Translation Practice About Ukraine Crisis.reuters And Cnn.2014.Docx

CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................1
1.1 Reasons to choose the topic........................................................................3
1.2 The structure of articles on Reuters and CNN.......................................4
1.2.1. The similarities in structure of articles on Reuters and CNN..............4
1.2.1.1. Headlines.............................................................................................5
1.2.1.2. Leads....................................................................................................7
1.2.1.3. Bodies...................................................................................................8
1.2.1.4. Endings..............................................................................................10
1.2.2. The differences in structure of articles on Reuters and CNN.........11
1.2.2.1. Video for illustration and more information....................................11
1.2.2.2. Story highlights..................................................................................12
1.2.2.3. Leads..................................................................................................14
2. LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF ARTICLES ABOUT UKRAINE
CRISIS ON REUTERS AND CNN..............................................................20
2.1. Syntactical features of articles about Ukraine
Crisis on Reuters and CNN..................................................................
20
2.1.1. Headlines in articles about Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN......20
2.1.1.1. Structure of headlines.......................................................................20
2.1.1.2 Omission..............................................................................................22
2.1.1.3. Headline interpreting........................................................................23
2.1.2. Story highlights in articles about Ukraine Crisis on CNN..............28
2.1.2.1. Story highlight’s functions...............................................................29
2.1.2.2. Story highlight’s contents................................................................30
2.1.3. Leads in articles about Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN..........30
2.1.3.1. Summary leads...................................................................................30
2.1.3.2. Direct leads........................................................................................31
2.1.3.3. Delayed leads...................................................................................31
2.1.3.4.Contrast leads.....................................................................................32

2.1.3.5.Narrative leads....................................................................................32
2.1.4. Endings in articles about Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN......33
2.1.4.1 Summary endings or the lead replay...............................................33
2.1.4.2. Proximity ending..............................................................................35
2.1.4.3. Quote ending.....................................................................................36
2.1.4.4. Surprise ending.................................................................................36
2.2 . Common lexical features of articles about Ukraine Crisis on Reuters
and CNN.........................................................................................................37
2.2.1. Common vocabulary.............................................................................37
2.2.1.1. Vocabulary of Headlines...................................................................37
2.2.1.2. Vocabulary of Leads..........................................................................38
2.2.1.3 Vocabulary of Bodies..........................................................................39
2.2.1.4. Vocabulary of Endings......................................................................40
2.2.2. Compound words.................................................................................41
2.2.2.1. Compound Adjective..........................................................................41
2.2.2.2. Compound Nouns.............................................................................48
2.3. Relations between parts of an article:..................................................55
2.3.1. Relations between the four main parts of an article........................55
3. EXPRESSION USED IN ARTICLES ABOUT UKRAINE CRISIS ON
REUTERS AND CNN...................................................................................57
3.1 Noun Phrases............................................................................................57
3.2 Verb Phrases.............................................................................................61
3.3 politic Terms and Common Abbreviations of Agencies..........................63
3.4 Some outstanding images about Ukraine Crisis.....................................68
4. CONCLUSION..........................................................................................69
5. REFERENCES..........................................................................................70
6. TRANSLATION........................................................................................73
7. COMBINATION.......................................................................................97
8. APPENDIX..............................................................................................101

Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

1. INTRODUCTION
2014 is marked by many noteworthy events that have great impact on the
people around the world: Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappears over the
Gulf of Thailand en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur with 239 people on
board; A referendum on the status of Crimea is held; An estimated 276 girls
and women are abducted and held hostage from a school in Nigeria; Korean
ferry MV Sewol capsizes and sinks after an unmanageable cargo shift, killing
more than 290 people, mostly high school students; The Royal Thai Army
overthrows the caretaker government of Niwatthamrong Boonsongpaisan
after a failure to resolve the political unrest in Thailand; Malaysia Airlines
Flight 17 (Boeing 777) crashes in Ukraine, after being shot down by a missile.
298 people die; Air Algérie Flight 5017 crashes in Mali, killing all 116 people
on board; The United States military begins an air campaign in northern Iraq
to stem the influx of ISIS militants…. those events make 2012 the year to
remember with both good and bad memories. Among those noted events, the
news of Ukraine Crisis is the most memorable one.
Ukraine Crisis is considered as the War in Ukraine or War in Eastern
Ukraine, which is an armed conflict in the Donbass region of Ukraine. From
the beginning of March 2014, demonstrations by pro-Russian and antigovernment groups took place in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of
Ukraine, together commonly called the "Donbass", in the aftermath of the
2014 Ukrainian revolution and the Euromaidan movement. These
demonstrations, which followed the annexation of Crimea by the Russian
Federation, and which were part of a wider group of concurrent pro-Russian
protests across southern and eastern Ukraine, escalated into an armed conflict

