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O'Reilly Network: Directory of Linux Commands [March 15, 2002]
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Alphabetical Directory of
Linux Commands
This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a Nutshell, 3rd
Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands below to get a description

and list of available options. All links in the command summaries point to
the online version of the book on Safari Tech Books Online.
Buy it now
Read it online
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M]
[
N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z]
A
agetty
apmd
apropos
ar
arch
arp
as
at
atq
atrm
B
badblocks
cut
D
date
dd
debugfs
depmod
df
diff
diff3
dip

dirname
dmesg
dnsdomainname
grep
groff
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
groups
grpck
grpconv
gs
gunzip
gzexe
gzip
H
logger
login
logname
logrotate
look
lpc
lpd
lpq
lpr
lprm
lpstat
lptest
ls
pcnfsd

perl
pidof
ping
pop2d
pop3d
portmap
powerd
pppd
pr
praliases
printenv
printf
rwhod
S
script
sed
sendmail
setfdprm
setsid
sh
shar
showmount
shutdown
size
slattach
tunelp
U
ul
umount
uname

uncompress
unexpand
uniq
unshar
update
uptime
useradd
userdel
znew
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O'Reilly Network: Directory of Linux Commands [March 15, 2002]
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banner
basename
batch
bash
bc
biff
bison
bootpd
bootpgw
bootptest
bzip2
C
c++
cal
cardctl
cardmgr
cat
cc
cpp
cfdisk
chattr
chfn
chgrp
chmod
chown

chpasswd
chroot
chsh
cksum
clear
cmp
col
colcrt
colrm
column
comm
compress
domainname
dosfsck
du
dumpe2fs
dumpkeys
E
e2fsck
echo
egrep
emacs
env
etags
ex
expand
expr
F
false
fdformat

fdisk
fetchmail
fgrep
file
find
finger
fingerd
flex
fmt
fold
formail
free
fsck
fsck.minix
ftp
ftpd
fuser
G
g++
halt
head
host
hostid
hostname
hwclock
I
icmpinfo
id
identd
ifconfig

imake
imapd
inetd
info
init
insmod
install
ipchains
ipchains-
restore
ipchains-
save
ipfwadm
iptables
iptables-
restore
iptables-
save
ispell
J
join
K
kbd_mode
kbdrate
kerneld
kill
lsattr
lsmod
M
m4

mail
mailq
mailstats
make
makedbm
makemap
man
manpath
merge
mesg
mimencode
mkdir
mke2fs
mkfs
mkfs.minix
mklost+found
mkraid
mkswap
modprobe
more
mount
mountd
mv
N
named
namei
netdate
netstat
newgrp
newusers

nfsd
nice
nm
ps
psupdate
pwck
pwconv
pwd
Q
quota
R
raidstart
ramsize
ranlib
rarp
rcp
rdate
rdev
rdist
rdistd
reboot
renice
reset
rev
rexecd
rlogin
rlogind
rm
rmail
rmdir

rmmod
rootflags
route
routed
rpcgen
rpcinfo
rpm
rsh
rshd
rstat
sleep
sort
split
stat
strace
strfile
strings
strip
stty
su
sum
swapdev
swapoff
swapon
sync
sysklogd
syslogd
systat
T
tac

tail
talk
talkd
tar
tcpd
tcpdchk
tcpdmatch
tcsh
tee
telinit
telnet
telnetd
test
tftp
tftpd
tload
top
usermod
users
usleep
uudecode
uuencode
V
vacation
vi
vidmode
W
w
wall
wc

whatis
whereis
which
who
whoami
write
X
xargs
Y
yacc
yes
ypbind
ypcat
ypchfn
ypchsh
ypinit
ypmatch
yppasswd
yppasswdd
yppoll
yppush
ypserv
ypset
ypwhich
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cp
cpio
cron
crontab
csh
csplit
ctags
gated
gawk
gcc
gdb
gdc
getkeycodes
getty
gprof
killall
killall5
klogd
ksyms

