Báo cáo " Một số tác động tâm lý của địch nhằm chi phối tính tích cực của ý thức quân nhân hiện nay" ppt

MOT SO
THU
DOAN
TAC DONG TAM LY CUA
OjCH
NHAM CHI PHOI TINH TICH
CUC
CUA Y THUC QUAN NHAN HIEN NAY
Bui Van Ca
Hoc vien Chinh tri.
Tfnh tfch cue cua y thiic la phdm chat rdt quan trgng
ciia
nhan cdch ndi
len
su nd luc cd
lua
chgn cua
chii
the nhdm thuc day, dinh hudng, dieu khidn,
didu chinh, nang cao chat lugng, hieu qud boat ddng
phii
hgp vdi muc dfch,
nhiem vu dat ra. Cd nhidu nhan td tao nen tfnh tfch cue
ciia
y thue quan nhan,
nhung
CO
bdn vd quan trgng nhdt la he thd'ng nhu cdu, ddng co vd nidm tin. Day
cung chinh Id nhirng tidu didm tdc dgng tam ly
ciia chii
nghia dd qud'c vd cdc

the
lire thii
dich nhdm chi phdi, thay ddi nhan thiic
ciia
quan nhan, thuc hien am
muu "phi chfnh tri hda" quan ddi.
Di
ngan chan, vd hieu hod nhirng tdc ddng tam ly
ciia
dich nham chi
phdi tfnh tfch
cue ciia
y thiic quan nhan hien nay, edn phdi cdnh gidc vdi cdc
thu doan
chii
yeu
ciia
chiing sau day:
1.
Thu doan tac dgng den nhu cau cua quan nhan
Nhu cdu Id ngudn gd'c tfnh tfch cue
ciia
y thiic vd boat ddng
ciia
quan
nhan.
Id nhirng ddi hdi khdch quan
ciia
quan nhan cdn dugc thod man dd tdn tai
vd phdt trien. Cdc nhu cau cua quan nhan dugc hinh thanh trong qud trinh sdng

va boat ddng quan su, trong he thd'ng cac quan he xa hgi, quan he quan nhan,
dudi cac tdc ddng
ciia
mdi trudng, hodn cdnh, gido due
ciia
xii hdi, quan ddi vd
don vi. Nhu cdu
ciia
quan nhan khdng phdi bdt bien md bidn ddi theo hoan cdnh
sdng. Qud trinh quan nhiin boat dgng, tham gia cdc quan he xa hgi de thod man
nhu cdu se ldm nay sinh nhu cau mdi.
Tdc ddng vdo nhu cdu cua quan nhan, ke dich dirng phuong thiie tao ra
cdc dieu kien vat chat, van hod, tinh thdn ldm ndy sinh nhirng nhu cau mdi theo
muc tidu
ciia
chiing. Hien nay, vdi cdc phuong tien thdng tin truydn thdng
eiia
TAP CHi
TAM
LY
HOC.
Sd 3
(132),
3 -
2010
29
dich sir dung phd bien thu thuat "dinh hudng" nhan thuc bdng each trinh bay
dac didm, tfnh dgc dao
ciia
ddi tugng ma ngudi sir dung quan tam nhat, cd the

"bidn mdt
ddi
tugng xa
la,
khdng quen thdnh quen vd cdn thie't"(l) thi viec tao
ra nhii'ng nhu cdu mdi trong tam thuc
ciia
con ngudi Id viec lam dd dang. Dc
"tao didu kien tdi da" cho su thod man nhu cdu, Igi fch cua quan nhan hien nay,
chil
nghia dd qud'c vd cdc the
luc tbii
dich dang ra
siic
chia
mQi
nhgn tuyen
truyen nhdm kheu ggi, khuye'n khfch loi sdng thuc dung, tuyet ddi hoa nhu cau,
Igi fch cd nhan trudc mdt, coi cdi cd fch, cd Igi cho cd nhan
la
chan
ly,
dd cao tu
do cd nhan, tach rdi vd ddi lap lgi fch ca nhan vdi lgi fch tap thd,
lam lech
lac
cac dinh hudng gid tri
ciia
can bd, chien si, bien dang bd mat nhan
each

