Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology (2nd edition) pptx

Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology
STEFAN OFFERMANNS AND WALTER ROSENTHAL (Eds.)
Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology
(2nd edition)
With 487 Figures* and 171 Tables
*For color figures please see our Electronic Reference on www.springerlink.com
Editors:
Professor Dr. Stefan Offermanns
Pharmakologisches Institut
Universität Heidelberg
Im Neuenheimer Feld 366
D-69120 Heidelberg
Germany

Professor Dr. Walter Rosenthal
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)
Campus Berlin-Buch
Robert-Rössle-Str. 10
D-13125 Berlin
Germany

A C.I.P. Catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-3-540-38916-3
This publication is available also as:
Electronic publication under ISBN 978-3-540-38918-7 and
Print and electronic bundle under ISBN 978-3-540-38921-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008921487
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German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2008
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exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
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Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 191230 2109 — 543210
Preface to the First Edition
The era of pharmacology, the science concerned with the understanding of drug action, began only about 150 years
ago when Rudolf Buchheim established the first pharmacological laboratory in Dorpat (now, Tartu, Estonia). Since
then, pharmacology has always been a lively discipline with “open borders”, reaching out not only to other life
sciences such as physiology, biochemistry, cell biology and clinical medicine, but also to chemistry and physics.
In a rather successful initial phase, pharmacologists devoted their time to describing drug actions either at the single
organ level or on an entire organism. Over the last few decades, however, research has focused on the molecular
mechanisms by which drugs exert their effects. Here, cultured cells or even cell-free systems have served as models.
As a consequence, our knowledge of the molecular basis of drug actions has increased enormously. The aim of
Encyclopedic Reference of Molecular Pharmacology is to cover this rapidly developing field.
The reductionist approach described above has made it increasingly important to relate the molecular processes
underlying drug actions to the drug effect on the level of an organ or whole organism. Only this integrated view will
allow the full understanding and prediction of drug actions, and enable a rational approach to drug development. On
the molecular or even atomic level, new disciplines such as bioinformatics and structural biology have evolved.
They have gained major importance within the field but are particularly relevant for the rational development and
design of new drugs. Finally, the availability of the complete genome sequence of an increasing number of species
provides a basis for systematic, genome-wide pharmacological research aimed at the identification of new drug
targets and individualised drug treatment (pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics). All these aspects are
considered in this encyclopedia.
The main goal of the Encyclopedia is to provide up-to-date information on the molecular mechanisms of drug

action. Leading experts in the field have provided 159 essays, which form the core structure of this publication.
Most of the essays describe groups of drugs and drug targets, with the emphasis not only on already exploited drug
targets, but also on potential drug targets as well. Several essays deal with the more general principles of
pharmacology, such as drug tolerance, drug addiction or drug metabolism. Others portray important cellular
processes or pathological situations and describe how they can be influenced by drugs. The essays are
complemented by more than 1600 keywords, for which links are provided. By looking up the keywords or titles of
essays highlighted in each essay, the reader can obtain further information on the subject. The alphabetical order of
entries makes the Encyclopedia very easy to use and helps the reader to search successfully. In addition, the names
of authors are listed alphabetically, together with the title of their essay, to allow a search by author name.
Apart from very few exceptions, the entries in the main text do not contain drug names in their titles. Instead, drugs
that are commonly used all over the world are listed in the Appendix. Also included in the Appendix are four
extensive sections that contain tables listing proteins such as receptors, transporters or ion channels, which are of
particular interest as drug targets or modulators of drug action.
The Encyclopedia provides valuable information for readers with different expectations and backgrounds (from
scientists, students and lecturers to informed lay-people) and fills the gap between pharmacology textbooks and
specialized reviews.
All the contributing authors as well as the editors have taken great care to provide up-to-date information. However,
inconsistencies or errors may remain, for which we assume full responsibility. We welcome comments, suggestions
or corrections and look forward to a stimulating dialog with the readers of the Encyclopedic Reference of Molecular
Pharmacology whether their comments concern the content of an individual entry or the entire concept.
We are indebted to our colleagues for their excellent contributions. It has been a great experience, both personally
and scientifically, to interact with and learn from the 200 plus contributing authors. We would also like to thank
Ms. Hana Deuchert and Ms. Katharina Schmalfeld for their excellent and invaluable secretarial assistance during all
the stages of this project. Within Springer-Verlag, we are grateful to Dr. Thomas Mager for suggesting the project and
to Frank Krabbes for his technical expertise. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Claudia Lange
for successfully managing the project and for her encouraging support. It has been a pleasure to work with her.
Heidelberg/Berlin, June 2003
S
TEFAN OFFERMANN S AND WALTER ROSENTHAL
Preface to the Second Edition

