Báo cáo khoa học:Cách chuyển thuật ngữ test khi biểu thị một phương pháp thống kê từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt pot

Quart
ly
- Trao
361
Cach chuyen
ngfr
thuat
ngfr
"test"
khi
bilu
thj mot
phirong
phap
thfing
ke hoc
f
r
tir
tieng Anh sang tieng Viet
Oat van de
Hien
nay, nhieu
dong
nghiep, nhat la cac
hoc
vIen
cao hoc va nghien
cu'u sinh c6
flat
v^n

d^
la
rki
kho chuyen thuat
ngu'
"test"
khi "test"
bieu
thi mot
phu-cng
phap th6ng ke hoc
tu"
ti^ng
Anh sang tieng Viet. Vi
dij,
trong th6ng ke sinh
hoc,
thLi'ang
gap "Student's t test" (hoac t test),
y/
test, Anova test (hoac F test). Bartlett's test,
Cochran's test, Duncan's
test.
Hartley's test ,,,,
Co
ngu'ai
chuyen
ngCf
chu-
"Test" la "Chuan" va

djch
la "Chuan t", "Chuan
-//";
c6
ngu'ai
chuyen
ngO'
la
"Kiem
djnh"
va dich la
"Kiem
djnh t",
"Kiem djnh
-//";
c6
ngu'ai
chuyen ngu' la
"ThCe
nghiem"
va dich la
"ThLf
nghiem t",
"Thi>
nghiem
//";
CO ngu'ai chuyen ngu' la "Kiem tra" va dich
la "Kiem tra t", "Kiem tra
y^":
c6

ngu'ai
chuyen
ngCr
la
"Trie
nghiem" va dich la "Trac nghiem t",
"Trie
nghiem
//",
c6
ngu-ai chuy§n
ngu' la "The
nghiem"
va djch la "The nghiem t", "The nghiem
X^":
CO ngu'O'i chuyin ngO
la
"ThCp
nghiem" va
djch la
"Thi>
nghiem
t",
"Thu"
nghiem
-i",
c6
ngLcai
chuyen
ngij

la "Nghiem phap" va dich la
"Nghiem phap t", "Nghiem phap
y^";
c6
ngu-cyi
chuyen
ngO
la
"Phu-cng
phap" va djch la
"Phu'ang
phap t",
"Phu'ang
phap
y^"\
c6
ngu-ai
chuyen
ngu'
la "Phep
thi>"
va goi la ' Phep
tht>
t",
"Phep
thij'
-/^";
c6
ngu'cri
chuyen

ngij'
la "Phep
ki4m"
va
goi
la "Phep kiem t", "Phep kiem
y^"\
CO
ngu'ai
chuyen
ngu"
la "Phep chuan" va goi la
"Phep chuan t", "Phep chuan
y^".
c6
ngti-ai
chuyen ngu' la "Phep nghiem" va goi la "Phep
nghiem t", "Phep nghiem
y^"\
c6
ngu-ai
phien
am ra
ti§ng
Viet la "Tet" va goi la "Tet t", "Tet
X^";
CO
ngLfoi
vin de nguyen
chu"

"Test" trong
tiing Anh va dich la "Test t", "Test
y^"
Tit
nhien, mot thuat
ngO
cua mot
nu-ac
khi
chuyen
ngi>'
sang
ti§ng cija
mot
nu-oc
khac.
Do Trung Dam
Vien
Duac
Lieu
thu'cyng
c6 nhieu y nghTa khac nhau,
NhLfng
trong mot tinh
hudng nhit
djnh,
thi chf nen
c6
mot thuat
ngO tu-cng

