Báo cáo khoa học: Thiên ngữ gốc Hán trong Thiên Nam Ngữ Lục ppt

NG6N
NGtr
soil
2010
THANH
NGC
GOC
HAN
TRONG THIEN NAM
NGlf
LUC
Thien Nam ngd lyc (TNNL)
Id
tac pham Ndm, ndi ve
Uch
sir
nude
nhd tir thdi Hdng Bang den thdi Hau
Trin. Doan cudi gdm vdi
trdm
cau
viet ve Le trieu ki va cdng cupc Trung
hung thdi Le Trinh thi chi nhu mpt
ket luan vin tdt, vdi rat it sy ki?n
Uch sir.
Vdi
8136
cau tho lye bat vd
31
bai tho
chu:

Han,
2 bai
tho
Ndm,
TNNL
trd thanh tdc phim tho Ndm ddi nhit
thdi trung dgi. Theo nghien ciru cua
nhieu hpc gid, TNNL xuat hi?n vdo
cudi the ki XVII. Tdc gid cua TNNL
hi?n van dupe coi
Id
khuyet danh.
Trong bdi viet nay, chiing tdi
nghien ciru nhung cym tir cd dinh gdc
Han hay cdn gpi
Id
thdnh
ngu:
gdc Han
(TNGH) dupe sir dyng trong TNNL.
Tir do, xem xet sy anh hudng cua cac
yeu td nay den ngdn ngii vdn hpc dan
tpc ciing nhu sy hogt dpng cua chiing
trong tdc pham.
1.
Cach
v^n
dyng cdc thdnh
ngir goc Han trong
Thien

Nam ngit
1{4C
Dya
ti:en
vdn ban TNNL
do Nguyen
Thi Lam phien am,
chii
gidi,
kit
hpp
vdi vi?c tra
ciiu
cdc cuon tir dien
BUI
DUY DlTONG
TNGH, chiing tdi tiidng ke cdc cau
tho cd chira TNGH trong
TNNL,
vd
thu dupe ket qud nhu sau:
Trong todn bp 8136 cau tho lyc
bat, cd
115
cau
tiio
(115
lin) van dyng
TNGH. Nhd tho dd
sii

dyng kheo leo
79 TNGH vdi tin so xuit hi?n tii 1
den 6 lan, trong dd:
- 62 cau TNGH dupe vgn dyng
1 lan;
- 7 cau TNGH
dupe
vgn dyng 2
lan;
- 6 cau TNGH dupe vgn dyng 3
lan;
- 4 cau TNGH
dupe
vgn dyng 4
lan;
-1
cau TNGH dupe van dyng 5
lan.
Lay TNGH gdc 1dm cdn
cii
so
sanh, chiing tdi thay trong TNNL cd
3 each chinh van dyng TNGH
Id:
gifl:
nguyen v?n TNGH; diing y TNGH;
cdi bien TNGH (them
ho^c
bdt tir
so vdi thdnh

ngfl-
gdc). Dudi day
Id
nhiing phdn tich cy
thi:
1.1.
Giu-
nguyen v?n thdnh ngfl-
gdc Hdn
Day
Id
tiordng hpp, tac gia giii
nguyen nhung ylu td ciu tgo nen
Thanh ngiir
,
>^
TNGH cung nhu ngii nghia cua cau
thanh ngu: gdc. TNGH dupe dua vdo
cau tho dudi dgng nguyen khdi, chi
khac so vdi thdnh ngii goc ban dau
Id
dd dupe chuyin sang am Hdn Vi?t,
cd tit cd 39 lan vgn dyng cdch nay.
Thi dy nhu:
Hieu hod su dy kip
sao.
Dye tdc bat dgt trdi ndo cd dung.
(cau 1134)
Ho^e:
Den Kim Lan co ddu ghenh

Luc noi cdi tii hodn sinh chdng
ciing.
(cau 2916)
Ngodi
ra,
chiing ta
cdn gdp
nhiing
cau
TNGH dupe
vgn
dyng nguyen
v?n
trong
cdc cdu cy
thi
sau
day:
273,
296,
397, 507,
736, 739, 1314,
1338,
1356,
1423, 1513, 1703, 1796, 1904,
2244, 2405, 3407, 3589, 3914,
3961,
4075, 4082, 4466, 4500, 4743,
4751,
5125, 5365, 5447, 5602, 5996, 6032,

