21856 72848 1 pb 834

MOT SO YEU TO CHU QUAN
TAG DONG DEN D O N G CO GIANG DAY
CUA GIANG VIEN DAI HOC
Th.S NguySn Van Lupt
Khoa Tdm ly hgc, Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc xd hdi vd Nhdn vdn.

T6M TAT

Bdi bdo phdn dnh ki't qud khdo sdt 386 gidng viin cua 4 trudng dai hgc Irin
dia bdn Hd Ndi vi mdt sd yiu td chu quan tdc ddng din ddng ca gidng day cua hg.
Cdc phurmg phdp nghiin edu chinh dugc sur dung Id diiu Ira bdng bdng hdi vd phdng
vdn sdu. Cdc yiu tdchd quan dugc nghiin ciiu gdm: dinh hu&ng gid tri cda gidng vii
trong gidng dgy; nhdn thiic cUu gidng viin vi yiu edu cua nghi nghiep; hiing thii
gidng day cda gidng viin vd tinh thdn, Irdch nhiim ciia gidng viin. Kit qua nghiin
citu cho thdy, cdc yiu td chii quan cd dnh hudng din ddng ca gidng dgy cita gidng
vien. Phdn tich hdi qui tuyen linh drm cho thdy, sif thay ddi ciia 3 Irong 4 yiu tdduac
nghiin cihi cd khd ndng dif bdo sif biin ddi ddng ca gidng dgy cOa gidng viin dgi hpc.
TU khoa: Dgng ca, dpng ca gidng dgy, gidng vien dgi hpc.
1. Dat vin de
Theo sd lidu cia Tdngcuc Thd'ng kd, tfnh ddn ngiy 31/12/2010, c i nude
cd 414 trudng dai hpc, cao ding, vdi 74.600 giing vidn, dio tao 2.162.100 sinh
vidn chi'nh qui [3]. Nhu viy, tfnh trung binh sd lupng giang vidn/sinh vidn xip
xi 1/29, dd li chua bao gdm sd sinh vidn hpc vin bing 2, lidn thdng, tir xa vi
hoin chinh kidn thic. Theo bio cio cua Bd Giio due & Dio tao, ttt nam 1987 2009, sd sinh vidn c i nude ting 13 lin nhung sd giing vidn chi ting 3 lin. Sy
phit tridn nhanh chdng cua giio due dai hpc ddi hdi ddi ngtt giing vidn khdng
chi cin phii ting cudng vd sd luong m i cdn phai ning cao vd chit lupng mdi
dip ing dupe ydu ciu dit ra.
Trong vai nim gin diy, sd giing vidn trong cic trudng dai hpc cd xu
hudng chuydn ra khdi nginh giio due ngiy cing ting. TTidm vio dd, vide tuydn
dung giing vidn d cic trudng dai hpc cung gip nhidu khd khin. Sinh vidn tdt
nghidp khi, gidi khdng tha thidt lim giing vidn.

76

TAPCHfTAMLyHQC,Sd4(157),4-2012


Cd nhidu nguydn nhin din dd'n thyc trang tren, mdt trong nhing nguyen
nbin quan trpng la muc dfch, dpng co giang ilay cua hp chua dupe nhttng nguM
cd trich nhiem quan tim dip ing mdt cich tlida ding. Do dd, viec nghien ciu
mdt sd yd'u td tic ddng ddn ddng co giang day cia giing vien, xic dinh ydu td
nio cd vai trd quan trpng, tren co sd dd dd xuit cic bien phip nhim tao dpng
luc giing day cho giing vien li viec lam cd f nghia vd mat IJJ luin va thuc tiln.
2. Khach the va phuong phip nghidn ciu
Phuong phip chfnh dupe s i dung trong nghien ciu nay la didu tra bing
bing hdi vi phdng vin siu.
Tdng sd miu nghien ciu dinh lupng li 386 giing vien cua 4 trudng dai
hpc tren dia bin Ha Ndi: Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa bdi vi Nhin vin, Dai hpc Su
pham Hi Ndi, Dai hpc Bich Khoa Hi Ndi va Hpc vien Ngin hing. 'Thdi gian
khio sit dupe tidn binh vio nim 2011. Miu phdng vin siu li 30 giing vien.
Miu khio sit dinh lupng dupe phin bd theo bing dudi diy:
Bdng 1: Ddc diim mdu khdch thi nghiin edu
TT
1

