc am hiiu phip luat vi khdng thuc thi td't pliip luft. Trong xa hdi hien
nay, ehft lupng ngudn nhan luc cua mdt qud'c gia phu thude vip su chuin bi
toin dien cua nha trudng vi cic mat dao die, nhin each, trf tue, sic khoe, trong
dd cd ndi dung giao due phip luft.
Mic do hiiu biit, thii dd vi hinh vi chi'p hanh td't phap luft la mdt trong
nhung yiu td co ban cia hpc sinh, sinh vien. Ci'u true eua nang lue chip hanh
td't phap luit gdm: hiiu biit vi phip luft vi giao due phap luat trong he thdng
cac hoat ddng xa hdi; thii dd cia con ngudi ddi vdi cac vin di phap luit va hinh
vi vi pham phap luit; hinh vi va thdi quen thuc hien tdt cic quy djnh cia phip
luft. Su phat triin cua cic mic dd nay phu thudc chu yiu vao ndi dung va
phuong phip giip due nhi trudng, trong dd vai trd tu giao due cia ea nhan li
quyit dinh.
Nguyen nhin eo ban din din nhung hanh vi vi pham phap luat eua thanh
nien va hpe sinh, sinh vien nhttng nam gin day phin ldn li do thie'u hiiu biit
kiin thie phap luft t i trong nhi trudng. Phuang phap giao due phap luat trong
nhi trudng cdn cing nhic va giio diiu, xa rdi cudc sd'ng trong khi mdi trudng
xa hpi vdi nhung anh hudng xa'u da tie ddng manh hon so vdi tie dpng giio due
nhi trudng dd'i vdi hpe sinh. Hanh vi chap phap tfch cue hay khdng tfch cue cia
nhing ngudi tre tudi khdng phu thupc hoan toin vao mic dp hiiu biit cao hay
tha'p ve kie'n thie phap luat eung nhu hoc van chung ma cdn phu thudc chi ye'u
vao cic ye'u td mdi trudng thuc thi phap luit.
He thdng cie bien phap giio due phap luat eho hpc sinh, sinh vien can
tap trung vao cac van di: i) Thay dot tu duy ve giao due phap luat theo hudng
mdi, trong dd gin chat giao due phap luat vdi giao due dao die, giao due tri tue

trong qui trinh giao due nhan each, ii) Gdn gido due phdp ludt trong vd bdng
gido due vdn hod (dd la thdng qua mdn hpe, thdng qua eae hoat ddng giao due,
ddi mdi phucmg phap, coi trong dao tao va bdi dudng giao vien); iii) Gidi quyet
vdn di gido due phdp ludt cho hpc sinh, sinh vien mpt cdch ddng bp, trong md
hinh td chic va quan ly vdi sir phdi hpp chat che giua dia phuong vdi nha trudng,
gitta nha trudng vdi gia dinh, giua gia dinh vdi dia phuang, giua thue tiin giao
due vdi ehinh sich giao due. De triin khai eae bien phip giao due phap lual cd
hieu qua eho hpc sinh trong nha trucfng, cin cd cac dieu kiin co bin sau day:
Cic giao vien phai thd'ng nha't quan diem chung vi giao due phap luat
khdng phai chi la nhiem vu chuyen biet cia giao vien bd mdn giao due cdng dan
ma la nhiem vu eua cac luc lupng giao due.
Tfnh ke hoach va kha nang hoach dinh cac chien lupc giao due cap
trudng cd tam quan trpng dae biet trong viec trien khai cac ke hoach giao due.
Ddng thdi, kha nang phdi hpp giua nha trudng vdi eic thanh phin xa hpi khac se

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 7 (160), 7-2012


tao diiu kien thuin lpi di triin khai cdng tic giio due phip luit cd hieu qui.
Nhiim vu cua cic lire lupng giio diic mi trong dd, nhin td cO bin li luc
lupng giio vien td chic thuc hiin giio due thdng qua cic mdn khoa hpc, thdng
qua cic hoat ddng giio due nhim hinh thinh ning lire vi phim ehft nhin cich
hpc sinh. Djnh hudng co bin li giio due phip luit cho thi he tri phii dim bao
nguyen tic vdng trdn ddng tim, ngiy cing md rdng pham vi vi dd'i tuong, phdi
hpp chit che gitta cic luc lupng giio due vi tin dung triet di moi pham vi mdi
trudng di giao due hpc sinh.
Di giip due phip luft cd hidu qui cho hpc sinh bic phd thdng cung nhu
6 cac bic hpc khic, chie'n lupc giii quyit vin di niy li xiy dung, phit triin
chuong trinh giio due phd ihdng theo hudng mdi: kiin tao cic mdn hpc thinh
cdc linh vifc gido dtic nen tdng di thdng qua dd, ngudi giio vien chi ddng vi

