Dinh Duong_Cao Hoc_Chapt_R 3 Bo Sung- Benh Do Dinh Duong.pdf

3.3. Bệnh do dinh dưỡng
3.3.2. triệu chứng thiếu chất
hoặc ngộ độc


1. Mòn vây


1. Mòn vây


1. Mòn vây
FIN EROSION Deficiency of

Toxicity of

Lysine
Tryptophan
Zinc
Riboflavin
Inositol
Niacin
Vitamin C
Lead
Vitamin A


1. Xuất huyết vây, da

FIN/SKIN HAEMORRHAGE
Deficiency of

Toxicity of

Riboflavin
Pantothenic acid
Niacin
Thiamine
Inositol
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Oxidized fish oil


2. Cataract


2. Chứng đục nhân mắt
CATARACT Deficiency of

Toxicity of

Methionine
Tryptophan
Zinc
Magnesium
Copper
Selenium
Manganese
Vitamin A

Riboflavin
Choline
Oxidized fish oil


3. Chứng lồi mắt

EXOPHTHALMIA Deficiency of

Toxicity of

Pantothenic acid
Niacin
Folic acid
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Oxidized fish oil


3. Chứng vẹo xương sống

Cá bơn (cá lưỡi trâu)


4. Tật ưỡn lưng

Cá bơn bònh thường


4. Tật vẹo cột sống/ưỡn lưng

SCOLIOSIS/LORDOSIS Deficiency of

Toxicity of

Tryptophan
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Vitamin C
Essential fatty acids (lordosis)
Lead
Cadmium
Leucine
Vitamin A
Oxidized fish oil


5. Chứng gãy cột sống


6. Chứng nhiễm mỡ(?)


6. Chứng gan béo (nhiễm mỡ)

FATTY LIVER Deficiency of
Toxicity of

Choline
Essential fatty acids
Oxidized fish oil

Deficiency Sign

Nutrient

Anemia

Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, Pyrodoxine, Rancid Fat
Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin E
Vitamin K

Anorexia

Biotin, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid
Pyrodoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin A
Vitamin B12, Vitamin C

Acites

Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E

Ataxia

Pyrodoxine, Pantothenic acid, Riboflavin

Atrophy of Gills

Pantothenic Acid

Atrophy of Muscle

Biotin, Thiamin

Caclinosis : renal

Magnesium

Cartilage abnormality

Vitamin C, Tryptophan

Cataracts

Methionine, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Zinc

Ceroid liver

Rancid Fat, Vitamin E

Cloudy lens

Methionine, Riboflavin, Zinc

Clubbed gills

Pantothenic Acid

Clotting blood: slow

Vitamin K

Colouration: dark skin

Biotin, Folic Acid, Pyrodoxine Riboflavin

Convulsions

Biotin, Pyrodoxine, Thiamin

Discolouration of skin

Fatty Acids, Thiamin

Deformations: bone

Phosphorous

Deformations: lens

Vitamin A

Degeneration of gills

Biotin

Dermatitis

Pantothenic Acid

Diathesis, exudative

Selenium

Distended stomach

Inositol

Distended swimbladder

Pantothenic Acid

Dystrophy, muscular

Selenium, Vitamin E


Deficiency Sign

Nutrient

Edema

Niacin, Pyrodoxine, Thiamin, Vitamin A, Vitamin E

Epicarditis

Vitamin E

Equilibrium loss

Pyrodoxine, Thiamin

Erosion of fin

Fatty Acids, Riboflavin, Vitamin A, Zinc

Exophthalmos

Pyrodoxine, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E

Exudated gills

Pantothenic Acid

Fatty liver

Biotin, Choline, Fatty Acids, Inositol, Vitamin E

Feed efficiency: poor

Biotin, Calcium, Choline, Energy, Fat, Folic Acid,
Inositol, Niacin, Protein, Riboflavin

Fragility: erythrocytes

Biotin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin E

Fragility: fin

Folic Acid

Fragmentation of erythrocytes

Biotin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin E

Gasping, rapid

Pyrodoxine

Goitre

Iodine

Growth, poor

Biotin, Calcium, Choline, Energy, Fat, Folic Acid
Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Protein, Pyrodoxine
Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12
Vitamin C, Vitamin E

Hematocrit, reduced

Iron, Vitamin C, Vitamin E

Hemoglobin, low

Iron, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C

Hemorrhage: eye

Riboflavin, Vitamin A

Hemorrhage: gill

Vitamin C

Hemorrhage: kidney

Choline, Vitamin A, Vitamin C

Hemorrhage: liver

Vitamin C

Hemorrhage: skin

Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Riboflavin, Vitamin A, Vitamin C

Irritability

Fatty Acids, Pyrodoxin, Thiamin


Deficiency Sign

Nutrient

Lesion: colon

Biotin, Niacin

Lesion: eye

Methionine, Riboflavin, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Zinc

Lesion: skin

Biotin, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid

Lethargy

Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Thiamin

Lipoid liver

Fatty Acids, Rancid fat

Lordosis

Vitamin C

Myopathy, cardiac

Essential Fatty Acids

Necrosis : liver

Pantothenic Acid

Nerve disorder

Pyrodoxine, Thiamin

Pale liver (glycogen accumulation)