The first edition of the Encyclopedic Reference of Molecular Pharmacology was well received by its readers, thanks
to the excellent work done by the authors, of whom most have contributed to the second edition as well. The basic
structure of the Encyclopedia has remained unchanged. It is primarily based on essays, which have been updated,
and their number has been increased to 225 to include many new exciting areas. These essays cover important drugs
and drug targets, but also general principles of pharmacology as well as cellular processes and pathological
situations which are relevant for drug action. In addition, there are about xy key words linked to the essays. The
Encyclopedia is complemented by an Appendix, which has been greatly enlarged, listing more than 700 drugs and
more than 4,000 proteins that act as receptors, membrane transport proteins, transcription factors, enzymes or
adhesion molecules.
During the preparation, we greatly enjoyed the interaction with all our colleagues who contributed to this reference
work. It has been a pleasure and an enriching experience to deal with so many facets of pharmacology. We are very
thankful to the contributing authors for the careful updating of their essays, and, in particular, we would like to
express our gratitude to the more than xy new authors who have written excellent essays on novel topics. Finally, we
would like to thank Dr. Michaela Bilic and Simone Giesler from Springer for their enthusiasm throughout the
project and their constant support.
Heidelberg/Berlin, November 2007
S
TEFAN OFFERMANN S AND WALTER ROSENTHAL
List of Contributors
AMY N. ABELL
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, NC
USA

I
AN M. ADCOCK
Imperial College
London
UK

G
EORGE K. AGHAJANIAN
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, CT
USA

K
LAUS AKTORIES
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und
Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Freiburg
Germany

N
EIL ANDERSON
Department of Neuropharmacology
Copenhagen
Denmark
I
ON ANGHEL ESCU
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Charité, CBF
Berlin
Germany

L
UCIO ANNUNZIATO
Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience
School of Medicine, “ Federico II” University of Naples
Naples

Italy

M
ARINA P. ANTOCH
Department of Molecular and Cancer Biology
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
NY
USA

F
ABIO ANTONIOLI
Department of Biological Regulation
The Weizmann Institute of Science
Rehovot
Israel

H
ELLMUT G. AUGUSTIN
Joint Research Division Vascular Biology of the Medical
Faculty Mannheim
University of Heidelberg, and the German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ)
Mannheim and Heidelberg
Germany

J
OHAN AUWERX
Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire-
Institut Clinique de la Souris
Illkirch

France

C
HRISTIAN AYMANNS
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine I
University Hospital
Ulm
Germany
W
ILLIAM BABBITT
UCSF School of Medicine
San Francisco, CA
USA

E
VELYN BACK
Novartis Pharma GmbH
Nürnberg
Germany

M
ICHAEL BADER
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC)
Campus Berlin-Buch
Germany

C
LIFFORD J. BAILEY
School of Life and Health Sciences
Aston University

Birmingham
UK

J
ILLIAN G. BAKER
University of Nottingham
UK

A
NDREAS BARTHEL
BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil
Ruhr-University
Bochum
Germany

HOLGER BASTIANS
Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)
Philipps-University Marburg
Germany

J
OSEPH A. BEAVO
Department of Pharmacology
University of Washington
Seattle, WA
USA

H
EINZ BECK
Labor für Experimentelle Epileptologie, Klinik für

Epileptologie
Universitätskliniken Bonn
Bonn
Germany

C
ORD-MICHAEL BECKER
Institut für Biochemie
Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Erlangen
Germany

J
ÜRGEN BEHRENS
Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine
Erlangen
Germany

F
ABRIZIO BENEDETTI
Department of Neuroscience
University of Turin Medical School
Turin
Italy

M
ARTIN R. BERGER
DKFZ, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit
Im Neuenheimer Feld
Heidelberg

Germany

F
ELICITY K. R. BERTRAM
Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology
King’s College London
London
UK

M
ARTIN BIEL
Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPS
M
and
Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug Research
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
München
Germany

H
ANS K. BIESALSKI
Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition
University of Hohenheim
Stuttgart
Germany

T
IFFANY BLAKE
Laboratory of GI Developmental Biology
Department of Surgery

Medicine & Lombardi Cancer Center
Georgetown University
Washington, DC
USA

G
REGORY LE BLATCH
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and
Biotechnology
Rhodes University
Grahamstown
South Africa

C
LARK M. BLATTEIS
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
College of Medicine
Memphis, TN
USA

A
NDREE BLAUKAT
TA Oncology, Merck Serono Research
Merck KGaA
Darmstadt
Germany

M
ICHAEL BÖHM
Klinik für Innere Medizin III

Homburg/Saar
Germany

M
ICHELLE BOONE
Department of Physiology
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center
Nijmegen
The Netherlands
A
RNDT BORKHARDT
Children’s University Hospital, Department of Paediatric
Haematology & Oncology & Clinical Immunology
Universität Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf
Germany

J
ACK BOTTING
William Harvey Research Institute
School of Medicine and Dentistry
St. Bartholomew’s and Royal London
London
UK

x List of Contributors
REGINA BOTTING
William Harvey Research Institute
School of Medicine and Dentistry
St. Bartholomew’s and Royal London

London
UK

S
TEFAN-MARTIN BRAND-HERRMANN
Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung
Universität Münster
Münster
Germany

M
ICHAEL BRÄU
Abteilung Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin
Justus-Liebig-Universität
Gießen
Germany

M
ATTHEW D. BREYER
Division of Nephrology
Medical Center, Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN
USA

R
ICHARD M. BREYER
Division of Nephrology
Medical Center, Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN
USA

J
ÜRGEN BROCKMÖLLER
Zentrum Pharmakologie und Toxikologie
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Göttingen
Germany