Cfng,
chtj
khong the cung
la thuat
ngCr
"Test" trong cung mot
ngO canh
cua th6ng ke sinh hoc ma
lai
c6 the c6 den
hang chuc
each
chuyen
ngO-
khac nhau. Tuy
nhien,
viec thong
nhit each
dung la mot viec
khong
h§
dan
gian.
Nha lai, viec th6ng nhat chuyin
ngiJ'
thuat
ngO
"half-life" thanh
"nCra
d6i\

tu-ang nhLf
hai
nam ro
mu'oi,
vi viec chuyin ngij
nhu*
vay la
rit
"cf^f,
thi
nhLi-ng
cung
eye
ky kho khan.
Viec
de
xult
nay,
chtjng
toi da neu trong bai bao
"Ni>a
dai,
thai gian ban huy hay ehu ky
nt>a
phan
ra'?"
(06 Trung Dam, Tap ehi
Dyge
hoe, nam
1995,

s6 3, trang 10 -11), Tuy nhien, viec dung
thuat
ngu"
nay van theo nhieu each khac nhau,
Cung may, vao cac nam 2000 - 2002, khi
bien soan
"Du'ge
thu' qu6e gia Viet Nam", c6 mot
Ban Bien tap, chung toi da di nghj chuyen
ngQ'
thuat
ngCr
"half-life" la
"nCra
dai". Ban Bien tap da
tranh
luan
va phan tich
nhiiu
lln,
nhu-ng
v^n
khong
nhit
tri du'ge. Co vj giao su' dat eau
hoi:
"N§u
chuyen ngij thuat
ngiJ
"half-life" la

"niia
dai",
thi "plasmatic half-life" goi la
gl?",
Cau hoi
nay dS dang giai dap, vi "plasmatic half-life"
du'ge
chuyen
ngCc
la
"nCca
dai trong
huyit
tu'ang".
Co vj phan doi da buong mot eau
"Cai
ong nu'a dai
nCra
doan nay lam
phu'c
tap van
6h
qua!",
Tuy nhien, sau nhiiu
lln
trinh bay phan
tich,
eu6i cung Ban Bien tap cung
nhit
tri chuyen

ngCf
thuat
ngiJ
"half-life" thanh
"nija
dai".
Tu'ang
nhu
thi da la xong.
NhLrng
din
khi
Bo Y te to
chLfc
nghiem thu cuon sach
"Du-ac
thu-
qu6c
gia
Viet Nam" nay, lai c6
nhiiu giao
SU"
trong
Hgi
ding nghiem thu phan doi, khong
cho
dung thuat
ngij "ni>a
dai", Cung may, trong
buoi nghiem thu nay, chung toi cung

du'ge ph6p
TAP CHi
DUOC HOC
-
11/2009
(SO 403 NAM 49)
Quan ly - Trao doi
tham
dy,
v^
v^i
c^c
ly do a§ nhieu Ian trinh
b^y
v6'i
Ban Bien tap, chung t6i
d§
trinh
b^y
lai
v^
thuyet phuc
dygc HOi
dong thong qua. Niu
trong buoi Hoi dong hop nghiem thu, ma chung
toi khong du'ge
dy,
thi c6 khi thuat ngij nay vin
khong du'ge chip nhan. Noi
nhLf

vay de thiy
ring,
viec thay doi di thing
nhit each
goi mot
thuat ngij da quen dung la khong de
dang
Chinh vi thi, dii vai thuat
ngu'
"test" la mot
thuat ngij con
phijc
tap han nhiiu so vai thuat
ngij "half-life", chung toi cung chf biit dung theo
each hiiu cua chung toi,
chij
khong dam di
xuat di mong mpi ngu'ai thong
nhIt,
Tuy nhien,
khi
ehim
cac luan an thae sT, tiin sT hoac phan
bien cae bai bao dang tren cac Tap ehi khoa
hoc, chung toi thu'ang phai gop y vai hoc vien
va nghien
ciju
sinh.
Nhiiu nghien
eiju

sinh van
lai "Bay gia ho cung vin dung loan
len
ma
thiy\
ThS theo thiy thi dung thuat ngCr
naol
Dung
nhu thiy noi, thiy c6 dam bao la khong c6 ai
phe phan em khong?". Thu thyc, chung toi
cung khong dam dam bao vai nghien
ciJu
sinh
la niu em dung thuat ngij
n^w
chung toi gai y,
thi khong ai phe phan em
du-ac,
vi
lue
do,
chung toi eo dyge a day di trinh bay dau, ma
gia thiit du chung toi c6 mat a do, cung khong
CO
ca sa nao di buoc vj phan bien kia phai
chap nhan diiu ma chung toi trinh bay. Co khi
danh de nghien
ciJu
sinh dung nguyen van
thuat ngij "test" cua tiing Anh, roi khi thay nao