quan
nhan, tdn hai de'n lgi fch
ciia
cdng ddng, xa hdi, quan ddi, don vi.
2.
Thu doan tac dgng den dgng co cua quan nhan
Trong thuc te cugc sdng va boat ddng, quan nhan cd rat nhidu nhu cau,
nhidu ddi tugng cd thd thod man nhu cdu. Vl vay. ddng co thiic day quan nhan
boat ddng cdng rat da dang, phiic tap ca ve ndi dung vd chidu hudng, tham
chi
cdn trdi ngugc nhau lam ndy sinh su dau tranh ddng co. Thuc chat qud trinh
dau tranh ddng co Id qud trinh gidi quyet cac mau thudn dien ra trong tirng
chii
thd, gidi quydt cdc mdi quan he cd nhan vdi hodn cdnh ben ngoai. Qua trinh nay
lam
cho cac dgng co
ciia
quan nhan dugc sdp xep
lai,
cd
thii
bac, trong dd
thudng cd mgt nhdm ddng co giir vai trd chu dao.
Nhdm Idm xdo trdn vd thay ddi
thii
bac cua ddng co, theo dd
la
su thay
ddi hudng va tfnh chat
ciia

hdnh vi, boat ddng
ciia
quan nhan, ke dich lgi dung
dac didm vd nhan thiie, dac biet la nhirng ban che vd nhan thiic chfnh tri cua cac
quan nhan tre dd chi phdi cdc ddng co chfnh tri - xa hdi,
lam lech
lac, bien
dang, hoac ddy cdc dgng co chinh tri - xa hdi xudng hang
thii
yeu. De chi phdi
ddng eo chinh tri - xa hdi, ke dich tdc ddng vdo quan nhan theo hai hudng co
bdn: hudng
thii
nhdt, tap trung tuyen truydn phu nhan chu nghia Mac - Lenin,
tu tudng Hd Chf Minh, dudng
Idi
chfnh tri
ciia
Dang Cdng sdn Viet Nam, co
che lanh dao
eiia
Ddng ddi vdi quan
dgi,
chiic nang, nhiem vu
ciia
quan ddi;
hudng thu bai, nhdn manh tfnh hgp ly
ciia chii
nghia da nguyen, thuyet hdi tu,
chil nghia cd nhan,

chii
nghia thuc dung, quan niem vd "Tu do", "Dan chu",
"Nhan quydn", "Chu nghia tu bdn uu viet" theo kidu phuong Tay. Su ket hgp
ddng thdi giua cdc hudng tdc dgng tren ddu nhdm muc dfch lam cho ddi tugng
tuyen truydn xdo trdn be gid tri, ddng eo
chii
dao, xdi mdn
vice
bdo vd chinh
quyen vd
kiem
sodt cde gid tri
eiia
Nha nudc. Vdi nhirng pham
vi
quan he xa
hgi.
giao
km vd cdc kenh truydn thdng ma quan nhan
tidp
xuc trong thdi ky hgi
nhap qude td,
biing
nd thdng tin hien nay
thi
can bd,
chicn sT
cdn phdi canh giac
vdi cdc thu doan dd.
Dieu

ddng lu'u y
hien
nay, vdi su nd luc rat
Idn
cua cdc chuydn gia tam
ly. phuong
Tiiy
dang "tao ra hlnh tugng ngu'di hiing" vung ndm dam, vu khf va
30
TAP CHi
TAM
LY
HOC.
Sd 3
(132).
3 -
2010
cdc hdnh vi bao ngugc tren phim, anh, video, truyen
hinh,
van hod phdm. sach
bdo,
van hgc Su "bdp ddn"
ciia
nd ddn tdi "thdm hoa ngheo di vd mat tinh
thdn vd
sir
tan nhdn
ciia
ddi sdng xa hgi"(2), gay ra su dnh hudng sau sdc ve
nhan thirc, khiing hodng cdc tieu chudn gid tri xa hgi va dgng luc hdnh vi cua

nhan dan va quan ddi, dac biet nd cdn
Id
ddng
lue
kfch thfch rat manh me ban
nang phd hoai va tu phd hoai
ciia
cdc binh si ddi phuong. Quan nhan tre d cdc
don vi
CO
sd hien nay edn
phdi
cdnh gidc vdi
sir
tham nhap
ciia
nhting sdn phdm
van hod ay.
Can thiep thd bao vdo ddng
lire
hdnh vi
ciia
ngudi linh, ke dich cdn
thdng qua cdc phuong tien thdng
tin,
truyen thdng hien dai, cdc trd cboi Game
Online, cdc trang Web
tinh
due,
cdc dang van hod phdm khdc

