2001-2002 Annual Report: NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center pot

NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
2001-2002 Annual Report
Building partnerships today, developing foods for tomorrow.
he mission of the NASA Food
Technology Commercial Space Center is to lead a national effort in
developing foods and food-processing technologies that enhance
space missions and advance commercial food products through
cooperative efforts with NASA scientists and technologists,
commercial companies, and academic researchers.
T
NASA
NASA
Table of
Contents
From the Director 1
NASA FTCSC Personnel Changes 2
Advisory Council Meeting 2
Scoping Committee Meeting 2
Agriculture Experiment Station (AES)
Commitment to NASA FTCSC 3
NASA FTCSC Commercial Partner Activities 3
Research Support 12
International Activities 33
Collaborating Centers/Consortia 33
Meetings and Conferences 36
Educational Activities 38
Outreach Activities 42
Metrics 48
Appendix A
NASA FTCSC Advisory Council 50
Advisory Council Evaluation Form 51

NASA FTCSC Scoping Committee 52
Appendix B
Commercial Partner Annual Reports 54
Appendix C
NASA FTCSC-Funded Equipment for
Affiliate faculty FY 1999/00-2001/02 78
Appendix D
Affiliate Faculty Publications 84
Appendix E
NASA FTCSC Product Development
Competition 93
Appendix F
NASA FTCSC Newsletters
and Publications 98
2001-2002 Annual Report
1
n our third year of operation, the NASA Food Technology
Commercial Space Center continued to expand its industrial,
academic, and educational efforts. The 2001/02 fiscal year saw the
largest increase in the commercial partners program to date, adding two Corporate Founding
Partners, one Corporate Partner, and four Affiliate Partners. The overall contribution from four
Affiliate and twelve Corporate Partners during FY 2001/02 was $1.2 million in cash and in-kind
activities. Besides increasing the number of commercial partners, NASA FTCSC grew in several
other areas.
• Commercial partners Arla Foods amba and East West Medical Research Institute submitted
dairy products and all natural fruit sticks, respectively, to Johnson Space Center for
evaluation. Feedback is being used to develop new products for NASA and the public.
• Seven new affiliate faculty members joined NASA FTCSC, bringing the total number of
affiliate faculty to 35.
• This year’s scoping committee committed $82,233 of NASA FTCSC funds to the affiliate

faculty equipment request program. Through this program NASA FTCSC provided partial
support for almost $2.1 million in extramural and intramural grants related to NASA food
challenges and supported research for seven refereed publications.
• NASA FTCSC affiliate faculty submitted seven research proposals to the NASA Research
Announcement for Food Processing grants. NASA FTCSC staff helped in the coordination of
the proposals and budgets.
• NASA FTCSC’s education program continues to expand. Through student workshops,
presentation, and cooperative programs using the Iowa Communication’s Network, Dr.
Cheryll Reitmeier has done a tremendous job educating faculty, potential commercial
partners, and students about developing food for space. She was recently awarded a two-year,
$100,000 USDA grant to expand NASA FTCSC educational efforts.
• As NASA FTCSC Outreach Mission Specialist, Dr. Aubrey Mendonca is leading the center’s
efforts to build ties with Tuskegee University and 1890 Universities. He visited two
universities this past year and has several visits scheduled for the coming year.
Fiscal year 2001/02 has been a successful and exciting year for our center. We look forward to the
opportunities for growth that lie ahead.
Dr. Anthony L. Pometto III
NASA FTCSC Director
NASA FTCSC Annual Report
Fiscal Year 2001/02
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
Iowa State University
Anthony L. Pometto III, Director
From the Director:
I
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
2
NASA FTCSC Personnel Changes
Katherine Carlson joined the NASA FTCSC staff as Managing Editor on November 5, 2001. She
replaced former NASA FTCSC Information Systems Manager Roxanne Clemens who accepted

another position at Iowa State University in July, 2001.
Office Assistant Kathy Lee left her position at NASA FTCSC in January 2002. Lee graduated from
Iowa State University with a B.S. in Early Childhood Education in May and will begin her teaching
career at Danbury Catholic School in Danbury, Iowa, in the fall of 2002.
FY 2001/02 NASA FTCSC Staff
Dr. Anthony Pometto III, Director
Dr. Charles Bourland, Consultant
Dr. Cheryll Reitmeier, Education Mission Specialist
Dr. Aubrey Mendonca, Outreach Mission Specialist
Katherine Carlson, Managing Editor
Sharon Colletti, Administrative and Marketing Manager
Regina Hendrickson, Internet and Graphics Manager
Janet Hobbs, Office Coordinator
Kathy Lee, Melanie Wilson, Office Assistants
Martin Teply, Computer Systems Specialist
Advisory Council Meeting
The NASA FTCSC Advisory Council met on October 29, 2001, at the Iowa State University
Research Park in Ames, Iowa. (Advisory Council members are listed in Appendix A.) NASA
FTCSC Director Anthony Pometto presented an annual report for fiscal year 2001 and an overview
of fiscal year 2002 expectations. Since the October meeting, Barbara Blakistone has left the
National Food Processors Association. NASA FTCSC is currently seeking a replacement to fill her
seat on the council.
The Advisory Council thoroughly reviewed NASA FTCSC performance over the past year, and was
impressed with the center’s progress in expanding the industrial base of the center, increasing
faculty participation in the center, and increasing center visibility and recognition through
educational and technical presentations and visits. The council asked the center to better identify
the impacts of NASA FTCSC sponsored/supported projects, breaking the impact into economic/
social impact and NASA importance. Identification of the economic/social impact of work should
include quantitative current market and future market projections for product/process including
market impact of product/process, jobs created, quality of life improvement, etc. Identification of