sing tao phat triin chuong Irinh giao due nhim dat dupc cac muc tieu giio due.
Chicii lupc niy se gdp phin giai quyit cic nhidm vu giio due nin tang cho hpc
sinh vi cic mat dao die, tri tue, phip luft, mdi trudng, ky nang sdng cung nhu
eic ITnh vuc quan Irpng khic.
Giao due phap luft cho hpc sinh, sinh vidn d Ihinh phd, dd thi phit triin
can tinh din cdc yen td dtic trung, dd la' kha nang nhan thic cua hpc sinh vi cic
vin di xa hdi rai nhanh; kinh nghiim sd'ng cia hpc sinh phpng phi; kha ning
tiip nhan thdng tin mdi ri't tdi. mdi trucmg xa hCii thuan Ipi nhung phic tap; eae
tie ddng trong nudc vii ngoai nude din vdi hpc sinh t i nhiiu chiiu, vi nhihig inh
hudng nay den vdi hpe sinh rai ddn ddp, da chieu vd phitc tqp. Do \'ay, cie ndi
dung vi phupng phip guio due phip luft o mdi Irudng niy cin coi Irong >eu to
danh gia nang lire ban diu cia ddi tuong vi danh gia hieu qui cua cdng tic giio
due phap luat d ndng luc hoqt ddng thuc tiin cua hp sau khi tdt nghiep.
Giao due phap luat cho Ihi he Ire d nudc ta trong dieu kiSn phat triin
kinh te thi trudng. Irong bdi canh giao luu va hdi nhip qudc Ic. cin hudng din
mdt muc dich ldn lao hem, dd li: hinh thanh mdt nin vdn hod phdp luqt cho Ihi
he tre, dat nin ling cho cdng cudc chuin bi ngudn nhin lire tiip ing cho sU phit
triin bin vttng cua di't nudc. Trien khai giio due phip luft din dd'i tupng hpe
sinh, sinh viCn cing sdm cang tdt va phai bit ddu t i nhflng hanh vi cu thi trong
cupc sd'ng cia chinh cie em Do dd, ndi dung chuong trinh giio due cin phai
dupc bd sung eu the cac niu dung mdi \'a phuang phap giao due phi hpp vdi
ting lia ludi. Nhin thic vii luinh v'\ chip hinh phap luft cia hpc smh nude ta
cdn rat yiu kem, mdt trong nhflng nguyen nhin sau xa la l i phia ngudi ldn nhflng ta'm guong cho hpe sinh ve mpi mat. Do dd, dc ning eao hieu qui Na tang
cudng uy lire cua he thdng phap luft, ciin x i Iy nghiem minh cie biiu hien hanh
vi vi pham phip luit vi xiy dung mdi trudng giao due trong sing, thin thien.
Ben canh nhflng vin di da ndu Iren day thi ein khin truong xiy dung vi ban
hanh ndi dung - chuang trinh giio due phap luft d li't ea cac bac hpc, cap hpc ttt

48

TAP CHi TAM Lt HOC, Sd 7 (160), 7 - 2012


mim non de'n sau dai hpc vdi ndi dung toin dien vi phuong phip giio due hien
dai. Ddng thdi, cii tiin manh me hon ndi dung vi chuang Irinh mdn hoc giao
due cdng dan hien nay nhim khic phuc hien tupng: phin Idn hpc sinh cd kit
qui mdn hpc niy dat yeu ciu trd len, nliimg khi bude ra khdi ldp hpe lai vi pham
phap luft khi nhiiu (vf du nhu vi pham luft giao thdng dudng bd, dinh nhau,!.).
Ddi mdi ndi dung - chuong trinh mdn hpc hoqt ddng gido due ngodi gid
len Idp theo hudng bd sung, hoin thien cic ndi dung giio due phip luit cin thiit
vao eic chu di boat ddng thing, Ihay thi cic chu di qua triu tupng, khdng thiit
thuc ddi vdi hpc sinh nhil la hpc sinh trung hpe phd thdng, ddi tupng di vi pham
phip luft nhft Irpng cac dd'i tupng d eic cip hpc khae. Ddng Ihdi, cic van ban
phip luat cd tfnh chit phd dung vdi mpi ngudi dan cin dupe xay dung ehi liit va
cing It eae van bin dudi luat cing Id't nhim tao diiu kien td't hon cho cdng tic
giio due phap luft, phd biin va thue thi phap luiit. Ddi tupng tham gia xay dung
cic van ban luat cin hdi tu diy du yeu ciu vi ndng life chuyin gia: cd kiin thic
vi phip luft, cd trinh dd tham khao cac van ban luat nudc ngoai vi am hiiu thuc
tiin cac Unh vuc hen quan. Nha nude dinh hudng ddi vdi tit ca cac Unh vuc, dae
biet li ITnh vuc thdng tin - truyin Ihdng cung vdi nganh giio due phii chung
liing ndi trong giio due. Khdng phd biin. luyen truyin (dudi dang bao chf,
phim anh, am nhac, ml thuat...) nhirng NCU id phan giao due, phin van hoi vi
kfch ddng Id'i sd'ng tuy ticn trong hudng thu, Id'i sd'ng eoi thudng phap luat.
"Thdng bio rdng rai vi ed di'u a'n din thi he tri vi eic vu viec vi pham phip luat
di nha truiifng s i dung chinh thic cac thdng tin dd dua vao giang day di tang
tfnh thue tiin.
Ky nang sdng giip biin kiin thic thinh nhiing hinh ddng cu thi, nhttng
thdi quen lanh manh. Nhiing ngudi cd ky nang sd'ng la nhimg ngudi biit lim eho
minh vi ngudi khac cing hanh phuc. Hp thudng thinh cdng hon trong cupc
sdng, ludn yeu ddi vi lam chu eude sd'ng cua chfnh hp. Ky nang sd'ng gdp phan