2
3
4
5

Tidu chf
Khoa boc xa hdi va Nhin van

Su pham Ha Ndi
Tmdng Dai
hpc/H(x: vidn
Bach khoa Ha Ndi
Ngan hang
Nam
Gidi tfnh
NO
Dudi 35 tudi
Tudi d6i
Ti 35 tudi trd ldn
DU(ii 15 nam
Tham nien cdng tie
Tu 15 namttdldn
Ci nhan, thac sy
Hpc vi
Tien si

Sd luong
103
102
91
90
214
172
207
179
308
78
292

94

%
26,7
26,4
23,6
23,3
55.4
44.6
53,6
46,4
79,8
20,2
75,6
24,4

Cd 04 ydu td chu quan dupe gii thuydt li cd tic ddng ddn ddng co giang
day cua giang vien dupe nghien ciu bao gdm: Dinh hudng gia tri cua giing
vien trong giang day; Nhin thic cia giing vien vd yeu ciu cia nghd nghiep;
Hing thi giang day cua giing vien va Tinh thin, trich nhiem cua giing vien
trong giing day.

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4-2012

77


Dd tin ciy cua cic thang do nhu sau:
- Thang do ydu td "Dinh hudng gii tri cia giing vien trong giing day",
gdm 7 f ndi dung, dd tin ciy (Cronbach's Alpha) = 0,84.

- Thang do ydu td "Nhin thic cua giing vien vd yeu ciu cua nghd
nghiep", gdm 6 f ndi dung, dp tin ciy = 0,89.
- Thang do "Hing thi giang day cua giang vien", gdm 6 f ndi dung, dd
tin ciy = 0,68.
Thang do "Tinh thin, trich nhidm cua giing vidn trong giing day",
gdm 6 y ndi dung, dd tin ciy = 0,80.
Mdi y ndi dung cua ting thang do ddu cd 5 phuong in tri ldi t i Hodn
todn khdng ddng y (tuong duong 1 didm) ddn Hodn todn ddng y (tucmg duong 5
didm). Didm cing cao thi mic dd bidu hidn f ndi dung duoc do d ngudi giing
vidn cing cao. Sau khi tfnh toin, dinh gii cua giing vidn vd cic ydu td dupe
chia thinh 5 mic dd:
Mic 1: Bidu hidn khdng rd (DTB t i 1- < 1,80);
Mic 2: Bidu hidn khdng rd lim (DTB ttt 1,80 - < 2,60);
Mic 3: Mic trung binh (DTB ttt 2,60 - < 3,40);
Mic 4: Bidu hidn tuong ddi ro (DTB t i 3,40 - < 4,20);
Mic 5: Bidu hidn rit ro (DTB t i 4,20 - < 5,00).
Hoat ddng giing day cua giang vidn duoc xic djnh vdi bdn dang dpng co
ndi bit, dd li: (1) Ddng co vl ngudi hpc; (2) Ddng co nghd nghidp; (3) E)dng CO
ty khang dinh ban thin vi (4) Ddng ca kinh td/thu nhip.
3. Ket qua nghien curu
3.1. Khdi qudt ehung ve mpt sd yea tdehu quan a gidng viin
3.1.1. Dinh hu&ng gid tri cua gidng viin Irong gidng dgy
Kd't qui nghidn ciu "dinh hudng gii tri cia giing vidn trong giing day"
duoc thd hidn d bing sd lidu sau:
Qua bing 2 chung tdi nhin thiy, dinh hudng gii tri trong giang day cua
giang vidn dupe thd hidn rit rd, cd 3/7 y ndi dung cd DTB d mic 4, 4/7 y ndi
dung cd DTB d mic 5. Giing vidn trong dien khio sit da hudng ddn cic gii tri
lien quan ddn sinh vien: trang bi tri thic cho sinh vien (DTB = 3,89, xdp d mic
4), giip sinh vien cd kha ning hpc tip sudt ddi (DTB = 4,03, xdp d mic 4) hay
giip sinh vien cd kbi ning xin viec (DTB = 4,25, xdp d m i c 5). Tuy nhidn,