importance to NASA would include a qualitative measure of NASA interest in the product/process.
Details of the Advisory Council’s evaluation are available in Appendix A.
To address the Advisory Council’s request for expanded economic/social impacts of affiliate faculty
deliverables and the importance of each deliverable to NASA, in this year’s report you will find an
expanded economic assessment of some affiliate faculty deliverables and the rationale for all NASA
impacts.
Scoping Committee Meeting
On April 10, 2002, the NASA FTCSC Scoping Committee met at the Iowa State University
Research Park. (Scoping Committee members are listed in Appendix A.) Scoping Committee
members Batterman-Azcona, Bourland, Kloeris, Perchonok, Pometto, and Schmidt were present.
Director Anthony Pometto presented an overview of the accomplishments and expectations of the
center’s commercial partners. Affiliate faculty members discussed how their center-funded
equipment is used to meet NASA FTCSC goals. In a closed session, the committee reviewed
affiliate faculty equipment requests for this year and committed $82,233 of NASA FTCSC funds
with $17,000 in matching funds.
2001-2002 Annual Report
3
Agriculture Experiment Station (AES) Commitment to NASA FTCSC
In fiscal year 2001/02, the Iowa State University Agriculture Experiment Station (AES) committed
$104,448 for salaries and $24,598 for equipment and supply purchases. For FY 2002/03, the AES
has allocated $126,632. AES support is essential for continued operation of NASA FTCSC, and
NASA FTCSC is very appreciative of their support.
NASA FTCSC Commercial Partner Activities
During the 2001/02 fiscal year, NASA FTCSC added seven partners to their commercial partner
program including two Corporate Founding Partners, one Corporate Partner, and four Affiliate
Partners. The total in-kind and cash commitment by NASA FTCSC commercial partners for FY
2001/02 was $1,201,299. NASA FTCSC contacted 196 companies and had a second contact with
91 companies during FY 2001/02. (Complete annual reports for commercial partners are included
in Appendix B.)
Corporate Founding Partners

Advanced Analytical Technologies, Inc. (AATI)
Ames, Iowa
Corporate Founding Partner since January, 2001
Deliverable:
Rapid microbial detection system to ensure food and water safety.
Background:
Reproducible and rapid detection of Listeria spp. in ready-to-eat food products was demonstrated
using immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry. By employing a rapid antibody specific
method, AATI demonstrated rapid detection of food pathogens from environmental surfaces using
the RBD2100.
Cash or in-kind contribution:
$67,000 in-kind contribution
Arla Foods amba
Brabrand, Denmark
Corporate Founding Partner since April, 2001
Deliverable:
Three milk-based dairy products: drink, spoonable probiotic product, and cheese.
Background:
Arla Foods amba kicked off Lacmos, their project to develop dairy products for space, in August,
2001. They attended the annual commercial partners’ meeting at Johnson Space Center in
November and presented an overview of their program goals to NASA and NASA FTCSC
personnel. In April, 2002, NASA FTCSC Director Anthony Pometto and Consultant Charles
Bourland visited Arla Foods in Denmark and sampled prototypes from the Lacmos project. Several
varieties of Arla’s milk and yogurts were sent to Johnson Space Center for evaluation in May, 2002.
In June, Arla representatives met with Vickie Kloeris from Johnson Space Center and presented
several revised dairy products. Results of the evaluation are available with Arla’s annual report in
Appendix B.
Cash or in-kind contributions:
$1,000 cash contribution for Student Product Development Competition
$92,000 in-kind contribution

NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
4
California Dried Plum Board
Sacramento, California
Corporate Founding Partner since December, 2001
Deliverable:
Suppression of foodborne pathogens and retarding lipid oxidation in cooked meat products by the
addition of dried plums; prebiotic benefits and suppression of less desirable microbes in the
human intestinal flora by dried plum consumption.
Background:
Studies sponsored by the California Dried Plum Board concluded that mixtures of dried plum
extracts can suppress the growth of foodborne pathogens, retard lipid oxidation, and potentially
minimize the warmed-over flavor in precooked meats. In addition, a study of postmenopausal
women indicated that dried plums significantly increased serum levels of insulin-like growth facto-
I and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity, which may be beneficial in maintaining skeletal
health. This study may have significant implications for NASA, since losing bone mass is a critical
issue facing astronauts on long-duration space missions.
Cash or in-kind contribution:
$160,182 in-kind contribution
East West Medical Research Institute
Los Angeles, California
Corporate Founding Partner since February, 2002
Deliverable:
Fortified 100 percent natural fruit sticks with an extended shelf life.
Background:
The technology for several novel fortified fruit-based products has been perfected and patents have
been filed for worldwide IP protection, allowing East West Medical Research Institute and its
partners to begin commercializing the product. Additionally, EWMRI has completed initial clinical
testing of a memory formulation and is about to commence clinical trial testing for three additional
botanical extracts: allergy, incontinence, and prostate BPH.

Cash or in-kind contribution:
$350,000 in-kind contribution
Hy-Vee, Inc.
West Des Moines, Iowa
Corporate Founding Partner since July, 1999
Deliverable:
Product marketing.
Background:
Hy-Vee will market a product developed for NASA by one of the NASA FTCSC commercial
partners. No report was submitted.
2001-2002 Annual Report
5
Cash or in-kind contribution:
None contributed during FY 2001/02
Iowa Soybean Promotion Board
Urbandale, Iowa
Corporate Founding Partner since February, 2001
Deliverable:
New soyfood products and processes.
Background:
The Iowa Soybean Promotion Board is funding a research project to develop a simple oil-refining
technology and optimal protein meal utilization that can be used on planetary outposts or for
terrestrial applications. Thus far, researchers have concluded that ethanol fractionation of crude
extruder-expeller (E-E) lecithin resulted in protein concentrate (PC)- and protein isolate (PI)-
enriched fractions. Test results also indicated that hydrothermal treatment of heat denatured E-E
protein meal improved its functional properties. The Promotion Board is also funding a project to
develop a cheese-like food based on soy protein. Initial research has produced a cheese based on
extracted soy flakes and milk fat. While this cheese has good flavor, researchers are still working to
find an alternative fat with less saturation and cholesterol.
Cash or in-kind contribution:

$110,000 in-kind contribution
Kemin Americas, Inc.
Des Moines, Iowa
Corporate Founding Partner since January, 2001
Deliverable:
Improved shelf life extension for tortilla products and other flat bread foods.
Background:
Kemin researchers initiated fourteen research projects investigating the preservation of tortillas and
baked goods during FY 2001/02. They analyzed corn tortillas and masa flour to evaluate the
performance of several Kemin anti-microbial preservatives and some competitor’s products. Tests
determined that Kemin additive En-hance CT was equivalent to a competitor’s product with
neither treatment demonstrating corn tortilla spoilage in a 30-day shelf-life study. Flour tortillas
and stone ground masa flour treated with Kemin’s Shield NA+ also demonstrated no spoilage after
30 days.
Cash or in-kind contribution:
$196,546 in-kind contribution
Kraft Foods, Inc.
Glenview, Illinois
Corporate Founding Partner since July, 1999
Deliverable:
Portable, hand-held, nutritionally concentrated, shelf-stable food.
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
6
Background:
No report submitted.
Cash or in-kind contribution:
None contributed during FY 2001/02.
Maytag Corporation
Newton, Iowa
Corporate Founding Partner since July, 1999

Deliverable:
Refrigerator designed to extend the shelf life of fresh fruit, vegetables, and meats; oven designed
for energy efficient heating of foods.
Background:
Maytag is investigating a new method of handling ethylene, a natural plant hormone that
accelerates ripening of some fruits and vegetables. The objective of this project is to determine the
effectiveness of an ethylene-removal unit in a household refrigerator as a method to delay ripening
and decay of fresh produce. The project is ongoing.
Cash or in-kind contributions:
$1,000 cash contribution for Student Product Development Competition
$10,000 in-kind contribution
Microbial-Vac Systems™, Inc.
Rocky Mountain Resource Labs, Inc.
Jerome, Idaho
Corporate Founding Partner since November, 2000
Deliverable:
Novel aseptic wet-vacuum microbial sampler to evaluate surface disinfection.
Background:
Research has continued during FY 2001/02 to refine the Microbial–Vac System™ into a more
portable, user-friendly system coupled with rapid detection technology. In order to expand the
food-safety applications of the M-Vac, the wet-vacuum unit’s sampling head has been redesigned to
include a round design for sampling produce. Current and projected new designs of the M-Vac
system allow for more accuracy in low-level surface and air pathogen collection and can be used to
counter bioterrorist activities in our food supplies.
Cash or in-kind contribution:
$153,500 in-kind contribution
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a DuPont Company
Johnston, Iowa
Corporate Founding Partner since July, 1999
Deliverable:

Soybean oil low in saturated fat for healthier products.
2001-2002 Annual Report
7
Background:
Pioneer continued their commercial development of soybean oil low in saturated fatty acids.
Commercial variety (92B72) was harvested in Fall 2000, and production acres for 92B72 and
increase acres for potential pre-commercial lines were planted in May 2002. Pioneer announced in
May 2002 that they will make their higher-yielding soybean donor germplasm with healthy oil
traits available to support the soybean-grower effort to improve the competitiveness of the crop.
The Iowa State University Research Foundation will be responsible for licensing the product.
Cash or in-kind contributions:
$1,000 cash contribution for Student Product Development Competition
$41,000 in-kind contribution
Corporate Partners
Triple “F”, Inc.
Des Moines, Iowa
Corporate Partner since March, 2002
Deliverable:
Improved-flavor, soy-based food products; processing soybeans by dry extrusion methods into
space food ingredients.
Background:
Triple “F”, Inc. has commercialized an extrusion-based technique (trademarked ExPress

) to
mechanically process soybeans into oil and protein meal without the use of an organic solvent.
Using this process, Triple “F” researchers produced a soy protein meal containing approximately
50 percent soy protein on dry matter basis. The soy protein meal was then processed by dry
extrusion into a texturized product. The resulting product had physical properties and cooking
characteristics that make it a good meat replacement in mainstream food products. The texturized
product was formulated into a “Meatless Chili” that provides 14 grams of protein per serving.

Cash or in-kind contribution:
$11,250 in-kind contribution
Affiliate Partners
Bready International, AB
Malmo, Sweden
Affiliate Partner since June, 2002
Deliverable:
Development of a bread baking oven suitable for planetary outposts.
Background:
Bready is focusing its research on developing an innovative bread-making system containing an
innovative mechanical design that will negate the impact of hypo- or microgravity. NASA Johnson
Space Center received a Bready

System in March 2002 for research. The NASA Food Technology
Commercial Space Center is scheduled to receive an oven in August 2002.
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
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Meiners Commodity Consultants S.A.
Colombier, Switzerland
Affiliate Partner since June, 2002
Deliverable:
Microencapsulation and controlled release of vitamins and minerals.
Background:
Meiners Commodity Consultants S.A. is NASA FTCSC’s newest commercial partner. They will
concentrate their research efforts on microencapsulation and controlled release of vitamins and
minerals.
Microcide, Inc.
Troy, Michigan
Affiliate Partner since May, 2002
Deliverable:

Food grade sequestrants and organic surfactant for cleaning and sanitizing fruits, vegetables, and
food processing equipment surfaces.
Background:
Microcides’ PRO-SAN™ multifunctional sanitizer serves both as a food-contact surface sanitizer
and a fruit and vegetable wash. Free of chlorine and quaternary ammonium compounds,
PRO-SAN™ is biodegradable, contains safe food-grade ingredients, and does not produce
carcinogenic by-products or free radicals.
Neptune Technologies & Bioressources, Inc.
Laval, Quebec, Canada
Affiliate Partner since November, 2001
Deliverable:
Natural health products exceptionally rich in phospholipids, antioxidants, and a novel flavonoid.
Background:
Neptune is focusing its research on developing a cold extraction process and maximizing the value
of marine biomass to create natural health products exceptionally rich in phospholipids,
antioxidants, and novel flavonoids. Neptune’s unique extraction process preserves the biological
activity of krill components while destroying bacteria with minimal lipid alteration.
Cash or in-kind contribution:
$6,822 in-kind contribution
2001-2002 Annual Report
9
Table 1. NASA impact matrix for commercial partner deliverables.
Product/PI Benefit to NASA (Qualitative)
a
Product Partner Shuttle ISS Outpost Rationale
Rapid microbial
detection system
Advanced
Analytical
Technologies, Inc.

