Privacy, Property and Personality docx

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Privacy, Property and Personality
The protection of privacy and personality is one of the most fascinating
issues confronting any legal system. This book provides a detailed
comparative analysis of the laws relating to commercial exploitation of
personality in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United
States. It examines the difficulties in reconciling privacy and personality
with intellectual property rights in an individual’s identity and in balan-
cing such rights with the competing interests of freedom of expression
and freedom of competition. The discrete patterns of development in
the major common law and civil law jurisdictions are outlined, together
with an analysis of the basic models of protection.
The analysis will be useful for lawyers in legal systems which have yet
to develop a sophisticated level of protection for interests in personality.
Equally, lawyers in systems that provide a higher level of protection will
benefit from the comparative insights into determining the nature and
scope of intellectual property rights in personality, particularly questions
relating to assignment, licensing, and post-mortem protection.
H
UW B EVERLEY-SMITH is a Solicitor in the Brands, Technology,
Media and Telecommunications Department at Field Fisher Waterhouse
in London. He is also the author of The Commercial Appropriation of
Personality (Cambridge 2002).
A
NSGAR OHLY is Professor of Civil Law and Intellectual Property Law
in the Faculty of Law and Economics at the University of Bayreuth,
Germany. Until 2002 he was the head of the Commonwealth
Department of the Max-Planck Institute for Intellectual Property,
Competition and Tax Law, Munich.

A
GNE
`
S L UCAS-SCHLOETTER is Lecturer in French law at the
Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany. Until 2003 she
was a researcher at the Max-Planck Institute for Intellectual Property,
Competition and Tax Law, Munich.

Cambridge Studies in Intellectual Property Rights
As its economic potential has rapidly expanded, intellectual property has
become a subject of front-rank legal importance. Cambridge Studies in
Intellectual Property Rights is a series of monograph studies of major
current issues in intellectual property. Each volume contains a mix of
international, European, comparative and national law, making this a
highly significant series for practitioners, judges and academic research-
ers in m any countries.
Series editor
William R. Cornish, Herchel Smith Professor of Intellectual Property
Law, University of Cambridge
Advisory editors
Franc¸ois Dessemontet, Professor of Law, University of Lausanne
Paul Goldstein, Professor of Law, Stanford University
The Rt Hon. Sir Robin Jacob, Court of Appeal, England
A list of books in the series can be found at the end of this volume.

Privacy, Property
and Personality
Civil Law Perspectives on Commercial
Appropriation
Huw Beverley-Smith

Ansgar Ohly
Agne`s Lucas-Schloetter
camʙʀɪdɢe uɴɪveʀsɪtʏ pʀess
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cʙ2 2ʀu, UK
First published in print format
ɪsʙɴ-13 978-0-521-82080-6
ɪsʙɴ-13 978-0-511-13477-7
© Huw Beverley-Smith, Ansgar Ohly and Agne`s Lucas-Schloetter 2005
2005
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521820806
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
ɪsʙɴ-10 0-511-13477-0
ɪsʙɴ-10 0-521-82080-4
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of uʀʟs
for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not
guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
hardback
eBook (EBL)
eBook (EBL)
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Contents
Preface page ix
Table of cases xi
Table of statutes xxv

List of abbreviations xxx
1 Introduction 1
The commercial value of aspects of personality 1
Commercial and non-commercial interests 2
Personality, privacy and intellectual property 3
Competing doctrinal bases of protection 4
Synopsis 11
2 Property, personality and unfair competition in England
and Wales, Australia and Canada 13
Introduction 13
Liability based on misrepresentation: the tort of passing off in English
and Australian law 15
Liability based on misappropriation: the Canadian tort of appropriation
of personality 35
Conclusions 46
3 Privacy and personality in the common law systems 47
Introduction 47
From property to inviolate personality 48
Inviolate personality and the accretion of proprietary attributes 52
Conceptions of privacy 53
Reconciling privacy and commercial exploitation 64
The scope and limits of the right of publicity 68
Privacy in English law 75
Conclusion 93
4 German law 94
Introduction 94
History 96
Substantive legal protection 105
Post-mortem protection 124
Assignment and licensing 129

Remedies 138
vii
5 French law 147
Framework and history 147
Protection of economic interests 156
Protection of non-economic interests 167
Remedies providing for prevention or cessation of
the infringement: injunctions 181
Remedies providing for legal redress 185
Transfer 191
6 Conclusions 206
Introduction 206
Common features and contrasts 207
The three basic models of protection 212
Property, intellectual property and personality 214
Privacy, freedom of expression and commercial appropriation
under the European Convention on Human Rights 217
Conclusions: A gradual convergence? 224
Bibliography 227
Index 239
viii Contents
Preface
The protection of privacy and personality is one of the most fascinating
issues confronting any legal system. It has attracted the attention of a
number of distinguished academics, practitioners and judges in the major
legal systems and there is an increasingly rich comparative jurisprudence.
The relationship between privacy and commerci al exploitation of an
individual’s attributes in advertising and merchandising is long-standing
and provided the background for the developing law of privacy in several
jurisdictions. Nevertheless, it has received relatively limited attention

when compared to other aspects of privacy and is often regarded as
being the more proper concern of intellectual property law. This book
provides a detailed analysis of the different ways in which the major
common law and civil law jurisdictions have responded to demands for
protection of attributes of an individual’s personality and the difficulties
in reconciling privacy, persona lity and intellectual property.
Inevitably a balance has to be struck between breadth and depth of
coverage and we do not attempt to give a full account of all European
legal systems. Rather, we have chosen four jurisdictions, England and
Wales, the United States, Germany and France, which represent the
most important approaches to the problem of commercial expl oitation.
Some jurisdictions, most notably England and Wales, are only begin-
ning to address the issue of protecting attributes of personality from
unauthorised commercial exploitation. Systems that are at a more
advanced stage of evolution and offer a higher basic level of protection
such as France and Germany have rather more intricate problems to
confront in determining the nature and scope of the various personality
rights. While a surprising number of common themes and patterns of
development emerge the differences in structure and emphasis between
the individual chapters reflect both the discrete stages of evolution in
each jurisdiction and the fundamental differences betw een the legal
systems surveyed. An awareness of these differences and the challenges
faced by neighbouring jurisdictions can only help in identifying the most
ix
appropriate conceptual models of protection and the nature and scope of
such intangible rights.
Our foremost debt of gratitude is to Professor W. R. Cornish for his
unfailing support and enthusiasm for the project and for reading and
commenting on the draft chapters. We woul d also like to thank Finola
O’Sullivan and the staff at Cambridge University Press for their help,