dinh hudng gii tri cia ngudi giing vidn lidn quan dd'n chinh ban thin hp cd

78

TAPCHfTAMLyHOC,Sd4(157),4-2012


DTB cao hon so vdi cic gii trj lidn quan dd'n sinh vidn, cd 3/4 f ndi dung (4, 5,
6) lidn quan ddn giing vidn cd DTB d mic 5.
Bdng 2: Dinh hu&ng gid tri cim gidng viin Irong gidng dgy
Cic y ndi dung
1. Giang vidn phai trang bi cho sinh vidn mdt he thdng tri
thic dd hp cd tlld duong diu vdi cac vin dd trong cudc sd'ng
2. Giang day phai giup cho sinh vien co kha nang hpc tap
sudt ddi
3. Giang day phai dua lai cho giang vidn mdt ngudn thu nhap
du sd'ng
4. Giang day phai dam bao cudc sd'ng dn dinh cho ngudi
gians vidn
5. Giang day phai dam bao su an tam cho ngudi giang vidn
vi tuong lai sau niy
6. Giang day phai giup cho ngudi giang vidn cd nidm vui
Uong cudc sdng
7. Giang day phai giup cho sinh vidn cd kha nang xin viec
sau khi tdt nghiep
Tdng

DTB

SD

3,89

0,94

4,03

0,95

4

4,17

0,95

4

4,39

0,83

5

4,35

0,88

4,39

0,78

4,25

0,84

4,21

0,63

Mic
dd
4

5
5
5
5

"C)d ngudn thu nhip du sdng", "dim bio cudc sdng dn dinh", "an tim vd
tuang lai", "cd nidm vui trong cudc sdng" li nhttng gii tri m i giing vien hudng
ddn trong boat ddng giing day cua minh. Didu niy cung la de hidu vi suy cho
cung giang day cung l i mdt nghd, ngudi giing vien cung phii dupe dim bio
nhing didu kien dd tdn tai vi phit tridn.
Kdt qui khio sit 386 giang vien cho thiy, boat ddng giing day cua
giing vien dai hpc dupe thuc diy bdi 4 ddng co sau: ddng ca vi ngudi hpe, DTB
= 4,23, xdp vi tri t h i 1; ddng ca nghi nghiep, DTB = 4,06, xdp vi trf thi 2; ddng
ca tif khdng dinh bdn thdn, DTB = 4,01, xdp vi trf thi 3 vi ddng ca kinh tilthu
nhdp, DTB = 2,80, xdp vi trf thi 4. Viy ma, khi nghien ciu vd dinh budng gii
tri trong boat ddng giang day cua giing vien, ching ta lai thiy, cic giing vien
xic dinh triing qui trinh boat ddng hp hudng ddn cic gii tri lien quan ddn bin

thin giang vien nhidu hon, dupe ddng tinh manh me bon so vdi cic gii tri lien
quan dd'n sinh vidn?!
3.1.2. Nhgn thdc eua gidng vien viyeu edu eiia nghi nghiip
TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012

79


Nhin thic cia giing vidn vd ydu ciu cia nghd nghidp duoc thd hidn qua
nhin nhin, dinh gii cia giing vien vd nhiing yeu ciu vd ning luc chuyen mfln,
nghiep vu su pham, ngoai ngi, kl ning nghien cin cua giing vien v.v... Ndi
cich Icbic, nd tri ldi ciu bdi giing vien mudn giing day tdt tbi cin phii cd
ning luc, phim chi't gi? Kdt qui nghien ciu vd nhin thic cua giing vien vd yeu
ciu cua nghd nghiep dupe thd hien d bing sd lieu sau:
Bdng 3: Nhdn Ihiic eiia gidng viin vi yiu edu eua nghe nghiep
Cic y ndi dung

DTB

SD

1. Giang vien phai am hidu siu sic linh vuc minh giang day
2. Ddi vdi giang vidn tbi vide gidi ngoai ngtt li thuc su cin
thidt
3. Giang vidn phai nim vihig phuong phip giing day bidn
dai
4. Ddi v(3i giing vidn thi vide hidu tim \f cua sinh vien li
rit quan Uong
5. Ddi vdi giang vidn tbi cin phai lim chu trang thidt bi
giang day hien dai