6118,6625,7540
(xm xem
tix)ng
[6]).
59
Nhu vgy, vi?e van dyng nguyen
dgng TNGH d TNNL
Id
kha nhilu,
chiem
33%
trong tdng sd lin vgn dyng
TNGH. TNNL
Id
mpt tgp dien ca
Ijch
sir, tdc gid dd vgn dyng the tho lyc
bat cua dan tpc dl vilt ve cdc trieu
dgi
ciia
Vi?t Nam. Vdi sy anh hudng
cua Nho giao, che dp phong kien Vi?t
Nam md phdng nhieu theo che dp
phong kien
ciia
Trung Hoa. Vi vay,
nhiing TNGH ndi ve che dp trieu chinh
cua Trung Hoa nhu ciru luu tam gido,
ddng sdng ddng tich,
thiiy

y cung thu,
ciing
dupe
van dyng nguyen dgng khi
ndi ve trieu chinh cua Vi?t Nam.
Dieu dang luu y d day, khdng
phdi la sd lupng cdc TNGH
dupe
vgn
dyng nguyen dgng
Id
nhieu hay it md
quan tipng la tdc gia dd vgn dyng
Idieo
leo cdc TNGH dd nhu the ndo de dua
chiing vdo trong cau tho chii Ndm
mpt cdch nhuan nhi, hpp li nhat.
Vdi the logi lyc bdt, tdc gid phdi
tudn
thii
niem lugt theo khudn hinh
dupe
so do hod nhu sau:
Ddng tho
Ddng lyc
Ddng bdt
Vi
tri tieng
2
bing

bing
4
ti-ic
ti-ic
6
bdng(van)
bdng (van)
8
bdng (van)
Vi vgy, khi dua nhiing cau TNGH
vdo trong cau tho lyc bdt, tdc gid nhieu
khi da hnh hogt thay doi ciu tnic cua
chiing. Phan
Idn
nhung TNGH
Id
thanh
ngfl cd
kit
ciu ddi img: gom cd hai
vl,
giira cdc ve vira cd sy binh ddng
vira cd sy doi xiing ve ngii am (sd
tilng, vin, thanh
di?u),
ngO:
phap vd
ngii nghia. Dya vdo
ddc
dilm

ndy.
khi dan cac TNGH, tac gia cd the dao
ve,
thay doi trgt ty giiia cac yeu td
ma van giii nguyen ngu: nghia cua
don
vi
gdc. Vi?c dao ve nhu vgy chu
ylu
Id
de phu hpp vdi niem lugt cua
thi
tho lye bdt.
TNGH thudng cd 4 yeu td
Id
ABCD, cd till ddo tiianh ADCB. Thi
60
Ngdn ngiif sd
11
ndm 2010
dy:
Td xung hiru dgt dupe
dao
tiidnh
Td
dgt
hau
xung trong cau tho:
Mgt minh td dpt hiiu xung
Mudn qudn chdng

sgr,
ngdn vdng
chdng
lo.
(cau 397 - 398)
Hay ABCD dupe dao thanh
CDAB,
ching hgn:
Von
long di quoc trung quan,
Ggp thdi bgt ddng dem thdn ra
ngodi
(cau 3589 - 3590)
Tdc gid da ddo hai vl
ciia
cau
TNGH Trung qudn di
qude
nhung
khdng
1dm
thay doi y nghia
ciia
nd.
Ngodi ra, cd mpt so TNGH dupe
bien ddi mpt yeu
to
nhung ve ban chat
van
Id sii

dyng nguyen dgng bdi ylu
td dd chi thay doi do hi?n tupng bien
am
ho^c sii
dyng tir dong nghia. Thi
dy, TNGH Vdn vo kiem todn khi thi
dimg vdi bien
thi Vdn
vu kiem todn,
khi thi dung vdi biln the
Vdn
vo
song
todn:
Gdm
no vdn vd song
toan
(cau 507)
Vdn
vu kiem todn
trung hieu sdnh
no.
(cau 5996)
2.2.
Dung y thdnh
ngfl-
goc Hdn
Day
Id
cac trudng hpp tac gia

chi liy y
ciia
TNGH. Qua npi dung
cau tho, ngudi dpc cd
thi
lien tudng
din
cau thdnh ngfl: goc
ma
nhd tho
vgn
dyng.
Kit
qua khdo sat
ciia
chiing
tdi cho tiiiy cd 50
tiirdng
hpp "mupn
y dl dien lgi" trong nhflng
^du
tho
sau: 87, 202, 228, 234, 278, 363, 446,
539,
655, 711, 860, 953, 1012, 1094,
1175,
1292, 1449, 1457, 1720, 1776,
2056,
2069, 2299, 2612, 2701, 3627,
3628,

