ninh bình theo dòng lịch sử

GUYEN
VAN TRO
THE)
DONG
UCH Si). VAN HOA
VAN
HOA DAN TOC

NINHBINH THEODONGUCHSi)'VANHOA

1)1 & & A
NGUYEN
VAN TRO
NINH BINH
THEO DONG UCH SO VAN HOA
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C
NHA XUAT BAN VAN HOA DAN TOC
HA NOI - 2004
3

CUNG BAN DOC
La ngiidi co vai trb quart trong trong
ban quart ly di tich "thang earth Ninh
Birth, 6ng Nguyen Van Trb da di nhieu
tarn huyet vdo cong viec. Cudn sdeh
"Ninh Binh theo dbng lich sic vd van
hod" da ndi len dieu do.
Thoat ddu mdi xem thi thd'y dan gidn:
Cdc bdi viet ve mdi di tich bng ddnh ra
vai tram co bdi vai ngdn chiX de gidi
thieu ve lich sii, khdo td khong gian til
kien true den cdc chi tie't trang tri, cdc
hinh thiic le hoi, ngdy vdo dam, ra dam,
trb dien, Idi ca" Nhulng khi nhin lai todn
bp mdi thd'y cong phu. Qua do ngtfdi ta
co the nhdn dien diCdc gWdng mat van
hod - lich sii ciia non nvtdc Ninh Binh.
Day qua la viing ddt dia link nhdn kiet,
mot thdi Id kinh do vang bong trdi Nam,
mot tac ddt deu gdn lien vdi lich sti dUng
nxidc vd giit nildc khong rieng thdi Dinh -
Le, ma sau nay den Ly, Trdn, Le,
Nguyen" cung de lai nhiing vet tich lich
sii dam net, ma ngtftii dan da vun dap
ghi nhd bang nhiing ngoi chiia, dinh,

5
din, miiu de phung thd tUdng nhd ve
cong lao cua tien nhdn. Do Id nhiing gid
tri lich sii Idn lao cua cdc di tich con lai
din ngdy nay.
Ben canh cdc gid tri lich sii cua cdc di
tich non ntfdc Ninh Binh cung con cd
mot he thong thdng canh quy tu tit Tarn
Diep din Hoa Lie. Nhiing Tarn Cdc, Bich
Dong hiem yiu ma thd mdng, nhiing nui
non du'dc thdi gian got riia de lai cho
Ninh Binh mot thien nhien cam tu khiin
ai mot Idn qua deu de lai ndi nhd nhii la
xii tien canh giita chd'n trdn gian. Di sdn
lich sii van hod vd thdng canh cua Ninh
Binh da tiing la tiem nang cho du lich,
gid day trong sii phdt triin no se du'dc
khai thdc, de ngiidi trong nUdc vd ban be
bd'n phiidng cd dip din chiem ngUdng
vong ve cd qua khii hdo hung cua dng
cha.
Sap tdi Ha Ndi ky niem nghin nam
Thdng Long, ma ddt Hoa Ltf Ninh Binh
cd sii gdn kit lich sii vdi thii do, bdi cudc
thien do cua Nhd Ly tit Hoa Lit din kinh
thdnh Thdng Long nam 1010. Cudn sdch
"Ninh Binh theo dbng lich sii van hod"
ra ddi se Id mot ddng gdp rat cd gid tri
vdo ngdy le trong cua ddt nUdc, la mot
mdn qua quy tang cho ban doc quan tarn

din lich sit cua dan toe.
Miia thu 2004
06
otfc
NINH
BINH
THEO
DONG
L|CH SLf VAN HOA
Song nui thUdng la bieu tUOng cua mot vung
que nhU: Nui Nung song Nhi (Ha Noi), song
Lam
nui Hong (Nghe An), song Huong nui NgU
(Hue),
nui An song Tra (Quang
Ngai),
non Coi
song Vi (Nam
Dinh),
nui Doi song Chau (Ha
Nam),
nui
Thuy
song Van
(Ninh
Binh)