phe phan thi trinh bay ly do vay.
TrLfae
tinh hinh qua
bijc
xuc, trong bai bao
nay, ehung toi xin neu quan diim cua chung toi
vi viec chuyin ngij thuat ngij "test" khi "test"
biiu thj mot phu'ang phap thong ke hoc
tiJ
tiing
Anh sang tiing Viet.
Nhu
tren ehung toi da trinh bay, thuat ngij
"test"
phije
tap han thuat
ngij
"half-life" nhiiu,
TrLfoe
hit, y nghTa cua thuat ngu' "test"
rit
phong phu, khong dan gian
nhu-
thuat
ngO
"half-life". Thy hai, thuat
ngiJ
"half-life" la mot
danh
tiJ,

con thuat ngy "test" c6 thi la mot danh
tu,
cung
CO
thi la mot dong tu. Lai con nhiiu
trugng hgp, danh tu "test" dung truac mot
danh tu khac, dugc dung nhu mot tinh
ngiJ
di
bo nghTa cho danh tu khac do.
Oiem lai va phan tich cac
each
dung hien nay
De
CO
thi rut ra duge each chuyin
nglj
"dit"
nhat cho thuat ngu nhu "test" trong
ITnh
vyc thing
ke sinh hoc (xin nhan manh la
chi
trong ITnh vyc
thong
kg
sinh hoe thoi), chung t6i xin
ph6p
c6 mot
vai

phcin
tich vi cac
c^ch
dung hien nay.
Co nguai chuyin ngu thuat ngij "test" sang
tiing Viet la "chuan", "phep chuan" "tieu chuan"
va goi vi du la "Chuan t" hoac "Phep chuan t"
hoac "Tieu chuan t". Chung toi nghT chuyin
ngiJ
"Chuan"
nen di danh cho thuat ngu trong tiing
Anh nhu "Standard", "Standardization", hoac
"Norm",
hoac cung
llm
c6 thi la "Criterion", ehu
khong nen la chuyin ngu cho thuat ngij "test"
trong
bit
eu tinh huong nao. Trong cuon "Tu
diin toan hoc Anh Viet" cung eo truang hgp
chuyin ngij thuat
ngij
"test" sang tiing Viet la
"Tieu
ehuin".
Nhung theo ehung toi, viec
chuyin ngu nhu vay la khong that hgp ly. Tom
lai theo chung toi, viec chuyin ngij thuat
nglj

"t
test" sang tiing Viet la
"ehuIn
t", "tieu chuan t"
hoac "phep chuan
t"
la khong dung.
Co nguai chuyen ngij thuat ngu "t test" theo
kiiu phien am, va goi la "tet t", hoac di nguyen
van tiing Anh la "test t",
ehi
dao 2 chij "t" va ehu
"test" cho phu hgp vai each hanh van trong tiing
Viet. Trong thyc ti, cung eo nhiiu truang hgp,
ta phai dung theo kiiu phien am hoac mugn
nguyen thuat ngij tiing nuae ngoai sang tiing
Viet. Nhung do
chi
la nhijng truang hgp
bit
dae
dT.
Con niu c6 kha nang Viet hoa dugc, lam cho
tiing Viet phong phu han, trong sang han,
ehung toi nghT, ta nen thyc
hien.
Oac
biet la a
day, da c6 muai
miy

each chuyen ngu, ta nen
ehpn
lly
mot each hgp ly
nhIt,
Do do, chung toi
thIy
khong nen chuyin ngij thuat
ngiJ
"t test" tu
tiing Anh sang tiing Viet la "tet t" hoac "test t".
Cung CO nguai chuyin
nglj
thuat ngij "t test"
sang tiing Viet la "kiim djnh t", "phep kiim djnh
t",
"kiim tra t", "phep kiim tra t" hoac "phep kiim t".
Thuat ngu "kiim tra" hoac "kiim
dinh"
thuang di
chl mot viec da lam, nay lam lai di xem viec da
lam
CO
dung khong hoac dung din mue do nao,
hoan toan khac vai "test" trong thing ke sinh hoc.
Thuat ngij "kiim tra", "kiim
dinh"
trong tiing Viet
thuang di chuyin ngu cho thuat ngij "examine",
"examination" hoac "control" cua tiing Anh. Cung