support and patience as this collaborative comparative work, combining
the efforts of three lawyers in separate jurisdictions took rather longer
than expected to bring to fruition. Any errors, omissions or idiosyncrasies
are entirely the responsibility of the authors.
x Preface
Table of cases
Australian cases
Australian Broadcasting Corp.v.Lenah Game Meats Pty Ltd (2001) 185 ALR 1 88
Children’s Television Workshop Inc.v.Woolworths (New South Wales) Ltd [1981] RPC
187 23
Cognagra Inc v. McCain Foods (Aust.) Pty Ltd (1972) 23 IPR 193 16
Henderson v. Radio Corp. Pty Ltd [1969] RPC 218 7, 17, 21, 27, 28, 31, 35
Hexagon Pty Ltd v. Australian Broadcasting Commission (1975) 7 ALR 233 13
Hogan v. Koala Dundee Pty Ltd (1988) 83 ALR 187 25–6
Honey v. Australian Airlines Ltd (1989) ATPR 40–961, affirmed (1990) 18 IPR 185 18,
24, 28
Hutchence v. South Seas Bubble Co. Pty Ltd (1986) 64 ALR 330 18, 23
Moorgate Tobacco Co. Ltd v. Philip Morris Ltd (No. 2) (1984) 56 CLR 414 6, 13
Pacific Dunlop Ltd v. Hogan (1989) 87 ALR 14 18, 24, 33
Paracidal Pty Ltd v. Herctum Pty Ltd (1983) 4 IPR 201 18, 23
Pinky’s Pizza Ribs on the Run Pty Ltd v. Pinky’s Seymour Pizz & Pasta Pty Ltd (1997) ATPR
41–600 28
Sony Music Australia Ltd & Michael Jackson v. Tansing (1994) 27 IPR 649 39
Taco Bell Pty Ltd v. Taco Co. of Australia Inc. (1981) 42 ALR 177 27
Talmax Pty Ltd v. Telstra Corp. Ltd (1996) ATPR 41–535, 26, 31
Tenth Cantanae Pty Ltd v. Shoshana Pty Ltd (1987) 79 ALR 279 18, 24, 28, 35, 39
TGI Friday’s Australia Pty Ltd v. TGI Friday’s Inc. (1999) 45 IPR 43 27
Twentieth Century Fox Corp.v.South Australian Brewing Co Ltd (1996) 34 IPJ 225 26, 31
Uren v. John Fairfax & Sons Pty Ltd (1965–1966) 117 CLR 118 81
Victoria Park Racing and Recreation Grounds Co Ltd v. Taylor (1937) 58 CLR 479 13,

14, 80
Vieright Pty Ltd v. Myer Stores Ltd (1995) 31 IPR 361 27
Willard King Pty Ltd v. United Telecasters Ltd [1981] 2 NSWLR 547 13
Canadian cases
Athans v. Canadian Adventure Camps Ltd (1977) 80 DLR (3d) 583, 7, 39, 40, 42,
43, 45
Aubry v. E
´
ditions Vice-Versa Inc. (1988) 78 CPR (3d) 289, 44
xi
Baron Philippe de Rothschild, SA v. La Casa de Habana Inc. (1987) 19 CPR (3d) 114 40,
42, 45
Dowell et al.v.Mengen Institute (1983) 72 CPR (2d) 238 40, 42
Gould Estate v. Stoddart Publishing Co. (1997) 30 OR (3d) 520 44
Heath v. Weist-Barron School of Television Canada Ltd (1981) 62 CPR (2d) 92 40, 42, 45
Holdke v. Calgary Convention Centre (2000) ACWS (3d) 1281 (Alberta Provincial
Court) 42, 45
Horton v. Tim Donut Ltd (1998) 75 CPR (3d) 451 40, 41, 44
Joseph v. Daniels (1986) 11 CPR (3d) 544 40, 45
Krouse v. Chrysler Canada Ltd (1972) 25 DLR (3d) 49 36–9, 40, 42–3
Krouse v. Chrysler Canada Ltd (1973) 40 DLR (3d) 15 7, 40, 42
Lipiec v. Borsa (1977) 31 CCLT 294 36
Lord v. McGregor (British Columbia Supreme Court, 10 May 2000) 36
Mackay v. Buelow (1995) 24 CCLT (2d) 184 36
Racine v. C. J. R. C. Radio Capitale Ltee (1977) 35 CPR (2d) 236 40, 42, 45
Roth v. Roth (1992) 9 CCLT (2d) 141 36
Walt Disney Productions Ltd v. Triple Corp. (1992) 93 DLR (4th) 739 27
Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights
Burghartz v. Switzerland (1994) 18 EHRR 101 218
Chappell v. United Kingdom (1990) 12 EHRR 1 218

Cossey v. United Kingdom (1990) 13 EHRR 622 220
Costello-Roberts v. United Kingdom (1995) 19 EHRR 112 218
Dudgeon v. United Kingdom (1982) 4 EHRR 149 218
Fressoz v. France (2001) 31 EHRR 28 92
Handyside v. United Kingdom (1979–80) 1 EHRR 737 219
Hertel v. Switzerland (1999) 28 EHRR 534 220
Jacubowski v. Germany (1995) 19 EHRR 64 219
Jersild v. Denmark (1994) 19 EHRR 1 92
Malone v. United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 14 218
Markt Intern and Beermann v. Germany (1990) 12 EHRR 161 219
Muller v. Switzerland (1991) 13 EHRR 212 219
Murray v. United Kingdom (1995) 19 EHRR 193 220
Niemietz v. Germany (1993) 16 EHRR 97 218
Nilsen and Johnsen v. Norway (2000) 30 EHRR 878 219
Peck v. United Kingdom (2003) EHRR 287 225
Sunday Times v. United Kingdom (1979–80) 2 EHRR 245 219
xii Table of cases
Von Hannover v. Germany Application No 59320, 24 June 2004 104, 107, 218, 220–2
X and Church of Scientology v. Sweden Application No. 7805/77, 16 DR 68 (1979) 219
X and Y v. Netherlands (1985) 8 EHRR 235 220
X v. Iceland, 18 May 1976, (1976) 5 DR 86 218
X v. United Kingdom, Application No. 5877/72 220
Zana v. Turkey (1999) 27 EHRR 667 219
Decision of the European Court of Justice
Arsenal Football Club plc v. Reed [2003] 3 All ER (EC) 1 123
Davidoff v. Gofkid [2003] ETMR 534 ECJ 32
General Motors Corp. v. Yplon SA [1999] ETMR 122 32
Parfums Christian Dior SA v. Evora BV [1998] RPC 166 31, 32
Peck v. United Kingdom [2003] EMLR 287 89
SA CNL-Sucal NV v. HAG GF AG [1990] 3 CMLR 571 31

French Cases
CA Aix-en-Provence 20.12.1949, Bouchara, Dalloz 1950, jur. 220 200
CA Aix-en-Provence 21.5.1991, Raimu, Images Juridiques 1991, No. 89, p 3 156
CA Aix-en-Provence 30.11.2001, CCE 2003, Comm No 11, p 40 168
CA Bordeaux 9.1.2000, D. 2002, jur. 2372 170
CA Caen 21.7.2000, Le´gipresse 2000, No 175, III, 168 182
CA Grenoble 24.6.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 195, I, 118 204
CA Lyon, 8.7.1887, D. 1888, 2, 180 148
CA Nıˆmes 7.1.1988, JCP 1988, II, 21059 156, 191
CA Paris, 25.5.1867, Alexandre Dumas, S. 1867, 2, 41 195
CA Paris 8.7.1887, Ann.prop.ind. 1888, 287 117, 195
CA Paris 18-4-1888, Sarah Bernhardt, Ann. prop. ind. 1894, 351 1, 154
CA Paris, 27.12.1893, D. 1894, 2, 96 148
CA Paris, 4.8.1896, Ann. prop. ind. 1897, 112 148
CA Paris, 26.7.1900, Ann.prop.ind. 1902, 174 147
CA Paris 16.3.1955, Marlene Dietrich, D. 1955, jur. 295 151–2
CA Paris 26.6.1961, Aiton, Ann. prop. ind. 1962, 82 200
CA Paris 30.6.1961, D. 1962, jur. 208 152
CA Paris 13.3.1965, Ge´rard Philippe, JCP 1965, II, 14223 182
CA Paris 24.3.1965, JCP 1965, II, 14305 173
CA Paris 6.7.1965, Picasso, Gaz. Pal. 1966, 1, 39 152, 185
CA Paris 1.12.1965, Petula Clark, JCP 1966, II, 14711 190
CA Paris 17.3.1966, Trintignant, D. 1966, jur. 749 152, 194
CA Paris 22.11.1966, Gaz. Pal. 1966, 2, 141 184
CA Paris 15.5.1970, Jean Ferrat, D. 1970, jur. 466 170, 192, 194
CA Paris 21.12.1970, Antoine, JCP 1971, II, 16653 185, 192
CA Paris, 13.2.1971, JCP 1971, II, 16774 186
CA Paris 13.2.1971, Belmondo, JCP 1971, II, 16771 13
CA Paris 5.1.1972, D. 1972, jur. 445 184
CA Paris 15.1.1972, Gaz. Pal. 1972, I, 302 185