M
ATTHEW D. BROWN
Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
USA
E
DWARD M. BROWN
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, MA
USA

E
REZ M. BUBLIL
Department of Biological Regulation
The Weizmann Institute of Science
Rehovot
Israel

F
RED BUNZ

The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns
Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD
USA

R
ÉMY BURCELIN
Institute of Molecular Medicine
INSERM, IFR 31
Université Paul Sabatier
Toulouse
France

G
EOFFREY BURNSTOCK
Autonomic Neuroscience Centre
Royal Free and University College Medical School
London
UK

A
MAN U. BUZDAR
Department of Breast Medical Oncology
The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, TX
USA

P
ATRICE D. CANI
Institute of Molecular Medicine

INSERM, IFR 31
Université Paul Sabatier
Toulouse
France
P
ATRICK J. CASEY
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC
USA

T
AMARA CASTANEDA
Department of Psychiatry
Obesity Research Center, University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, OH
USA

T
HOMAS K. H. CHANG
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC
Canada

D
I CHEN
ANZAC Research Institute
The University of Rochester
NY, USA
B

ENJAMIN N. R. CHEYETTE
University of California
San Francisco, CA
USA

List of Contributors xi
RUSSELL COMPTON
School of Biosciences
The University of Birmingham
UK

M
ARGARET R. CUNNINGHAM
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
University of Strathclyde
Glasgow, UK

D
AVI D CZOCK
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine I
University Hospital
Ulm
Germany
A
NTHONY P. DAVENP O RT
Clinical Pharmacology Unit
University of Cambridge
Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ
UK

S
HAHEEHAH DAWOOD
Department of Breast Medical Oncology
The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, TX
USA

W
IM DECLERCQ
Department of Molecular Biology
Ghent University
Belgium
P
ETER M.T. DEEN
Department of Physiology
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center
Nijmegen
The Netherlands

V
INCENZO DI MAR ZO
Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular
Chemistry
Pozzuoli
Italy

M
IREILLE DELHASE
Department of Pharmacology

University of California
San Diego, CA
USA

S
TEFAN DHEIN
Universität Leipzig, Herzzentrum Leipzig
Klinik für Herzchirurgie
Leipzig
Germany

H
OLGER J. DOEGE
Eli Lilly & Company, Intergrative Biology
Greenfield, IN 46140
USA

A
NDREAS DRAGUHN
Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie
Universität Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany

C
OLIN ROBE RT DUNSTAN
Head, Bone Research Program
ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney
Concord, NSW
Australia

A
NNE DURKAN
Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, ONT
Canada
B
JARKE EBERT
Department of Electrophysiology
Copenhagen
Denmark
bjeb@lundbeck com
R
OBERT EDWARDS
Departments of Neurology and Physiology
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, CA
USA

M
ICHEL EICHELBAUM
Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical
Pharmacology
Stuttgart
Germany

J
OHN H. EXTON
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of
Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
Vanderbilt University

Nashville, TN
USA

S
ANDRINE FAIVRE
Department of Medical Oncology
Beaujon University Hospital
Clichy Cedex
France
F
RANCESCO FALCIANI
School of Biosciences
The University of Birmingham
UK

xii List of Contributors
NAPOLEONE FERRARA
Genentech, Inc.
South San Francisco, CA
USA

T
HOMAS J. FEUERSTEIN
Sektion Klinische Neuropharmakologie, Neurozentrum
Neurochirurgische Universitätsklinik
Freiburg
Germany

V
EIT FLOCKERZI

Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie
Universität des Saarlandes
Homburg
Germany

M
ARYANN FOOTE
M A Foote Associates, Westlake Village
CA and Department of Microbiology
Monash University
Australia

U
LRICH FÖRSTERMANN
Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz
Germany

J
ÜRGEN FRANK
zet - Centre for Alternative and Complementary Methods to
Animal Testing
Linz
Austria

J
EAN-MARIE FRERE
Centre d’Ingenierie des Protéines
University of Liège
Liège

Belgium

C
HRISTIAN FREUND
Protein Engineering Group
Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology
Berlin
Germany

E
LKE C. FUCHS
Abteilung Klinische Neurobiologie
Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften (IZN)
Heidelberg
Germany

R
UTH GEISS-FRIEDLANDER
Department of Biochemie I, Faculty of Medicine
University Goettingen
Goettingen
Germany

G
ERD GEISSLINGER
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Johann
Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt
Germany

T
OM GELDART
Department of Medical Oncology
Southampton General Hospital
Southampton
UK

N
ANCY GERITS
Department of Microbiology and Virology
Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso
Tromso
Norway

P
IERRE GERMAIN
Department of Cell Biology and Signal Transduction
Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire
(IGBMC)
Illkirch Cedex
France

S
TEPHEN J. GETTING
Department of Human and Health Sciences, School of
Biosciences
University of Westminster
London
UK

J
EAN-MARIE GHUYSEN
Centre d’Ingenierie des Protéines
University of Liège
Liège
Belgium
E
RIC GLASGOW
Laboratory of GI Developmental Biology, Department of
Surgery
Medicine & Lombardi Cancer Center Georgetown University
Washington, DC
USA
J
ENNIFER L. GLICK
Department of Pharmacology
University of Washington
Seattle, WA
USA

