Skkn developing reading culture for 12th graders in ngoc lac ethnic boarding high school via the teaching of unit 11 books english 12

THANH HOA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

NGOC LAC ETHNIC BOARDING HIGH SCHOOL
----------------------------

TEACHING EXPERIENCE

DEVELOPING READING CULTURE FOR 12th GRADERS
AT NGOC LAC ETHNIC BOARDING HIGH SCHOOL VIA
THE TEACHING OF UNIT 11. BOOKS- ENGLISH 12

Writer: Triệu Thị Đào
Position: Teacher
Topic in the fields of: English

THANH HOA, 2022

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INDEX

CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Rationale
1.2. Aims of the research
1.3. Subjective of the research
1.4. Methodology of the research
2. CONTENTS
2.1. Theoretical basis of the research
2.1.1. What is reading?

2.1.2. What is reading culture?
2.1.3. What are the benefits of reading culture?
2.2. Reality of the research
2.3. Solutions
2.3. 1. Book description
2.3. 2. Outdoor reading
2.3. 3. Classroom library
2.4. Effectiveness of the research
3. CONCLUSION
3.1. Conclusion
3.2. Proposal
REFERENCE
APPENDIX

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Rationale
“A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies . . . The man who never
reads lives only one.”said George R.R. Martin, an American novelist and shortstory writer, screenwriter, and television producer. He is the author of the series
of epic fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire, which was adapted into the Emmy
Award-winning HBO series Game of Thrones[1]. The quote shows us the
importance and meaning of reading books in life. Reading is important to us
because it not only develops our thoughts but also gives us endless knowledge and
lessons while keeping our minds active. Books can hold and keep all kinds of
information, stories, thoughts and feelings unlike anything else in this world. The
benefits of reading range from improving mental health, to improving physical
health, to creating healthy habits, and it’s no wonder that books and reading are so
high up on the list of personal entertainment[2]. Also, there are other quotes about
the value of reading books such as “The man who does not read has no advantage
over the man who cannot read.”(Mark Twain) [3]; “Reading is a discount ticket to
everywhere”(Mary Schmich) [4] and so forth.
However, due to the explosion of Internet, computers and smartphone, the
declining of reading culture among students of high chools, tertiary and higher
learning institutes in particular is alarming and threatening the realization of ‘a
well educated and learning society. Overreliance on teachers’ and tutors’ notes,

reading for examination, poor tendency of individual reading, and total dislike of
reading beyond the examination scope are among the major manifestation of the
declining reading culture in many schools and universities of Vietnam. In Ngoc
Lac Ethnic Boarding High school, when asked whether they liked reading or not,
many students frankly answered that they didn’t even want to read if they didn’t
have to take an exam. There are few students go to the library to borrow or read
books. Many of them go there just to surf the Internet or play computer games. If
not addressed, this situation may escalate and jeopardize the hopes of creating
learning environment in Ngoc Lac Ethnic Boarding High school.
As a teacher of English with more than ten years of teaching experiences,
I realize the seriousness of the matter during my working with students, especially
when teaching Unit 11. Books (English 12). I am deeply aware of my
responsibilities in teaching students knowledge and skills when using English and
at the same time encouraging students to read more which not only brings them
knowledge and relaxation but also inspire and develop reading culture among
students. Because of this reason, I have decided to do this research named:
Developing reading culture for 12th graders at Ngoc Lac Ethnic Boarding High
school via the teaching of Unit 11. Books - English 12.

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1.2. Aims of the research
I believe that learning English not only means learning such skills like
reading, speaking, listening an writing but it also means learning about people and
the world around us through the messages hidden in the lessons. This study has
been designed to investigate grade 12 students’ attitude towards reading and
reading culture in this day and age and suggest some solutions to increase reading