thic day su phit triin ci nhan va xa hpi. Cac ca nhan thiiu ky nang sdng la mdt
nguyen nhan lam nay sinh nhiiu vin di xa hdi. Ngudi ed ky nang sd'ng se thue
hien nhung hanh vi mang tinh xa hdi Ii'eh cue, se giim bdt cac te nan xa hdi, gdp
phin xay dung cic md'i quan he xa hpi td'l dep, lanh manh.
Hoat dpng giio due ngoii gid len Idp la mdt bd phan eua qua Irinh giio
due loan dien Irong nha Irudng va cin dua vao chuong trinh giao due, la mot eon
dudng quan trpng trong hinh Ihinh, phat Iriin nhan each hpe sinh, sinh vien gdp
phin nang cap cha't lupng giio due loan dien. Hoat ddng giao due ngoai gid len
ldp cd uu thi vupt trdi so vdi hoat dpng giao due khac trong viec gin kit nha
trudng vdi cudc sdng xa hpi, hudng eho hpc sinh tao lap nang lire thfch ing cao,
biin qua trinh giao due thinh tu giio due, phat huy tinh tfch cue ehi dpng sang
tao cao, hinh thinh ky nang sd'ng va la hinh trang thiet yiu di budc vao cudc
sdng da dang vi ludn biin ddi. Hoat ddng giao due ngoai gid len ldp cing cd vai

TAP CHITAM LV HOC, Sd 7 (160), 7 - 2012

49


trd die biet quan trpng trong viSc ddi mdi giio due, dio tap nen nhihig con
ngudi dip ing vdi yeu ciu cua nin kinh t i tri thilc. Giio due ky ning sd'ng vi
boat ddng giio due ngoii gid ISn ldp bj chi phdi bdi nhiiu yiu td chu quan vi
khich quan, niu cd dupc cic bien phip td chic hpp IJ, khic phuc duoc nhthig
yiu Id bft cip, phit huy cic yiu td tieu cue thi hoat ddng dat kit qua cao.
Giio due ky ning sd'ng ngoii gid len ldp cflng li n<5i dung hit sic quan
Irpng vi nd phii dupe xiy dung vio chuang Irinh vi ndi dung, each thic hpc tip,
thdi lupng vi dua vio tft ci cac cip hpc. Di boat ddng giio dlic ky ning sd'ng
cho hpc sinh, sinh vidn thdng qua heat ddng giio due ngoii gid len Idp cd hieu
qui, gdp phin ning cao ehft lupng giip due dip ing yeu ciu xa hdi: Cic trudng
su pham nCn cd hinh thic dio tao giio vien dip ing vdi yeu ciu giio due ky

nang sd'ng. Nhi nudc phai tuydn truyin di xa hdi xda bd tam IJ ning ni vi kit
qua Ihi ci; ngin sich giao due cin diu lu Ihi'ch ding cho hoat ddng niy; h5 trp
cie trudng din lap mdt phin kinh phf di cic Irudmg cd diiu kidn id chiic Id't cic
hoal ddng giio due ngoai gid len ldp, gdp phin ning cao ehft lupng giao due.
Ddng Ihdi, Bd Giio due vi Dio tao ndn cai tiin hinh thie Ihi cu, danh gii, cich
thic tuyin dung de xa hdi phai chuyin ddi each hpc, dap ing vdi muc lieu
xa hdi.

Tai lieu tham khao
1. Pham Hdng Quang, Mtii trudng giio due. NXB Giio Due, 2008.
2. Nguyftn Khic Hung, Phirong phip giao due phdp luqt va Clio due K ndng sdng
trong liudng hpe, NXB Dai hpc Thai Nguyftn, 2011.

3 Ha Nhat Thang, Npi dung vi gidi phip td chitc gido due cdng ddng nhdm ngan cliin
vi hqn chili nqn xdhdi ddi tin, Viftn Khoa hpc giio due. Ha \6i, 1998.

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TAP CHi TAM L? HOC. So 7 (160), 7 - 2012