High Digestible Carbohydrate, Biotin

Photophobia

Niacin, Riboflavin

Pinhead

Starvation

Pigmentation, iris

Riboflavin

Prostration

Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin C

Rigor mortis, rapid

Pyrodoxine

Scoliosis

Phosphorus, Tryptophan, Vitamin C, Vitamin D

Shock syndrome

Essential Fatty Acids

Slime, blue

Biotin, Pyrodoxine

Spasm, muscle

Niacin

Swimming, erratic

Pyrodoxine

Swimming, upside down

Pantothenic Acid

Tetany, white muscle

Niacin, Vitamin D

Vascularization, cornea

Riboflavin

3.3. Bệnh do dinh dưỡng
3.3.3. Rối loạn do protein


3.3. Bệnh do dinh dưỡng
3.3.3. Rối loạn do lipid



1. Thiếu các AA thiết yếu
Limiting EAA Fish species
Oncorhynchus
Lysine
mykiss
Cyprinus
carpio
Methionine
O. mykiss
Salmo salar
Tryptophan
O. mykiss

Deficiency signs1
Dorsal/caudal fin erosion (1,2), increased mortality (2)
Increased mortality (3)
Cataract (4,5,14)
Cataract (6)
Scoliosis2 (7–10), lordosis 2 (7,10), renal calcinosis (8), cataract (7,9), caudal fin
erosion, decreased carcass lipid content (9); elevated Ca, Mag, Na and K carcass

concentration (7)
Scoliosis (11)

Oncorhynchus
Scoliosis (12,13), cataract (13)3
nerka
Oncorhynchus
keta
Scoliosis (12)
Oncorhynchus
kisutch
Increased mortality and incidence of lordosis observed with dietary deficiencies of
Miscellaneous C. carpio
leucine, isoleucine, lysine, arginine and histidine (3)


Feedstuff
Chick pea
Yellow lupin
Haricot bean
Safflower
Palm kernel
Cottonseed
Sunflower
Linseed
Sesame
Coconut
Groundnut
Rapeseed
Soybean

Potato protein meal
Bakers dried yeast
Whole hen's egg
Fish muscle
Fish meal (herring)
Fish meal (white)
Fish protein concentr.
Fish silage
Whole shrimp meal
Meat and bone meal
Blood meal
Liver meal
Poultry byproduct meal
Hydrolyzed feathers
Earthworm meal

Ref2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4

5
4
8
9
4
4
2
10
2
4
4
2
4
4
11

THR
64*
66*
80
68*
62*
65*
65*
71
58*
65*
55*
93
74

89
93
77
83
76
81
83
98
83
77
69*
76
76
91
107

VAL
89
81
103
125
113
102
124
122
98
114
99
118
101

125
116
125
98
127
106
110
122
97
128
158
135
125
164
99

MET
63*
20*
43*
63*
94
52*
83
93
109
61*
39*
83
46*

63*
63*
100
98
109
104
118
72
109
59*
33*
72
81
24*
106

CYS
104
126
67*
141
133
118
137
156
148
96
133
70
130

96
85
130
85
78
93
63*
72
85
89
52*
89
141
289
52*

IIS
119
117
120
111
95
92
115
111
91
115
117
113
128

128
139
132
108
117
121
127
101
112
109
24*
105
132
131
112

LEU
110
125
121
99
89
94
104
90
105
112
100
116
115

120
112
109
110
107
109
109
129
106
113
162
121
123
124
124

PHE
113
85
118
101
72
122
109
105
86
95
107
94
105

112
91
97
80
80
81
85
120
95
88
124
109
80
78
84

TYR
86
94
83
100
78
89
91
92
114
92
117
77
97

149
108
98
117
95
94
103
94
105
60*
69*
106
60*
86
108

LYS
72
64*
92
43*
41*
52*
42*
43*
33*
37*
53*
74
76

74
86
78
101
89
90
92
98
86
86
89
71
71
33*
79

HIS
100
117
127
121
98
117
119
100
114
81
100
131
106

73
106
92
121
96
94
90
121
73
100
214
98
87
50*
125

ARG
166
192
104
181
225
205
159
174
211
217
196
112
123

73
89
96
97
111
116
95
108
134
150
62*
105
134
147
98

TRP
129
135
129
118
311
141
165
182
153
123
141
159
176

118
141
135
135
123
129
153
59*
106
88
123
153
112
76
82

LAA
Met
Met
Met
Lys
Lys
Lys
Lys
Lys
Lys
Lys
Met
Cys
Met

Met
Met
Thr
Phe
Thr
Thr
Cys
Trp
His
Met
IIs
Lys
Tyr
Met
Cys


3. Tính độc của AA

• non-protein amino acids
• Mimosime : Leucaena leucocephala
• Canavanine : Sesbania grandiflora and Canavalia ensiformis
• IAA in excess : Ex. : 13.4% Leucine for rainbow trout


3. Tính độc của AA


3.3. Bệnh do dinh dưỡng
3.3.3. Rối loạn do chất khoáng