culture among the students in Ngoc Lac Ethnic Boarding High school. In general,
it has three main purposes:
Firstly, it aims at finding students’ attitude towards reading and reading
culture. They may answer some questions such as “Do you like reading? Why or
why not?”, “If yes, what kind of books do you like reading?”, “How do you read a
book?”, “When do you often read books?”…Secondly, it is to investigate the
impact of dwindling reading culture on students. Finally, it is to provide some
pedagogical suggestions for teachers to teach the related lesson effectively and
have connection to the school students in reality.
1.3. Subjects of the research
Subjects of the study and survey of this topic mainly focus on the students
that I am teaching for the time being. I started the survey in the beginning of the
school year. The total participants were 54 students from two classes (12A2 and
12A5) in Ngoc Lac Ethnic Boarding High school, which is situated in Ngoc Lac, a
mountainous district in Thanh Hoa province. Out of the 54 participants, there are
14 male students (25.9%) and 40 female ones (74.1%) participating in the study.
The large gender disparity is caused because male students often have to drop out
of school to earn living and help support the families. The majority of students are
ethnic minorities from disadvantaged families in poor districts of Thanh Hoa
province. Consequently, their motivation and learning goals are remarkably
limited, which directly affect their passion for knowledge and reading culture.
1.4. Methodology of the research
To make my solutions more effective, I have used the following methods.
Firstly, I always consult my colleagues about the matter I am researching.
Secondly, I constantly study, reform and produce new teaching methods such as
conducting a survey, organizing competitions or activities, using images, pictures,
posters, real objects, etc.
Thirdly, I apply science and technology in teaching, use projecters, presents
films, video clips to make the lesson actively. For example, I show a short video
clip about Book and Reading Culture Day in Vietnam and in the world before the

lesson to motivate the spirit of studying among students.
Lastly, I gather information, analyze it and evaluate the results.

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2. CONTENTS.
2.1. Theoretical basis of the research
2.1.1. What is reading?
There are many definitions of reading that have arisen in recent decades and
it seems to have no fixed definition for this term.
- Reading is a process undertaken to reduce uncertainty about meanings a text
conveys.
- The process results from a negotiation of meaning between the text and its
reader.
- The knowledge, expectations, and strategies a reader uses to uncover textual
meaning all play decisive roles way the reader negotiates with the text's
meaning.
Reading does not draw on one kind of cognitive skill, nor does it have a
straightforward outcome—most texts are understood in different ways by different
readers. ( />According to Urquhart and Weirt in William Grabe (2009:14), stated the
Reading is the process of receiving interpreting information in language from via
the medium of print. According to Johnson ( 2008:3), Reading is practice of using
text to create meaning.
Based on the definitions , the researcher concludes that reading must develop, so
the reader can understand the meaning of passage and also catch the meaning of
the text.
( />Reading is a multifaceted process involving word recognition,

comprehension, fluency, and motivation. Learn how readers integrate these facets
to make meaning from print.
( />Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols,
etc., especially by sight or touch.[10][11][12][13]
For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving
such areas as word recognition, orthography(spelling), alphabetic, phonics,
phonemic awareness , vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation[14][15].
Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard
symbol and an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems.[16] The
common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the
visual notations or tactile signals (as in the case of Braille).[17]
( />What is Reading? Reading is the process of looking at a series of written
symbols and getting meaning from them. Reading is a mental process in which
someone looks into a written text and starts to absorb 4 the information from the
written linguistic message. Reading entails the use of vision to understand several
words in a sentence and make them meaningful. ().
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Accordingly, Howley (2015) sees the act of reading as a creative process in
which the reader constructs reading by interacting with the text. It is a process of
interaction between the reader and text. In the world of Ariffin (1992), defines
reading as a highly personal activity that is mainly done silently alone. This
implies that reading is something related to the activity of acquiring information
and it is done either silently or aloud. The major avenue of learning is through
reading according to Mariam (1991), reading means or implies that if we do not
understand what we are reading, we cannot learn or remember it. Just as is reading,
the journey of a lifetime starts with the turning of a page, reading is the sole means