CA Paris 17.12.1973, Charlie Chaplin, D. 1975, jur. 120 188
CA Paris 16.2.1974, Johnny Halliday & Sylvie Vartan, JCP 1976, II, 18341 186, 188, 192
CA Paris 14.5.1975, D. 1975, jur. 687 183, 185
Table of cases xiii
CA Paris 14.5.1975, Deneuve, D. 1976, jur. 291 186
CA Paris 24.5.1975, D. 1975, jur. 488 171
CA Paris 5.6.1979, JCP 1980, II, 19343 186
CA Paris 9.11.1979, Le pull-over rouge, D. 1981, jur. 109 183
CA Paris 24.6.1980, Citroe¨n, D. 1980, jur. 583 183, 186
CA Paris 27.3.1981, D. 1981, jur. 324 186
CA Paris 13.10.1981, D. 1981, jur. 420 171, 178
CA Paris 28.1.1982, Chantal Goya, D. 1985, inf. rap. 165 174
CA Paris 3.11.1982, D. 1983, jur. 248 202
CA Paris 9.11.1982, D. 1984, jur. 30 156, 191, 194
CA Paris 26.4.1983, D. 1983, jur. 376 187, 188, 189
CA Paris 7.6.1983, Claude Franc¸ois, Gaz. Pal. 1984, 2, 531
CA Paris 14.6.1983, Johnny Halliday, D. 1984, jur. 75 191
CA Paris 24.2.1984, Gaz. Pal. 1984, somm. 370 178
CA Paris 7.3.1984, D. 1984, somm. 333 183
CA Paris 6.6.1984, D. 1985, inf rap. 18 169
CA Paris 8.11.1984, Bordas, Ann. prop. ind. 1985, 14 200
CA Paris 22.11.1984, Le Pen, D. 1985, inf. rap. , 165 174
CA Paris 20.3.1985, D. 1985, somm. 324 194
CA Paris 19.2.1985, Alain Delon, D. 1985, somm. 321 192, 194
CA Paris 26.2.1986, D. 1986, somm. 447 170
CA Paris 13.3.1986, Yannick Noah, D. 1986, somm. 445 175
CA Paris 11.6.1986, Villemin, D. 1987, jur. 107 185
CA Paris 26.6.1986, D. 1987, somm. 136 170
CA Paris 13.11.1986, D. 1986, somm. 139 170
CA Paris 12.1.1987, D. 1987, somm. 386 171

CA Paris 11.2.1987, D. 1987, somm. 385 173
CA Paris 3.4.1987, Fignon, D. 1987, somm. 384 178, 191
CA Paris 19.6.1987, Le Pen, JCP 1988, II, 20957 174, 184
CA Paris 22.10.1987, Isabelle Adjani, D. 1988, somm. 198 175
CA Paris 28.12.1987, D. 1989, somm. 91 183
CA Paris 14.1.1988, Brigitte Bardot, D. 1989, somm.92 188
CA Paris 7.6.1988, D. 1988, inf rap. 224 195
CA Paris 5.7.1988, D. 1990, somm. 239 194
CA Paris 14.9.1988, RDPI 1988, No 20, 89 200
CA Paris 3.10.1988, Johnny Halliday, D. 1988, inf. rap. 260 192
CA Paris 28.11.1988, D. 1989, jur. 410 187
CA Paris 7.2.1989, D. 1990, jur. 124 171
CA Paris, 28.2.1989, Johnny Halliday, JCP 1989, II, 21325 192
CA Paris 23.1.1990, Brigitte Bardot, D. 1990, inf.rap.62 192
CA Paris 2.5.1990, Ann prop ind 1992, 32 200
CA Paris 17.12.1991, D. 1992, jur. 245 183
CA Paris 19.5.1992, JCP 1992, IV, 2345 202
CA Paris 2.2.1993, D. 1993, inf rap. 118 156
CA Paris 8.11.1993, Ann prop ind 1994, 206 194
CA Paris 23.11.1993, Le´gipresse 1994, No 114, II, 132 202
CA Paris 11.5.1994, D. 1995, jur. 186 156
CA Paris 20.3.1995, D. 1995, inf rap. 140 170
CA Paris 17.4.1996, D. 1997, somm. 75 186
CA Paris 10.9.1996, 171 RIDA (1997) 353 156, 167
CA Paris 16.9.1999, 171 RIDA (1997) 345 204
CA Paris 6.5.1997, D. 1997, jur. 597 202
CA Paris 27.5.1997, JCP 1997, II, 22894, D. 1998, somm. 85 203
CA Paris 27.5.1997, Mitterrand, D. 1998, somm.86 175, 202
CA Paris 2.7.1997, D. 1997, jur. 596 203
xiv Table of cases

CA Paris 5.12.1997, D. 1998, inf rap. 32 170
CA Paris 24.2.1998, Erignac, D. 1998, jur. 225 179–80
CA Paris 18.6.1998, D. 1998, inf rap. 204 170
CA Paris 10.10.1998, D. 1998, inf rap. 259 171
CA Paris 5.12.1998, D. 1990, somm. 239 187
CA Paris 22.3.1999, CCE 1999, comm. No 35, p 25 194
CA Paris 15.9.1999, D. 2000, jur. 801 171
CA Paris 20.6.2001, CCE 2002, comm. No 49, p 35 190
CA Paris 27.9.2001, D. 2002, somm. 2764; CCE 2002, comm. No 15, 39 181
CA Paris 31.10.2001, CCE 2002, comm. No 50, p 36 183
CA Paris 7.11.2001, D. 2002, jur. 2373 170
CA Paris 7.11.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 187, I, 158 177
CA Paris 4.4.2002, CCE 2003, comm. No 11, p 40 194
CA Pau 22.1.2001, D. 2002, 2375 168
CA Toulouse 10.12.2002, Fabien Barthez,Le´gipresse 2003, No. 202, III, 103 193
CA Versailles 14.9.1989, Gaz. Pal. 1990, 1, somm. 123 178
CA Versailles 31.1.1991, Belmondo, Gaz. Pal. 1992, 2, 534 174
CA Versailles 6.3.1991, Ann prop ind 1991, 153 200
CA Versailles 30.6.1994, D. 1995, jur. 645 169
CA Versailles 2.10.1996, D. 1998, somm. 79 183
CA Versailles 7.12.2000, Caroline de Bendern,Le´gipresse 2001, No. 179, III, 35 179
CA Versailles 11.10.2001, Le´gipresse 2002, No 189, I, 21 194
CA Versailles 22.11.2001, Depardieu c. Paris-Match,Le´gipresse 2002, No 189, I, 29 175
CA Versailles 22.11.2001, Le´gipresse 2002, No 189, III, 37 177
CA Versailles 31.1.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 192, I, 68 173
CA Versailles 21.3.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 193, III, 137 156, 190
CA Versailles 2.5.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 192, I, 69 156, 191
CA Versailles 27.6.2002, Epoux de Hanovre c. Hachette Filipacchie,Le´gipresse 2002, No 194,
I, 110 175
CA Versailles 16.1.2003, Le´gipresse 2003, No 203, I, 106 170