High High High Microbial safety is critical for all missions. The
use of rapid tests, especially if the tests are
“crew friendly,” use limited power, water, and
do not off-gas or add chemicals to the water
system, is preferred.
Dairy milk-based
drink
Arla Foods amba High High High A high-quality milk-based beverage is needed
for all missions to help provide the crew with
the necessary calcium that they need.
Dairy milk-based
spoonable probiotic
Arla Foods amba Medium High Medium Probiotics have limited use on short Shuttle
missions, great potential for ISS, and limited
use on outpost where the diet may be plant
based.
Dairy milk-based
cheese
Arla Foods amba High High High Cheese is a concentrated dairy product which
provides needed calcium for all missions. For
outpost, cheese must have a shelf life of 3-5
years. Since refrigeration may be limited on all
of the missions, a shelf-stable cheese would be
preferred.
Development of a
bread baking oven
suitable for
planetary outpost
Bready
International, AB

Low Medium High
There is not enough power or volume on Shuttle
for a bread machine. A high-efficiency machine
may have application on ISS if a habitation
module is added. Bread baking is planned on
outpost.
Suppression of
foodborne pathogen
and retarding lipid
oxidation in cooked
meat products by
the addition of dried
plums
California Dried
Plum Board
Medium High High
Retarding lipid oxidation in cooked meats will
add more variety to the Shuttle menu and
extend the shelf life for ISS foods and stored
transit foods.
Probiotic benefits
and suppression of
less desirable
microbes in the
human intestinal
flora by dried plums
consumption
California Dried
Plum Board
Medium High High

Suppression of less desirable microbes in the
intestinal flora will have a moderate effect on
Shuttle due to the short mission duration, but
may be important for ISS and transit missions,
and if found to be significant, it could be a
transported item for outpost.
Suppression of
osteoporosis from
the consumption of
dried plums
California Dried
Plum Board
Low Medium High
Suppression of osteoporosis would have little
effect on a short-duration Shuttle mission. If
bone loss in space is reduced by dried plums,
then it would be significant for ISS transit and
possibly outpost.
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
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Table 1. Commercial partner deliverables (continued).
Product/PI Benefit to NASA (Qualitative)
a
Product Partner Shuttle ISS Outpost Rationale
Fortified 100%
natural fruit sticks
East West Medical
Research Institute
Medium Medium Medium Fortified fruit sticks may provide antioxidants,
but the need has not been defined.

Marketing a NASA
FTCSC commercial
partner product
Hy-Vee, Inc. Medium Medium Medium Marketing remains medium until a product is
developed.
New soyfood
products
Iowa Soybean
Promotion Board
Medium Medium High New soy foods are desired for Shuttle and ISS
to increase soy protein intake. Since soybeans
will be grown and processed on outpost,
soyfoods are essential for outpost.
New soybean
processes for space
Iowa Soybean
Promotion Board
Low Low High Soy processes are not expected to be used on
Shuttle and ISS, but will be essential on outpost.
Improved, extended
shelf-life tortillas
Kemin Americas,
Inc.
Low High High Extended shelf life is not required for Shuttle,
but is critical for ISS and outpost.
Portable, hand-held,
nutritionally
concentrated, shelf-
stable bar
Kraft Foods, Inc. High High Medium Concentrated energy bar (meal replacement)

has direct application on Shuttle and ISS, but
may not be as critical for outpost.
Oven designed for
more energy
efficient heating of
foods
Maytag Corporation High High High High-efficiency heating methods required for
all missions.
Refrigerator
designed for
improving shelf life
of fruits, vegetables,
and meats
Maytag Corporation Low High High Refrigeration is not likely on Shuttle due to
volume and power limitations. Refrigeration is
critical for ISS and outpost, providing power is
available.
Micro-
encapsulation and
control release of
vitamins and
minerals
Meiners
Commodity
Consultants S.A.
Low Medium Medium
Additional vitamins are not required for Shuttle.
Encapsulation and controlled release may be
important on ISS and outpost, especially for
maintaining vitamin potency.

2001-2002 Annual Report
11
Table 1. Commercial partner deliverables (continued).
Product/PI Benefit to NASA (Qualitative)
a
Product Partner Shuttle ISS Outpost Rationale
Food grade
sequestrants and
organic surfactant
for cleaning and
sanitizing fruits,
vegetables, and
food processing
equipment surfaces
Microcide, Inc. Medium Medium High
Non-halogen sanitizers may be used to treat
fresh fruit and vegetables on Shuttle and ISS
and would be important on outpost where
extensive recycling is planned.
Soybean oil low in
saturated fatty acids
for healthier
products
Pioneer Hi-Bred
International, a
DuPont Company
Medium Medium Medium Soybean oil is not a significant ingredient in
Shuttle and ISS foods. Outpost will use a
special variety of soybeans and may extract oil
from soybeans.