between the separatist forces of the self-declared Donetsk and Lugansk
People's Republics, and the Ukrainian government. Prior to a change of the
top leadership in August, the separatists were largely led by Russian citizens.
1


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

Russian paramilitaries are reported to make up from 15% to 80% of the
combatants.
On the other hand, talking about this, referring to relationship between
Russia and Ukraine is a good point. Ukraine is not Russia. Tensions between
the two have existed for centuries. Ukraine became part of the Soviet Union
at the end of that country’s civil war. At the fall of the Soviet Union, Ukraine
became an independent state.
Crimea is an almost island in the Black Sea off the coast of Southeastern
Ukraine. It has been extremely important to Russia since it contains the only
year-round access to the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Russia has
gone to war more than once to protect her interests in the Crimea.
In 1954, for its own reasons, The Soviet Union made the Crimea a part
of Ukraine. Hence, when Ukraine became independent, Russia’s great naval
base at Sebastopol, Crimea was in an area controlled by a foreign country,
Ukraine. This was acceptable to Russia as long as Ukraine remained a friend
of Russia.
In late 2013, the Ukrainian government, after some tense times with their
Russian neighbor, began to signal its intent to align closer with the European
Union and the West. This was not okay with Vladimir Putin who persuaded
the then Ukrainian President, Victor Yanukovych, to reject the trend toward

the West in return for favors from Russia.
At this point, V. Putin looks like a wily diplomat but he had
underestimated the intensity of anti-Yanukovych and anti-Russian feelings in
Western Ukraine.

To Putin’s consternation, violent protests appeared in

Ukraine’s Capital, Kiev, in the first part of 2014 leading to the expulsion of
Yanukovych and the establishment of an interim Ukrainian government.

2


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

This had to be an extreme embarrassment to Putin whose diplomatic
interventions in Ukraine had resulted in an anti-Russian coup d’état.

Putin

did not react at the time because he was trying to bring off a successful
Winter Olympics that was showing all the earmarks of turning into a debacle.
When the Olympic Games were completed without too many slip-ups, Putin
was free to move. He could have tried diplomatic back channels to see what
accommodation he could come to with Ukraine and the West but Putin is
more Cossack than diplomat. Russian troops staged a bloodless invasion of
the Crimea that evidenced serious diplomatic and military skill. In his own
circles, Putin now appears as a bare-chested defender of the Motherland. It is

important to understand that he will never voluntarily surrender the Crimea.
The West must accept that as a fact.
The West’s response has so far borne Putin’s real situation in mind.
Short of real military defeat, Putin is staying in the Crimea. This is no real
problem to the West since Russia has controlled the Crimea for decades. The
Western response has been as it should be: an enduring diplomatic scowl,
some non-specific sabre rattling and appropriate non-violent sanctions.
1.1 Reasons to choose the topic
There are two main reasons why the author chose this topic:
Firstly, Ukraine Crisis is one of the most tragic events of this year killing
millions of people and sparking the fear of people around the world or much
political commentary in many countries. Especially, Ukraine Crisis affects
strongly the economy of Europe as well as poor relationship between Russia
and America. So the author can get a lot of news related to the topic to study
not only linguistic study (newspaper style) but also social study.
Secondly, that is also one of the events that reporter are spending much
their concern by talking and writing about it on papers
3