Song Van, mot chi nhanh cua song Day co
anh hUOng sau sac den
ctdi

song van hoa cua
nhan dan
Ninh
Binh,
dong song nay chia doi
thi
xa
Ninh
Binh.
Thi xa
Ninh
Binh
dUOc
hinh
thanh
0
ciia
nUdc nga ba song, noi gap nhau
giQa
song Day va song Van. Ttf xa xUa nga ba
song nay da la cho Ca va ben
Niia.
T\i cho Ca
nay da phat
trien
thanh mot trung tam
kinh
te
va
chfnh

tri van hoa cua mot
vung,
roi cua mot
tinh.
Vung
dat nay nhieu huyen
tich
va huyen
thoai.
Song Van con goi la Van Sang gan v6i
7
truyen thuyet ve Le Hoan khi thang Tdng trd
ve, Dudng Van Nga da dem mot doan cung nQ
ra don va md tiec giao hoan v6i nha vua d tren
ddng song. Cai ten Van
Sang
(giUdng may) da
ra ddi tii do. Ve sau nhan dan da lap den
ThUdng
thd Le Hoan va
Difdng
Van Nga d ven
bd
song
Van va ca ngdi
bang
doi cau doi:
KhUdc
T6ng khai ca lUu
thxi

dia
Tiep
Dinh
chinh thdng thu vu thien
(Nghia
la; Khuc ca thang T6ng con truyen d
dat nay/N6i tiep nen chinh thdng cua nha
Dinh
hop menh
trdi)
Nui
Thuy con goi la nui Non Nude. Mot qua
nui
nho 0 nga ba song, da chiing kien dau
tich
cua nhieu thdi ky
lich
sii. Ngay tii thdi Ly
Nhan Tong vao nam Quang HUu
thijf
7 (1091)
ong cha ta da xay
thap
Linh
Te tren nui. Trai
qua mUa
nang
thap
bi do, den thdi Tran Hien
Tdng,

nha sU Tri Nhu da xay lai
thap
Linh
Te
0 tren dinh nui, sau nam mdi xong (1337 -
1342). TrUdng Han Sieu mot danh si thdi Tran
da co nhieu ky niem vdi nui Non Nu6c. Trong
bai "Due Thuy Sdn
Linh
Te
thap
ky", TrUdng
Han Sieu da cho biet "Thap cao bdn tang, dem
toa hao quang, ngUdi d xa, gan den trong thay
r5".
TrUdng Han Sieu cung la ngUdi do'i ten nui
8
tii
Bang Son thanh Due Thuy Son (Chim tra
tarn).
Cac vua Le cung dat
hanh
cung 6" tren nui
Thuy de thdi thUdng den chdi tham. Nha
Nguyln
cung cho dat "NQ Tuong" (Tudng bao
quanh), chdi
Phao,
xUcing. due
sung

0 tren
nui
v.v
Nui
Thuy con la de tai cua cac thi
nhan
xUa
va nay. Hiem co ngon nui nao cd gan 40 bai thd
van
khac
vao nui nhU nui Thuy va con den
hang
tram bai thd vinh
canh
cua cac nha thd
qua cac trieu dai: Tran Anh Tdng,
Pham
Su
Manh,
TrUdng Han Sieu, Nguygn
Trai,
Le
Thanh Tdng,
Phan
Huy Ich, Ngd Thi Nham,
Ninh
Tdn, Cao Ba
Quat,
Nguyln Khuyen,
Pham

Van Nghi v.v
Nui
Thuy,
song
Van la bieu tUdng cua Ninh
3inh,
con ndia-ong ra day la mot vung "Tii
giac
nUdc"
(1)
dUdc tao^bdi
song
Day,
song
Hoang
Long
va
Song
Van.
Ninh
Binh
ngay
nay cd 6 huyen la Nho
Quan, Gia Vien, Hoa Lu, Yen Md, Yen Khanh,
Kim
Sdn va thi xa la Ninh Binh va Tarn Diep,
trong do thi xa Ninh Binh la trung tarn chinh
tri,
kinh te, van hoa cua
tinh.