by which we slip in voluntarily often helplessly into another skin, another voice,
another soul (Joyce Carol Oates, 2004). To read is to exercise the brain and
increases the chances to assimilate better
( />335856610_Reading_Culture_Benefits_and_the_Role_of_libraries_in_the_21st_ce
ntury)
2.1.2. What Is Reading Culture?
Reading had been described by Ngugi and Mberia (2014) as one of the oldest
habits of human civilization. It is the identification of symbols and association of
appropriate meaning with them(Palani, 2012). It involves word recognition,
comprehension, engagement and fluency. Reading is a cornerstone for success not
just in schools but throughout lifetime. Through reading, we acquire new ideas and
knowledge, obtain needed information, relax the minds, and improve our
command of language and vocabulary. It also serves as a good companion that
provides pleasure,expand our horizons and enrich our lives.
Reading does not only increases our knowledge, but it also builds maturity and
character, sharpens our thinking, and widens our awareness in social, economic,
political, and environmental issues. It also helps in mental development and is
known to stimulate the muscles of the eyes. One of the major means of acquiring
information is through reading. It is an irreplaceable weapon for all - round growth
and the fulfillment of one’s potential. Reading is the foundation upon which other
academic skills are built. Reading is a very essential way of learning and achieving
any global academic breakthrough (Hassen, 2016). It was asserted by Tella and
Akande (2007) that the ability to read is at the heart of self-education and lifelong
learning and that it is an art capable of transforming life and society. According to
Nweke (1990)
reading has important roles to play in the development of the individual. Reading
is the key tounlocking future success (Inderjit, 2014).
Reading culture, on the other hand, is the process of acquiring a positive
reading attitude among students and children over a length of time (Gbadamosi,
2007). When an individual regularly reads books and other materials such as

magazines that are not necessarily required for him to advance in his profession or
career, he is said to have a reading culture. However, it is a fact that youths of
today, in Nigeria, for instance, lack interest in reading. They prefer to spend hours
on the social media, chatting, browsing the net, and all sorts of other things hours
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on end, thereby, making reading a book or any other piece of written material to
seem to be an archaic idea for most youths (Eke, Omekwu & Odoh , 2014).
Kojo, Agyekum and Arthur (2018) postulated that if one develops the culture
of reading regularly, then good reading culture has been formed. This is because a
habit is formed unconsciously when an individual does something many times, and
it then becomes a normal part of their life. According to him, many students do not
belong to the category of those with a good reading culture; but, they rather prefer
to be on social media than spend time acquiring
knowledge through reading.
( />e_In_The_Internet_Era_And_The_Imperative_For_Lifelong_Reading)
2.1.3. What are the benefits of reading culture?
Benefits of Reading Culture: As Individuals
- Increase in memory: reading slows down the rate of memory deterioration.
Those who read live longer, their brain function is heightened. With the help of
reading, ones’ memory is enhanced in the sense that it exercises the muscles of the
brain and new memory is created as the brain strengthens and sharpens the
memory. Ultimately, reading improves your brain, as the memory increases, it
makes one smarter and more intelligent. However, the act of reading helps to
heighten the brain function and increase/improve memory.
- Discipline: reading makes an individual to be disciplined by obeying certain rules
and standards. It helps control one’s thought, emotions and actions. It helps one to

achieve their goal in life. Adding reading to one’s daily schedule improves
discipline.
- Vocabulary: is another benefit of reading as it improves speaking skills and
makes you a better speaker. Reading improves your vocabulary. When you read
continuously, it creates room for continuous learning. Learning is a life-long
process. In fact, reading is fun!
- Creativity and skills: reading can make one think creatively; the reader will
have good creative thinking skills which will lead to better performance in his/her
academics. In fact, it enhances the critical skills of concentration and focus. It also
helps to widen the brain’s creative side and filters innovative thinking process into
one’s brain.
- Knowledge: Knowledge itself is power! (Francis Bacon). The more you read, the
more informed you become. The more knowledge you gain, the more powerful
you become. This can be handy at any time because knowledge gained can never
be lost.
Benefits of Reading Culture: National Level

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- It enhances educational growth and development of the nation.(Ten (10) benefits
of reading: ()
- Mental stimulation – your brain requires exercise to keep it strong and healthy,
just like muscles in your body. Reading has been found to enhance connectivity in
the brain function is a sole effect of aging, but regular reading may help slow the
process of Alzhiemer’s disease and dementia (a progressive disease that destroys
memory and important mental functions).
- Stress Relief – the distraction into the literacy world allows you to distance