M
URALI GOPALAKRISHNAN
Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Park, IL
USA

List of Contributors xiii
ANDREAS GREINACHER
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald

Greifswald
Germany

S
ERGIO GRINSTEIN
Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, ONT
Canada

H
INRICH GRONEMEYER
Department of Cell Biology and Signal Transduction
Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire
(IGBMC)
Illkirch Cedex
France

M
ARKUS GRUBE
Department of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald
Greifswald
Germany
T
HOMAS GUDERMANN
Philipps-Universität Marburg
Marburg
Germany

J
ULIE M. HALL
Hamner Institutes of Health Sciences
Research Triangle Park, NC
USA

D. G
RAHAME HARDIE
College of Life Sciences
University of Dundee
Scotland
UK

A
ARON N. HATA
Division of Nephrology
Medical Center, Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN,
USA
J
ULIA HEAD
Department of Medical Oncology
Southampton General Hospital
Southampton
UK

L
UTZ HEIN
University of Freiburg
Freiburg

Germany

U
WE HEINEMANN
Johannes-Müller-Institut für Physiologie
Universitätsklinikum Charité
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Berlin
Germany

M
ATTHIAS HEINZE
Protein Engineering Group
Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology
Berlin
Germany
P
ETER HEISIG
Pharm. Biology and Microbiology
University of Hamburg
Hamburg
Germany

C
LAUS W. HEIZMANN
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and
Biochemistry
University of Zurich
Zurich
Switzerland

R
ICARDO HERMOSILLA
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology
Charité Medical University Berlin
Berlin
Germany

M
ÉLANIE HÉROULT
Joint Research Division Vascular Biology of the Medical
Faculty Mannheim
University of Heidelberg, and the German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ)
Mannheim and Heidelberg
Germany
P
ETER HERRLICH
Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz-Lipmann-Institute
Jena
Germany

H
EIKO HERWALD
Lund University
Lund
Sweden

I
SABELLA HEUSER

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Charité, CBF
Berlin
Germany

xiv List of Contributors
STEPHEN J. HILL
University of Nottingham
UK

M
ARIUS C. HOENER
F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Pharmaceuticals Division,
Discovery Neuroscience
Basel
Switzerland

F
RANZ HOFMANN
Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie
TU München
München
Germany

V
OLKER HÖLLT
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Magdeburg
Germany

H
ELMUT HOLTMANN
Rudolf-Buchheim-Institut für Pharmakologie
Frankfurter Straße 107
D-35392 Gießen

L
ÁSZLÓ HOMOLYA
Research Group of Membrane Biology, Hungarian Academy
of Sciences
Hungary
R
ICHARD HORUK
Department of Immunology
Berlex Biosciences
Richmond CA
USA

S
ANDER M. HOUTEN
Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases
Academic Medical Center
Amsterdam
The Netherlands

D
ANIEL HOYER
Psychiatry/Neuroscience Research
Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel
Basel

Switzerland

N
ORBERT HÜBNER
MDC for Molecular Medicine
Berlin
Germany

C
HRISTINE HUPPERTZ
Pharma Research
Novartis Pharma AG
Switzerland

A
NDREA HUWILER
pharmazentrum frankfurt
Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
Germany

K
EIJI IMOTO
National Institute for Physiological Sciences and School of
Life Science
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
Okazaki
Japan

K
IYOMI ITO

Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Hoshi University
Tokyo, Japan

K
ENNETH A. JACOBSON
Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and
Kidney Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD
USA

R
EINHARD JAHN
Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie
Göttingen
Germany

E
LISABETH M. JEANCLOS
Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf
Germany

T
HOMAS J. JENTSCH
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and
Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC)
Berlin

Germany

G
ARY L. JOHNSON
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, NC
USA

R
OGER A. JOHNSON
Department of Physiology and Biophysics
State University of New York
New York, NY
USA

List of Contributors xv
HANS-GEORG JOOST
Department of Pharmacology
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Potsdam-Rehbruecke
Germany

T
HOMAS JUNGHANSS
Section of Clinical Tropical Medicine
University Hospital Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany

V

OLKHARD KAEVER
Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School Hannover
Hannover
Germany

S
HITIJ KAPUR
PET Centre - Schizophrenia Division
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Toronto, ONT
Canada

J
OHN J. P. KASTELEIN
Department of Vascular Medicine
Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam
The Netherlands

S
TEPHAN KELLENBERGER
Département de pharmacologie et de toxicologie de
l’Université
Lausanne
Switzerland

F
RIEDER KELLER
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine I
University Hospital

Ulm
Germany

T
ERRY P. KENAKIN
Receptor Biochemistry
Glaxo Wellcome Research
Research Triangle Park, NC
USA

E
LAINE F. KENNY
School of Biochemistry and Immunology
Trinity College Dublin
Ireland

K
RISTOF KERSSE
Department of Molecular Biology
Ghent University
Belgium
H
EIKO KILTER
Klinik für Innere Medizin III
Homburg/Saar
Germany

P
ATRICK KITABGI
INSERM U732/Université Pierre et Marie Curie

Hopital St-Antoine
Paris cedex 12
France

S
USANNE KLUMPP
Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster
Germany