CO
truang hgp thuat ngu "test" duge chuyin ngij
sang tiing Viet la "kiim tra", nhung do la truang
hap kiem tra vi ky nang, nang lye, sy hieu biit,
trinh do van hoa.,, va khi do, "test" thuang thupc
tu
loai
la "dong tu", Vi du: We shall be tested on
grammar tomorrow, hoac We have to test his
TAP CHi
DUQC HQC - 11/2009
(SO 403 NAM 49)
Quan ly - Trao
do!
knovi/ledge
of computers. Trong nhung
tnj'ang
hgp
n^y,
chuyen ngij
IS
"thu" cung khong sai,
nhung ehung chung
quS,
nen ta thuang chuyen
nglj la "kiem tra". Con trong tinh huong cua mot
phuang phap thing ke nhu "t test" thi khong nen
dung chuyin ngu "kiim tra" hoac "kiim
djnh".
Cung CO nguai chuyin ngij thuat

ngiJ
"t test"
sang tiing Viet la
"Trie
nghiem t", "Thu nghiem
t", "Thi nghiem t". Cac thuat ngu
"Trie
nghiem",
"ThLP nghiem", "The nghiem" thuang de bieu
hien hanh dong lam mot viec gi, trai lai day la
mot phuang phap (phep); vi vay, viec dung nhu
vay la khong hgp ly. Cung eo nguai cho
ring,
cac thuat
ngij "Trie
nghiem", "Thu nghiem",
"Thi nghiem" ma ehung toi dung a day la danh
tu ehu khong phai la dong tu. Theo ehung toi,
niu dung vai y nghTa danh tu thi nen dung thuat
ngu "phep thu" (hoac '"phuang phap thu") vua
noi len duge day la danh tu, lai neu len dugc
day la mot phuang phap (phep)
thij
c6 quy
trinh,
quy
tic
ro rang, Tuy nhen, dung thuat
ngiJ
"Phep

thu"
cung khong dung trong tinh huong nay (xin
xem
phin
trinh bay ngay duai day).
Thuat ngij "test" trong tiing Anh, thong
thuang khi chuyen ngij sang tiing Viet la
"thu".
Niu "test" la danh tu thi duge chuyin ngij la
"Sy thu" hoac "Viec thu". Truang hgp "Sy thu"
nay la
chi
mot phuang phap c6 quy trinh quy
tic
thi nen chuyin ngu la "Phep thu". "Phep
thu"
nay c6 thi la thu in vivo, c6 thi la thu in
vitro, cOng eo thi la thu theo mot quy
tic
nao
do,
Trai lai, thuat ngij "test" trong thing ke hoc
a day la "nghiem" lai nhung kit qua thu dugc
tu cac "phep thu" in vivo hoac in vitro de rut ra
kit kuan xac dang vi cac kit qua thu dugc. Vi
vay, chung toi di nghj chuyin ngu thuat
ngiJ
"test" trong thong ke hoc la "phep nghiem".
Cung
CO

thi goi la "nghiem phap", nhung theo
chung toi thuat
nglj
"phep nghiem"
thuin
Viet
han thuat ngij "nghiem phap". De
thIy
ro han
tai sao trong truang hgp nay lai nen chuyin
ngiJ
la "phep nghiem", chung toi xin neu vai vi
du minh hoa sau day.
Vidu1
Trong mot thi nghiem nghien
CLPU
tac dung
Igi
mat cua thuic T tren chuot
lang,
da dung 2
16
chupt
lang,
mil
16
8 eon. Din
luu
mat tu ing mat
ehu cua mil chupt vap

tung
ing nghiem de do
thi tich mat
chay
ra. Bam thuic vao ta trang
chupt 6'
16
thuic, con
16
doi chyng bam dung dich
NaCI
0,9% vai cung thi
tich.
Do the tich mat chay
ra cua moi chuot trong 30 phut ke tu khi bam
thuoc vSo
t^
trSng
chupt, ta se dugc the tich mat
tiet ra cua m5i chupt. Chuyen the tich
m$t
tiit ra
cua mil con chu6t quy ra cho 1 kg chupt
(ml/kg)
Tinh the tich mat trung binh (V) cua moi
16
theo trj
trung binh ± sai si chuan (M ± SE), vi du
16
dii