yourself from the stress of everyday life, putting your mind and body at ease
- More sleep - sometimes it is hard to fall asleep when your mind is racing and
busy worrying about a variety of things. Reading, even if for ten minutes, can help
push whatever was keeping you awake out of your mind.
- Education: - education is not cheap. Classes, seminars and educational software
are just a few of the ways that you can pay to learn things. However, reading books
from the library is free!
- Better memory: reading requires you to use your memory muscle, helping the
muscle long term.
- Increase empathy – reading requires us to sympathize with character’s
emotions. Being emotionally transported by a book has shown to cause boosts in
empathy
- Improves concentration- when reading you are concentrating on one thing by
doing so, you are training your body to avoid distractions. This ability can help
when performing other tasks that require concentration
- Entertainment – reading is much cheaper than going to the movies or many
other forms of entertainment. In fact, reading is free at the library! We are
constantly adding new books, so you never have to worry about running out of
ones that you haven’t read. Books can transport you to different worlds without
paying airfare.
- Vocabulary expansion- the more you read, the more word you are exposed to.
Reading is contagions- exposing friends to your reading habits can be a great way
to help encourage them to pick up a book. If you have children in elementary
school, consider reading loud to them even if they can read on their own.
( />335856610_Reading_Culture_Benefits_and_the_Role_of_libraries_in_the_21st_ce
ntury)
2.2. Reality of the study
Previously, when teaching unit 11. Books , I usually just let students discuss
and answer the questions and exercises in the textbook. Students only needs to
complete the tasks that presented in each lesson. Therefore, after each lesson they

can remember some new words and do related exercises. However, except for
doing the tasks in the textbooks, most students rarely study and read more books
on their own. They have not been proactive in getting knowledge from books and
newspapers. This makes the children become such machines that only memorize
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the knowledge the teacher has imparted, but lack thinking, creation, and
development for new ideas.
At that time, I realized that, apart from imparting knowledge in textbooks to
students, I needed to encourage their self-study spirit by reading different types of
books by themselves ,contributing to the improvement and development of reading
culture in among students.
Before applying this new teaching method, I conducted a small survey to
determine students’ attitude towards reading culture. The questionnaire was
administered to 54 students. They were multiple choice questions. Students were
asked to circle the letter A, B, or C next to the answer that best described their
feelings towards the statement at the moment. All the questions were written in
Vietnamese to guarantee students’ accurate understanding as well as their full
confidence in their responses shown in Appendix A.
2.3. Solutions
The research focuses on encouraging students to spend more time reading
books, so I apply different methods to inspire students’ spirits of reading . To get
good results, I organize three activities: book description, outdoor reading, and
classroom library. What these three activities have in common is that they require
students to find the good books, so they have to read the books carefully before
they introduce them to other students. Through these activities, children gradually
sprout and develop their love of reading.

2.3.1. Book description
One week before holding this activity, I asked my students to do the
assignments: In five minutes, tell the class about a good book or story you have
read. Each student told about a different book or story. Students must not tell the
same story. The books or stories that students choose must not be included in their
textbooks. Students were encouraged to use pictures, objects or projectors to make
their presentations more interesting.
Student can use the following guidelines to make up the presentations.
- What is the title of the book/story?
- Who is the author?
- What type of book/story is it?
- Where is the book set?
- What is the main theme of the book/story?
- Who are the main characters?
- What is your opinion of the book/story?
Here are some pictures about students’ presentations:
Student 1: “Les miserables”

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Les miserables is a novel written by a French writer, Victor Hugo. It was
published in 1862. The work is considered one of the most famous novels of world
literature of the 19th century.
Les miserables is the story of French society during the first 20 years 19th
century, since the time when Napoleon I ascended the throne and several decades
later. The main character of the novel is Jean Valjean, a former convict who seeks
to atone for the mistakes made in his youth. The novel series not only talks about

the nature of the goodness, badness, and law, but the work is also a massive
encyclopedia about the history, architecture of Paris, politics, philosophy, law,
justice and creed of France in the first half of the 19th century.
The story is about Jean Valjean ,who raised a young grandson. Because of poverty,
one day he had to steal bread. He was arrested and sentenced to five years in
prison. After failing to escape four times, he was imprisoned for fourteen years.
After many ups and downs of life, Jean Vanjean also gained a bit of status in
society, but not with the old name Jean Vanjean. Now his name was Madeleine,
the mayor of a small town, loved and respected by everyone. In Madeleine's
factory, there is a worker name Fantine. Because of having an illegitimate child,
she was hated by the supervisor and sent away but Jean Vanjean didn’t know at all.
When she was about to die, Mr. Madeleine knew of her injustice, he promised to
take care of Cosette.
Just then, in order to save another person who was wrongly accused, John Vanjean
confessed to the court his truth. Again he was imprisoned, and this time he
escaped. By the revolution of 1832, he fought outside the barricade alongside
republican soldiers. After the revolution was extinguished, Vanjean still
encountered many unjust tribulations. At that time, Cosette became a beautiful
young girl. She met Marius, thanks to the sacrifice of Vanjean, they were married.