Aseptic microbial
sampler to evaluate
surface
contamination
Microbial-Vac
Systems™, Inc.
Rocky Mountain
Resource Labs, Inc.
High High High Aseptic sampling is critical for all missions.
Development of
nutraceuticals from
marine sources
exceptionally rich in
omega-3 fatty acids
Neptune
Technologies &
Bioressources, Inc.
Medium Medium Low The importance of nutraceuticals on all the
missions has not yet been defined. Due to the
possible shorter shelf life of these items, it is
likely that outpost missions could not use these
nutraceuticals.
Soy-based food
products of superior
flavor
Triple “F”, Inc. Medium High Low Prepackaged soy products are more important
for Shuttle and ISS missions (less for Shuttle
due to the shorter mission length). Since
soybeans will be grown on outpost, it is not
important to have prepackaged soy-based

products available.
Re-engineering the
dry extrusion
system to process
soybeans into food
Triple “F”, Inc. Low Medium High Soybean processing on Shuttle and ISS is not as
important since soybeans will not be available
on these missions. Soybeans will be grown on
outpost, so it is necessary to develop processes
that produce high-quality soybean products.
a
NASA benefit ranking was performed by Dr. Charles Bourland, NASA FTCSC Consultant, and Vickie Kloeris and Dr. Michele
Perchonok, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058-3696.
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
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Research Support
Affiliate Faculty Members
NASA FTCSC boasts an affiliate faculty program of researchers at nine universities and one federal
research lab. During the 2001-02 fiscal year, Director Anthony Pometto identified seven new
additions to the list of NASA FTCSC affiliate faculty. This brings the total number of affiliate
faculty members—those persons interested in conducting research and providing expertise to
NASA FTCSC—to thirty-five. The following is a list of new NASA FTCSC affiliate faculty members
and their deliverables. (See the NASA FTCSC Internet site at />ftcsc for a complete list of affiliate faculty.)
Dr. D. Lee Alekel
Assistant Professor
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
Iowa State University
1115 HNSB
Ames, IA 50011
(515) 294-3552

Evaluating the role of diet and physical activity for osteoporosis and bone loss prevention.
Dr. Gwyn A. Beattie
Assistant Professor
Department of Microbiology
Iowa State University
207 Science I
Ames, IA 50011
(515) 294-5571

Using plants to ameliorate the malodor associated with food processing and waste reduction in
planetary outposts.
Dr. Diane Birt
Professor and Chair
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
Iowa State University
2312 Food Science
Ames, IA 50011
(515) 294-3011

Evaluating the health benefits of phytochemicals such as flavones.
2001-2002 Annual Report
13
Dr. Denise Foley
Assistant Professor
Department of Biological Science
Chapman University
1 University Drive
Orange, CA 92866
(714) 628-7209

Extending the shelf life of fruits, vegetables, and processed foods via irradiation; pathogen
elimination and reduction in spoilage microflora by irradiation.
Dr. Lisa Mauer
Assistant Professor
Department of Food Science
Purdue University
1160 Food Science Building
West Lafayette, IN 47907
(765) 494-9111

Providing data to support integrated systems modeling of advanced life support; defining
Equivalent Systems Mass (ESM) of both unit operations in food production and packaging/storage
systems; developing an integrated food packaging/safety detection system.
Dr. Rong Murphy
Assistant Professor
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering
University of Arkansas
Engineering Hall 203
Fayetteville, Arkansas 72703
(501) 575-2542

Investigating thermal food processing of meat products and waste management systems.
Dr. Anuradha Prakash
Associate Professor
Food Science and Nutrition
Chapman University
1 University Drive
Orange, CA 92866
(714) 744-7826

Using low-dose irradiation to enhance the safety and shelf life of minimally processed fruits,
vegetables, and meats; chemical and physical testing of foods processed using alternative
technologies.
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
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Table 2. Economic impact matrix for selected affiliate faculty deliverables.
Product/PI
Economic Effect (Quantitative)
a
Product Principal
Investigator
$ Current Sales $ Estimated
Sales
$ Process Cost # Jobs Other Social Issues
Soy protein-
based cheese
Earl
Hammond
ISU
Soy cheese
market: $45
million in 2001
Dairy cheese
market: $10
billion
Soy cheese
growth rate in
2000 —26.4%
2005 market

extrapolated
using 20% soy
growth= $93.3
million
50% higher than
dairy yogurt due
to process cost of
soymilk
Employment
multiplier of 1 job
for every
$232,000 in sales
(43,100 Jobs)
Lower costs, improve
nutrition, reduce allergy
response
Soy protein-
based yogurt
Terri
Boylston
ISU
Soy yogurt
market: $20-25
million
Dairy yogurt
market: $2.1
billion
50% per year
Growth rate
extrapolates to

$152 million in
2005
50% higher than
dairy yogurt due
to process cost of
soymilk
Employment
multiplier of 1 job
for every
$265,000 in sales
(7,925 jobs)
Low calorie and
cholesterol; milk for lactose
intolerant, vegan, or
religious groups; reduce
cancer risk
Extended shelf-
life tortillas
Yael
Vodovotz
OSU
U.S. corn tortilla
market: $1.5
billion
Tortilla market:
$4.4 billion in
2000
Estimated sales of
tortillas, 2002: $6
billion

Corn tortillas:
$2.04 billion
Not known, still
in experimental
stage
Employment
multiplier of 1 job
for every
$100,000 in sales
(15,000 jobs)
Improvement in flavor and
pliability without loss of
shelf life
Extended shelf-
life tofu
Lester
Wilson
ISU
U.S. tofu market:
approximately
$245 million
Tofu sales are
growing at a rate
of 10 to 15% per
year
Extrapolates to
$656 million in
2005
Initial capital
investment of

