Báo cáo khoa học: Tiếng Anh ai mà chẳng muốn học tốt docx

40
NGON NGUT & 001
SONG
SO
1+2(183+184)-2011
NGOAI
NGQ VOI
BAN
NGO
TIENG
ANH
AI MA CHANG MUON HOC TOT
NGUYEN THANH TAM
(Ha Noi)
Trong
ITnh
vue giao due tieng Anh eho
the he tre, dieu lam nhieu ngudi trdn trd
nbire
nhdi nhat, la sd sinh vien tdt nghiep ed
ti le ndi va nghe duge tieng Anh rat thap.
Theo sd lieu cdng bd tai hdi thao qudc te ve
"Vai tro cua giao
due
ngon ngir va van
hoa vdi viec dao tao nguon nhan
lye
dia
phuo'ng trong boi canh toan cau hda" ddu
thang 4 ndm 2009 tai Ha Ngi ma tdi may
man dugc dy, ti le

"edm"
va
"diee"
tieng
Anh ddi vdi sinh vien tdt nghiep md mdn
tieng Anh khdng la chuyen ngtr tren tu 80-
85%
va
ddi vdi nhirng trudng chuyen tieng
Anh 40-45%. Neu sd lieu tren la tin cay, thi
tinh trang nay dang bao dgng va de chung ta
suy nghT. Vay day va bgc tieng Anh nhu the
nao ndi chung va nhat la d trong cac trudng
pho thdng va dai hgc?
Tdi biet kien thire tieng Anh la vd tan,
minh ehang la gi ca trong thien ha. Nhung
tai sao minh lai khdng dya vao nhimg nam
•'lan lgi" vdi "nghiep" tieng Anh eua minh,
ma manh dan
Idm
"y ta" de cung cac "bac
sf"
khae chua dugc cdn benh "cam" va
'"diee"
tieng Anh cho cae sinh vien chung ta?
Tdi hy vgng bai nay phan ndo giup ieh cac
sinh vien dang hgc tieng Anh, ke ea nhiing
ai yeu thich mdn ngoai ngii nay.
Dau tien ngudi hgc phai xac dinh that rd
dgng

CO
hgc tieng Anh. Thdi dai ngay nay,
hien nhien la neu sau khi sinh vien tdt
nghiep d eac trudng dai hgc, eao ddng hoac
chuyen nghiep, ed trinh do tieng Anh tdt thi
rat de ed viee lam viec tdt vdi muc thu nhap
tdt. Hg ed the tiep tyc bgc tap d nude ngoai
de sau nay cang dugc cdng hien nhieu cho
xa bgi, vdi tuong lai sang
lan Nguge
lai,
neu sd sinh vien mdn tieng Anh khdng tot
tuy ed mdn bgc ehinh ket qua rat gidi, ma thi
lELTS
hay TOEFT khdng dat, thi cung la vo
nghTa, ndi ehi den chuyen dugc cdng viec
lam tdt hoac du hgc nude ngoai? Chi sau khi
hg da xae dinh lgi ieh cua tieng Anh cac ban
tre nay mdi
thye
su ed duac quyet tam hgc
tieng Anh. Luc do hg se tim ra phuong phap
hgc cd dugc ket qua tdt nhat.
Hgc tieng Anh, bat dau tir bgc ndi tdt.
"Ndi"
a
day khdng ehi don thuan la ndi, ma
nd cdn gdm nhieu
khdu
quan trgng ma the

thieu dugc trong qua trinh ndi. Dd la phat
am chuan, trong am diing, ngir dieu
"nuot"
va noi theo
each
noi cua nguoi ban
ngir. Nhieu ngudi biet, khi phat am cd trgng
am sai thi nghTa hodn toan khae nhau. (nhu
chir content (la danh tir) nghTa la ngi dung va
content (la tinh tir) nghTa la ddng y. Mudn
phat
am
chuan, viec dau tien, thay day phai
phat am chuan. Chung ta cd
1001
each kiem
chimg xem thay day cd ndi ehuan khdng.
Biit
bao nhieu giao trinh day kem theo bdng,
dTa, tren kenh truyin hinh BBC, ABC,
CNN cd
thi
giup chung ta biet duge ngay
tiing Anh cua thay cd ehuan khdng. Ngay
nay khdng thieu gi ngudi bdn ngii Anh, MT
hoac
Australia hay
cac ban be da tu nghiep
so
1+2