6. Giang vidn phai nhin thic ro yeu ciu cua xa bdi ddi vdi
sinh vidn tdt nghidp ra trudng
Tdng

4,58

0,59

Mic
dd
5

4,46

0,71

5

4,29

0,74

5

4,27

0,74

5

4,27

0,76

5

4,32

0,72

5

4^

0,58

5

Cic sd Ueu d bang tren cho thiy, DTB chung ciia thang do niy li 4,36,
SD = 0,58, xdp d mic dd 5, cd 6/6 y ndi dung cd DTB d mic 5. Ttt dd, cd thd
kdt luin ring giing vien trong dien khio sit da nhin thic rit td't vd nhttng yeu
ciu cua nghd nghiep ddi viSi bin thin hp.

Trong sd cic yen ciu dupe giing vien danh gii cin phii cd d ngudi
giang vien thi "am hidu siu sic linh vyc minh giing day" li ydu ciu cao nhit
Qui thit, ndu ngudi giang vidn khdng am hidu siu sic linh vyc minh giing day
thi khdng thd truydn tii dupe ndi dung, tri thic cua mdn hijc cho sinh vidn chi
chua ndi gi dd'n vide ip dung bay sing tao cic phuong phip giip sinh vidn tidp
thu tdt bii giing. Chia sd cia 1 giang vidn sau diy li mdt vf du "Yeu edu hdng
ddu ddi vdi gidng viin Id phdi am hiiu linh viie minh gidng dgy neu khdng

rdt long ngong khi lin hue gidng. Gidng dgy khdng cd hdn, sinh vien sechd
minh ciing mdt hdng thd gidng dgy" [Giang vidn nam, 35 tudi, Dai hpc Su
pham].

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2 0 1 2


Trong qui trinh md cia, bdi nhip vdi khu vuc vi trdn thd gidi, vide giing
vidn gidi ngoai ngtt li ydu ciu bic thid't bidn nay. Da sd giang vidn tr()ng didn
khio sit (359/386 giang vidn, chid'm 93%) ddng f vi hoin toin ddng f ring
"Giang vidn cin phai gidi ngoai ngi". Theo 1;^ giii cia nhidu thiy/cd, ngoai
ngtt thyc sy la cdng cu, chia khda quan trpng dd md cia tri thic cia nhin loai,
cd ngoai ngtt td't mdi cd khi ning cip nhit tri thic, phucmg phip nghidn ciu
hidn dai, lam cho qui trinh giing day cia minh td't hem. "Gidng viin gidi ngogi
ngU Id thuc su edn thiit vi khi gidng viin gidi ngogi ngit thi si eo nhiing each
lii'p can md, cap nhgt Iri thitc liin liin cda nhdn logi, tham gia cdc diin ddn,
hpi thdp khoa hpc cdng cdc nhd khoa hpc Irin thi gi&i vd ddng gop tiing noi
cOa minh. Ddng Ihdi, qua dd, ndng cao chd't luang gidng dgy vdi sinh viin, hpe
vien vd ed nhiing dong gdp xdy dung nhd tru&ng & vi tri mpl ngudi gidng viin
cap nhdt khoa hpe hiin dgi" [Giing vidn ntt, 27 tudi, Khoa tipc xa bdi vi Nbin
vin].
3.1.3. Hiing Ihu gidng dgy cua gidng vien
Hing thi giing day cua giing vidn dai hpc dupe bidu bidn qua mong
mudn, nguydn vpng cia giang vidn ddi vdi vide lua chpn nghd giang vien, qua
nidm vui trong qui trinh day bpc, sy gin bd, tim huydt vdi nghd nghiep v.v...
Kdt qua nghien ciu hing tbi giing day cua giing vien dai hpc dupe thd bien d
bang 4.
Bdng 4: Hirng thii gidng dgy ciig gidng viin dgi hpc
Cac y npi dung