E
NNO KLUSSMANN
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie Department of
Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology
Charitè-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Berlin
Germany

C
LAUDE KNAUF
Institute of Molecular Medicine
INSERM, IFR 31
Université Paul Sabatier
Toulouse
France
K
LAUS-PETER KNOBELOCH
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie
Berlin

Germany

B
RIAN K. KOBILKA
Stanford University Medical School
Stanford, CA
USA

D
ORIS KOESLING
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Bochum
Germany

S
PIRO M. KONSTANTINOV
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Medical University in Sofia, Faculty of Pharmacy
Sofia
Bulgaria

K
ENNETH S. KORACH
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Research Triangle Park, NC
USA

xvi List of Contributors
MICHAEL KRACHT

Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Hannover
Germany

E
BERHARD KRAUSE
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie
Berlin
Germany

G
ERD KRAUSE
Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie
Campus Berlin-Buch
Germany

H
ANS-GEORG KRÄUSSLICH
Abteilung Virologie
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany

R
EINHOLD KREUTZ
Freie Universität Berlin
Berlin
Germany

K

ERSTIN KRIEGLSTEIN
Universität Göttingen
Göttingen
Germany

J
OSEF KRIEGLSTEIN
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für
Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie
Münster
Germany

A
NJA KRIPPNER-HEIDENREICH
Institut of Cellular Medicine
Newcastle University
Newcastle upon Tyne
UK

H
EYO K. KROEMER
Department of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald
Greifswald
Germany

R
OHINI KUNER
Institute for Pharmacology

University of Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany

N
AGOMI KURE BAYASHI
Department of Pharmacology
Juntendo University School of Medicine
Tokyo
Japan

T
HORSTEN LANG
Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie
Göttingen
Germany
tlang@.gwdg.de
M
ICHAEL LANZER
Department of Parasitology
University Hospital Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany

D
AVID S. LATCHMAN
Institute of Child Health
University College London
London
UK

M
OGENS LYTKEN LARSEN
Odense University Hospital and Department of Cardiology
Aalborg Hospital
Denmark

A
LESSANDRO LECCI
Clinical Research Dept (AL) and Direction (CAM) of
Menarini Ricerche
Florence
Italy

A
LAN R. LEFF
Department of Medicine
University of Chicago
Chicago, IL
USA

P
ETER LIBBY
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of
Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
USA

L

OTHAR LINDEMANN
F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery
Neuroscience
Basel
Switzerland

J
ENS P. LINGE
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission
Ispra
Italy
List of Contributors xvii
MARIA LIOUMI
School of Biosciences
The University of Birmingham
UK

R
OBBIE LOEWITH
Département de Biologie Moléculaire
Université de Genève
Switzerland

M
ARTIN J. LOH SE
Universität Würzburg
Würzburg
Germany

K

ATHERINE S. LONG
Department of Molecular Biology
University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Denmark

A
NATOLI N. LOPATIN
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI
USA

J
OURN LÖTSC H
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Johann
Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt
Germany

M
ARIE-GABRIELLE LUDWIG
Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research
Switzerland

R
AYMUND M AC HOVICH
Department of Medical Biochemistry
Semmelweis University
Budapest
Hungary

F
ERNANDO MACIAN
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, NY
USA

C
ARLO ALBERTO MAGGI
Clinical Research Dept (AL) and Direction (CAM) of
Menarini Ricerche
Florence
Italy

J
ANET J. MAGUIRE
Clinical Pharmacology Unit
University of Cambridge
Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital
Cambridge
UK
D
AVID C. MAMO
PET Centre - Schizophrenia Division
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Toronto, ONT
Canada

P

EKKA T. MÄNNISTÖ
Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of
Pharmacy
University of Helsinki
Helsinki
Finland

C
HRISTIAN MARTIN
Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and
Toxicology
Universitätsklinikum Aachen
Aachen
Germany

M
ICHAEL U. MARTIN
Immuology FB 08
Justus-Liebig-University Giessen
Giessen
Germany

F
RAUKE M ELCHIOR
Department of Biochemie I, Faculty of Medicine
University Goettingen
Goettingen
Germany

P

IERANTONIO MENNA
Department of Drug Sciences and Center of Excellence on
Aging
G. d’Annunzio University School of Medicine
Chieti
Italy
A
XEL H. MEYER
Abteilung Klinische Neurobiologie
Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften (IZN)
Heidelberg
Germany

D
IETER K. MEYER
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und
Toxikologie
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Freiburg
Germany

xviii List of Contributors
THOMAS MEYER
Abteilung Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie
Universität Marburg
Germany

D
AGMAR MEYER ZU HERINGDORF
Institut für Pharmakologie

Universität Duisburg-Essen
Germany

W
OLFGANG MEYERHOF
Department of Molecular Genetics
German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke
Nuthetal
Germany

M
ARTIN C. MICHEL
Academisch Medisch Centrum
Amsterdam
The Netherlands

N
ICO MICHEL
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg
Germany

G
IORGIO MINOTTI
Department of Drug Sciences and Center of Excellence on
Aging
G. d’Annunzio University School of Medicine
Chieti
Italy