"phii
hgp" vdi
dac diem tam
ly liia
tudi, tfnh chat boat dgng vd
gidi
trf
ciia
ldp tre dd kfch thfch
tinh trang dam d, bao luc, thiic ddy "cai tdi dam me", "cdi tdi vd thiic", "thd
gidi hudng lac" nhdm ldm cho quan nhan bidn dang dgng co
chii
dao, dgng
CO
cd y thiic, ddn dan sao nhang vd chfnh tri.
Nhu vay. ddng thdi vdi su tac ddng
true
dien vdo dgng eo chfnh tri, ke
dich cdn sir dung nhidu tdc ddng vdi cdc quy md, cudng do va each td chirc da
dang tren nhidu linh vuc, vdi nhieu
kdnb
khdc nhau nhdm kich thfch, khoi day
nhirng bdn nang, kbdt vgng ddi thudng
ciia
con ngudi. Su tdc ddng da dang dy
lam
cho cdn bg, chien
.si
de
Idn

Idn, khd phan biet dugc
phdi
trdi, dung sai, tich
cue,
tieu cue , rdi nhidu trong
sir
dau tranh hinh thdnh ddng co.
3.
Thu doan tac dgng vao niem tin cua quan nhan
Ciing vdi nhirng tdc ddng de'n he thd'ng nhu cdu, dgng co, ke dich cdn
danh vdo nidm
tin ciia
quan nhan, thdnh phdn quan trgng nhdt
ciia
the gidi
quan, mdt co sd, ngudn gdc rat quan trgng cbi phdi tfnh tfch cue
ciia
y thiic.
Hieu rd nhiing quy
luat
hlnh thdnh, phdt tridn nidm tin, ke dich dang
tang cudng sir dung nhidu phuong tien thdng tin tuyen truydn dd thdm thdu
nhan thiic, nidm tin cua quan nhan. Hien nay, su dung phuong phdp mem hod,
trong tuyen truydn dich ne trdnh viec true
tidp
ddi ddu vdi cdc quan diem mang
tfnh chfnh tri tu tudng rd ret, it dua ra cdc thdng tin, quan diem ddi lap vdi
nhirng quan diem, nidm tin da dugc dinh hlnh trong eon ngudi, cdc nhdm
ngudi, quan nhan vd tap thd quan nhan. Cdc thdng tin
ciia

dich thudng khdi ddu
bdng nhiing van de, su kien "khdch quan", "luong thien" gid tao, nhirng "quan
diem chung", "mdi quan tam chung", "Igi fch chung" nhdm tao nen
sir
tuong
hgp,
thu hep khodng each giiia quan didm tuyen truyen
ciia
chung vdi quan
diem da dugc dinh hlnh
ciia
ddi tugng tuyen truydn, tidp dd hg tirng budc
cdi
dat cdc thdng tin mang tfnh phd hoai ehfnh tri, tu tudng, nidm tin, dao
due
va
loi sdng
ciia
con ngudi. Cdc thdng
tin
chfnh tri dugc long ghep, dan xen
vdi
cdc
thu muc nhu: "Nghe si vd ddi sdng". "Tho nhac", "Thdn tuong thd thao" Su
TAP
CHi
TAM
LY
HOC.
Sd 3

(132).
3 -
2010 31
trd trdn thdng tin nhu vay rat nguy hidm ddi vdi su hlnh thanh nidm tin
ciia
con
ngudi ndi chung vd quan nhan ndi ridng.
De thao tung y thirc, nidm tin cua quan nhan, ke djch cdn dung rat nhidu
thu doan tuyen truyen cd tfnh den sU phu hgp vdi nhiing ddi tugng khac nhau.
Phuong thiic phd bien ma phuong Tay
sir
dung dd thay ddi niem tin
la
cung cap
lap
di
lap lai
nhirng thdng tin, hlnh dnh cho con ngudi va cac nhdm xa hdi tao
thdnh nhirng dinh hlnh tu tudng. Vdi nhiing ddi tugng la can bd, chien si cd
sir
lanh
dao, chi huy, qudn ly tap trung, thd'ng nhat, chat che ca ve tu tudng va boat
ddng, cd nhu'ng hieu biet ve dau tranh tu tudng, khd thao
tiing
y thiic, nidm tin
thi tuydn truyen
ciia
dich
lai
tim mgi cdch