3660, 3759,
3883,
4962,
4993,
5033,
5070, 5110, 5595, 5775, 6241,
6451,
6978, 7146, 7157, 7291, 7322,
7366,
7586, 7607, 7764, 7889, 8076
(xin xem nhflng cau tho trong [6]).
Thi
dy,
cau tho
sau
dimg
y TNGH
Tir
hdi giai huynh
di:
Tuy
chdng mgt
m^
sinh ra,
Ngudi trong bon bl ciing
Id
anh
em.
(cau 5109,
5110)

Ho$c
dung y cau
TNGH Ldo bgng
sinh chdu
trong trudng hpp sau:
Mimg
rdng
phuc bdi tien thdn
Bgng gid
lgi
thiy ki tran hi?n
rdy.
(cau
233,
234)
Cac TNGH
dupe
dich
nglua,
dimg
y chilm ti 1? 43,5% cdc trudng hpp
vgn dyng TNGH ti-ong TNNL. Cdch
vgn dyng ndy gifla
cdc
TNGH
Id
khdng
dong deu nhu:
- Xd
thir thdnh

hd (4 lan);
-
Thdn thdng bien
hod,
Trgr qude
an
ddn,
Hdn phieu phdch
Igc (3
lan);
- Cdi dc tiing thiin, Kit duyen
Tdn
Tdn,
Hd gid hd uy
(2
lan)
Mpt so thdnh ngfl:
dupe
sir dyng
l$^p
lgi nhieu lan trong TNNL la do
ddc
trung the logi quy dinh. Ld mpt
tdc phim dien ca lich sir, TNNL da
xay dyng cdc sy ki?n
Uch sii
theo
thih
tilt,
kit

cau
ciia
mpt tilu thuyit
dya tren cdc bp
sii
chinh thong vd
phan
Idn
la da
sii,
truyen thuyit vd
Thanh
ng&
than thogi. Vdi vi?c dya vdo nhung
the tdi dan gian dd, nhiing md tip
truy?n giong nhau
Id
dilu khd tranh
khdi vd vi?c vgn dyng lgi TNGH cung
Id
dieu duong nhien. Cy
thi
nhu, ndi
ve nhflng ke
Ipi
dyng
thi
lyc
Idn
dl

1dm nhiing dilu xing bgy, khdng cd
gi
die
dyng hon
Id
dimg y
ciia
cau
TNGH Xd thir thdnh hd:
Md thdng neo be, dudng rimg
Trong khdng chupt
xd,
ngocd Ididng
cao thdnh.
(Cau
so 1775, 1776)
Chupt thdnh ddi dira cdng dua
Ddn nhu cd cgn thdi cd thi luon.
(Cau so 7888, 7889)
Cd nhflng trudng hpp, nhd tho
khdng chi vgn dyng nghia cau TNGH
ma
trong qud trinh
sii
dyng cdn md
rpng nghia cho TNGH. Tir TNGH
Ddng diin bdt ddng tdm cd nghia
Id:
Hinh thiic bl ngodi giong nhau nhung
thyc chit ben trong cd nhflng dilm

rieng
khdc,
tac gid TNNL trong nhflng
cau tho dudi day dd vgn dyng lgi vdi
y: 0 the gian
ndy,
khdng thieu gi nhiing
ke ngodi
mdt
thi td ve ddng tinh,
ling
hp nhung trong byng thi diy muu ke
nham hiem:
Ndng tua khuya sdm giu coi,
Thi gian dong
m^t,
mdy ai dong
long.
(Cau so 859, 860)
1.3.
Cdi biln thdnh
ngfl:
gdc Hdn
Day
Id
trudng hpp, tdc gid van
sii
dyng nhiing tir Han Vi?t trong
TNGH nhung dd cd sy bien doi hmh
thai ciu tnic cua thdnh ngut. Bdng

phuong phap tinh lupc hodc chem
61
xen vdo cau thdnh ngii gdc, tdc gid
dua chiing vdo trong nhirng cau tho
ciia
minh het
siic
ty nhien.
Thi
dy,
tinh lupc TNGH Mdn nguyit khai
hoa thdnh mdn nguyit trong cau tho
sau:
Mdn nguy?t chin thdng mudi
ngdy
Sinh ra nam tir tdt thay
di
ki.
(Cau 6107, 6108)
Ho^c
chem xen tir vdo TNGH
Chi tang bdng:
Ben bdo em
Id
Phiing Cai,
Anh
hiing
ta cung chi trai tang
bong.
(Cau 3045, 3046)