B

IBHUTI MISHRA
Laboratory of GI Developmental Biology, Department of
Surgery
Medicine & Lombardi Cancer Center Georgetown University
Washington, DC
USA
L
OPA MISHRA
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Washington, DC
USA

F
REDERICK JOHN MITCHELSON
Department of Pharmacology
University of Melbourne
Melbourne, VIC
Australia

U
GO MOENS
University of Tromso, Department of Microbiology and
Virology
Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso
Tromso
Norway

H
ANNAH MONYER
Abteilung Klinische Neurobiologie

Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften (IZN)
Heidelberg
Germany

G
REG B. G. MOORHEAD
Department of Biological Sciences
University of Calgary
Calgary, AB
Canada

G
EORGE MORSTYN
M A Foote Associates, Westlake Village, CA and Department
of Microbiology
Monash University
Australia

S
HAKER A. MOUSA
Albany College of Pharmacy
Albany, NY
USA

K. S. M
ÜHLBERG
III. Medical Department
University of Leipzig
Leipzig
Germany

B
ARBARA MÜLLER
Abteilung Virologie
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany

J
UDITH M. MÜLLER
Universitäts-Frauenklinik und Zentrum für Klinische
Forschung, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg
Freiburg
Germany

M
ARTIN MÜLLER
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany

R
OLF MÜLLER
Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)
Philipps-University Marburg
Germany

W
ERNER MÜLLER-ESTERL
University of Frankfurt Medical School

Frankfurt
Germany

List of Contributors xix
GERD MULTHAUP
Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
Freie Universität Berlin
Berlin
Germany

N
ILDA M. MUÑOZ
Department of Medicine
University of Chicago
Chicago, IL
USA

L
ISA MUNTER
Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
Freie Universität Berlin
Berlin
Germany

T
AKASHI MURAYAMA
Department of Pharmacology
Juntendo University School of Medicine
Tokyo
Japan

C
HRISTIAN NANOFF
Institut für Pharmakologie, and Christian Pifl, Zentrum für
Hirnforschung
Medizinische Universität Wien
Austria

P
AUL A. NEGULESCU
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
San Diego, CA
USA

J
ENS NEUMEYER
Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie
Universität Stuttgart
Stuttgart
Germany

A
LEXANDRA C. NEWTON
Department of Pharmacology
University of California at San Diego
La Jolla, CA
USA

C
OLIN G. NICHOLS

Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, MO
USA

M
ICHAEL NILGES
Unité de Bio–Informatique Structurale
Institut Pasteur
Paris
France

D
ONATUS NOHR
Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition
University of Hohenheim
Stuttgart
Germany

H
ANS-PETER NOTHACKER
Department of Pharmacology
University of California
Irvine, CA
USA

A
STRID NOVOSEL
Children’s University Hospital, Department of Paediatric
Haematology & Oncology & Clinical Immunology
Universität Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf
Germany

B
ERND NÜRNBERG
Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf
Germany

J
AMES N. OAK
Centre for Addiction & Mental Health
University of Toronto
Toronto, ONT
Canada

S
TEFAN OFFERMANNS
Institute of Pharmacology
University of Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany

Y
ASUO OGAWA
Department of Pharmacology
Juntendo University School of Medicine
Tokyo
Japan

N
ATHAN D. OKERLUND
University of California
San Francisco, CA
USA
A
LEXANDER OKSCHE
Mundipharma Research GmbH
Limburg
Germany

G
ISELA OLIAS
Department of Molecular Genetics
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Potsdam-Rehbruecke
Nuthetal
Germany

xx List of Contributors
LUKE A. J. O’ N EILL
School of Biochemistry and Immunology
Trinity College Dublin
Ireland

H
ARTMUT OSCHKINAT
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie
Berlin
Germany

R
ENÉ R. S. PACKARD
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of
Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
USA

M
ATHIV ANAN PACKIARAJAN
Lundbeck Research USA
Paramus, NJ
USA

C
LIVE P. PAGE
Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology
King’s College London
London
UK

R
ALPH PASCHKE
III. Medical Department
University of Leipzig
Leipzig
Germany

J

ÖRG PETERS
Physiologisches Institut der Universität Greifswald
Greifswald
Germany

A
LEXANDER PFEIFER
University of Bonn
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Bonn
Germany

J
OSEF PFEILSCHIFTER
Pharmazentrum Frankfurt
Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
Germany

J
EAN-PHILIPPE PIN
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle
CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661
Universités de Montpellier 1&2
Montpellier
France

J
ANE A. PINAIRE
Lilly Research Laboratories
Eli Lilly and Company

Indiana, IN
USA

S
ARAH L. PITKIN
Clinical Pharmacology Unit
University of Cambridge
Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital
Cambridge
UK
R
OBIN PLEVIN
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
University of Strathclyde
Glasgow
UK

E
REZ PODO LY
The Life Sciences Institute
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Israel
A
NNEMARIE POLAK
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
Aesch, Basel
Switzerland

Y

VES POMMIER
Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer
Research
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD
USA

O
LAF PONGS
Institut für Neurale Signalverarbeitung, Zentrum für
Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg
Hamburg
Germany

B
ERND PÖTZSCH
Universitätsklinikum Bonn
Bonn
Germany
I
RENE PUGA
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, NY
USA
J
ÖRG RADEMANN
Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)
Berlin
Germany