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In short, in the work of Victor Hugo, the world of the poor is the world of
transcendental souls, shining with morality, symbolizing painful but glorious
efforts of human.
Student 2: "Mat Biec"

"Mat Biec" is a long story by writer Nguyen Nhat Anh from the perspective of
Ngan - a boy from the poor village of Do Do and fell in love with the beautiful girl
"Mat Biec" of Do Do village for half of his life.
Mat Biec is a novel about Ngan's life. Ngan was born and raised in a village named
Do Do, in Binh Que commune, Thang Binh district, Quang Nam province. This is
also the author's hometown. Growing up with Ngan was a neighbor with beautiful
eyes named Ha Lan. Ngan and Ha Lan's childhoods were attached together with
beautiful memories such as sim hill, school days, etc.
The childhood friendship gradually turned into Ngan's silent love for Ha Lan.
When they became adults, both had to leave the village to go to the city to continue
their studies. Although Ngan always loved Ha Lan, Ha Lan couldn't resist the
temptations in a lavish city, and she finally fell in love with Dung. Dung was a
rich young man. He was stylish, good at martial arts but lack of seriousness. Ngan
was very distressed to see the Ha Lan live an unhappy life.
Later, Holland became pregnant with Dung, but she was abandoned by Dung to
marry Bich Hoang. With the love for Ha Lan, Ngan wholeheartedly took care of
her child - Tra Long. After Tra Long grew up, she became a teacher at the village
school and loved Ngan very much. Although everyone thought that Tra Long
would be the continuation of what Ha Lan left unfinished in Ngan's life, Ngan
decided to leave, because he realized that Tra Long was just a shadow of Ha Lan.
A one-sided love, a sad ending must have been familiar to readers who love
Nguyen Nhat Anh's stories, but the sadness of "Mat Biec" leaves the most painful
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impression on each reader. This is really a book that is worth reading to know
more facts about life.
Student 3: “Every fall is a growth”

“Every fall is a growth” is a good book about life with narrative and analytical
content. This is a book to help the young grow up. The stories are concrete and
vivid examples in the daily lives of each of us, including you and me.
Author Lieu Tri Phong quotes sayings, real stories about human behavior, ethics,
business, etc., and then clearly analyzes them for us to understand more deeply
about each person's life.
It is often said that each fall is a pain and after each fall, we will become stronger
and more mature than ever. Life sometimes has days like that. However, when
stumbling has become a habit with a body covered with scratches, that is when the
soul gradually becomes insensitive and calloused.
“Every fall is a growth” – The book with the title as a good piece of advice is
simply like a good slogan of life. The book seems to inspire young people who are
hesitant about trying new things.
Student……
2.3.2. Outdoor reading
Of the three activities, I think that this is the most enjoyable and effective one. I
held an outdoor class and divide students into groups of five or six. Each group
chose a book or short story they want to read. One students read aloud while the
others listened. After finishing reading, the group members started discussing and
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talking king about the book or story that they had just read or listened . They
worked in an informal and easy atmosphere. When watching they work, I felt the
joy, enthusiasm and connection among them, which contributed to a successful
outdoor reading class.
Here are some pictures about outdoor reading lessons:

2.3.3. Classroom library
In this activity, I called for the donations from students to set up a classroom
library. In our school, each classroom is equipped with a bookshelf. On the
bookshelf, student can keep their books and notebooks. However, to make the
bookshelf more appealing, plentiful and attractive to students, I had them donate
the books they had or had read to the new library. I told students to decorate the
bookshelf, classify the books that they had donated, and put a name tag on each
kind of books. By this way of teaching, my students can easily access to different
kinds of books. The love for reading is nurtured day by day, little by little. By
seeing and playing with many kinds of books every day, my students not only gain
knowledge beyond their textbooks but also have gradually grown fond of reading.

