Advanced Financial
Accounting
FIN611
Mian Ahmad Farhan
Lecture3
Single Entry
(Conversion Method)
Necessary Documents Required in Conversion
Method
1. Cash book
2. Total Debtors account
3. Total Creditors account
4. Statement of affairs relating to
opening date
5. Year end adjustment
Cash Book
Receipts
Amount
Payment
Amount
Opening balance
xxx
All payments either
relating capital or
revenue payments
xxx
Closing balance
xxx
All receipts either
relating capital or
revenue receipts
xxx
xxx
xxx
Debtors Account
Increase in Debtors
Amount Decrease in Debtors
Opening balance
xxx
Credit sales
xxx
xxx
Cash received from
debtors
Discount allowed
Bad debts
Sales return
Closing balance
Amount
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
Creditors Account
Decrease in Creditors
Amount Increase in Creditors
Amount
Cash paid to creditors
Discount received
Purchase return
Closing balance
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
Opening balance
Credit purchase
xxx
Debit (Dr) and Credit (Cr) Rules
Debit (Dr) group
Assets
Expenses
Increase
Dr.
Decrease
Cr.
Credit (Cr) group
Owner’s equity
Liability
Income
Increase
Decrease
Cr.
Dr.
Statement of Affairs
It consists of previous year “Balance Sheet” items
Assets
Furniture & Fixture
Equipments
Stock
Debtors
Prepaid expenses
Bank balance
Cash
Amount
(Rs)
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
Liabilities
Loan
Creditors
Payable expenses
Owner’s equity/Net
Assets (Balancing
figure)
Amount
(Rs)
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
Year End Adjustments
It includes various adjustments relating to previous year.
Company Name
Income Statement
For the year ended
Sales
Less Cost of goods sold
Opening Stock
xxx
Add Purchases xxx
Less Closing Stock
xxx
Less Operating expenses
Add Other Income
Gross Profit
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
Sales
Sales
Cash Sales
Credit Sales
Journal Entry
Journal Entry
Cash xxx
Debtors xxx
Sale xxx
Sale xxx
Cash Book
Receipts
Amount
Cash received from
debtors
xxx
xxx
Payment
Amount
xxx
Debtors Account
Increase in Debtors
Amount Decrease in Debtors
Amount
Credit sales
xxx
xxx
xxx
Cash received from
debtors
xxx
Purchases
Purchases
Cash Purchase
Credit Purchase
Journal Entry
Journal Entry
Purchase xxx
Creditors xxx
Cash xxx
Purchase xxx
Cash Book
Receipts
Amount
xxx
Payment
Amount
Cash purchases
xxx
xxx
Creditors Account
Decrease in Creditors
Amount Increase in Creditors
Credit purchase
xxx
Amount
xxx
xxx
Closing Stock
Closing stock information is available at year end
balance sheet.
Operating Expenses
1.
2.
3.
Cash based expenses
Expenses relating to receivables
Expenses relating to fixed assets
a). Depreciation
b). Loss on disposal of an assets
Cash Book
Receipts
Amount
xxx
Payment
Amount
Expenses paid in
cash
xxx
xxx
Cash Based Expenses
Expenses paid in cash during the year
Less Opening balance of Accrued expenses
Add Closing balance of Accrued expenses
Add Opening balance of Prepaid expenses
Less Closing balance of Prepaid expenses
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
Expenses Related to Receivable
1.
2.
3.
Discount Allowed
Debtors account
Bad debts
Provision for doubtful debts Year end adjustment
Provision for Doubtful Debts
1.
2.
When there is an increase in Provision it will be
charged as an expense.
When there is an decrease in Provision it will be
credited to the expense.
Operating Expenses
1.
2.
3.
Cash Account
Cash based expenses
Debtors Account &
Expenses relating to receivables
Year end adjustment
Expenses relating to fixed assets
Year end adjustment
a). Depreciation
Cash Account &
b). Loss on disposal of an assets
Year end
adjustment
Other Income
1.
2.
3.
Incomes based on cash
Incomes relating to payables
Incomes relating to fixed assets
Incomes Based on Cash
Cash received during the year
Less Opening balance of Accrued income
Add Closing balance of Accrued income
xxx
Add Opening balance of advance income
Less Closing balance of advance income
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
Incomes Relating to Payables
Journal Entry
Discount received
Creditors xxx
Income xxx