(183+184)-2011
NGON
NGUT & 06l
SONG
41
d
nude
ngoai cd
thi
giup ta khau phat am
tieng Anh chudn.
Ngudi nude ngoai ed ehung mot nhan xet
la nhieu ngudi Viet Nam khi ndi tiing Anh
thudng khdng de y am cuoi tir. Dieu nay dan
den ngudi nghe hieu sai dieu dinh ndi va
thye su gay khd chiu cho ngudi nghe, bdt hg
phai doan. Am "fai" neu bd am euoi cd the
la
fine,{Xb\
dep) five (sd nam) fight (chiln
dau),fire
(lua,
ehay ),y?/e
(hd
so),find{1\m
thay).
Tuong ty nhu vay, khi ndi Cd dy tdt
(^he
Is
nice) cd the nham la Cd dy chin tuoi

(She is nine). Six (sau) ciing de nham la sick
(dm)
Khau ndi bao gdm ca nghe nira, ngudi ndi
phai hieu gi ddi phuong dang ndi. Rd rang
chi khi phat am dung, thi ngudi nghe mdi
hieu dung ngudi ndi dinh dien ta, chuyen tai
thdng tin gi, va nguge lai.
Trong giao tiep ddi khi ta khdng the hieu
het
100%,
phai van dyng
kT
nang ndi, la phai
phan doan va dya va van canh Vi vay phai
ren
liiyen
kT nang nghe, binh iTnh va doan
nghTa trong ndi dung eau chuyen dang ndi
den. Thi du khi dang ndi ve de tai gia dinh
eon cai, "Tdi cd cau con trai
19
tudi, khdng
the nham la 90 tudi. Neu chi cham chu vao
mot vai ehii chua hieu ma khdng nghe dugc
chtr, doan khdc thi bd lai nhirng phan quan
trgng tiep.
De luyen kT ndng ndi, luc dau, ban cd the
hgc thugc long nhu may mdt sd "cau tu" ma
trong giao dich nhiing eau xa giao thdng
thudng nhu "Chdo dng, dng cd khde khdng

hay dgo ndy dng cd khde khdng?", "Ong
den Viet Nam bao nhieu lan?
",
"Ong cdn d
Viel Nam bao lau nita?
".
"Cdm on dng
vi
su
chu ddo cua dng vdi chung Idi", khi nhiing
cau ndi nay nhanh nhu may, ban se cang tu
tin hon khi giao tilp vol hg. Hay hgc each
ndi tiing Anh cua cae hudng dan vien du
lieh. That khdng qua khi ndi nhieu hudng
dan vien du lieh Viet Nam ndi tiing Anh rat
ehuan, hay va luu
lodt,
ehi vi hg da qua
thugc bai va phai ndi hang ngay. Vay thi xin
mdi cac ban hay lam thir hudng dan vien du
lich de nang eao tieng Anh!
Cach day da nhieu nam rdi, cd lan ddn
khach nude ngoai tai san bay Ngi Bai, tdi
van nhd den mot cau ndi cua mdt nhan vien
hai quan chung ta hdi ngudi nude ngoai
bang tieng Anh rat chuan va luu loat vdi
gigng tram "Xin dng cho xem hd chieu, dng
cd gi de ke khai hdi quan khdng?" "Passport
please! Have you got anything to declare"
Tai sao? Dd

la
cau cira mieng chac nhan
vien hai quan nay phai ndi den qua nghin lan
rdi (thye tinh, tir suy nghT dd, nd da giup tdi
nhieu trong khau tap ndi tieng Anh). Vay
cting xin mdi cac ban hay lam thu nhan vien
hai quan tai san bay qudc te Ngi Bai de ndi
gidi tieng Anh!
Nhieu ngudi nude ngoai nhan xet khdng
it sinh vien Viet Nam cd vdn tu vyng rat
phong phu va nam chac ngu phap ban ca
giao vien ban ngii, nhung hg van su dyng
tieng Anh khdng dung, hoac dung van pham
nhung khdng phai each ndi cua ngudi ban
ngtr, bdi vi hg cung bi anh hudng ngtr phap,
hoac each ndi cua tieng Viet.
Dung la trong tieng Anh, mot sd cdu ed
cau tnie gidng tieng Viet (thi du: "Tdi mudn
di ehg" (I want to go to the market) hay "Tdi
cd khd khan trong cuge sdng" (I have
dificulty
in life), cdn lai, each ndi cua ngudi
Viet khae xa each eua ngudi ban ngii.
Chang ban nhu cau "Ong cd the ndi dugc
bao nhieu lieng
nude
ngodi?" ngudi ta ndi
"What languages do you speak? " chu khdng
phai "How many foreign languages can you
speak