Cass. civ. 16.3.1841, S. 1841, 1, 535 148
Cass. civ. 14.3.1900, Whistler, S. 1900, I, 489 183
Cass. civ. 27.11.1963, Rothschild, JCP 1965, II, 14443 182
Cass. civ. 12.7.1966, Ge´rard Philippe, D. 1967, jur. 181 182
Cass. civ. 19.12.1967, D. 1968, jur. 277 171
Cass. civ. 26.5.1970, D. 1970, jur. 520 171
Cass. civ. 2.1.1971, Gunther Sachs, D. 1971, jur. 263 15, 152
Cass. civ. 18.5.1972, Les e´crous de la haine, JCP 1972, II, 17209 185
Cass. civ. 3.12.1980, D. 1981, jur. 221 174
Cass. civ. 13.2.1985, D. 1986, somm. 51 174
Cass. civ. 17.11.1987, Bull civ 1987, I, No 301 189
Cass. civ. 31.1.1989, D. 1989, inf rap. 48 184
Cass. civ. 20.11.1990, JCP 1992, II, 21908 179
Cass. civ. 28.5.1991, D. 1992, jur. 213 171
Cass. civ. 20.10.1993, D. 1994, jur. 594 171
Cass. civ. 16.7.1998, D. 1999, jur. 541 153
Cass. civ. 6.10.1998, D. 1999, somm. 376 170
Cass. civ. 14.12.1999, JCP 2000, II, 10241 203
Cass. civ. 25.1.2000, D. 2000, somm. 271 153, 173
Cass. civ. 30.5.2000, Johnny Halliday, JCP 2001, II, 10524 193
Cass. civ. 30.5.2000, D. 2001, somm. 1989 194
Cass. civ. 12.12.2000, JCP 2001, II, 10572, D. 2001, jur. 2064 173
Cass. civ. 12.12.2000, Consort Smet c. Prisma Presse, D. 2001, somm. 1987 187
Cass. civ. 20.12.2000, Erignac, JCP 2001, II, 10488 5, 179–80
Table of cases xv
Cass. civ. 20.2.2001, Attentat Saint-Michel, D. 2001, jur. 1199, JCP 2001, II, 10533 5,
177, 180, 181
Cass. civ. 12.7.2001, D. 2002, jur. 1380; JCP 2002, II, 10152 5, 177, 181
Cass. civ. 3.4.2002, Ste´phanie Grimaldi,Le´gipresse 2002, No. 195, III, 170 193
Cass. civ. 9.7.2003, Chandernagor,Le´gipresse 2003, No. 205, I, 142 174

Cass. civ.13.11.2003, Le´gipresse 2004, No 208,1, 5 5, 181
Cass. civ. 20.11.2003, Le´gipresse 2004, No 209, I, 32 203
Cass. civ. 11.12.2003, Le´gipresse 2004, No 209, III, 28 177
Cass. civ. 18.12.2003, D. 2004, inf rap. 254 172
Cass. com. 12.3.1985, JCP 1985, II, 20400, D. 1985, jur. 471 200
Cass. com. 27.2.1990, JCP 1990, II, 21545 200
Cass. com. 6.5.2003, Ducasse, D. 2003, jur. 2228, JCP 2003, II, 10169 156
Cass. crim. 28.2.1874, S. 1874, 1, 233 149, 170
Cass. crim. 27.5.1972, D. 1972, somm. 179 186
Cass. crim., 21.10.1980, D. 1981, jur. 72 203
Cass. crim. 16.3.1994, JCP 1995, II, 22547 172
Cass. crim. 20.10.1998, D. 1999, jur. 106; JCP 1999 203
Conseil d’ E
´
tat, 23.12.1815, S. 1815–1818, 2, 83 148
TGI Aix-en-Provence 24.11.1988, Raimu, JCP 1989, II, 21329 156, 204
TGI Bordeaux 19.4.1988, D. 1989, jur. 93 187
TGI Lyon 17.12.1980, D. 1981, jur. 202 156, 191
TGI Marseille(re´f) 18.1.1974, Gaz. Pal. 1974, I, 282 184
TGI Marseille 29.9.1982, D. 1984, jur. 64 171
TGI Marseille 8.6.1984, D. 1985, somm. 323 156
TGI Marseille 11.10.2002, Le´gipresse 2003, No 198, I, 6 194
TGI Nancy (re´f) 15.10.1976, Giscard d’Estaing, JCP 1977, II, 18526 178
TGI Nanterre 18.1.1995, Gaz. Pal. 1995, I, 279 179
TGI Nanterre 15.2.1995, Gaz. Pal. 1995, I, 284 194
TGI Nanterre 6.4.1995, Cantona, Gaz. Pal. 1995, I, 285 156, 178
TGI Nanterre 12.8.1996, D. 1998, somm. 79 182
TGI Nanterre 24.8.1996, D. somm. 79 182
TGI Nanterre 3.3.1999, Le´gipresse 1999, No 162, I, 75 193
TGI Nanterre 15.7.1999, D. 2000, somm. 272 177

TGI Nanterre 8.2.2000, Le´gipresse 2001, No 182, I, 78 170
TGI Nanterre 12.7.2000, Princesse Caroline de Monaco et Prince Ernst-August de Hanovre c.
Ste´ Hachette Filipachi Presse, CCE 2001, comm. No 69, p 36 183
TGI Nanterre 12.12.2000, Le´gipresse 2001, No 180, I, 45 170
TGI Nanterre 20.12.2000, Claire Chazal,Le´gipresse 2001, No. 179, I, 30 193
TGI Nanterre 27.2.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 182, I, 78 189
TGI Nanterre 27.3.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 184, 108 171
TGI Nanterre 24.4.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 183, I, 94 179
TGI Nanterre 29.10.2001, Le´gipresse 2002, No 188, I, 13 177
TGI Nanterre 5.11.2001, Le´gipresse 2002, No 188, I, 13 175, 181
TGI Nanterre(re´f) 12.11.2001, Odispo c. Prisma Presse,Le´gipresse 2002, No. 188, I,
14 189, 192, 193
TGI Nanterre 12.12.2001, Alain Delon,Le´gipresse 2002, No. 189, I, 30 193
TGI Nanterre 3.6.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 194, I, 101 177, 181
TGI Nanterre 1.7.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 197, I, 158 177
TGI Nanterre 23.10.2002, Le´gipresse 2003, No 199, I, 23 156
TGI Nanterre 28.10.2002, Le´gipresse 2003, No 200, I, 42 181
TGI Nanterre 15.1.2003, Le´gipresse 2003, No 200, I, 45 192
TGI Nanterre 26.2.2003, Le´gipresse 2003, No 200, I, 42 181
TGI Paris 24.11.1965, Bardot, JCP 1966, II, 14521 167
TGI Paris 18.3.1966, D. 1966, jur. 566 152
xvi Table of cases
TGI Paris(re´f) 27.2.1970, Papillon, JCP 1970, II, 16293 185
TGI Paris(re´f) 4.4.1970, Pompidou, JCP 1970, II, 16328 178, 183, 184
TGI Paris 8.7.1970, Les e´crous de la haine, JCP 1970, II, 16550 174, 183
TGI Paris(re´f) 23.1.1971, JCP 1971, II, 16758 185
TGI Paris 19.5.1971, 75 RIDA (1973) 143 171
TGI Paris 16.2.1973, D. 1973, inf rap. 212 194
TGI Paris 28.2.1973, JCP 1973, II, 17401 183
TGI Paris 11.7.1973, JCP 1974, II, 17600 194