Cd 26 lin tac gid vgn dyng cdch
ndy, trong cdc cau: 87, 354, 813,
931,
1022,
1160, 1607, 1691, 2174, 2287,
2297,
2483,
2500, 2941, 3046, 3197,
3997,
4015, 5336, 5781, 6107, 6200,
6577,
6713, 7622, 7909 (xin xem tiong
[6]);
chilm ti 1? 23,5% tong sd cau
tiio chiia TNGH.
Mdc du, ddi vdi thdnh ngii, tinh
CO dinh, ben viing ve hinh thdi cau
tnic la mpt
d^
trung quan trpng, nhung
khi chiing dupe vgn dyng de dua vdo
trong tho Ndm, nhflng bien the thdnh
ngu:
Id
dieu khd trdnh khdi. Nhung
bien the 1dm cho thdnh ngfl: trd nen
linh hogt hon trong vi?c
sii
dyng, nhit
Id

khi nd khdng lam dnh hudng den
ngii nghia
ciia
thdnh ngfl: gdc. Sau
day
Id
mpt sd phuong phdp cdi bien
TNGH
dupe
sir dyng trong TNNL:
- Phuong phdp chem xen (them
tu vdo thdnh ngii goc) dupe tdc gid
vgn dyng 4 lan. Trong qud trinh van
62
Ngdn ngiir sd
11
nam 2010
dyng, nha tho khdng chi don thuan
tach
cau tnic cua
thanh ngy
Han nguyen
dgng, them tir vdo giiia, md cdn cd
sy ket hpp da dang giiia tdch cau tnic
vdi dao ve, chuyen dich Ching hgn
nhu:
Cdn Idu phii
quy
cdn trudng
cdng

danh.
(Cau 354)
- Phuong phap tinh lupc (bdt mpt
sd tir trong thanh ngii goc): Phuong
phap nay td ra rat ddc dyng, xuat hi?n
20 lan trong
TNNL.
Yeu td dupe tmh
lupc rat linh hogt, cd the d nhieu vi
tri idiac nhau trong cau thanh ngii
goc.
Khi thi tinh lupc ve dau nhu:
Thg
ti
Nam
son thanh
Nam
son trong
cau "Nam son
hd
sdnh,
niii trdng xem
tdy" (cau sd 5782); khi thi tinh lupc
ve sau nhu:
Tao
khang chi the thdnh
tao khanh trong cau: "Td cdn dec
nghia
tao khang" (cau sd 1691).
TNGH la nhung don

vi
cd tinh
ham
sue,
da tir lau di vdo tri thiic cua
cac nha Nho nen vi?e tinh lupc di
mpt vai chir trong thanh ngii gdc van
idiong
lam mat gia tri bieu trung cua
chiing, cung nhu khdng gay khd de
cho sy tri nhan ngudi dpc. Cd nhiing
cau TNGH dai nhung dd
dupe
nhd
tho tinh lupc chi cdn 2 tir khi dua vdo
trong tho:
Xa thu mdt
mdi
lang
Idng
(cau sd 87)
Xa thu mgt
mdi,
giang san
v?n
toan.
(cau sd
2500)
'•^''
Hai thi dy tren deu

Id
sy tinh lupc
ciia
cau thdnh ngu: gdc Xa ddng
quy,
thu
ddng
vdn.
Tdc gia van dyng kheo
.•B3
leo cau TNGH
ti-en,
dl ndi nen khdt
vpng mudn ddi cua nhan dan Vi?t
Nam la thdng nhit bd cdi, giang son
v?n toan.
Tuy nhien, vi?c vgn dyng tinh
lupc cac TNGH cung cd diem hgn
chi.
Khi tac gid tinh lupc nhieu qud
se gay ra sy khd nhan biet ddi vdi cau
TNGH gdc. Cho nen tuy timg ngu:
canh va nhiing tir cdn lgi
ciia
TNGH
md chiing ta cd the truy nguyen ra
thanh ngii gdc.
'
2.
Ngi dung cac thdnh ngir goc