<
1
>
ChO dung cua giao su Tran Quoc Vugng
9
Vung dat nay co ning nui,
dong
bang
va ven
bien,
la
vung
dem giiia Bac bo va Trung bo.
Vung dat phu sa co ven
chan
nui co con
ngudi
cU tru tu: rat sdm. Cac nha
khao
co hoc
da.
phat
hien
tram
tich co xUOng
rang
dudi Udi
va cac
dong
vat

tren
can 0 Nui Ba (Tarn
Diep
thuoc
so ky do da cu
each
ta
khoang
30 van
nam
(1)
0
Thung
Lang
(Tarn Diep) co
nien
dai
each
ta
khoang
30 nghin nam,
dong
NgUOi XUa
(Cue
PhUOng)
co di chi cU tru cua con ngUdi
thdi van hoa Hoa Binh
each
ta:
7.580+100

nam. Di tich cua con ngUdi van hoa Hoa Binh
con tim
thay
d mot sd'
hang
dong
d Tam Diep,
Nho
Quan.
Sau thdi ky van hoa Hoa Binh, cac
nha
Khao
cd' cho
rang
vung
dong
bang
ven
bien
Thanh
Hoa, Ninh Binh la ndi dinh cU cua con
ngUdi thdi dai do da mdi Viet Nam. Di chi
Dong
VUdn (Yen
Thanh,
Yen Md) da
dUdc
dinh
nien
dai

muon
hdn di chi Go Trung (Di chi Go
Trung cd
nien
dai C
14
:4700±50 nam
each
ngay
nay)
(2)
.
Cu dan co di chi
Dong
Vuon da
phat
<1
> Theo nha dja chat hoc Xoranh, thi do la xuong rang
ngudi nguyen thuy, nhi/ng chua tim thay cong cu lao
dong
<2>
Trinh Hoang Hiep, Ha Van Phung ket qua khai quat
di chi Dong VUdn Ian thd nhat, nhu'ng phat hien mdi ve
khao cd hoc nam 2002 NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi Ha Ndi
2003. Tr 105 -107
10
trien
len cU dan cd di chi Man Bac (Yen Thanh,
Yen
Mo) 0 giai

doan
van hoa do dong tii cuoi
Phung
Nguyen den dau Dong Dau
each
ta
3.300
-
3.700
nam
(1)
Trong qua trinh kien tao dia
chat,
bien lui
dan tao ra dong
bang
vung ha lUu
song
Day.
Con ngUdi tien dan ra chiem
linh
vung dong
bang
ven bien va tao ra nhQng trung tarn van
hoa nhu Hoa Lu sau la kinh do cua ca nUdc
trong 42 nam (968 - 1010), vung ven
song
Van
sau la trung tarn cua dao, tran rdi tinh Ninh
Binh.

The ky XVI -
XVII,
dao Thien
Chua
dude
truyen vao Ninh
Binh,
dan dan hinh thanh
trung tarn Thien
Chua
Giao
Phat
Diem. Cong
trinh
kien true nha thd da
Phat
Diem tuy la
kien
true Thien
Chua
Giao, nhUng van dam
sac thai phUdng Dong.
Dau an ve bien tien con in dam tren dat
Ninh
Binh.
Nhiing dia
danh:
Ciia bien
Phuc
Thanh (thi xa Ninh Binh), ciia bien Dai An

(Nay la nga ba Doc Bd), ndi tiep giap giuta Yen
Khanh va Nghia Hung, Nam Dinh cUa bien
Con Meo (Yen Thanh, Yen Md), cxla Can (Yen
Mac, Yen Md), ctia bien Than Phu (Yen Lam,
(1
>
Ha Van Phung Ket qua khai quat Ian
thCr
nhat di chi
Man
Bac. NhOng phat hien mdi ve khao co hoc nam
1999
NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi Ha Noi 2000. Tr 202-205
11
Yen
Mo) lam cho chung ta co cam tudng mot
thdi
bien con d dau day, cung v6i cac dia
danh
ve cac
cu*a
bien la cac con de
lich
sii nhu de
Hong Dtic (1471), de Hong
Linh
(1773) do
Nguyln
Nghiem than phu Nguyen Du dap de
DUdng