L
lastlog
ld
ldconfig
ldd
less
ln
locate
lockfile
nohup
nslookup
O
P
passwd
paste
patch
pathchk
run-
parts
runlevel
ruptime
rusers
rwall
rwho
touch
tr
traceroute
troff
true
tune2fs

ypxfr
Z
zcat
zcmp
zdiff
zdump
zforce
zgrep
zic
zmore
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O'Reilly Network: Linux Command Directory: agetty [March 15, 2002]
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Alphabetical Directory of
Linux Commands
This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a
Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands
below to get a description and list of available options. All
links in the command summaries point to the online version
of the book on Safari Tech Books Online.
Buy it now
Read it online
agetty [options] port baudrate [term]
System administration command. The Linux version of getty. Set terminal type,
modes, speed, and line discipline. agetty is invoked by init. It is the second
process in the series init-getty-login-shell, which ultimately connects a user
with the Linux system. agetty reads the user's login name and invokes the login
command with the user's name as an argument. While reading the name, agetty
attempts to adapt the system to the speed and type of device being used.
You must specify a port, which agetty will search for in the /dev directory. You
may use -, in which case agetty reads from standard input. You must also
specify baudrate, which may be a comma-separated list of rates, through which
agetty will step. Optionally, you may specify the term, which is used to
override the TERM environment variable.
Options
-h
Specify hardware, not software, flow control.
-i
Suppress printing of /etc/issue before printing the login prompt.
-l program

Specify the use of program instead of /bin/login.
-m
Attempt to guess the appropriate baud rate.
-t timeout
Specify that agetty should exit if the open on the line succeeds and there
is no response to the login prompt in timeout seconds.
-L
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Do not require carrier detect; operate locally only. Use this when
connecting terminals.
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O'Reilly Network: Linux Command Directory: apmd [March 15, 2002]
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Alphabetical Directory of
Linux Commands
This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a
Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands
below to get a description and list of available options. All
links in the command summaries point to the online version
of the book on Safari Tech Books Online.
Buy it now
Read it online

apmd [options]
System administration command. apmd handles events reported by the
Advanced Power Management BIOS driver. The driver reports on battery level
and requests to enter sleep or suspend mode. apmd will log any reports it gets
via syslogd and take steps to make sure that basic sleep and suspend requests
are handled gracefully. You can fine-tune the behavior of apmd by specifying
an apmd_proxy command to run when it receives an event.
Options
-c n, check n
Set the number of seconds to wait for an event before rechecking the
power level. Default is to wait indefinitely. Setting this causes the
battery levels to be checked more frequently.
-P command, apmd_prxy command
Specify the apmd_proxy command to run when APM driver events are
reported. This is generally a shell script. The command will be invoked
with parameters indicating what kind of event was received. The
parameters are in the next list.
-p n, percentage n
Log information whenever the power changes by n percent. The default
is 5. Values greater than 100 will disable logging of power changes.
-V, version
Print version and exit.
-v, version
Verbose mode; all events are logged.
-W, wall
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Use wall to alert all users of a low battery status.
-w n, warn n
Log a warning at ALERT level when the battery charge drops below n
percent. The default is 10. Negative values disable low battery level
warnings.
-q, quiet
Disable low battery level warnings.
-?, help
Print help summary and exit.
Parameters
The apmd proxy script will be invoked with the following parameters:
start
Invoked when the daemon starts.
stop
Invoked when the daemon stops.
suspend [ system | user ]
Invoked when a suspend request has been made. The second parameter
indicates whether the request was made by the system or by the user.
standby [ system | user ]
Invoked when a standby request has been made. The second parameter
indicates whether the request was made by the system or by the user.
resume [ suspend | standby | critical ]
Invoked when the system resumes normal operation. The second
parameter indicates the mode the system was in before resuming.