ehung ta tinh duge Vc = 3,76 ± 0,31 ml/kg, eon
16
thuic la Vt = 4,35 ± 0,36 ml/kg.
Din day, ta
thIy
thi tich mat trung binh cua
mil chupt 6'
16
thuic tiit ra nhiiu hgn so
vd'i 16
dii ehung. Ta con c6 thi tinh dugc ty
le
mat
a
16
thuic tiit ra nhiiu han so
vo-i 16
dii chung la
15,7%.
Tuy nhien, ta khong biit duac sy tang
nay thyc sy la do thuoc gay ra hay do sy
ngiu
nhien cua viec ehpn chupt da dua vao
16
d6i
Chung va
16
thuic. De lam diiu nay, ta phai tiin
hanh "Phep nghiem" so sanh 2 si trung binh Vc
va Vt dung phuang phap tinh thing ke sinh

hpe.
Co nhiiu phuang phap tinh thing
ke
Trong
truo-ng
hgp nay, vi du ta ap dung "Phep
nghiem t" (t test)
ching
han,
Truo-c
hit, ta phai tinh trj si cua
"t"
theo m6t
quy
trinh,
quy
tic
nhit dinh cua "phep nghiem
t". Sau do, ta tra cuu mot bang gpi la "bang t"
di xac djnh xem xac suit P la bao nhieu:
Niu P > 0,05 thi > 95%
truo-ng
hgp, 2 tn so
trung binh Vc va Vt khac nhau
khdng
c6 y
nghTa. Thuic T tuy c6 lam tang su tiit mat
15,7%,
nhung su tang nay kh6ng c6 y nghTa
thong ke 6' nguang xac suit P = 0,05. Noi m6t

each khac, thuic T thyc chit kh6ng eo tac dung
lam tang tiit mat c6 y nghTa thing ke so vd'i
16
doi chung, ma sy tang nay la do sy ngau nhien
cua viec ehpn miu chupt vao 2
16.
Niu P < 0,05 thi > 95%
truo'ng
hgp 2 trj so
trung binh Vc va Vt khac nhau c6 y nghTa,
tuc
la thyc chit, >
95%.
tryo'ng hgp, thuic T lam
tang tiit mat nhiiu han so vd'i
16
dii chung.
Niu P < 0,01 thi > 99% truo'ng hgp, 2 tri so
trung binh Vc va Vt khac nhau c6 y nghTa thing
ke,
tuc
la > 99% tryo'ng hgp, thuic T lam tang
tiit mat nhiiu han so vai
16
dii chung.
Niu P < 0,001 thi > 99,9% truo'ng hgp, 2 tn
si trung binh Vc va Vt khac nhau c6 y nghTa
thing ke, tuc la >
99,9%i
truo'ng hgp, thuic T

lam tang tiit mat nhiiu han so vd'i
16
dii
chCeng
khdng
dung thuoc T.
Nhu vay la nho' "Phep nghiem
f,
ta xac dinh
dugc ro thuoc T thyc chit c6 lam tang the tich
mSt
tiit ra hay kh6ng? va ca muc d6 c6 y nghia cua
viec T lam tang thi tich mat tiit ra la bao nhieu %.
TAP CHi DUOC HQC -
11/2009
(SO 403 NAM 49)
Quan ly - Trao doi
Hi0n
nay, vd'i
cSch
su dung Microsoft-Excel
(xin xem sach
06
Trung
DSm,
Su dung
Microsoft-Excel trong thong
kg
sinh hoc, NXB Y
hoc, 2003) ta kh6ng can phai tra bang,

mS mSy
cho ta trj so cu the cua P, vi du P
=
0,0236 (dT
nhien P
=
0,0236 thi P < 0,05). Niu
bing
each
tra bang
(khdng
dung Microsoft-Excel), ta
chi
c6
the xac djnh dugc 6' mot si muc nhu P > 0,05;
P < 0,05; P < 0,01; P < 0,001 (tit nhien, nhu
thi cung la du).
(y
day, chung t6i
cijng
xin neu, eo nghien
cuu sinh din trinh bay vd'i chung t6i la: thay
phan bien phe phan nghien cuu
sinh,
cho
ring
nghien cuu sinh viit
chlj
P (ehu P in hoa) la sai
va