$2.4 million
No difference in
process cost after
initial investment
Employment
multiplier of 1 job
for every
$128,000 in sales
(1,915 jobs)
Less loss due to spoilage;
fewer chances of food
poisoning
Degradable
plastics for food
packaging
Jay-lin Jane
ISU
Plastic food wrap
market: $200
million
Biodegradable
plastics market in
1997: $23
million
Biodegradable
plastic market,
2004: $185
million
100% more than
non-degradable

plastic
Employment
multiplier of 1 job
for every
$225,000 in sales
(889 jobs)
Reduce landfill space;
plastics account for 11% of
landfill space
Edible films for
food wraps for
extended shelf
life
Tara
McHugh
WRR/USDA
Plastic food wrap
market in 2000:
$200 million
No edible plastic
food wrap on
market at this
time
$120 million
projected market
value by Decision
Resources (no
time frame
provided)
Typical pound of

plastic wrap costs
from $0.25 to
$0.50
For edible films is
not known, still in
development
stage
Employment
multiplier of 1 job
for every
$225,000 in sales
(534 jobs)
Reduce landfill space;
plastics account for 11% of
landfill space
2001-2002 Annual Report
15
Table 2. Affiliate faculty deliverables (continued).
Product/PI
Economic Effect (Quantitative)
a
Product Principal
Investigator
$ Current Sales $ Estimated
Sales
$ Process Cost # Jobs Other Social Issues
Low saturated
fat soy oil
Earl
Hammond

ISU
Canola oil and
soy oil market:
$154.8 million
2005 – 7,099
tons, $2.41
million
2004 – 7,088
tons, $2.4 million
2003 – 6,906
tons, 2.34 million
2001 price/ton:
$339.51
No difference in
process cost
Employment
multiplier of 1 job
for every
$377,000 in sales
(411 jobs)
Lowest processing cost of
all edible oils
Functional
foods that
reduce
cholesterol
Pamela
White
ISU
U.S. food market:

$474 billion
U.S. functional
food market: $16
billion (1999)
U.S. functional
foods sales, 2010:
$34 billion
Difference is
insignificant in
nearly all
functional foods
Employment
multiplier of 1 job
for every $61,000
in sales
(295,082 jobs)
Reduce heart disease and
improve general health
Apple cider free
of pathogens
Cheryll
Reitmeier
ISU
U.S. apple cider
market: $125.7
million
Normal growth as
compared to U.S.
population
growth

Capital
investment of
$18,000 to
$30,000, plus
additional
$10,000 each year
No effect on jobs Reduction in pathogens
without losing mouth feel
of the cider resulting in
better taste
Fruit and
vegetable
sanitizers
Aubrey
Mendonca
ISU
Total U.S. food
processing
sanitizer market:
$845 million
3% growth rate
of U.S. fruit and
vegetable market,
2000
No difference in
cost
No effect on jobs Reduce cross-
contamination; control of
pathogens
Safe meat

products with
extended shelf
life
Joseph
Sebranek
ISU
Total U.S meat
market: $53
billion
$500 million in
waste due to
spoilage
3% annual growth
over the next
several years
20% increase in
processing cost
Reduce in
spoilage would
reduce jobs by
5%
(-15,000 jobs )
Lower inventory
requirements; reduction in
waste; better color
a

Economic impacts were performed by Mid-Continent Technology Transfer Center, Technology and Economic Development Division,
Texas Engineering Extension Service, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, and by the Pappajohn Center New Ventures
Laboratory, Ames, Iowa.

NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
16
Affiliate Faculty Equipment Request Program
NASA FTCSC research funds are leveraged with affiliate faculty research programs by purchasing
equipment that will enable their research program to perform a NASA FTCSC research function.
Equipment requests were solicited in early February and were due in early March. Equipment
requests were ranked and selected for funding at the annual Scoping Committee meeting on April
10, 2002. FY 2001/02 requests totaled $82,233 of NASA FTCSC funds, with $10,700 in cash
matching funds. (See Appendix C for a list of equipment NASA FTCSC has purchased for affiliate
faculty to date.) Table 3 summarizes the NASA FTCSC funded affiliate faculty equipment
purchased in FY 2001/02.
Leveraging Research Funding
During FY 2000/01, NASA FTCSC-funded equipment totaled $84,950 with $4,470 in cash
matching funds. With these equipment purchases, NASA FTCSC gained an additional $2.1 million
of non-NASA funds in research efforts (see Table 4). Additional research by affiliate faculty
members that did not utilize NASA FTCSC-funded equipment or joined as affiliate faculty
members after last year’s equipment request are presented in Table 5. This research also benefited
the NASA FTCSC mission and totaled $2.2 million in research support.
In addition to the research mentioned above, NASA FTCSC partially funded two Iowa Soybean
Promotion Board projects. (See the Iowa Soybean Promotion Board report in Appendix B for
details.)
Hammond, E.G. “Production of a Cheese-like Product Based on Soy Protein,” 2001-
2003. Iowa Department of Agriculture (Controlled by the Iowa Soybean Promotion
Board) $25,000, NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center $17,000.
Wang, T., L.A. Johnson, D.J. Myers, E.G. Hammond, J. Sebranek. 2000-2002.
“Program for Developing a Second Generation of Value-added Products from Mini
Soybean Mills.” Iowa Soybean Promotion Board $138,120, NASA Food Technology
Commercial Space Center $30,000.
Affiliate Faculty Publications
A complete list of all affiliate faculty publications for this year is available in Appendix D. The