Han trong
Thien
Nam
ngul^c
Cdn
cii
vao npi dung, chiing tdi
phan cac TNGH dupe van dyng trong
TNNL thdnh hai chu de
Idn:
chii
de
ve con ngudi (gdm 48 cau) vd chu
de ve cupc sdng, nhirng hi?n tupng
ty nhien (gdm 31 cau).
^^
2.1.
Thanh ngu: gdc Han ndi vl
con ngudi
Trong TNNL, cd 48 cau TNGH
ndi ve dgo
diic,
pham hgnh, quan h?
xa hpi cua con ngudi, chiem
61,6%
tdng sd TNGH dupe vgn dyng. Cy
the nhu sau:
^
- TNGH ca ti^g nha vua vd cac
trieu than

Nhd vua
Id
ngudi cd
diic
dp, hpc
rpng tdi cao, tinh thdng:
Ciru
luu tam
gido (Chin phai thdi Xuan Thu Chiin
Qude vd ba
dgo Id
Phgt
giao,
Nho giao
vdDgo
giao):
'
-
•
,,,
Thdng
biit su co su quyin
Cuu luu tam gidi
ai
phen trong
ddi.
(Cau
6117,
6118)
Thanh ng&

63
Vdi tdi ndng,
diic
dp cua nhirng
minh quan,
trilu
dinh
dupe
thinh tri,
mudn dan
dupe
an cu
Igc
nghifp.
Nhd
vua cd
thi thiry
y cung
thii
(ni do chdp
tay) ngoi yen mpt cho md nhin thien
hg thai bmh. Nhd vua sg an nhdn, khde
mgnh, song vdi tuoi thp
dupe
vi nhu
tuoi
m^t
trdi,
m^t
trdng, ngdy mpt

tdng, dai lau mai vd vung ben nhu
niii
Nam Son (thg ti Nam son):
Tudi vua nhdt nguyit thdng hdng
Nam Son ha sanh,
niii
trdng xem
toy.
VH.
(Cau 5781, 5782)
Ben cgnh do, nhd vua cdn cd
nhflng
vi
tudng tdi gidi vdi dang di
nhu rong, budc di nhu ho (hd bg long
thdnh),
diing
Idu
phdch cua mpt vi
anh himg tudng quan:
*
Hda them ho bp long thdnh,
Thien biiu nhgt gide thirc hinh
de
vuong.
sn^A
(Cau 3961, 3962)
Trieu dinh cd dupe vflng yen,
hung thinh chinh
Id

do dpi ngii quan
lgi.
Dd phdi la nhung
vi
quan Hem
chinh, khdng to bdo
din
cai to cai
tdc
ciia
nhan dan. Nhd vua phdi trir
bd nhiing
kd
bgo ngupe, hodnh hdnh
ciing nhu tham nhiing:
Viic lam ching phgm
hdo
thu,
Bao tru tung
hodnh,
bdy trii nhiing
tham.
(Cau 3197, 3198)
Tdc gid da vgn dyng TNGH Thu
hdo
bdt
phgm (Spi
Idng
chun
vao

mua
tiiu rat nhd ciing khdng dpng vao) de
ngpi ca cdng
diic
cua
Khiic
Hgo, mpt
trong nhirng ngudi diu tien xay dyng
nen ty chu cho dan tpc ta.
- TNGH ndi vl nhung vin dl
nhu dgo
diic,
ll
loi, gia phong trong
xd hpi phong kien
Cdc quan h?, chuan myc trong
xd hpi phong kiln Vi?t Nam deu chiu
sy chi phoi cua h? tu tudng Nho giao.
Ld bgc trieu thin, cdc quan lgi phai
ludn mang trong minh tim
Idng
di
qude trung qudn, ngay cd trong hoan
canh bgt ddng (khd khdn):
Vdn long di
qude
trung qudn,
Ggp thdi bgt ddng dem thdn ra
ngodi.
(Cau 3589, 3590)

Theo quan ni?m Nho gido, ngudi
phy
nfl-
gin
liln
vdi nhung quy chuan
mang tinh nghia vy ddi vdi phy nii
phuong Ddng. Dd
Id
tam tdng
tir
dire,
trong do tir
diic Id
bdn
diic
tinh tdt
ciia
ngudi phy nfl:: cdng, dung, ngdn,
hgnh;
tam tdng
Id
ba dieu phy
nfl-
phdi
theo:
tgi gia
tdng
phy, xudt gid tdng
phu, phu tir tdng

tir.
Hinh anh ngudi
phy nii phong kien mau myc - than
mau
ciia
vua Le Hodn phdi
Id:
Cha
Id
Le Hien chdng hien
M^
Id
Ddng thj hgp duyen vg
chdng.
Bui hay gia dgo tam tdng
Von long kinh tin, chdng long
td gian.
(Cau 3995 - 3999)
Tuy nhien, khdng phdi
liic
ndo
so phgn ngudi phy nfl: ciing dupe tdt
d?p.
My E xinh d?p von
Id
vp cua
chiia Xg Dau nude Chiem Thanh.
Khi vua Ly Thdi Tdng danh
dupe
64