List of Contributors xxi
DANIEL J. RADER
Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA
USA

N
EIL D. RAWLINGS
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome
Campus
Hinxton, Cambridgeshire
UK

E
RIC RAYMOND
Department of Medical Oncology
Beaujon University Hospital
Clichy Cedex
France

H
OLGER M. REICHARDT
Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology
University of Göttingen
Göttingen
Germany

A
NNE REIFEL-MILLER

Lilly Research Laboratories
Eli Lilly and Company
Indianapolis, IN
USA

R
ICHARD REIMER
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences
Stanford University
Stanford, CA
USA

C
ONSTANZE REINH ARD
K.U.Leuven and VIB
Leuven
Belgium

Y
VONNE REISS
Joint Research Division Vascular Biology of the Medical
Faculty Mannheim
University of Heidelberg, and the German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ)
Mannheim and Heidelberg
Germany
T
HOMAS RENNÉ
University of Würzburg
Würzburg

Germany

K
LAUS RESCH
Institute of Pharmacology
Hannover Medical School
Hannover
Germany

E
LKE ROEB
Gastroenterology
Justus-Liebig-University
Gießen
Germany

H
ANS ROMMELSPA CHER
Department of Clinical Neurobiology
University Hospital Benjamin Franklin
Free University Berlin
Berlin
Germany

T
HOMAS C. ROOS
Reha Klinik Neuharlingersiel, Interdisciplinary Center for
Dermatology, Pneumology and Allergology
Neuharlingersiel
Germany

W
ALTER ROSENTHAL
Institut für Pharmakologie
Freie Universität Berlin
Berlin
Germany

A
NA M. ROSSI
Department of Pharmacology
University of Cambridge
UK

B
ERNARD C. ROSSIER
Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie de
l’Université
Lausanne
Switzerland

U
WE RUDOLPH
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
University of Zürich
Zürich
Switzerland

G
EORGE SACHS

David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California at Los Angeles and Veterans
Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
Los Angeles, CA
USA

xxii List of Contributors
DAVID B. SACKS
Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
USA

A
NAN H. SAID
Laboratory of GI Developmental Biology, Department of
Surgery
Medicine & Lombardi Cancer Center Georgetown University
Washington, DC
USA
E
MANUELA SALVATORELLI
Department of Drug Sciences and Center of Excellence on
Aging
G. d’Annunzio University School of Medicine
Chieti
Italy
B
ALÁZS SARKADI
Research Group of Membrane Biology

Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Hungary
M
ICHAEL SCHAEFER
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Pharmakologisches Institut
Campus Benjamin Franklin
Berlin
Germany

G
EORGIOS SCHEINER-BOBIS
Institute of Biochemistry and Endocrinology
Justus Liebig University Giessen
Giessen
Germany
L
AURENT SCHILD
Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie de
l’Université
Lausanne
Switzerland

G
UDULA SCHMIDT
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und
Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Freiburg
Germany

E
RIK BERG SCHMIDT
Odense University Hospital and Department of Cardiology
Aalborg Hospital
Denmark

G
ERD SCHMITZ
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
University of Regensburg
Regensburg
Germany

J
URGEN SCHNERMANN
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD
USA

T
ORSTEN SCHÖNEBERG
Institut für Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät
Universität Leipzig
Leipzig
Germany

W
ILHELM SCHONER
Institute of Biochemistry and Endocrinology
Justus Liebig University Giessen

Giessen
Germany
R
OLAND SC HÜLE
Universitäts-Frauenklinik und Zentrum für Klinische
Forschung, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg
Freiburg
Germany

R
ALF SCHÜLEIN
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie Berlin
Germany

G
ÜNTER SCH ULTZ
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Pharmakologisches Institut
Campus Benjamin Franklin
Berlin
Germany

A
NNETTE SCHÜRMANN
Department of Pharmacology
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Potsdam-Rehbruecke
Germany

C

HRISTINA SCHWANSTECHER
Molekulare Pharmakologie und Toxikologie
Technische Universität Braunschweig
Braunschweig
Germany

M
ATHIAS SCHWANSTE CHER
Molekulare Pharmakologie und Toxikologie
Technische Universität Braunschweig
Braunschweig
Germany

D
IRK SCHWARZER
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)
Berlin
Germany

List of Contributors xxiii
MARKUS JOACHIM SEIBEL
Bone Research Program
ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney
Concord, NSW
Australia

R
OLAND SEIFERT
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
University of Regensburg, Regensburg

Germany

O
LIVER SELBACH
Institute of Neurophysiology
Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf
Germany

K
LAUS SEUWEN
Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research
Switzerland

C
HAR-CHANG SHIEH
Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott
Laboratories
Abbott Park, IL
USA

J
AI MOO SHI N
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California at Los Angeles and Veterans
Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
Los Angeles, CA
USA

K
ELLI E. SMITH

Lundbeck Research USA
Paramus, NJ
USA

H
ERMONA SOREQ
The Life Sciences Institute
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Israel

N
OEMI SOTO-N IEVES
Albert Einstein college of Medicine
Bronx, NY
USA
R
AINER SPANAGEL
Central Institute of Mental Health
Mannheim
Germany