lam
nhidu
loan
thdng tin hoac cung
cdp cho quan nhan nhirng thdng tin da bi cdt xen, bdp meo, xuyen tac cd chii
dinh. Khi ay van de xac dinh thdng tin dung, sai
la
rat khd khan ddi vdi cdc can
bd, chien si. Tiep dd Id nhirng thdng tin ggi y, ddn ddt cho hg
each
nhan dinh,
ddnh gid, hoai nghi vd xdc dinh nidm tin.
Hien nay, dd thuc hien muc tieu chinh ciia cugc tan cdng tam ly va tu
tudng nhdm Idm xdi mdn nidm tin, suy yeu the
gidi
quan chit nghia Mac -
Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, ndn tang tinh thdn
ciia
xa hdi, quan ddi,
chii
nghia dd qud'c va cdc the
luc thii
dich triet dd khai thdc cac thu doan lam lu md,
dao
ign
va tie'n tdi thay the cdc gid tri
tinh
thdn nhu tfnh cdng ddng, tap thd,
tinh
ddng chf, ddng dgi bdng nhirng gia tri lech

lac
theo kidu tu san, tidu tu
san,
dan tdc
chii
nghia, tam ly tieu diing, dao
diic
cd nhan
chii
nghia, thdi bang quan
ddi vdi xa hdi, quan ddi, don vi va ddn ddn phai nhat. mat di
sir
tin tudng.
Ndm vung cdc thu doan tdc ddng tam ly
ciia
dich nhdm chi phdi tfnh tfch
cue cua y thiic quan nhan hien nay, cdn bd
lanh
dao, chi huy, qudn
ly
bd ddi,
nhat Id can bd d cde don vi co sd can tang cudng gido
due,
xay dung he thd'ng
nhu cdu, ddng co dung ddn, ciing cd va phdt tridn niem tin cho bd ddi. coi trong
gido
due
gia tri vd dinh hudng gid tri. thudng xuyen ndm virng tu tudng bd ddi,
kip thdi phe phdn, udn ndn, didu chinh su
lech lac

nhu cdu, dgng co, nidm tin
ciia
cdn bd, chien si.
Tai lieu tham khao
1.
A.Tiranov,
".My
dieu khien nhan thuc xa bdi bdng thdng tin tam
ly".
Tap chi
Tlidn^
tin Khoa hgc qudn
sif,
Thang 6 -
2003,
tr.35.
2.
Sdd, tr.37.
3.
B.Raman, "Chien tranh tam ly trong thien nien ky
mdi".
Tap chi
Thorn;
dn Khoa
hgc Qudn
sif
(chuyen san).
T'hang
6 -
2003,

tr.9-12.
4.
Hoang Dinh Chau (chu
bien).
Nguydn Dinh Gam. Ngd
Minh
'Tuan,
Chieh tranh
lam /v va chong chien tranh tdm ly. Nxb QDND. Ha Noi. 2002.
32
TAP
CHi
TAM
LY
HOC.
Sd 3
(132).
3 -
2010
5.
Vu Dung (chil bien).
Tif
dien Tdm ly hgc, Nxb Tir dien Bach khoa. Ha Npi, 2008.
6. Nguyen
TTii
Phuong Hoa. "Mot sd thu doan tam ly trong cuoc chien tranh thong tin
- tam ly chdng CNXH",
Nliciii
dgng cdc quan diem
.sai

trdi.
thii
dich. Ban Tu tudng -
Van boa Trung
uong.
Ha Ngi, 2005,
tr.366-391.
7.
Dao Duy Quat
(chii
bien), Hdng Vinh, Hd Van Chieu, Le Vu. Phe phdn cdc quan
diem sai
trdn.
Tap chf Thong tin Cdng tac tu tudng. Ha Noi, 2002.
8. Ta Ngoc Tan. "Nhan dang cac quan diem sai trai,
thii
dich chdng pha Viet Nam qua
mang Internet",
Nhdn
dgng cdc quan diem sai trdi, thu dich. Ban Tu tudng - Van hoa
Trung
uong.
Ha Ngi. 2005,
u.317-325.
TAP CHi
TAM
LY
HOC,
Sd 3
(132),

3-2010
33