bit
nghien cuu sinh phai sua la p (ehu p
thuang); lai eo nghien cuu sinh phan anh la
thay phan bien phe phan nghien cuu
sinh,
cho
la khi si ca thi nghien cuu trong m6t
16
it thi
phai dung ehu p, con khi si ca the trong mot
16
nhiiu thi phai dung ehu P. Thyc ra, chy P a
day la viit
tit
cua chij "xac suit" trong tiing
Anh (va nhiiu tiing nuae ngoai khac) la
"Probability". Vi thi viit P hoac p diu dugc.
Trong cac c6ng trinh nghien cuu c6ng bi tren
cac tap ehi khoa hpe nuae ngoai, cung diu
thiy
CO
khi dung p, c6 khi dung P.
Vidu2
C6 the lly m6t vi du thu 2 "Thu nghiem dinh
lugng
corticotrophin
bIng
phuang phap tiem
du6'i da chupt cing
tring"

Chung ta biit
ring
corticotrophin hay
adrenocorticotrophie hormone (ACTH) la
hormon do thuy truac tuyin yen tiit ra c6 tac
dung
kich
thich v6 thugng than ting hgp va giai
phong cac glucocorticoid
& 16'p
bo cua v6
thugng
than.
Thuic c6 tac dung tang ding hoa
glycogen,
c6 tac dung ching viem, ching thip
kh6p,
ching dj ung, uc chi
miin
dich.
Dae biet
la corticotrophin c6 tac dung lam tieu acid
ascorbic 6' thugng
than.
Liiu dung cua
corticotrophin
cang lo'n
thi ham lugng acid
ascorbic trong tuyin thugng than cang
thIp.

Mil tuang quan liiu
lugng-dap
ung giua hoat
dp cprticotrophin (tinh
bIng
dan vj quic ti U)
va
hSm
lugng acid ascorbic (tinh
bIng
mg
trong 100 g tuyin thugng than) chat che din
muc c6 the dung phuang phap nay di djnh
lugng liiu
lygng
corticotrophin da dung.
Gia thiit, ta c6 mot miu corticotrophin (gpi la
miu thu T), ngoai nhan de 1 U/mg. Ta phai djnh
lugng xem miu thuic T d6 thyc
chit
la bao
nhi6u
U/mg. Muon the, ta phai dung mot miu
corticotrophin chuan (gpi
\A
miu chuan S) c6
hoat dp vi du cung
Id
1 U/mg. Dung 4
16

chu6t
cing
trIng,
mil
16 10
con, 2
16
thu
vd'i
miu S,
trong do, m6t
16
dung liiu 0,25
vd
1
16
dung lieu
1
U/100
g chupt. Hai
16 thij
vd'i miu T cung dung
lieu nhu vay. Sau khi thuic dugc tiem duo'i da
60 phut, giit chupt, b6c tach lly tuyin thugng
than va dinh lugng acid ascorbic trong tuyin
thugng
than.
Kit qua thu duge, tinh quy ra ham
lugng acid ascorbic (mg) cho 100 g tuyin
thugng

than.
Tinh trj trung binh va phuang sai
cua
mii
16.
Trong truang hgp nay, ta dung phep
phan tich phuang sai (ANOVA test hoac F test)
nen can tinh phuang sai cua mii
16
(khac vd'i vi
du 1, ta tinh sai si chuan). Gia thiit, sau thi
nghiem,
ta thu dugc cac kit qua nhu sau:
Ham
lira'ng
acid ascorbic
(mg/100
g tuyin
thipang thian)
va
phirvng
sai cua cac
16
Thong so
Che pham
chuan S
Che pham
thLH
T Tong
Trj trung

binh
Phu'cng
sai
(V)
Lieu
thap
Si
332,0
1026,7
Lieu
cao
S2
248,4
483,8
Lieu
thap
ti
323,9
725,0
Lieu
cao
f2
244,0
718,7
so
1148,3
2954,2
Den day, ta phai xac djnh tinh c6 gia tri
(validity) cua thu nghiem dung
ph6p