TGI Paris 22.11.1973, D. 1975, jur. 168 184
TGI Paris 27.2.1974, 83 RIDA (1975) 114 167, 170, 173
TGI Paris 8.5.1974, Serge Gainsbourg & Jane Berkin, 83 RIDA (1975) 116 192
TGI Paris(re´f) 28.6.1974, Alain Delon & Mireille Darc,D.1974,jur. 751 170, 184, 192
TGI Paris 3.7.1974, JCP 1974, II, 17873 177
TGI Paris(re´f) 24.2.1975, Leprince-Ringuet, D. 1975, jur. 438 174
TGI Paris(re´f) 3.12.1975, Pie´plu, D. 1977, jur. 211 3, 156, 169, 191
TGI Paris(re´f) 22.12.1975, JCP 1976, II, 18410 183
TGI Paris 26.12.1975, JCP 1976, II, 18385 182
TGI Paris 26.2.1976, JCP 1977, IV, 257 194
TGI Paris 2.6.1976, D. 1977, jur. 364 186
TGI Paris 12.11.1976, JCP 1977, II, 18695 183
TGI Paris 11.1.1977, JCP 1977, II, 18711 202
TGI Paris(re´f) 25.1.1977, Gaz. Pal. 1977, 2, somm. 276 184
TGI Paris 20.4.1977, D. 1977, jur. 610 188
TGI Paris(re´f) 11.7.1977, Le´on Zitrone, D. 1977, jur. 700 184
TGI Paris(re´f) 3.9.1980, 107 RIDA (1981) 174 184
TGI Paris 14.11.1980, D. 1981, jur. 163 184, 186
TGI Paris(re´f) 27.3.1981, D. 1981, jur. 324 184
TGI Paris 8.7.1981, Faurisson, D. 1982, jur. 59 174
TGI Paris 21.10.1981, JCP 1982, II, 19794 184
TGI Paris 19.5.1982, D. 1983, jur. 147; JCP 1983, II, 19955 202
TGI Paris(re´f) 31.1.1983, D. 1984, jur. 48 183
TGI Paris 20.4.1983, JCP 1985, II, 20434 178
TGI Paris 27.4.1983, Revue critique du droit international prive´ 1983, 670 186
TGI Paris 6.5.1983, Papon, D. 1984, jur. 14 174
TGI Paris 25.5.1983, D. 1984, somm. 332 183, 186
TGI Paris(re´f) 30.11.1983, D. 1984, jur. 111 185
TGI Paris 21.12.1983, Noah, Gaz. Pal. 1984, 2, somm 360 178, 191
TGI Paris(re´f) 31.1.1984, D. 1984, jur. 283 189

TGI Paris 3.5.1984, D. 1985, somm. 14 194
TGI Paris 4.7.1984, D. 1985, somm. 16 170
TGI Paris(ref) 17.9.1984, D. 1985, somm. 16 174
TGI Paris, 17.10.1984, Ge´rard Depardieu, D. 1985, somm. 324 169
TGI Paris 19.12.1984, Jane Birkin, Gaz. Pal. 1985, 2, somm. 398 192
TGI Paris 16.1.1985, Isabelle Adjani, Gaz. Pal. 1985, 2, somm. 399 192
TGI Paris(re´f) 14.5.1985, Giscard d’estaing, D. 1986, somm.52 183, 184
TGI Paris 23.10.1985, Gaz. Pal. 1987, 1, somm. 128 167
TGI Paris 8.1.1986, D. 1987, somm. 138 170
TGI Paris(re´f) 4.2.1986, D. 1987, somm. 140 185
TGI Paris 19.3.1986, D. 1986, somm. 446 175
TGI Paris 30.4.1986, Platini, D. 1987, somm. 137 156, 178, 191
TGI Paris 19.11.1986, Gaz. Pal. 1987, I, 18 183
TGI Paris 17.12.1986, Gaz. Pal. 1987, I, 283 188
TGI Paris 25.3.1987, D. 1988, somm. 198 178
TGI Paris(re´f) 17.6.1987, Le Pen, JCP 1988, II, 20957 174
TGI Paris 4.11.1987, D. 1988, somm. 199 178
Table of cases xvii
TGI Paris 18.11.1987, D. 1988, somm. 200 194
TGI Paris 1.6.1988, D. 1993, somm. 117 200
TGI Paris 25.1.1989, Gaz. Pal. 1992, 1, somm. 66 156
TGI Paris 8.3.1989, Christophe Lambert, Gaz. Pal. 1992, I, somm. 225 192
TGI Paris 2.6.1993, Robert Doisneau, Gaz. Pal. 1994, 1, 133 169
TGI Paris 5.7.1995, Yves Montand case, D. 1996, jur. 176 201
TGI Paris(re´f) 4.8.1995, 167 RIDA (1996) 291 156, 202, 204
TGI Paris(re´f) 18.1.1996, JCP 1996, II, 22589 203
TGI Paris 13.9.1996, D. 1998, comm. 79 182
TGI Paris 23.10.1996, Mitterrand, JCP 1997, II, 22844 188, 202
TGI Paris 13.1.1997, Mitterrand, D. 1997, jur. 255 187, 202, 203
TGI Paris 24.3.1997, Le´gipresse 1997, No 144, I, 99 171

TGI Paris 13.10.1997, Yann Piat, D. 1998, jur. 154 175
TGI Paris 5.5.1999, D. 2000, somm. 269 189
TGI Paris 8.9.1999, Prince de Hanovre, D. 2000, somm. 271 193
TGI Paris 22.9.1999, CCE 2000, comm. No 59, p 28 156
TGI Paris 12.9.2000, Le´gipresse 2001, No 180, I, 36 191
TGI Paris 14.3.2001, CCE 2001, comm. No 43, p 43 177
TGI Paris 14.5.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 184, I, 108 167, 170, 177
TGI Paris(re´f) 13.12.2001, CCE 2002, comm. No 50, p 36 183
TGI Paris 25.2.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 192, III, 109 179, 181
TGI Paris 13.3.2002, Barthez,Le´gipresse 2002, No. 193, I, 86 190
TGI Paris 3.4.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 197, I, 150 181
TGI Paris 16.10.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 197, I, 151 194
TGI Paris 4.12.2002, Le´gipresse 2003, No 204, I, 115 194
TGI Paris 11.12.2002, Petrucciani et Flory c. Prisma Press,Le´gipresse 2003, No 200, I,
50 193
TGI Paris 10.3.2003, Le´gipresse 2003, No 201, I, 68 170
TGI Paris 7.7.2003, Arielle Dombasle,Le´gipresse 2003, No. 207, III, 196 167
TGI Seine 9.10.1963, Gaz. Pal. 1964, I, 173 – Soraya 171
TGI Seine 4.10.1965, JCP 1965, II, 14482 174
TGI Seine 24.11.1965, Brigitte Bardot, JCP 1966, II, 14521
TGI Seine 23.6.1966, Blier, JCP 1966, II, 14875 152
TGI Seine(re´f) 2.11.1966, JCP 1966, II, 14875 195
TGI Strasbourg(re´f) 31.5.1989, D. 1989, somm. 357 202
TGI Toulouse(re´f) 8.3.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 191, I, 53 181
Trib. civ. Havre 9.2.1924, Gaz. Pal. 1924, 1, 643 148
Trib. civ. Nantes 18.12.1902, Gaz. Pal. 1903, I, 432 190
Trib. civ. Seine (re´f) 11.4.1855, Soeur Rosalie, Ann. prop. ind. 1860, 167 182
Trib. civ. Seine 16.6.1858, Rachel, D. 1858, 3, 62 147, 183, 202
Trib. civ. Seine 15.2.1882, S. 1884, 2, 22 148
Trib. civ. Seine 20.6.1884, Alexandre Dumas, Ann. prop. ind. 1888, 284 147, 148