".
Tuong tu nhu vay, "Bao gio thi dng
ve
nude?
" thi ngudi ta ndi "Ong d ddy cdn
42
NGON
NGi/8(06l
SONG
SO
1+2
(183+184)-2011
bao
Idu?"
(How long are you staying in
Viet Nam?), chir khdng ndi "When do you
have
lo leave
Vieliium
for your country?".
Hay cdu khae: "Tdi nay anh dinh lam gi?"
("What
are you doing tonight?
")
hoae: "Tdi
rat thich anh" ("I really like you", khdng
phai la: "I like you very much"). Nhirng thi
du tuong ty nhu vay thi nhieu vd ke. Xin
mdi cae ban
tir

kham
phd.
Sau khi ban da "len tay" tieng Anh. ndi
tuang ddi dimg dgng lir nao di vdi tinh tir,
danh tu nao (thi du lo do homework,
exercises nhung lo make progress, lo make
a
mistake ) ban nen dan "nang tay nghe"
bang each van dung thanh ngfr. Chdng han,
"Tdi khdng khde lam!" (I am not very well)
nhung ngirdi ta
thirdng
ndi "/ am a bit under
die
weather". Toi nhd ed lan
nigl
ban khach
nu nude ngoai den nha
cho'i
ngdi da lau, tdi
hdi te nhi "Bd mudn sira sang, trang diem
sdc dep khdng?". (Do you like to powder
your nose?) Ba khach mim eudi gat dau
ngam hieu ngay bd cd cdn di toilet khdng?
Mot lan khae, khi di choi phd vdi mot ba
khach du lich
ntzudi
MT. khi cam thav da
khat va met, tdi mua 2 ehai nude khoang
con, mot mdi ba va mot phan tdi. Ba khach

cir ddi tra tien. Tdi tir ehdi va bao "Ddng
Id
bao
nhiHu!"
("ehieken-shit-money'")
("Tien
eirt
ga ay ma"", tire la "Ddng
Id
bao nhieu
lien") Tdi ndi xong, ba khach ngac nhien
Sling sdt khen tdi ndi tieng Anh, ba eu tudng
lui sinh
idng 6
MT hoac ehi It cung hgc tap d
MT ve chir hg ed biet dau, do la nhung eau
ndi sinh boat tdi hgc duge trong giao dich
tieng Anh vdi
iigutri
ban
ngCr.
Sinh boat trong eac eau lae bd ndi tieng
Anh, hay tham gia eac budi giao luu vdn hda
vdi cae ban nude ngoai hay trao ddi e-mail
vdi eac ban ngirdi ban
ngu'
lii
dieu kien li
tudng de nang eao tieng Anh ndi va viet eua
ban. Cd lan khi nhan duge e-mail eua mdt

ban Anh lam viec d Viet Nam, ban da md
dau bang cau "/ hope this mail finds you
well". Tai sao ta lai khdng sir
diing
eau nay
mdi lan viet thu nhi? Tdi ed ngudi ban
phdng vien MT trude day thudng
trii
tai Ha
Ngi quen nhau trong cdng
trie,
na}'
ban
\'c
nude de hoan thdnh luan an tiln sT. Anh vilt
thu cho tdi giai thich tai sao chain viet
thir:
vi qua ban rgn, vira gianh thdi gian cho thi
cir, lai vice cdng viee
lu
hang nga) luon
doi
hdi.
Anh viet: "The past year has been an
extremely
biiSy
lime for me between
a
second
child,

a demanding fob and work on my PhD
research, and I haven't had
lime
for much of
anything else ". Cuoi thu, ban tdi viet: "Best
wishes,
health and happiness to you and
your family!" Tdi rat thieh nhung eau nay
eiia
ban tdi, tdi hgc thugc, "bien thanh" cua
minh va sir dung hang ngay khi tdi viet
elio
ban be, ndi rd li do tai sao tdi chain viet thu.
Cau "The
pasl
year has been un extremely
busy lime for me
belween l6\
thay bang cau
"the pasl two years have been extremely
hiisv
limes for me between " . Xem
nhCrnu
eau nay, cd "tay" va "ta" deu khen tdi ndi
tieng Anh. Hg ed biet dau dd la nhung eau
tdi da hgc cua cae ban ngudi ban ngtr trong
khi trao ddi e-mail.
,-,,r,,
Nhung ehu de sinh hoat trong eau lac bo
dd, ehang ban