following publications are based on research that utilized NASA FTCSC equipment for research.
Junus, S., and J.L. Briggs. “Vane Sensor Systems in Small Strain Oscillatory
Testing.” Applied Rheology 11 (2001): 264-270. (Peltier Heating/Cooling
System)
Kovalenko, I.V., and J.L. Briggs. “Application of the Vane Method in Textural
Characterization of Soy-based Yogurt.” Journal of Texture Studies. (accepted)
(Peltier Heating/Cooling System)
Seetharaman, K., N. Chinnapha, R.D. Waniska, P. White. “Changes in
Textural, Pasting and Thermal Properties of Wheat Buns and Tortillas during
Storage.” Journal of Cereal Science 2002. (accepted with minor revisions)
(TA.XT2i Texture Analyzer)
2001-2002 Annual Report
17
Snyder, H., and L.A. Wilson. “Soya Beans: Processing for the Food Industry.”
Encyclopedia of Food Science and Nutrition. U.K.: Academic Press (2002).
(accepted) (Soymilk and Tofu Processing Equipment Systems, ProSoya 40
Deodorizer)
Wang, T., and J.L. Briggs. “Rheological and Thermal Properties of Soybean Oils
with Modified Fatty Acid Compositions.” Journal of American Oil Chemists’
Society. (accepted) (Soymilk and Tofu Processing Equipment Systems, ProSoya 40
Deodorizer)
Vodovotz, Y., E. Vittadini, and J.R. Sachleben. “Use of 1H Cross Relaxation
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Probe the Changes in Bread and
its Components upon Aging.”Carbohydrate Research, 337:147-153. (Large
Volume Press for Differential Scanning Calorimetry Pans)
Wilson, L.A. “Recent Advances in Soyfood Processing in North America.” Inform
(2002). (accepted) (Soymilk and Tofu Processing Equipment Systems, ProSoya 40
Deodorizer)
NASA NRA Submissions from Affiliate Faculty
NASA FTCSC affiliate faculty are encouraged to actively pursue grants from NASA that will

help further the NASA FTCSC mission. In response to NASA Research Announcement
NRA02-OBPR-01, affiliate faculty submitted the following grants.
Boylston, T.D., E.G. Hammond, A.F. Mendonca. 2003-2005. “Development of
Cultured Soymilk Products from Edamame and Mature Soybeans: Sensory
Attributes and Nutritional Quality.” $501,174.
Hammond, E.G., B.A. Glatz. 2003-2006. “Meeting the Requirements for Long-
chain N-3 Fatty Acids in Space with Diatoms.” $514,608.
Hammond, E.G., T.D. Boylston, B.J. Nikolau. 2003-2005. “Meeting the
Requirement for N-3 Fatty Acids with Improved Soy Nuts.” $523,498.
French, S.J., L.A. Wilson. 2003-2005. “Manufacture and Evaluation of the Autofu
Processor Prototype.” $375,007.
Mendonca, A.F., T.L. Richard, J. van Leeuwen. 2003-2005. “Ozonation and
Composting Technologies for Waste, Water, and Air Recycling to Support Human
Missions in Space.” $524,961.
Seetharaman, K., R.O. Apenten, D. Peterson, and J.D. Floros. 2002-2005. “Shelf-
stable Soy-based Dry Mixes for Baked Products Requiring Minimal Processing.”
$576,281.
Wang, T., L.A. Johnson, M.H. Perchonok, S.J. French. 2003-2005. “Soybean
Processing by Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Product Utilization in Space.”
$472,544.
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
18
Table 3. Summary of NASA-related research equipment funded by the NASA Food Technology
Commercial Space Center in partnership with affiliate faculty members for FY 2001/02.
Principal
Investigator(s)
University Equipment Funded Deliverable
NASA
FTCSC
Funds

Matching
Funds
Total
Equipment
Cost
White, P.J., E.G.
Hammond, and J.
Jane
Iowa State
University
Refractive Index
Detector
Storage stability of new
soybean and corn oils for space
travel
Impact of new antioxidants on
the shelf life of oil and foods for
space travel
Structure of new starches with
the ability to extend the shelf
life of baked products
$9,250 NA $9,250
White, P.J., E.G.
Hammond, and T.
Wang
Iowa State
University
Autosampler for Gas
Chromatograph
Evaluate the fatty acid

composition of new soybean
variety oils as potential crops
for planetary outpost
Evaluate the impact of new
antioxidants in oil and foods for
extended food shelf life
Detect flavor compounds
arising from soy foods for space
Detect interesterification of
short-chain fatty acids for the
production of soy-based cheese
Analyze the fatty acid produced
by diatoms as a source of long-
chain n-3-fatty acids for space
flight
$13,451 NA $13,451
Murphy, P.A., L.A.
Johnson, D.J.
Myers, and L.A.
Wilson
Iowa State
University
Nitrogen/Protein
Analyzer
Evaluate soy protein based
foods to maximize the protein
food value for space missions
$27,000 $10,000 $37,000
Vodovotz, Y. The Ohio State
University

Water Activity Meter Evaluate shelf life of corn
tortillas being developed for
Shuttle and other food products
$6,100 NA $6,100
2001-2002 Annual Report
19
Table 3. NASA-related research equipment (continued).
Principal
Investigator(s)
University Equipment Funded Deliverable
NASA
FTCSC
Funds
Matching
Funds
Total
Equipment
Cost
Ahn, D. Iowa State
University
Solatek 72 Multi-
Matrix Vial
Autosampler and
System Software for
GC/MS
Detect off-odor flavors from
irradiated meat products for
Shuttle, ISS, and planetary
outpost
$23,494 NA $23,494

Wang, T. Iowa State
University
Fisher Isotemp
®
Water Bath
Produce soy protein-lipid
films as meat substitutes for
planetary outpost
$1,088 NA $1,088
Briggs, J. Iowa State
University
Three Sensors for
Controlled-stress
Rheometer
Evaluate the functional
properties of food before and
after processing for space
missions
$1,850 $700 $2,550
Totals $82,233 $10,700 $92,933
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
20
Table 4. Summary of NASA FTCSC affiliate faculty grants with NASA FTCSC partial support.
a
Principal
Investigators
University Project Title Funding
Period
Funding Agency Total Funds Project
Deliverables

to NASA
NASA FTCSC
Funded
Equipment
Employed
Non-NASA
Funds
Committed to
Project for
01-02
b
Ahn, D., and J.
Love
Iowa State
University
Mechanisms and control
of off-odor production in
irradiated turkey breast
meat
00-03 NRICGP/USDA $180,500 Extended shelf
life turkey
breast for ISS
and long-
duration
missions
Solatek 72
Multi-Matrix
Vial;
Autosampler
and System