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

Thirdly, this kind of news structure is not very difficult to study so
analyzing it will become easier and the author can more deeply understand
about English Newspaper Style.
Besides, the author chooses Reuters and CNN website to set off her
study is because they are two American big reliable news sources. All their
news is always quickly updated and has high accuracy. In addition, since they

are two websites for various kinds of readers so the English writing they use
is Standard English which is brief, natural and easy to understand.
Furthermore, comparing between Reuters and CNN writing style is a very
effective way to learn about English Newspaper Style.
The aim of the author after this assignment is that, the author can clearly
understand the Newspaper Style of Reuters and CNN in particular and of
English Newspaper Style in general. From that, the author can only get
information from the English articles to translate it into Vietnamese in the
most accurate way but also archive experience in writing English articles to
write her own ones.
It is very exciting to do big assignment in English. The author wants to
say ‘thank’ to the teacher for her help in doing this assignment and hope that
it will satisfy the teacher’s demands though there are surely unavoidable
mistakes. On the one hand, the author realizes that the author really has the
honor of doing such a big assignment. That brings to the author a huge chance
to approach with English language in general and English Newspaper Style in
particular. One again, the author would like to say “thank lecturer for this”.
1.2 The structure of articles on Reuters and CNN
1.2.1. The similarities in structure of articles on Reuters and CNN

4


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

As you can see from the
photo captured, the structure of
articles on Reuters and CNN has

some similarities with general
Internet

Newspaper.

Firstly,

their articles consist of four
parts: headline, lead, body, and
ending. Secondly, they both
have the other supporting parts
Reuters

such as: photo for illustration
and caption below it, highlighted
idea, subtitle and so on. These
supporting

parts

are

not

compulsory. Their appearances
depend on the reporter’s aim and
their effect towards the article
they serve.
1.2.1.1. Headlines
In fact, readers can quickly

get the gist of an article without
reading the whole piece because

CNN

They see headlines. Plus, “
the headline is the text at the top
of

a

newspaper

article,

indicating the nature of the
article below it” [5.2 (1) .
5


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

Headlines, by the way, come in
a number of varieties. The
tabloids like to use big bold
headlines with jazzy words,
designed to encourage people to
buy

the

traditional

newspaper.
newspapers

More
use

smaller headlines.
Headline is generally written by a copy editor, but many also be written by
the writer, the page layout designer, or other editors in bold and much larger size
than other parts of an article. There are two purposes of a headline:
To grab the reader’s attention
To tell the reader what is the story is about [5.1. (2) p.44]
Headlines are a vital part of a newspaper because it decides whether the
readers will continue to read the article or not. If readers come across a dull or
confusing headline, they will very likely skip the story. Accordingly, it is so
important to write worth headlines.
To sum up, both Reuters and CNN’s headlines are used to say most urgent
news point, in other words, they briefly say the content of the articles in the most
attractive way. They are essential successful factor of the articles.

6


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

E.g.
Russia defiant in face of new U.S. sanctions over Ukraine [CNN, A4]
The key/urgent points

 Grab reader’s
attention

of the news

 Tell the content of
the story

British PM Cameron warns of energy, trade sanctions against Russia
[Reuters, A2]
1.2.1.2. Leads
“The lead sets the stone for the feature story” [5.1,(2), p53]
The

most

important

structural

element

of

a

story

is

the

lead or introduction (in the UK) and the story's first, or leading, sentence. The
lead is usually the first sentence, or in some cases the first two sentences, and is
ideally 20-25 words in length. In fact, the lead’s size will make writing a lead an
optimization problem, in which the goal is to articulate the most encompassing
and interesting statement that a writer can make in one sentence, given the
material with which he or she has to work. While a rule of thumb says the lead
should answer most or all of the five Ws, few leads can fit all of these.
Charnley states that "an effective lead is a 'brief, sharp statement of the
story's essential facts’’. [5.2,(1)]
Frankly with so many sources of information- newspapers, magazines, TV,
….and so on, audiences simply are not willing to read beyond the first paragraph

7


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

of a story unless it grabs their interest. A good lead does just that. It gives readers
the most important information in a clear and interesting manner. And
especially, it is regarded as direction of an article.