Quan (1830), de Hong An (1899, de
Hoang True (1927), de Van Hai (1933 - 1934),
de Binh
Minh
I (1959 - 1960), de Binh
Minh
II
(1981) Cho den nay vung dat Ninh Binh van
tien
ra bien mdi nam gan 100m va ngUdi Kim
Sdn van "Lan cdi ra khdi dUa
chan
trdi
gan
lai".
Ninh Binh la mot trong nhiing tinh dien
hinh
ve sU md rong khong gian van hoa
Viet
xudng bien Dong. Tii
ngan
xUa ngUdi dan Ninh
Binh
van hu6ng ra bien, khat vong chinh
phuc
bien, don
nhan
cac luong dan cu", cac yeu to'
van hoa tii bac vao nam, tu: bien vao.
Kinh

te
bien con in dam trong cac di chi van hoa thdi
ky
do dong. Cho den nay kinh te bien con dong
vai
trd
quan
trong trong nen kinh te cua
tinh.
Khai
thac
kinh te bien nhu
nghe
danh
bat ca
bien, nudi torn su, torn rao, nudi cua v.v. van la
hu6ng
phat
trien
quan
trong. Nhu vay ben
canh
van hoa cua cU dan
Viet
cd', Ninh Binh
(1)
Mdi dac la 60m. Xem Nguydn Canh Minh - Dao To
Uyen:
Cong cuoc khan hoang thanh lap huyen Kim Son
(Ky SCru

1829). Kim Son 1990. Tr 73 - 74.
12
con co "van hoa mdi" cua cU dan ven
bien.
Nep
song
cua cU dan lan
bien
mang
tinh
chat
dong
trong
vung
van hoa mdi trUOng
bien.
Day nui da vdi d
phia
tay nam cua tinh
chay
dai ra tan
bien
theo
hudng
tay bac -
dong
nam
da tao ra
nhieu
hang

dong
ky thu nhU:
Tarn
Cdc, Bich
Dong,
dong
Thien
Ton,
dong
Hoa
Sdn,
dong
Ban Long,
dong
Tam
Giao,
dong
Ma
Tien v.v. Bich
Dong
thdi
phong
kien da.
dude
menh
danh
la "Nam
thien
de nhi
dong"

(Dong
dep
thii
nhi du6i trdi Nam, sau HUdng Tich).
Dich Long la "Nam
thien
de tam
dong"
(dong
dep
thii
ba dUdi trdi Nam). O
phia
nam thi xa
Ninh Binh cd
nudt
qua nui
giong
hinh mot
canh
dieu
bay goi la nui
Canh
Dieu, lai cd hinh
nhU mot ngUdi
thieu
nu" nam
ngika
nhin trdi goi
la

Ngoc
My
Nhan
(NgUdi con gai dep nhu
ngoc)
da
dUdc
ca ngdi:
"Ngoc My Nhdn, di Ngoc My Nhan I ddt nUdc
tac em, toe xod, ngiic tran I Nghin the ky doi
trdi, dap ddt I Tit luc bien vd con song bdn
xung quanh
<v
"
(Pham Vinh)
Nhiing hdn nui sat ven
song,
soi minh
xudng
song
Hoang
Long,
song
Day,
song
Van tao
<
1>
Tha chon loc NXB Van hoc Ha Ndi 2001. Tr 140
thanh

nhiing
canh
ngoan
muc.
Trong
bai thd
"Ninh Binh dao
trung"
(qua dat Ninh Binh),
nha tho Cao Ba
Quat
da ca ngdi:
"Song tiia dai la cd gdi dep I nui nhii chen 6c
khdch lang say I trdng thanh, gid mat kho vd
tan I chi scf nhd thd d mdi day".
"Dia linh" ay da tao nen
nhutng
"Nhan
kiet"
nhU anh
hung
dan toe Dinh Bo Linh, cac
danh
tu6ng
Dinh Dien,
Nguyen
Bac, Trinh Tu, LUu
Cd,
hoang
hau hai vua DUdng Van Nga,