Software for
GC/MS
$60,166
Trampel, D., D.
Ahn, and J.
Dickson
Iowa State
University
Electron beam irradiation
of whole shell eggs
containing Salmonella
enteritidis
1/1/02-
6/30/02
Center for Advanced
Technology
Development (ISU)
$34,028 Extending the
shelf life and
safety of egg
products for
ISS and long-
duration
missions
Solatek 72
Multi-Matrix
Vial;
Autosampler
and System
Software for

GC/MS
$34,028
Ahn, D. Iowa State
University
Prevention of pinking and
off-odor in irradiated pork
loin
01-03 National Pork Board $22,032 Extended shelf
life of pork loin
for ISS and
long-duration
missions
Solatek 72
Multi-Matrix
Vial;
Autosampler
and System
Software for
GC/MS
$11,016
Boylston, T.D.,
and L.A.
Wilson
Iowa State
University
Conjugated linoleic acid
development in soymilk
through the use of lipases
and probiotics bacteria
01-02 Center for Designing

Foods to Improve
Nutrition (ISU)
$29,500 Stability of
conjugated
linoleic acids in
soy yogurts for
ISS and long-
duration
missions
Isotemp
Standard Lab
Incubator
$29,500
2001-2002 Annual Report
21
Table 4. Affiliate faculty grants with NASA FTCSC partial support
a
(continued).
Principal
Investigators
University Project Title Funding
Period
Funding Agency Total Funds Project
Deliverables
to NASA
NASA FTCSC
Funded
Equipment
Employed
Non-NASA

Funds
Committed to
Project for
01-02
b
Boylston, T.D.,
E.G.
Hammond, and
D.C. Beitz
Iowa State
University
Development of a yogurt
with increased conjugated
linoleic acid content
produced with probiotic
bacteria
00-02 Dairy Management,
Inc.
$84,792 Conjugated
linoleic acid
yogurt for
Shuttle and ISS
Isotemp
Standard Lab
Incubator
$42,396
Boylston, T.D.,
and A.F.
Mendonca
Iowa State

University
Effect of probiotic bacteria
on the flavor of Swiss
cheese as evaluated in
model systems
02-03 University Research
Grant
$17,944 Probiotic
enhanced Swiss
cheese for
Shuttle and ISS
Isotemp
Standard Lab
Incubator
$17,944
Demirci, A.,
and S. Hillegas
Pennsylvania
State
University
Inactivation of
Clostridium sporogenes in
honey by pulsed UV-light
treatment
02 College of
Agricultural Sciences
Undergraduate
Research Program
$750 Clostridial
spore reduction

in honey for
Shuttle and ISS
UV Pulse Light
Sterilization
System
$750
Ford, C., and P.
Reilly
Iowa State
University
Directed evolution of
glucoamylase to increase
thermostability and
substrate specificity
01-04 USDA-NRI $170,000 Improved
glucoamylase
for starch
liquefaction for
long-duration
missions
PCR Thermal
Cycler
$56,666
Jane, J. Iowa State
University
Effects of processing and
storage conditions on
physical and chemical
properties of rice starch
00-02 The Rice Foundation $53,140 Shelf life data

for rice storage
for long-
duration
missions
Texture
Analyzer
$26,570
Johnson, L.,
P. Murphy,
D. Myers,
C. Glatz,
K. Dias, C.
Penet, and T.
Emerson
Iowa State
University
Use of industrial enzymes
to enhance soybean value
6/01-02 USDA ($133,228)
and Genencor
($44,500)
$177,728 Extended shelf
life of soyfoods
for ISS and
long-duration
missions
Roto-
evaporator and
condenser unit;
Nitrogen/

Protein
Analyzer
$177,728
NASA Food Technology Commercial Space Center
22
Table 4. Affiliate faculty grants with NASA FTCSC partial support
a
(continued).
Principal
Investigators
University Project Title Funding
Period
Funding Agency Total Funds Project
Deliverables
to NASA
NASA FTCSC
Funded
Equipment
Employed
Non-NASA
Funds
Committed to
Project for
01-02
b
Mendonca,
A.F., D. Ahn, I.
Wesley, M.
Johnson, and
R.

Nanapanenni
Iowa State
University
Effect of dietary vitamin E
on the colonization of
Listeria monocytogenes in
live turkey and microbial
safety and storage stability
of turkey breast meat
00-02 National Alliance for
Food Safety
$121,951 Safe and
extended shelf
life turkey for
ISS and long-
duration
missions
Multivac Food
Packing Unit
$60,975
Mendonca, A.,
D. Ahn, and I.
Wesley
Iowa State
University
Irradiation and packaging
treatments for controlling
Listeria monocytogenes
and improving sensory
acceptability of ready-to-

eat turkey breast roll
01-03 National Alliance
Food Safety/USDA
$139,000 Extended shelf-
life turkey
breast for ISS
and long-
duration
missions
Solatek 72
Multi-Matrix
Vial;
Autosampler
and System
Software for
GC/MS;
Mutlivac Food
Packaging Unit
$69,500
Mendonca,
A.F., and I.
Wesley
Iowa State
University
Rapid detection of injured
Listeria monocytogenes in
heated pork or turkey meat
by combining a simple
resuscitation system with a
novel 5' PCR assay

01-02 USDA (Food Safety
Consortium)
$36,500 Rapid detection
method for ISS
and long-
duration
missions
Multivac Food
Packaging Unit
$36,500
Mendonca,
A.F., B.A.
Glatz, C.A.
Reitmeier, and
L.A. Wilson
Iowa State
University
Post-harvest quality and
safety of fresh-cut
vegetables and fruits
01-02 Agriculture
Experiment Station
$12,000 Sanitization
methods for
improving the
microbial safety
of fresh
produce on
planetary
outpost

Ozone
Generator
$12,000