Trib. civ. Seine 28.1.1896, Ann. prop. ind. 1897, 89 149
Trib. civ. Seine 30.4.1896, D. 1896, 2, 376 147
Trib. civ. Seine 11.3.1897, D. 1898, 2, 359 149
Trib. civ. Seine 10.2.1955, JCP 1955, II, 8678 190
Trib. com. Seine 8.6.1886 & CA Paris 18.4.1888, Sarah Bernahardt, Ann. prop. ind. 1894,
351 1, 154
Trib. com. Seine 26.2.1963, JCP 1963, II, 13364 173
German Cases
Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court)
BVerfG, 24 February 1971, BVerfGE 30, 173 – Mephisto 126
BVerfG, 14 February 1973, BVerfGE 34, 269 – Soraya 102, 103, 208
BVerfG, 5 June 1973, BVerfGE 35, 202 – Lebach 117
xviii Table of cases
BVerfG, 3 June 1980, BVerfGE 54, 148 – Eppler 115
BVerfG, 14 September 1989, BVerfGE 80, 367 – Tagebuch II 115
BVerfG, 15 December 1999, BVerfGE 101, 361 – Caroline von Monaco 104, 221
Reichsgericht (Supreme Court until 1945)
RGZ 41, 43 – Wagnerbriefe 125
RGZ 45, 170 – Bismarck 99
RGZ 51, 369 96, 99
RGZ 69, 401 216
RGZ 74, 308 – Graf Zeppelin 1, 3, 94, 95, 99–100, 110, 212
RGZ 79, 397 – Felseneiland mit Sirenen 112
RGZ 125, 80 – Tull Harder 100, 106
Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Supreme Court)
BGH, 25 May 1954, BGHZ 13, 334 – Schachtbrief 95, 100, 211
BGH, 8 May 1956, BGHZ 20, 345 – Paul Dahlke 102, 106, 140, 141, 143
BGH, 14 February 1958, BGHZ 26, 349 – Herrenreiter 101, 106, 118, 141, 144
BGH, 20 May 1958, BGHZ 27, 286 115
BGH, 5 December 1958, BGHZ 29, 33 135

BGH, 18 March 1959, BGHZ 30, 75 – Caterina Valente 3, 110, 118, 143
BGH, 9 October 1959, GRUR 1960, 144 – Bambi 120
BGH, 19 September 1961, BGHZ 35, 363 – Ginsengwurzel 118, 141, 145
BGH, 10 November 1961, GRUR 1962, 211 – Hochzeitsbild 106
BGH, 3 March 1963, BGHZ 39, 124 – Fernsehansagerin 118
BGH, 27 February 1963 – Micky Maus-Orangen 120
BGH, 20 February 1968, BGHZ 49, 288 – Ligaspieler 107
BGH, 20 March 1968, BGHZ 50, 133 – Mephisto 125–6
BGH, 19 June 1970, BGHZ 54, 188 – Telefonwerbung 1 115
BGH, 4 June 1974, GRUR 1974, 797 – Fiete Schulze 128, 139
BGH, 2 July 1974, GRUR 1975, 561 – Nacktaufnahmen 106
BGH, 10 May 1975, BGHZ 24, 200 – Spa¨theimkehrer 106, 114, 115
BGH, 6 February 1979, GRUR 1979, 425 – Fussballspieler 107
BGH, 26 June 1979, GRUR 1979, 732 – Fussballtor 106, 107, 141
BGH, 18 September 1979, BGHZ 75, 160 127
BGH, 27 November 1979, GRUR 1980, 259 – Walhlkampfphoto 118
BGH, 20 January 1981, NJW 1981, 1366 – Wallraff 115
BGH, 26 June 1981, BGHZ 81, 75 – Carrera 102
BGH, 9 February 1982, GRUR 1982, 318 – Schwarzer Filz 139
BGH, 8 November 1984, GRUR 1985, 876 – Tchibo/Rolex I 120
BGH, 14 October 1986, GRUR 1987, 128 – Nena 134, 141
BGH, 10 March 1987, GRUR 1987, 464 – BND-Interna 115
BGH, 8 June 1989, BGHZ 107, 384 – Emil Nolde 126
BGH, 14 April 1992, NJW 1992, 2084 – Joachim Fuchsberger 102
BGH, 23 September 1992, BGHZ 119, 237 – Universita¨tsemblem 109, 110, 132
BGH, 12 July 1994, GRUR 1994, 913 – Namensliste 117
BGH, 15 November 1994, BGHZ 128, 1 – Caroline von Monaco I 103–4, 139, 146
BGH, 14 November 1995, GRUR 1996, 195 – Gedenkmedaille 107
BGH, 19 December 1995, BGHZ 131, 332 – Caroline von Monaco II 103, 116, 220
BGH, 30 January 1996, NJW 1996, 1131 – Lohnkiller 142

BGH, 26 November 1996, NJW 1997, 1148 – Chefarzt 142
BGH, 1 December 1999, BGHZ 143, 214 – Marlene Dietrich I 4, 10, 102, 104–5, 106,
108, 120, 126, 127, 128, 130, 134, 144, 211, 216
BGH, 1 December 1999, GRUR 2000, 715 – Der blaue Engel 104, 106, 120
BGH, 27 January 2000, GRUR 2000, 818 – Telefonwerbung IV 115
BGH, 23 November 2000, GRUR 2001, 242 – Classe E 123
BGH, 2 November 2000, GRUR 2001, 329 – Gemeinkostenanteil 144
Table of cases xix
Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Supreme Court)
BGH, 22 November 2001, BGHZ 149, 191 – shell.de 111
BGH, 20 December 2001, GRUR 2002, 637 – Werbefinanzierte Telefongespra¨che 115
BGH, 14 May 2002, BGHZ 151, 26 – Marlene Dietrich II 104, 108
BGH, 13 June 2002, GRUR 2002, 1072 – SYLT-Kuh 123
BGH, 26 June 2003, BGHZ 155, 273 – maxem.de 109
BGH, 19 February 2004, GRUR 2004, 619 – kurt-biedenkopf.de 109
Oberlandesgerichte (Courts of Appeal)
Kammergericht (KG=OLG Berlin), 30 September 1980, UFITA 90 (1981) 163 –
Rocksa¨nger 107
KG, 8 February 1983, GRUR 1983, 507 – Totenmaske II 106
KG, 8 June 2002, AfP 2003, 434 115
OLG Dresden. 4 April 2000, NJW 2001, 615 – Johann Sebastian Bach 122
OLG Frankfurt, 23 February 1984, GRUR 1984, 520 – Schlu¨mpfe 120
OLG Hamburg, 21 May 1981, AfP 1982, 41 115
OLG Hamburg, 8 May 1989, GRUR 1989, 666 – Heinz Erhardt 119, 126, 209
OLG Hamburg, 8 December 1994, AfP 1996, 69 103
OLG Hamburg, 13 January 2004, MMR 2004, 413 – Oliver Kahn 106, 107
OLG Mu¨nchen, 21 December 1981, AfP 1982, 230 – amerikanische Liebesschulen 130
OLG Mu¨nchen, 28 July 1983, ZUM 1985, 448 – Sammelbilder 130
OLG Mu¨nchen, 6 July 1995, NJW-RR 1996, 1260 – The Beatles 123
Landgerichte (District Courts)