Quoc
sU
Nguyen
Minh Khong, nha tho TrUdng Han
Sieu,
bang
nhan
Vu Duy
Thanh,
tien si Ninh
Ton,
danh
nhan
van hoa Vu.
Pham
Khai,
Pham
Than
Duat
v.v.
Do d vao vi tri
chien
lUdc ra bac vao nam,
vung
dat
song
Van, nui
Thuy
da chiing kien
biet

bao sU kien lich sii oai hiing cua dan toe,
bao dau tich lich sii con nam d
khap
ndi
trong
dinh,
chua,
den,
mieu,
tiJng
ngon
nui con
song.
Day con la
vung
dat rut lui
chien
lUdc de vao
Thanh
Hoa'cua
tudng
Do DUdng thdi Hai Ba
TrUng, dat
phat
tich cua Dinh Bd Linh, la kinh
do cua ca
nUdc
trong
42 nam, dat
dung

nghiep
cua
Tran
Ngdi .v.v
Cung
vdi cac di tich lich sii - van hoa la mot
kho
tang
van hoa dan
gian
nhu le hoi
truyen
thong
co" do Hoa Lu, 14" hoi den Thai Vi, den
14
Thanh Nguyen, den Dau, hoi vat Yen Ve .v.v.
cac cong
trinh
kien true nhu den vua
Dinh,
den
vua Le, dinh Trung ha, dinh Trung thuong,
dinh
Thanh Nguyen, lang
cheo
Phiic Tri, Nam
Dan,
ThUdng
Kiem,
nhQng trung tam hat chau

van d den Dau, phu Doi v.v. nhieu lang
nghe
truyen
thdng nhU
nghe
dieu
khac
da He
DUdng,
Xuan Vu,
nghe
mdc
Phuc
Ldc,
nghe
theu ren Van Lam,
nghe
chieu cdi d Kim
Sdn v.v.
Van
hoa cua vung que nui Thuy, song Van
hoa dong thdng nhat trong van hoa chau thd'
bac bo cd dan xen van hoa mien Trung. Cd nha
nghien
ciiu
dat van de: Cd mot nen van hoa
Hoa Lu the ky X? Phai chang nen van hoa ay
cd
SL(C
song manh

liet
tao nen ban sac van hoa
Ninh
Binh.
15
DONG
NGI/OI
Xl/A VA
RLTNG
NGUYEN
SINH
CUC PHUONG
Tren dudng vao ring nguyen sinh Cue
PhUOng du khach thay hai day nui da voi suing
sufng chay
theo
hudng tay bac - dong nam,
khep kin lai vung dat giap
gidi
ba
tinh
Ninh
Binh,
Hoa
Binh
va Thanh Hoa, tao thanh cac
16'i
chan ngang nhu Quen Thach, Quen Xeo,
quen Voi, quen Dang va nhieu hang dong dep
nhU

dong Trang khuyet, hang con Moong, dong
Thanh
Minh,
dong
NgUdi
Xua v.v. Tai day du
khach se dUdc
nghe
mot truyen thuyet ky thu
la
trong chien
dich
than t6'c nam ngay dem xoa
tan bong thu vao dau xuan Ky Dau (1789) mot
doan quan cua Quang Trung da qua day. Khi
len
den
dinh
deo, mot con voi da
kiet
siic va d
lai
do. Cai ten quen Voi da ra ddi
tijf
day.
Trong
cac hang dong cua
ring
nguyen sinh
Cue PhUOng, dong