E.g.
(CNN) -- A top European Union official said Saturday that new sanctions will be
proposed within a week against Russia over its actions in Ukraine, but Ukrainian
President Petro Poroshenko sounded like he can't wait that long. [CNN, A1]
(Reuters) - Australia on Monday unveiled fresh sanctions against Russia over
what Prime Minister Tony Abbott called its "bullying" of neighbouring Ukraine,
where the Kremlin is accused of backing pro-Russian insurgent groups battling
the government in Kiev. [Reuters, A4]
 There are many types of leads to begin an article such as: the descriptive
lead, the narrative lead, summary lead, the contrast or comparison lead,
the shocking statement lead, ect. The example above from CNN and
Reuters are a summary lead. It tells the reader what the article is about,
more detail than headline (Australia unveils fresh sanctions against Russia
over Ukraine) [Reuters, A4]
 All the articles are from Reuters and CNN about Ukraine Crisis that the
author studies have leads.
1.2.1.3. Bodies
The body of an article on Reuters and CNN has close relation to its other
parts. Journalists use facts and supporting information in a logical sequence,
adding quotation to build stories.
Eg:
8


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

"All parties agreed today that it is important to try to resolve these issues
through dialogue," Kerry told reporters after a series of meetings in Paris

with foreign ministers from the United Kingdom, France, Germany,
Ukraine and Russia.
Kerry described the talks as "the beginning of a negotiation" and called
them "very constructive." Finding a resolution will be difficult, he said,
"but I'd rather be where we are today than where we were yesterday."
French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius offered an optimistic assessment.
"For the first time, something has moved in the process," he said, "and we
will continue to talk." [CNN, A5]
"So far, at least 2,500 people have lost their lives in this conflict. Let's be
clear about what is happening here. Russia started it and Russia must take
responsibility for this loss of life," Abbott told parliament.
"So, Madam Speaker, I can inform the house that Australia will lift its
sanctions against Russia to the level of the European Union."
The United States and EU have gradually tightened economic sanctions
against Russia, first imposed after Moscow annexed Crimea following the
ousting of Kiev's pro-Russian president by protesters in February.
EU leaders agreed on Saturday to draw up new economic sanctions
against Moscow, a move hailed by the United States, which is planning
tighter sanctions of its own and wants to act jointly with Europe. [Reuters,
A4]
 For the news story, in its body, details and elaboration are shown and flow
smoothly from the lead. Bodies of the articles on both Reuters and CNN
have three kinds of information: details, comments from people involved
in the story, and background information.
9


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

1.2.1.4. Endings
Just as a feature story on Reuters and CNN can be opened in many ways,
there are also several ways to conclude it, such as: the lead replay or
summary ending, proximity endings, word play ending, quote ending,
surprise ending.
Eg:
For Western countries interested in turning the tide in Ukraine, Richardson
said, the key now is sticking to their guns.
"Put the pressure on Putin that the sanctions are going to happen, that
there's going to be diplomatic isolation," Richardson said. "Otherwise he's
going to call our bluff and be more aggressive." [CNN, A5]
 This example from CNN is a quote ending.
Paris has repeatedly said that other countries must share the burden in
imposing a new round of sanctions on Russia and that any measures
should also include the energy and financial sectors as well as defense.
Hollande has said he would be ready to review the second Mistral delivery
due by 2016 if the situation worsened in Ukraine. [Reuters, A5]
 This example from Reuters is a summary ending.
*Generally speaking, if the headline and the lead bring reader an article,
the ending is the thing that reminds the readers! Ending also plays an
important role in writing a perfect article.

10


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

1.2.2. The differences in structure of articles on Reuters and CNN
In my perspective, Reuters and CNN are considered the Standard Online
Newspaper for many other ones look up to with their high quality, professionallooking reports. However, except for that, they also contain some differences in
structure which make them stand out from others and become two main online
news sources of the world.
1.2.2.1. Video for illustration and more information
CNN (Cable News Network) is the U.S cable channel founded in 1980. It
debuted its news website CNN.com (initially an experiment known as CNN
interactive) on August 30, 1995.[5.2, (1)] with its many strong points, CNN has
brought more satisfaction for its readers with video for illustration and more
information in its articles.

“ Click to play”
the news related
to the article.