"sir
ndng len cua
khi hdii
loan
cdu
"
(global warming) ed the la de tai tdt de
tranli
luan. Ban hay bam gid do thu ndi dugc
bao nhieu phut ve de tai nay? Xin dam bao
sau mot vai lan sinh boat eau lae bg, tieng
.^nh
eua ban se luu loat ban.
Theo ddi thudng xuyen cac kenh truyin
hinh BBC, ABC,
CNN ngoai
lugng thdng
tin ndng ban biet. ban ed the hoe duge nhilu
tir vung, each ndi, phat am \a
iigiic tiuig
Anh
eliiian
eua ngudi ban ngti'.
(xem tiep trang
H5)
so 1
+2
(183+184)-2011
NGON
NGJJ 8c

o6l SONG
85
2.
Trin Van Co (2007), Ngdn ngir hoc tri
nhdn (Ghi chep va suy
nghi),
Nxb. KHXH.
3.
Nguyen Lai
(1999),
Nhirng bdi gidng
ve ngdn ngu hgc dgi cuong - Tap I : Mdi
quan he
giiia
ngdn ngir vd tu duy, Nxb.
DHQGHaNgi,
tr.191-199.
4.
Ly Toan Thang (2005), Ngdn ngir
hgc tri nhdn. Tir
II
thuyet dgi cuang den thuc
lien lieng Viet, Nxb. Khoa bgc xa hdi (tai
ban 2009, Nxb. Phuang Ddng).
5.
Trdn Ngge Them (tai
ban
2001), Tim
ve bdn sdc vdn hda Viet Nam, Nxb. Tp.
HCM.

Tieng Anh
6. Choi, I., Nisbett, R. E., & Smith, E.
E. (1997). Culture, categorization and
inductive reasoning. Cognition, 65, 15-32.
7.
Lakoff,
G. & Johnson, M. (1980),
Metaphor we live
by.
Chicago, London.
8. Wierzbieka, A. (1991), Cross-
Culliiral
Pragmatics: The Semantics of
Human Interaction. Mouton de Gruyter
Berlin.
9. Wierzbieka, A. (1992a), Semantics.
Culture, and Cognition: Universal Human
Concepts in Culture-Specific
Configurations. New York: Oxford
University Press.
10.
Wierzbieka, A.
(1992b),
'Japanese
Key words and core cultural values'
Language in Society.
20:333-385.
11.
Wierzbieka, A. (1993), 'A
conceptual basis for cultural psychology'

Ethos 21(2):
205-231.
12.
Wierzbieka, A. (1996), Semantics:
Primes and Universals. New York: Oxford
University Press Oxford.
13.
Wierzbieka, A. (1997).
Understanding Cultures through their Key
Words: English. Russian. Polish, German,
.hipanes.
New York: Oxford Univ. Press
(Ban Bien tap nhan
bai
ngay 24-11-2010)
TIENG ANH
{tiep
theo trang 42)
Trong thdi dai ngay nay, khi cdng nghe
khoa bgc phat trien, cd rat nhieu cac sach
giao khoa tieng Anh, d cac hieu sach, va ca
d tren mang internet. Ngudn tri thirc vd tan
nay cd the giup ban bgc tdt tieng Anh. Xin
mdi ban hay tan dyng ehung.
Dung la hgc tieng Anh nghiem tuc that
lam cdng phu vat va va phai kien tam. Phai
bgc,
nghe, viet va dge, tao mgi ca bgi cd the
de thye hanh trong hang ngay, hang tuan. Dd
la con dudng khd khdn dai vd tan, nhung

ciing day thich thu. Sao ban lai khdng thu
"dan than" vao con dudng hgc van day
chdng gai vat va nay xem sao? Cac cy da
day da cd di se tat phdi den ma.
Thay ldi ket, tdi xin neu len mdt cau
chuyen "ngudi that viec
thaf.
Trudng hgp
em Dd thi H.B. sinh vien tdt nghiep ndm
2009 he chinh quy mot trudng dai bgc tai Ha
Ngi.
Em H.B. ngudi da dugc tdi giup da
tieng Anh dung 2 budi ruai trudc kbi di thi
tuyen cdng chuc nha nude vao mot bg ed ten
tudi trong ndm 2009. Phan tieng Anh, em da
dd a khoa trong cuoc thi do mot bgi ddng
tieng Anh cd uy tin kiem tra. Em chi dimg
sau mot sinh vien da timg hgc d Anh hai
ndm. Em H.B. da van dyng tuyet vdi nhiing
"chieu" tdi giup. Dd la dac biet chu y den
kl
ndng ndi nhu: phat am chuan, co trong
am,
ngir dieu, khong bo nhirng am cuoi va
phai noi theo
each
ciia ngvoi ban ngir
(Xin luu y them em H.B. khi bgc dai hgc.
mdn ngoai ngtr ehinh cua em khdng phai la
tieng Anh ma la tieng Nga, tieng Anh em ehi

hgc hdi
a
trudng phd thdng! Sau ndy tdi
duge biet them vai thang sau, em da duge
bg mdi tuyen em cho di tu nghiep d
Australia). Tat nhien, day la mot sy trung
hgp dep vdi triet li cua tdi "Phiic chu lgc
Ihdy" vi hdng phuc eua nha em H.B. qud
Idn,
cdn tdi la ngudi duge "hudng lgc".
(Ban Bien tap
ntian
bai ngay
18-11-2010)