NgUdi
Xua la ndi tieng nhat.
Dong
Ngiidi
Xua la ten goi cua hang Dang
Dang Cue PhUdng, tieng
MUdng
cd nghia la
Hang Ddi. Dong quay huefng dong nam, cd vom
cao 45m, trong nhu mieng mot con rong khd'ng
16
lo
co dien
tich
khoang 30m
2
, tudng ddi
bang
phang. Ben phai ddng con mot
ngach
nia
thdng ra cia
khac
nhU mot ld'i ra. Vach da cd
nhieu nhu ma khi go vao cd tieng nhU tieng
cong, tieng chieng cua ngUOi MUdng.
NgUdi
MUdng
con goi day la
hang

Ma vdi truyen
thuyet xUa kia vao nhing budi chieu ta, ma
thUdng hien ra lu
lUdt
keo nhau xudhg lay
nUdc. Phai
chang
day la anh xa cua mot thdi
ngUdi
nguyen thuy da ting
song
d
day?
Lan
theo
truyen thuyet do va can ci vao
nhiing
hien vat tim thay d
hang
nam 1966
Vien
Khao cd' hoc da. khai
quat
dong
NgUdi
XUa.
Ket qua khai
quat
cho biet ngUOi nguyen
thuy d day da de lai mot tang van hoa gdm cd

d'c su6i, d'c nui ciing xUdng rang ddng vat cong
cu
lao dong va than tro day tdi 2m, trong do cd
39 cong cu, do da va vd
trai,
so, trung true, do
gd'm,
v.v
Nguon
song
chinh cua ngUdi nguyen
thuy d day la hai
lUdm
cdc vat, trai cay, re cay
ring
hoang
dai, b&t cac loai nhuyen the nhu d'c
nui,
d'c sud'i lam thic an chinh. ^
da biet ding da cudi, ba
podephinrit, quacdit, da, cat v.v
nhing
chie'e
riu da ding de
chat
sang
tao ra nhing
chiec
nao md]
vd

cay, da thu. Ho con
nhat
trcjn^o^
Jsud'i
^
nhing
vien cudi Idn de lam cd'ij nnufAg (vien
1
hung holcung
<Hn,
t
2
lidlit,
^yhltko
ra
ayf^hl
ling
^
I
i%^
nao
2-NBTDLS
17
cudi
trdn de lam chay nghien hat.
NgUdi
hang
Dang con biet nan dat set va nung lam do
dUng,
nhiing noi vd cua ho dUdc nan bang tay

va dUdc che tao bang ban xoay, dUdc trang tri
van
thing,
van an vet 1dm hinh trang khuyet.
Dieu
do chi rd cudc song dinh cU cua ngUdi
nguyen thuy d day. Trong tang van hoa con
tim
dUdc xUdng rang cac
loai
ddng vat nhU:
vUdn,
khi, ga'u, lOn
ring,
hUdu nai va mot so'
loai
gam nha'm, do ngUdi nguyen thuy san bat
dUdc dem ve hang, an va vit b6 lai, ching to
san bat cing gii mot vi tri
xing
dang nhu mot
nguon thic an quan trong .
NgUdi
nguyen thuy
d
day chua lam nha ma hang. Dang chinh la
"nha" cua ho. NhUng day khong chi la ndi cU
tru,
ma con la khu md tang. 0 day con tim
thay 3 ngdi md cd' d do sau 0,40m va 1,40m

chdn theo tu the nam, ngdi xdm. Cd the day la
tuc
trdi
ngUdi chet trUdc khi dem chdn, vi sd
hai
"con ma" trd ve lam hai ngUdi sd'ng Ba
ngdi
md cd ca'u trie doc dao, xung quanh xep
da hoc, day rai da ram, lai dUdc quan gan be'p
lia,
phan anh tam ly mud'n ngUdi chet ludn
ludn
gan gii vdi
minh,
cd mo con dUdc rac thd
9
hoang de trang tri.
NgUdi
hang Dang da cd y
J
Khao
cd hoc
Viet
Nam
Giao
stf Ha Van Tan chu
bien.
NXB Khoa
hoc xa hoi Ha Noi 1998 Tr 190
18