phan tich
phuang sai hoac "Phep nghiem F". Niu phep
thu
khdng
eo y nghTa thing ke, thi thu nghiem
kh6ng c6 gia trj va phai tiin hanh lai thi nghiem.
Niu phep thu c6 y nghTa thing ke, thi tinh eo
gia trj (validity) cua thu nghiem dat yeu ciu, lue
d6,
ta mo'i dugc tinh hoat lue va cac gia trj tin
cay cua hoat
lue
so
vd'i
thuoc chuan S.
Trong vi du nay, niu thyc hien
"Ph6p
nghiem
F",
ta xac djnh dugc ty so F = 90,5 tuc
la xac suit thing ke rit c6 y nghTa vd'i P <
0,01.
Sau khi da xac djnh dugc thu nghiem dat yeu
ciu,
ta
mo'i
tinh hoat lye cua miu thu T so
va\
miu ehuin S. Kit qua tinh toan cho thay, hoat
lye cua mau corticotrophin dem thu la

1,11
U/mg, tuc la hoat
lue
cua miu thu T cao hgn
hoat lye cua miu ehuin S, hay n6i mot
each
khac, miu
thCp
T thyc chit c6 hoat
lye
cao han
hoat
lue
ghi tren nhan. Gio'i han tin
c$y
trong
truo'ng hgp nay tinh dugc la tu 0,82 din 1,51
U/mg. Ta biiu thi hoat
lye
P (tu
chij
potency)
cua miu thu T
(Pj)
nhu sau:
PT
= 1,11 (0,82-1,51)
U/mg
a
P = 0,05,

TAP CHi DUQC HQC -
11/2009
(SO 403 NAM 49)
Quan
ly -
Trao
doi
Qua
2 vi du da
n§u
6'
tren,
ta
thay
thuSt nglj
"test" trong thong
ke hoc
nen dugc chuyen nglj
la "phep nghiem".
Sau day la
bang
ghi mpt si
chuyin
ngu cua
thuat
nglj
"test" trong thong
ke
sinh
hoc

(bang
1).
Bang
1:
Thuat
ngu
"test" trong thing
ke
3uoc
chuyin nglj
la
"phep nghiem"
Thuat
ngO tl4ng
Anh
Chuyen
ngO
sang tieng Viet
Student s
t
test
ttest
ANOVA test
Ftest
•/.^
test
Bartlett's test
Cochran's test
Duncan's test
Hartley's test

Phep nghiem
t
ciia
Student
Phep nghiem
t
Phep nghiem ANOVA
Phep nghiem
F
Phep nghiem
/^
Phep nghiem Bartlett
Phep nghiem Cochran
Phep nghiem Duncan
Phep nghiem Hartley
Ghi
ehu:
Student
6' day
khdng
phai
la
"sinh
vien"
ma
la
ten
dugc Gaddum dung
khi xay
dung

nen
"phep nghiem"
nay
ANOVA
la
chiJ
viit
tit
cua
Analysis
of
Variances
tuc la
phep phan tich phuang
sai
F test
la
"phep nghiem
F"
cung
la
each
gpi
khac
cua
phep nghiem ANOVA.
Cac
each
chuyen
ngO'

thuat
ngu'
"test"
tie ti4ng
Anh sang tieng Viet
Test
du'O'c
chuyin
ngO
la
"thCp",
"SLF
thiF"
Cach chuyin ngij chinh
cua
thuat ngij "test"
tu tiing
Anh
sang tiing Viet
la
"thu".
Niu
"test"
la
danh
tu
ehi
sy
viec hoac hoat
d6ng

thi nen
chuyin ngij
la "sy thu",
"viec
thu". Niu
"test"
la
danh
tu
dung
truo'C
mot
danh
tu
khac,
lam
nhiem
VU
tinh
ngu cho
danh
tu do, tru m6t vai
truang
hgp
dae
biet,
ta nen
chuyin ngij sang tiing Viet
la
"thO-",