(critical suspends indicate an emergency shutdown. After a critical
suspend the system may be unstable and you can use the resume
command to help you recover from the suspension.
change power
Invoked when system power is changed from AC to battery or from
battery to AC.
change battery
Invoked when the APM BIOS driver reports that the battery is low.
change capability
Invoked when the APM BIOS driver reports some hardware that affects
its capability has been added or removed.
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O'Reilly Network: Linux Command Directory: apropos [March 15, 2002]
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Alphabetical Directory of
Linux Commands
This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a
Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands
below to get a description and list of available options. All
links in the command summaries point to the online version
of the book on Safari Tech Books Online.
Buy it now
Read it online
apropos string
Search the short manual page descriptions in the whatis database for
occurrences of each string and display the result on the standard output. Like
whatis, except that it searches for strings instead of words. Equivalent to man -
k.
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O'Reilly Network: Linux Command Directory: ar [March 15, 2002]
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Alphabetical Directory of
Linux Commands
This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a
Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands
below to get a description and list of available options. All
links in the command summaries point to the online version
of the book on Safari Tech Books Online.
Buy it now
Read it online
ar [-V] key [args] [posname] archive [files]
Maintain a group of files that are combined into a file archive. Used most
commonly to create and update library files as used by the link editor (ld). Only
one key letter may be used, but each can be combined with additional args
(with no separations between). posname is the name of a file in archive. When
moving or replacing files, you can specify that they be placed before or after
posname. -V prints the version number of ar on standard error.
Key
d
Delete files from archive.
m
Move files to end of archive.
p
Print files in archive.

q
Append files to archive.
r
Replace files in archive.
t
List the contents of archive or list the named files.
x
Extract contents from archive or only the named files.
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Arguments
a
Use with r or m key to place files in the archive after posname.
b
Same as a but before posname.
c
Create archive silently.
f
Truncate long filenames.
i
Same as b.

l
For backward compatibility; meaningless in Linux.
o
Preserve original timestamps.
s
Force regeneration of archive symbol table (useful after running strip).
S
Do not regenerate symbol table.
u
Use with r to replace only files that have changed since being put in
archive.
v
Verbose; print a description of actions taken.
Example
Replace mylib.a with object files from the current directory:
ar r mylib.a
ls *.o
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O'Reilly Network: Linux Command Directory: arch [March 15, 2002]
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Alphabetical Directory of
Linux Commands
This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a
Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands
below to get a description and list of available options. All
links in the command summaries point to the online version
of the book on Safari Tech Books Online.
Buy it now
Read it online
arch
Print machine architecture type to standard output. Equivalent to uname -m.
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O'Reilly Network: Linux Command Directory: arp [March 15, 2002]
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Alphabetical Directory of
Linux Commands
This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a
Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands
below to get a description and list of available options. All
links in the command summaries point to the online version
of the book on Safari Tech Books Online.
Buy it now
Read it online
arp [options]
TCP/IP command. Clear, add to, or dump the kernel's ARP cache
(/proc/net/arp).
Options
-v
Verbose mode.
-t type
Search for type entries when examining the ARP cache. type must be
ether (Ethernet) or ax25 (AX.25 packet radio); ether is the default.
-a [hosts]
Display hosts' entries or, if none are specified, all entries.

-d host
Remove host's entry.
-s host hardware-address
Add the entry host hardware-address, where ether class addresses are 6
hexadecimal bytes, colon-separated.
-f file
Read entries from file and add them.
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O'Reilly Network: Linux Command Directory: as [March 15, 2002]

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Alphabetical Directory of
Linux Commands
This directory of Linux commands is from Linux in a
Nutshell, 3rd Edition. Click on any of the 379 commands
below to get a description and list of available options. All
links in the command summaries point to the online version
of the book on Safari Tech Books Online.
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as [options] files
Generate an object file from each specified assembly language source file.

Object files have the same root name as source files but replace the .s suffix
with .o. There may be some additional system-specific options.
Options
[ | files]
Read input files from standard input, or from files if the pipe is used.
-a[dhlns][=file]
With only the -a option, list source code, assembler listing, and symbol
table. The other options specify additional things to list or omit:
-ad
Omit debugging directives.
-ah
Include the high-level source code, if available.
-al
Include an assembly listing.
-an
Suppress forms processing.
-as
Include a symbol listing.
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O'Reilly Network: Linux Command Directory: as [March 15, 2002]
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Set the listing filename to file.
-defsym symbol=value
Define the symbol to have the value value, which must be an integer.
-f
Skip preprocessing.
gstabs
Generate stabs debugging information.
-o objfile
Place output in object file objfile (default is file.o).
-v
Display the version number of the assembler.
-I path
Include path when searching for .include directives.
-K
Warn before altering difference tables.
-L
Do not remove local symbols, which begin with L.
-R
Combine both data and text in text section.
-W
Quiet mode.
Return to:
Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands
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