Captured photo from CNN.com ( A.5 )
Frankly, CNN can tempt more reader’s eyes by not only its website but also
its channel, because nothing is more interesting than both reading the news and
watching video about a story.
11


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

1.2.2.2. Story highlights
One of the significant things in every article, attracting reader’s eyes when
they read CNN, is story highlights. CNN story highlights bring to readers

outstanding or key information of the articles that they serve.
On the other hand, story highlight is also regarded as a useful part for busy
people, such as: businessman, pilots, workers, farmers…..whose time is
‘money’. They only have time to graze through the news and read them in quick
ways, so story highlights will always grab their eyes first after headline.
Below, there is a typical story highlight on CNN which brings you to patent
and detailed insights. On the one hand, story highlights also show the differences
between CNN and Reuters. And this is important difference.

The “ STORY
HIGHLIGHTS”

Remind the readers
to watch more
news related to the
article on CNN

12


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

Captured photo from CNN.com (A.7)
The phrase “Story highlight” is written in upper case and if the highlighted
information of the article is new, there will be the word “new” in red and upper
case before it. Though its font size is smaller compared other parts of the articles
and below the headlines and photo or video, they still attract reader’s attention.

13


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

E.g. [ CNN, A.9]
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
● President Barack Obama says he's hopeful but skeptical about the
ceasefire
● Ceasefire ordered by President Petro Poroshenko comes into effect
● President asks Ukrainian Foreign Minister and OSCE to monitor
compliance
● EU member states are considering a new round of sanctions against Russia
1.2.2.3. Leads
The word “CNN” in the first line is in bold and upper case letter CNN
which is put in a parenthesis as (CNN). That is absolutely different from Reuters
whose the word “Reuters” in the first line is not in bold.

14


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

Reuters: the word
“Reuters” is entirely
not in bold [Reuters,

A7]

CNN: the word
“CNN” is entirely
in bold [CNN, A9]

15


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

 Generally speaking
The differences and similarities between Reuters and CNN Newspaper
Style can be concluded clearly by the following table and the two articles for
illustration:
Reuters

Headlines

CNN

 To grab the reader’s attention
 To tell the reader what is the story is about

Leads

 Give readers the most important information in a clear,
concise and exciting manner. It also shows the voice and direction

of an article
 There are many types of leads such as: the summary leads, the
contrast and comparison leads, the shocking statement leads, the
suspense and so on…
The word “Reuters” in Lead is They are recognized under or
not marked in bold

beside the story highlight, right
at the beginning of the body part
of the articles.
The word “CNN” in Lead is
marked in bold

In the body, details and elaboration are shown and flow smoothly
16


Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

Bodies

2014

from the lead. They have three kinds of information: details,
comments from people involved in the story and background
information. They are main parts of the articles.


There are various kinds of endings: lead replay or summary

endings, word play ending, proximity endings, surprise endings,
and quote endings.


The ending is the thing that reminds reader about the article. It

also plays an important role in writing a perfect article.

Photo

for

illustration Yes

Yes

Video for
illustration No

Yes

Story
Highlights

No

Yes

17

Ukraine Crisis on Reuters and CNN

2014

Headline
Ceasefire in east Ukraine frays, woman killed by shelling
BY GABRIELA BACZYNSKA AND ALEKSANDAR VASOVIC
DONETSK/MARIUPOL Ukraine Sun Sep 7, 2014 5:31pm EDT

Photo for
illustration

Body

Lead

(Reuters) - A woman died and at least four people were wounded when fighting flared
again in eastern Ukraine overnight into Sunday, jeopardizing a ceasefire struck less than two days
earlier

between

Ukrainian

government

forces

and

pro-Russian

separatists.

The accord, brokered by envoys from Ukraine, the separatist leadership, Russia and
Europe's OSCE security watchdog, is part of a peace plan intended to end a five-month conflict that
has killed nearly 3,000 people and caused the sharpest confrontation between Russia and the West
since the Cold War.
Shelling resumed near the port of Mariupol on the Sea of Azov late on Saturday, just hours
after Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian counterpart Petro Poroshenko had agreed in a
phone call that the truce was holding.
The peace roadmap agreed on Friday includes an exchange of prisoners of war and the
establishment of a humanitarian corridor for refugees and aid. There was no sign of progress on
either plan on Sunday.

Ending

18