Mot si vi du
dugc
neu
trong bang
2.
Bang
2:
Thuat
ngiJ
"test"
lam
nhiem
vu
tinh
ngu dugc chuyin ngij
la "thu"
Bang
4:
Thuat
ngu
"test"
d\jfCfc
chuyin ngij
la
Thuat
ngO tifing
Anh
ChuySn ngif
sang
tiSng

Viet
test solution
test substance
test preparation
test tube
test pilot
test flight
test match
test paper
dung djch
thif
chit thLP
che pham
thi>
6ng
thi>.
dng
nghiem
phi
cong
lai thCp
(may bay moi)
chuyen
bay
thi>
tran
dSu thi>
giay
thup
{vi du

gily
quy)
Test du'O'c chuyen
ngu' la
"thLF
nghiem",
"phep
thup",
"phep nghiem"
Test dugc chuyin
ngij'
la
"phep
thu" khi
test
la danh
tu
chi
m6t
phuang phap
c6 quy
trinh
quy
tic
nhit
djnh.
Co thi neu mpt si
"Phep
thu"
trong Dugc diin duge chuyin ngij

tij
thuat
ngu
"test" trong tiing
Anh
(bang
3).
Bang
3:
Thuat
ngiJ
"test" dugc chuyin
ngu'
la "phep
thu"
trong Dugc diin
Thuat
ngCf
tieng
Anh
trong Du'O'c
dien
Chuyen
ngO
sang tieng
Viet
Test
for
abnormal toxicity Phep
thu-

doc tinh bat
thu-ong
Test
for
bacterial endotoxin Phep
thi>
noi doc
to vi
khuan
Test
for
depressor substances Phep
lhi>
cac
chit
ha
ap
Test
for
histamine Phep
thi>
histamin
Test
for
pyrogens
'* "
'
Phep
thii
cac

chit
gay s6t
Test
for
sterility Phep
thLK v6
khuan
Microbial limit test Phep
thCf
giai han
vi
sinh vat
Trong thyc
ti
hien
nay, eo
nhiiu trudng
hgp,
thuat
ngu
"test" cung
ehi
m6t
phuang
phap
thu
theo
mpt quy
trinh
quy

tic
nhit
djnh,
nhung
lai
dugc chuyin
ngij'
la
"thCp
nghiem".
Vi
du
mpt
phuang phap
di xac
djnh chit
do,
hoac
dung chit
d6 di xac
djnh
m6t
cai
khac. Chung
t6i nghT, trong nhung truo'ng
hgp nhu vay, niu
chuyin
ngit'
la
"phep

thu"
cung
tit han va
danh
chuyin
nglj
"thu
nghiem"
cho
thuat nglj "assay"
trong tiing
Anh. Tuy
nhien,
niu
dung chuyen
ngO
"thu
nghiem"
thi van c6 thi
dugc.
Sau day
la
mpt si vi du
(bang
4).
thLP
nghiem" hoac "phep
thCp"
Thuat
ngO

tieng
Anh
Chuyen
ngi>
la
"thup
nghiem'"
Chuyen
ngO
la
"phep
thi>"
Acetic acid test
Acetone test
Agglutination test
Allergy test
Aminopyrine test
Bone conduction test
Capillary resistance test
Dark adaptation test
Dark room test
Heel-knee test
Histamine test
Latex test
Thu nghiem acid acetic
ThLP nghiem aceton
ThLP nghiem
ngung
kit
ThiJ

nghiem
di
i>ng
ThLP nghiem aminopyrin
Thi>
nghiem
dan
truyen
xipcng
Thij
nghiem
sue
ben mao
mach
ThLP nghiem thich LPng bong
toi
ThLP nghiem phong
toi
ThLP nghiem
got
chan-khap gii
ThLP nghiem histamin
Thij
nghiem latex
Phep thLP acid acetic
Phep thLP aceton
Phep thLP ngung
kit
Phep
thijdi

ung
Phep
thu
aminopyrin
Phep thLP
din
truyin
xuang
Phep thLP
sue
bin mao
mach
Phep
thu
thich
ung
bong
toi
Phep
thu
phong
toi
Phep
thi>
got
chan-khap gii
Phep
thu
histamin
Phep

thu
latex
(Xem Hep
Irang 58)
TAP
CHi
DUOC HOC
-
11/2009
(SO 403 NAM 49)