niem
ve the"
gidi
ben kia, nen da chdn
theo
ngUOi
chet
mot so" cong cu sinh
hoat
bang
da va
mot so" do trang sic
bang
vo nhuyln the.
Khoa hoc da xac minh nien dai ngudi nguyen
thuy
song
d day
each
ta
7.580
± 100 nam, thudc
nen van hoa Hoa
Binh.
Tham xong ddng Ngudi XUa du khach se
dUOc tham ring nguyen sinh Cue PhUOng, mot
kieu
ring kin thUdng xanh cd ket cau nhieu
tang, dien hinh cua nhing ving
thap

d
Viet
Nam
chua
bi ban tay con ngUdi khai pha.
Ring
nguyen sinh Cue PhUdng rdng
22.200ha
day la ndi gap nhau cua cac ludng
thUc vat di thUc, cd 1944 loai thUc vat, trong
do cd 433 loai cay lam thudc, 239 loai cay an
dUdc, cd 37 loai thUc vat nam trong
sach
do
cd
nhieu cay cao to khd'ng lo, dudng
kinh
than
5 - 6m, chieu cao ti 40 - 70m nhu cay "cho
ngan nam", cay gi hUOng thdm
ngat,
cay xau
banh ve Nhing day leo than go vUdn dai nhu
nhing
voi
bach
tudc, turn lay nhing than cay
ma trUdn di
hang
tram met. Cd nhing day leo

thang xuong hai ben dudng nhU nhing
chiec
vong dUdc menh danh. "Vong ring mUa nhiet
ddi"
du khach cd the nghi thoai mai, Du khach
m
Theo
PGS. TS
Nguyin KhSc SCr
19
con
dUdc mua "dua kim giao" voi cau chuyen
tinh
cam dong.
Cung v6i quan he thUc vat, quan he dong vat
d
Cue PhUOng cung phat
trien
khong kern phan
da dang. Budc dau dieu tra da thay co 250
loai
dong vat co xUOng song trong do co 97
loai
thu
hOn
100
loai chim,
67
loai
bo sat, 43

loai
ludng
cU,
co 36
loai
dong vat co trong
sach
dd ddng
vat cua
Viet
Nam, trong do cd nhing ddng vat
ndi
tieng nhU: sdc bung do, ca niet hang, tran
gam, gau ngUa, bao gam,
nhiing
loai
chim
dep
nhu.
Vet, phUdng hoang dat, ga ldi, vang anh
v.v.
dac biet la budm nhieu vd ke, du
loai,
du
mau, thang 4 - 5 hang nam la ngay hoi cua
loai
budm.
Truyen
ke
rang ngay

xua cd mot
nang cong chua
ten la
Kim Ngan,
yeu mot
chang trai ngheo
kho ten la
Giao
Thuy, nhung
bi vua cha
ngan
cam. De the
hien long
chung thuy
cua
minh,
doi
trai
gai da
quyen sinh.
it lau
sau tren
mo ddi
trai
gai da mgc len mot cay,
canh
dai, la
thon
rat dep,
ngudi

ta
dung canh
dd de vdt dua. Bay gid
6 trong trieu
cd
nhieu
phe
canh.
Mot
horn
bgn
phan
nghich
da bo
thudc
doc vao
thdc
an cua vua. Vua gap
thdc
an
thay
dau dua
stii
bot.
Ngac nhien,
nha vua cho
kiem
tra, thi
biet
la cd

thudc
doc. Vua hoi dua
dugc
vdt
tit
go gi. Khi
duoc biet
dua
dugc
vdt td
canh
cay mgc
tren
mg con
minh,
thi nha vua vd
cung
an han. Nha vua
da
dat ten cho dua la "dua Kim
Giao"
de ghi nhd mdi
tinh
chung thuy
cua ddi
trai
gai.
20
Sinh
thdi