DTB

1. Trd thanh giang vidn trong linh vuc-chuyen mdn hidn nay
la do tdi tu chon
2. Ndu cd CO hdi lua chpn lai tdi se khdng lua chpn trd thanh
giang vidn*
3. Tdi cd the lam vide hang gid trong linh vuc chuyen mdn
cia minh ma khdng cam tha'y chan nan
4. Tdi da mong udc trd thanh giang vidn trong linh vuc tdi
dang giang day ngay t i khi con la sinh vidn dai hoc
5. Cang giang day tdi thiy minh cang gin bo vdi cdng vide
6. Tdi tim thiy nidm vui khi dupe giang day trong linh vuc
cua minh
Tdng
Ghi chu: * - Diem cua y ngi dung nay ddduac doi nguac lai

TAPCHITAMLtHpC,S6'4 (157), 4-2012

SD

Mic
do

4,32 0,80

5

3,45

1,38

4

3,78

1,06

4

3,55

1.26

4

4,18

0,81

4

4,19 0,78

4

3,91 0,65

4

DTB cua thang do niy = 3,91, xd'p d mic 4. Nhu viy so vdi 4 yd'u td chu
quan dupe nghidn ciu thi hing tbi giang day cia giang vidn dai bpc d mic
thip nhi't. Mdt ciu hdi dit ra li vi sao hing thi giing day cia giing vidn dai
hpc lai d mic thi'p nhi't so vdi nhttng ydu td chu quan khic dupe nghien cttu?
Qua kdt qui phdng vi'n siu vi thao luin nhdm cho thiy, phin ldm giing vien
ddu tu lya chpn trd thinh giing vien dai hpc. Tic li ho ty lya chpn nghd nghiep
cho ban thin nhung theo thdi gian, cing vdi nhing ban chd cia chd dd dai ngd,
chi'nh sich vd luong/thudng, co sd vit chi't giang day bay mdi trudng lam viec
da lim cho hing thu giing day cua hp ngiy cing giim sit. 'Tdi chudn bi bdi
gidng rd'i cdng phu di cd thi co mdt bdi gidng hay vdi nhiiu slides, clip hdp
ddn. mudn cho sinh vien .xem vd minh hpa cho sinh viin di hieu bdi hpc nhung
mang din ldp hay hoay mdi md cdi mdy chieu vdn khdng hogt ddng duac. Vdi
ldn nhu vdy, ciing khdng cdn hirng thu di gidng dgy niia" [Giing vien nam, 29
tudi, Hpc vien Ngin hing].
Cin phii khing djnh ring, mic d i cd DTB thip nhit trong sd 4 ydu td
chu quan dupe nghidn ciu nhung da phin giing vidn trong didn khio sat vin
ddng y ring hp cd hing thi trong giing day: cd 307/386 giang vidn trong didn
khio sit (chid'm 79,6%) ddng y vi rit ddng f vdi cic y ndi dung dupe nghidn
ciu thd hidn hing thi cia giing vidn trong giang day.
3.1.4. Tinh thdn, trach nhiim ciia gidng viin trong gidng dgy
Bdng 5: Tinh thdn, trdeh nhiim cua gidng viin Irong gidng dgy
Cac y npi dung
1. Tdi thyc hidn cic cdng viec cia giang vien (giang day, chim
bai...) mdt each tan tam
2. Tdi thuc hien nghidm tie Id Irinh nang cao trinh dd do
khoa/nha trudng ydu ciu
3. Tdi thuc bidn viec chim bii thi theo dung thdi gian mi
khoa/nha tmdng ydu ciu
4. Neu khdng c6 ly do die bidt tdi se khdng bd bit c i gid day
nao

5. Ndu thanh tra khdng kidm tra thudng xuydn thi tdi se nghi
day vai budi ma khdng ngai gi*
6. Tdi tham gia cac boat ddng sinh boat chuydn mdn cia td bd
mdn/kboa mdt each nghidm luc
Tdng

DTB

SD

4,34

0,69

4,33

0,69

4,31

0,72

4,44

0,78

4,18

1,20

4,39

0,72

4,33

0,58

Mic
do
5
5
5
5
4
5
5

Ghi chu: '^ - Diim cda y ndi dung dd dugc ddi ngugc Igi
82

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012