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Students’ favorite classroom corner

2.4. Effectiveness of the research
After applying those new methods in teaching the lesson, I again conduct a
small survey about the attitude of students reading culture. Here is the result:
Before applying new teaching method:

Yes (Number of No (Number of Don’t know/neutral
Question
responses
and responses
and (Number of responses

Percentage)
Percentage)
and Percentage)
1
24(44.5%)
16 (29.6%)
14(25.9%)
2
31(57.5%)
6(11.1%)
18(33.4%)
3
27(50%)
7(13 %)
20(37%)
The table shows that only nearly half of the students like reading
books( 44.5%), nearly one third of the students do not want to read book at all
(29.6%) . Although more than half of the students agree that reading books bring
them benefits and it is necessary to develop this movement, the rate of the students
who say “No” (11.1%, 13%) or “Don’t Know” (33.4%, 37%) is still high (and
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only half of them ( 57.5%) think it is necessary to develop reading culture.
According to the result, the majority of the students are not aware of developing
reading culture.
After applying new teaching method:
Yes (Number of No (Number of Don’t know (Number of

Question
responses
and responses
and responses
and
Percentage)
Percentage)
Percentage)
1
47(87.2%)
2(3.7%)
6 (11,1%)
2
48 (88.9%)
0 (0%)
6(11.1%)
3
50 (93.0%)
0(0%)
4(7%)
The table shows that the number of students like reading books and want to
develop reading culture has increased dramatically.

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3. CONCLUSION
3.1. Conclusion

This study aims at determining my students’ point of view towards reading
culture and raise their awareness of developing it. The new teaching method with
open activities has contributed to motivate students and encourage them to learn the
lesson positively. They have attained the aims of the lesson and understand the
message that the lesson gives them. Moreover, the lesson has changed their attitude
towards reading drastically.
3.2. Proposal
- Because of the fact that the participants in the research were students in
grade 12 only, there are certain limitations. I look forward to learng the other
researchs which is concerned with this topic applied for students in grade
10,11.
- In the process researching the subject, I found that:
* Textbooks,reference materials and equipments used for learning , such as
pictures, recordings, projector........play an important role in English lessons.
However, these facilities are not exploited effectively. As a result, most of the
lessons hardly attract the learners.
* In fact , each formal unit of a lesson is limited in so short time that teachers can
not transmit entire of the basic knowledge as well as the further study in the lesson
to students. To solve this matter, I think school shools schedule the lessons more
sensibly
The suggested solutions mentioned above were experienced by myself
accompanied my colleagues through our teaching and brought positive results than
we had done before. However, the innovation of teaching field is a long process
and it is hard to fit well with all kinds of students. Thus, I would like to receive the
comments and the exchange of ideas from you who have the passionate enthusiasm
in the development of Vietnam education.
Identity of the headmaster

Thanh Hoa, 2nd June 2022
I speak with full conviction that this is the

experience I do it myself, not copying from
the others.

Trieu Thi Dao

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APPENDIX
PHIẾU THĂM DÒ Ý KIẾN HỌC SINH
VỀ VIỆC ĐỌC SÁCH VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN VĂN HÓA ĐỌC TRONG
PHẠM VI LỚP HỌC
Hướng dẫn: Các em hãy trả lời 3 câu hỏi dưới đây bằng cách khoanh vào
đáp án chứa câu trả lời đúng với suy nghĩ của mình nhất.
Câu hỏi 1: Em có thích đọc sách khơng ?
A. Rất thích
B. Bình thường
C. Hồn tồn khơng
Câu hỏi 2: Theo em, đọc sách có mang lại nhiều lợi ích khơng?
A. Rất nhiều
B. Bình thường
C. Hồn tồn khơng
Câu hỏi 3: Theo em có cần thiết phải phát triển văn hóa đọc cho các học sinh
trong trường khơng?
A. Rất cần thiết
B. Bình thường
C. Hồn tồn khơng
Cảm ơn em đã tham gia khảo sát!
Người tham gia khảo sát

(có thể khơng ký tên)

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