Bac Ho rat quan tam den
ring
nguyen
sinh Cue PhUdng: Dau nam 1969, mac
du
sue khoe da yeu,
NgUOi
van cd y
dinh
di
tham,
nen can bd va cong nhan
vUdn
qud'c gia
Cue PhUOng da khan
trUOng
lam chiec thang
sit
265 bac de ddn Bac len tham ddng
NgUdi
Xua.
NhUng
vi sic khoe qua yeu, Bac khong di
tham
dUOc. Ti do can bd va cong nhan
vUdn
qud'c gia Cue PhUOng da goi chiec thang nay la
"chiec thang Bac Ho" de ky
niem
tam

long
cua
can bd, cong nhan
vUOn
qud'c gia Cue PhUdng
ddi
vdi Bac.
21
NHQNG
DI
TICH
THO
CAC
Vj
TI/6NG
CUA HAI BA
TRl/NG
Mua xuan nam 40, Hai Ba TrUng phat cd
khdi
nghia, nhan dan boh quan Giao Chi,
Ctiu
Chan, Nhat Nam, Hop Phd'nhat te hudng
ting.
Anh
xa cua cudc
khdi
nghia Hai Ba
TrUng
tren
dat

Ninh
Binh
la cac den thd cac vi tudng
cua Hai Ba
TrUng.
Ngay nay d
Ninh
Binh
con 7
ndi
thd 13 vi tUcmg nam va ni cua Hai Ba
TrUng.
Den
ben Oi, xa. Gia Van va den Me, thi tran
Me
huyen Gia
Vien
thd bdn chi em gai goi la tii
vi
Hong Nuong, sinh ra va Idn len tii vung nui
Da
Han, da len Hat Mdn cung Hai Ba
TrUng
khdi
nghia. Den Say xa Sdn Thanh, huyen Nho
Quan thd
VUdng
Tien hay Ngoc Quang cong
chua que d day, da
nghe

theo tieng goi
ciiu
nU6c cua Hai Ba
TrUng,
den Ddng Hoi xa
Ninh
An,
huyen Hoa Lu thd ba anh em Ddng But,
Dieu
Vu va Ngoc Nfi Tran Thi Hoa, que d lang
Hoa
Mien
(Thanh
Liem,
Ha Nam). Ve vung
Hoang Sdn Ha khu gia lam tang ni d chua de
22
chieu
tap nghia binh, rdi mdi keo len Hat Mdn
tu
nghia. Den Ha Thien Trao xa
Ninh
Sdn thd
dng Le Hoa la ngUdi
tinh
thong vo
nghe
theo
Hai
Ba

TrUng
danh giac lap dUdc chien cong,
dUOc phong la Hoa
Diem
phd' hoa tudng quan,
dUdc hudng thUc a'p d xa Yen Cu. Den Phung
Ban,
xa Yen Hung, huyen Yen Md thd dng Le
Cong Phiic la mot vi tudng cua Hai Ba
TrUng.
Den
ThUdng, thdn
Binh
Hai, xa Yen Nhan,
huyen Yen Md va den Ddng
Binh
Hoa, xa
Khanh
Hong, huyen Yen Khanh thd ba anh em
Bach Ngoc, Bach Tii va Tam Nuong da phat cd
khdi
nghia d mien bien, huyen Yen Md, roi mdi
len
Hat Mdn tu nghia.
Qua kiem ke di
tich,
chung ta biet:
-
Til vi Hong NUdng hoat ddng d vung Gia
Vien.

-
Dd'ng But,
Dieu
Vu, Ngoc Nut Tran Thi Hoa
va Le Hoa hoat ddng d vung Hoa Lu.
-
Ngoc Quang hoat ddng d vung Nho Quan
Bach Ngoc, Bach Tii, Tam NUdng hoat ddng d
vung
bac huyen Yen Md.
Ben
canh den thd cac vi tudng cua Hai Ba
TrUng,
qua than
tich
chiing ta con biet mot so'
vi
tudng cua Hai Ba
TrUng
que d vung dat
Ninh
Binh
ngay nay dUdc thd d nhiing ndi
khac. Dd la dinh ThUdng Cat, huyen Tii
Liem,
23