U
LRICH SPECK
Universitätsklinikum Charité
Humboldt-Universität Berlin
Berlin
Germany

A
NDREAS STAHL

University of California
Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology
Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

R
ALF STAHLMANN
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Campus Benjamin Franklin
Berlin
Germany

K
LAUS STARKE
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und
Toxikologie
Universität Freiburg
Freiburg
Germany

A
LESSANDRA STARLING
Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute
University of São Paulo
São Paulo
Brazil
W
IM A. VA N D E R STEEG
Department of Vascular Medicine
Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam

Amsterdam
The Netherlands

C
HRISTOPH STEIN
Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin
Freie Universität Berlin
Charité Campus
Benjamin Franklin
Berlin
Germany

C
HRISTIAN STEINKÜHLER
IRBM – Merck Research Laboratories
Pomezia
Italy

J
ÖRG STRIESSNI G
Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmakologie und
Toxikologie
Leopold-Franzens-Universität Insbruck
Innsbruck
Austria

xxiv List of Contributors
YUICHI SUGIYAMA
Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo

Tokyo, Japan

G
ERGELY SZAKÁCS
Institute of Enzymology
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
M
ARTA SZAMEL
Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School Hannover
Hannover
Germany

G
RAZIA TAMMA
Department of General and Environmental Physiology
University of Bari
Italy
C
OLIN W. TAYLOR
Department of Pharmacology
University of Cambridge
UK

P
ETER C. TAYLOR
The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of
Medicine
Imperial College London
London, UK

A
LVIN V. TERRY JR
Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta, GA
USA

M
ARIE-CHRISTI N THISSEN
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für
Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie
Münster
Germany
N
OBORU TODA
Toyama Institute for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research
Osaka
Japan

A
RIE VAN TOL
Department of Cell Biology & Genetics
Erasmus University Medical Center
Rotterdam
The Netherlands

C
HRISTOPHE LE TOURNEAU
Department of Medical Oncology
Beaujon University Hospital

Clichy Cedex
France
P
AUL TRAYHURN
Obesity Biology Unit, Division of Metabolic and Cellular
Medicine
University of Liverpool
UK

J
AN TUCKERMANN
Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz-Lipmann-Institute
Jena
Germany

S
TEFAN UHLIG
Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and
Toxicology
Universitäsklinikum Aachen
RWTH Aachen
Germany

H
UBERT H. M. VAN TOL
Centre for Addiction & Mental Health
University of Toronto
Toronto, ONT
Canada

P
ETER VANDENABEELE
Department for Molecular Biomedical Research
VIB
Ghent
Belgium

U
WE VINKEMEIER
Chair of Cell Biology
University of Nottingham Medical School
School of Biomedical Sciences
Nottingham, NG7 2UH

A
NDRÁS VÁR ADI
Institute of Enzymology
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Hungary

G
IRISH VYAS
Department of Laboratory Medicine
University of California
San Francisco, CA
USA

K
EITH WAFFORD
Lilly and Co. Eri Wood Manor Windlesshan

Surrey
UK
K
EITH WAFFORD
Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories
Harlow, Essex
UK

List of Contributors xxv
HENNING WALCZAK
Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine
Imperial College London
London
UK

M
ARY W. WALKER
Lundbeck Research USA
Paramus, NJ
USA

R
UI WANG
Lakehead University
Thunder Bay, ONT
Canada

T
HEODORE E. WARKENTIN
Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program

Hamilton Health Sciences, and Department of Pathology
and Molecular Medicine
Michael G. DeGroote School of Medical
McMaster University
Hamilton, ONT
Canada

T
ANYA M. WATTERS
School of Biochemistry and Immunology
Trinity College Dublin
Ireland
D
AVI D J. WAXMAN
Division of Cell and Molecular Biology
Department of Biology
Boston University
Boston, MA
USA

J
ÜRGEN WESS
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of
Health (NIDDK)
Bethesda, MD
USA

B
ERND WIEDEMANN
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität

Bonn
Germany

I
RITH WIEGAND
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
Bonn
Germany

F
ELIX T. WIELAND
Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg
University Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany

T
HOMAS E. WILLNOW
Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine
Berlin
Germany

S
USAN WONNA COTT
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
University of Bath
UK

T
HOMAS WORZFELD

Institute of Pharmacology
University of Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Germany
Y
OSEF YARDEN
Department of Biological Regulation
The Weizmann Institute of Science
Rehovot
Israel

M
OUSSA B. H. YOUDIM
Technion-Rappaport Faculty of Medicine
Eva Topf Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative
Diseases
Department of Pharmacology
Haifa
Israel

U
LRICH M. ZANGER
Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical
Pharmacology
Stuttgart
Germany

M
AYANA ZATZ
Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute

University of São Paulo
São Paulo
Brazil

R
AINER ZAWATZKY
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg
Germany

H
ONG ZHOU
Bone Research Program
ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney
Concord, NSW
Australia
xxvi List of Contributors
HEIKE ZIMDAHL
Boehringer Ingelheim
Pharma GmbH & Co KG
Biberach
Germany

R
ICHARD ZIMMERMANN
Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie
Universität des Saarlandes
Homburg
Germany

List of Contributors xxvii