LG Hamburg, 25 April 2003, ZUM 2003, 689 – Oliver Kahn 106, 107
Bundespatentgericht (Federal Patents Court)
BPatG, 25 November 1997, BPatGE 40, 6 – Mona Lisa 122
Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court)
BVerwG, 8 February 1974, BVerwGE 44, 351 109
United Kingdom Cases
A v. B plc [2002] EWCA Civ 337; (2002) 2 All ER 545 77, 86, 87, 88, 93
American Cyanamid Co v. Ethicon Ltd [1975] AC 396 18
Anheuser Busch Inc v. Budejovicky Budvar NP [1984] FSR 413 16
Annabel’s (Berkeley Square) Ltd v. Schock [1972] RPC838 28
Argll v. Argyll [1967] Ch 302 86
Arsenal Football Club plc v. Reed [2003] 3 All ER 865 (CA) 22, 32
Arsenal Football Club plc v. Reed [2003] 3 All ER (EC) 1 123
Associated Newspapers Group plc v. Insert Media Ltd [1991] FSR 380 28
Attorney General v. Guardian Newspapers (No 2) [1990] 1 AC 109 77, 85, 86, 91
AUDI-MED Trade Mark [1998] RPC863 32
Barrymore v. News Group Newsppaers Ltd [1997] FSR 600 86
BBC Worlwide Ltd v. Pally Screen Printing Ltd [1998] FSR 665 22
Berkoff v. Burchill [1996] 4 All ER 1008 82, 83
Bernstein v. Skyviews & General Ltd [1978] QB 479 80
Blair v. Associated Newspapers plc (QBD), 13 November 2000 86
Blennerhasset v. Novelty Sales Services Ltd (1933) 175 LT 392
British Diabetic Association v. Diabetic Society Ltd [1995] 4 All ER 812 17
British Legion v. British Legion Club (Street) Ltd (1991) 48 RPC555 20, 30
British Telecommunications plc & Others v. One in a Million Ltd (1999) FSR 1 15
Bulmer (H P) Ltd & Showerings Ltd v. Bollinger S A [1978] RPC79 19
Campbell v. MGN Ltd [2002] EWCA Civ 1373 79, 88, 225, 225
Campbell v. MGN Ltd [2004] UKHL 22 77, 79, 86, 87, 87, 88, 88, 90–2, 91, 221, 225
Chandler v. Thompson (1811) 1 Camp 80, 170 ER 1312 80
xx Table of cases

Charleston v. News Group Newspapers [1992] 2 WLR 450 82
Chocosuisse Union des Fabricants Suisses de Chocolat v. Cadbury Ltd [1999] RPC 826 13
Clark v. Associated Newspapers Ltd [1998] 1 All ER 959 17
Clark v. Freeman (1848) 11 Beav 112 17, 18, 29, 37
Clock Ltd (The) v. The Clock House Hotel Ltd (1936) 53 RPC 269 15, 20, 21, 27
Coco v. A N Clark Engineers Ltd [1969] RPC 41 86
Consorzio del Prosicutto di Parma v. Marks & Spencer plc [1991] RPC 351 15, 16
CORGI Trade Mark [1999] RPC 549 32
County Sound plc v. Ocean Sound Ltd [1991] FSR 367 15
Cowley v. Cowley [1901] AC 450 56
Cream Holdings Ltd v. Banerjee [2003] All ER 318 91
Creation Records Ltd v. News Group Newspapers Ltd [1997] EMLR 444 87,88
Debenham v. Anckorn, The Times, March 5 1921 83
Derbyshire County Council v. Times Newspapers [1993] AC 536 91
Dockrell v. Dougall (1989) 15 TLR 333 17, 29, 37, 82, 83
Donaldson v. Beckett (1774) 2 Bro PC 129 48
Douglas v. Hello! Ltd (No 1) [2001] 2 WLR 992 77, 85, 88, 89, 91
Douglas v. Hello! Ltd (No 2) [2003] EWHC 786 (Ch) 79, 88, 91, 92, 93
DuBoulay v. DuBoulay (1869) LR 2 PC 430 56
Durant v. Financial Services Authority [2003] EWHC Civ 1746 79
ELIZABETH EMANUEL Trade Mark [2004] RPC 293 17
ELVIS PRESLEY Trade Marks [1997] RPC 543 4
ELVIS PRESLEY Trade Marks [1999] RPC 567 22, 23, 123
Erven Warnink BV v. Townend & Sons (Hull) Ltd [1979] AC 731 15, 20
Ewing v. Buttercup Margarine Ltd [1917] 2 Ch 1 20
Forbes v. Kemsley Newspapers Ltd [1951] 68 RPC 183 17
Garbett v. Hazell, Watson & Viney Ltd & Others [1943] 2 All ER 359 83
Halliwell v. Panini (Unreported, High Court, Chancery Division, 6 June 1997) 18, 21
Harrods Ltd v. Harrodian School Ltd [1990] RPC 697 30, 32
Harrods Ltd v. R Harrod Ltd (1924) 41 RPC 74 20, 28

Harrods Ltd v. Schwartz-Sackin & Co Ltd [1986] FSR 490 13
Hayward & Co v. Hayward & Sons (1887) 34 Ch 198 82
Hellewell v. Chief Constable of Derbyshire [1998] 1 WLR 804 86
Hickman v. Malsey [1900] 1 QB 752 80
Hines v. Winnick (1994) 64 RPC 113 17
Hodgkinson & Corby Ltd v. Wards Mobility Ltd [1904] 1 WLR 1564 13
Honeysett v. News Chronicle Times, 14 May 1935 82, 83
Hood v. W H Smith and Son Ltd, The Times, November 5 1937 82
Hulton Press Ltd v. White Eagle Youth Holiday Camp Ltd (1951) 68 RPC 126 30
Hunter v. Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] 2 WLR 684 80
Imutran Ltd v. Uncaged Campaigns Ltd [2001] 2 All ER 385 91
Inter Lotto (K) Ltd v. Camelot Group plc [2004] RPC 171 16
IRC v. Muller & Co’s Margarine Ltd [1901] AC 217 16
Irvine v. Talksport Ltd [2002] All ER 414 18, 20, 23, 26, 31, 33, 33
Irvine v. Talksport Ltd [2003] EWCA Civ 423 18, 31
Kaye v. Robertson [1991] FSR 62 18, 19, 55
Kean v. McGivan [1982] FSR 119 17
Khodaparast v. Shad [2000] EMLR 265 83
Landa v. Greenberg (1908) 24 TLR 441 17
Lego System Aktieselskab v. Lego M Lemelstrich Ltd [1983] FSR 155 20, 30
Lennon v. News Group Newspapers Ltd [1978] FSR 573 86, 225
Lyngstad v. Anabas Products Ltd [1977] FSR 62 7, 18, 20, 21
Mail Newspapers v. Insert Media (No 2) [1988] 2 All ER 420 13
Table of cases xxi
McCulloch v. Lewis A May (Products Distributors) Ltd (1968) 65 RPC 58 7, 20, 30
Mills v. News Group Newspapers Ltd [2001] EMLR 145 87, 91
Mirage Studios v. Counter-Feat Cothing Co Ltd [1991] FSR 145 20, 22
Modern Fiction v. Fawcett (1949) 66 RPC 230 17
Monson v. Tussauds Ltd [1894] 1 QB 671 83
O’ Shea v. MGN Ltd and Free4internet.net Ltd [2001] EMLR 943 83

Oasis Stores Ltd’s Trade Mark Application [1991] RPC 631 32
Parker & Son (Reading) Ltd v. Parker [1965] RPC 323 17
Parmiter v. Coupland (1840) 6 M&W 108 82
Plumb v. Jeyes Sanitary Compounds Co Ltd Times, 15 April 1997 83
Poiret v. Jules Poiret Ltd (1920) 37 RPC 177 17
Pollard v. Photographic Co (1839) 40 ChD 345 93
Prince Albert v. Strange (1848) 2 DeG & Sm 652, 64 ER 293 49, 85
Prince Albert v. Strange (1849) 1 Mac & G 25, 41 ER 1171 49, 85
R v. Broadcasting Complaints Commission, ex parte Barclay [1997] EMLR 62 80
R v. Department of Health, ex parte Source Informatics Ltd [2001] QB 426 86
R v. Home Secretary, ex parte Simms [2000] 2 AC 115 91
Radcliffe v. Evans [1892] 2 QB 524 82
Reckitt and Colman Ltd v. Borden Inc [1990] 1 WLR 491 7, 15
Reddaway v. Banham [1896] AC 199 15, 19
Reynolds v. Times Newspapers Ltd [1999] 3 WLR 1010 81, 91
River Wear Commissioners v. Adamson (1876) 1 QBD 551 63
Rodgers (Joseph) & Sons Ltd v. W N Rodgers & Co [1924] 41 RPC 277 17
Rookes v. Barnard [1964] AC 1129 81
Routh v. Webster (1849) 10 Beav 561 (50 Eng Rep 698) 29
Scott v. Sampson (1882) 8 QBD 491 82
Sheimer (M) Sdn Bhd’s Trade Mark Application [2000] RPC 484 32
Shelley Films Ltd v. Rex Features Ltd [1994] EMLR 134 87, 88
Sim v. HJ Heinz Co Ltd [1959] 1 WLR 313 17, 29, 82
Sim v. Stretch (1936) 52 TLR 669 82
Spalding (AG) & Bros v. Gamage (AW) Ltd (1915) 84 LJ Ch 449 15, 19, 27
Star Industrial Co Ltd v. Yap Kwee Kor [1976] FSR 256 16, 27
Stephens v. Avery [1988] Ch 449 86
Stockwell v. Kellog Company of Great Britain Times, 31 July 1973 83
Stringfellow v. McCain Foods Ltd [1984] RPC 501 28
Tapling v. Jones (1865) 11 HLC 290, 11 ER 1344 80

Tattinger SA v. Allbev Ltd [1993] FSR 641 32
Tavener Rutledge Ltd v. Trexapalm Ltd [1977] RPC 275 20
Theakston v. MGN Ltd [2002] EMLR 398 86
Tolley v. Fry & Sons [1930] 1 KB 467 82
Tolley v. Fry & Sons [1931] AC 333 3, 83, 98
Venables v. News Group Newspapers Ltd [2001] WLR 1038 87
Wainwright v. Home Office [2003] UKHL 53 63, 76, 77, 86, 89, 93
Walker v. Brewster [1867] LR 5 Eq 2 80
White v. Jones [1995] 2 AC 207 211
Wombles v. Wombles Skips Ltd [1975] FSR 488 20
Woodward v. Hutchins [1971] WLR 760 225
Youssoupoff v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures Ltd (1934) 50 TLR 581 82
United States Cases
Abdul-Jabbar v. General Motors Corp,85F 3d 407 (9th Cir 1996) 70
Allison v. Vintage Sports Plaques 136F 3d 1443 (11th Cir 1998) 68
Atkinson v. John E Doherty & Co 80 NW 285 (1899) 64
Barber v. Time Inc 159 SW 2d 291 (1948) 55
xxii Table of cases
Bi-Rite Enterprises Inc v. Button Master 555F Supp 1188 (1983) 71
Bonito Boats Inc v. Thunder Craft Boats Inc 489 US 141 (1989) 13
Booth v. Curtis Publishing Co 15 AD 343 74
Cain v. Hearst Corp 878 SW 2d 577 (Tex 1994) 85
Canessa v. J I Kislak Inc 97 N J Super 327, 235 A 2d 62 (1967) 72
Carson v. Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets Inc 698F 2d 831 (6th Cir 1983) 7, 70
Central Hudson Gas & Elec Corp v. Public Service Commission of New York 447 US 557
(1980) 73
Cheatham v. Paisano Publications Inc 891 F Supp 381 (W D Ky 1995) 69
Cher v. Forum Intern Ltd 692 F 2d 634 (CA Cal 1982) 72
Comedy III Productions Inc v. Gary Saderup Inc 106 Cal Reptr 2d 126 (Cal 2001) 73, 75
Compco Corp v. Day-Brite Lighting Inc 376 US 234 (1964) 13

Corliss v. Walker 57 Fed Rep 434 (1893) 64
Costanza v. Seinfeld 719 NYS 2d 29 (NY AD 1 Dept, 2001) 71
Douglass v. Hustler Magazine Inc 769F 2d 1128 70
Dun and Bradstreet Inc v. Greenmoss Builders Inc 472 US 749 74
Edison v. Edison Polyform Mfg Co,67A 392 (1907) 1, 9, 52
Elvis Presley Enterprises Inc v. Capece 950 F Supp 783 (S D Tex, 1996) 69
Estate of Presley v. Russen 513F Supp 1339 (1981) 71
Factors Etc Inc v. Pro Arts Inc 579 F 2d 215 (1978) 214
First Victoria National Bank v. United States 620 F 2d 1096 (1980) 215
Flake v. Greensboro News Co 195 SE 55 (1938) 9, 53
Florida Bar v. Went for It Inc 515 US 618 (1995) 73
44 Liquormart Inc v. Rhode Island 517 US 484 (1996) 73
Gautier v. Pro-Football Inc 106 NYS 2d 553 (1951) 53, 64
Grant v. Esquire Inc 367 F Supp 876 (SDNY 1973) 69
Griswold v. Connecticut 381 US 479 (1965) 54
Haelan Laboratories Inc v. Topps Chewing Gum Inc 202 F 2d 866 (2nd Cir 1953) 9, 41,
64–6, 70, 71, 214
Henley v. Dillard Dept Stores 46 F Supp 2d 587 (N D Tex, 1999) 69, 70
Hirsch v. S C Johnson & Sons Inc NW 2d 129 (1979) 70
Hoffman v. Capital Cities/ABC Inc 255 F 3d 1180 (9th Cir 2001) 75
Hogan v. A S Barnes & Co Inc 114 USPQ 314 (Pa Comm Pl 1957) 66
Howell v. New York Post Co 612 NE 2d 699 (NY 1993) 51
International News Service v. Associated Press 248 US 215 (1918) 13, 66, 67
Lake v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc, 582 NW 2d 231 (Minn 1998) 85
Landham v. Lewis Galoob Toys Inc 227 F 3d 619 (6th Cir 2000) 69
Lerman v. Chuckleberry Publishing Inc 521 F Supp 228 (SDNY 1981) 69
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures Cal 603 P 2d 425 (1979) 59
Martin Luther King Jr Center for Social Change Inc v. American Products Inc 694 F 2d 674 (11th
Cir 1983) 41, 71
Matthews v. Wozencraft 15 F 3d 432 (5th Cir 1994) 75

Melvin v. Read 297 P 91 (1931) 56
Memphis Development Foundation v. Factors etc Inc 616 F 2d 956 (1980) 71
Messenger v. Gruner & Jahr Printing and Pub 208 F 3d 122 (2nd Cir 2000) 51, 74
Morris v. Danna 411 F Supp 1300 (1976) 54
Motschenbacher v. R J Reynolds Tobacco Co 498 F 2d 821 (9th Circ 1974) 40, 66, 69, 70
Newcombe v. Adolf Coors Co 157F 3d 686 (9th Cir 1996) 81
O’ Brien v. Pabst Sales Co 124 F 2d 167 (5th Cir 1941) 64
Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Association 436 US 447 72
Palmer v. Schonhorn Enterprises Inc A 2d 458, 462 (NJ Super 1967) 66, 69
Paramount Pictures Inc v. Leader Press Inc 24 F Supp 1004 (1938) 64
Paulsen v. Personality Posters Inc 299 NYS 2d 501 (1968) 74
Pavesich v. New England Life Insurance Co 50 SE 68 (1905) 9, 51–2, 58, 62, 64, 209, 210
Pirone v. MacMillan Inc 894 F 2d 579 (2nd Cir 1990) 72
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