Ngdn ngiif sd 11 nam 2010
Chiem Thdnh, giet Xg Dau. Ndng
My fi da nhdy xuong sdng Ly Nhan
quyen sinh dk gifl: tam
Idng
lift nil.
TNHG ndi y hdng nhan bgc phgn
(ngudi d?p thi so phgn him hiu) dupe
dien dgt bing cau tho sau:
Thdi ben trdm minh xudng sdng
Hdn hoa phdng phdt md hong
lenh
denh
(Cau 4965, 4966)
Nhung doi vdi ngudi phy nfl:
Vi?t Nam, tim long Hit
na
khdng
phai
Id
sy
hdn
ylu,
chit
theo chong
ma
Id
d khi phdch kien cudng, bdo
thu cho chong. Hai Bd Trung dd diy
binh khdi nghia, chong lgi sy cai

tri
tdn bgo cua quan Ddng Ngd.
Td cdn tiec nghia tao khang
Vdy
md
tdphdi kiem
phuong bdo
thii.
(Cau
so 1691, 1692)
Nhd tho dd vgn dyng TNGH Tao
khanh chi the dk ndi len tinh nghia
vp chong tir thud hdn vi cua Trung
Trie.
Khi dd
"kit
duyen Tan Tin",
tinh cdm vp chong thdm thiet, gdn
bd biy lau, bd dd quylt tam tim cdch
bdo thu cho chong. Cupc khdi nghia
ciia
Hai Bd Trung thdnh cdng vua
ddnh duoi
gi^c
ngogi xdm vira tra
dupe
thu cho chong. Hai Bd Trung
da trd thanh hinh dnh tieu bieu cho
y chi, tdi ndng vd pham gid
ciia

ngudi
phy
nfl-
Vi?t Nam.
Tdm lgi, nhiing cau TNGH rat
ddc
dyng trong vi?c khic hog hinh
dnh nhan vgt trong TNNL vdi nhflng
chuin myc, khudn mau cua xd hpi
phong kiln. Ngodi nhung y nghia nhu
tren, tdc gid cdn
dimg
nhilu TNGH
dl ndi vl dgo
diic,
Ig
song, rdn dgy
cho ngudi ddi nhu: Ciru nhdn dg thi,
Cdi dc tiing thiin, Cdn tdc vd uu, Oan
gia
tiic
trdi, Tu nhdn tich dirc,
2.2.
Thdnh ngfl: goc Han ndi vl
cupc song
TNNL vdi 8136 cau lyc bdt dd
dien ca lich
sii
nude nhd suot may
nghin ndm. Nhiing quan ni?m, tinh

cdm, udc mo cua tdc gid ve cupc song
dd dupe the hi?n phin ndo qua nhiing
cau TNGH vd dupe bilu hi?n qua mpt
so khia cgnh sau:
- TNNL ngpi ca phong cdnh dit
nude
Ngay tu thud Hong Bdng, ngudi
dan dit Vi?t ludn mong muon mpt
dit
nude
thong nhit, dpc
Igp.
Bdi vgy,
TNGH Xa dong quy, thu ddng vdn
(Xe cimg mpt khoang
each
giiia hai
bdnh, sdch cimg mpt
thii
chfl:) dupe
nhd tho sir dyng
din
5 lan trong TNNL
(cdu so 87, 931, 2500, 6713, 7909)
dl khic dam
rulm
khdt vpng thong
nhat dat nude cua nhan dan, chdng
hgn:
Xa thu mgt mdi idng

Idng,
Ddn khdng tgp ngyy, vgt khdng
bdt cdn.
(Cau 87, 88)
Cdc TNGH cdn
dupe
tdc gid huy
dpng dl vg nen
biic
tranh phong cdnh
Vi?t Nam non xanh nude bile
tuyft
ml:
Non xanh nude bile xa
khcri
Mudng kia, Mdn ng, ndo ngudi
chdng nghe.
(Cau 4931,4932)
Thanh ngiir
-
Dat nude d?p dg, trdn day cdnh
sdc.
O dd, nhan dan sdng mpt cupc
song thanh binh, yen on, binh yen vd
su:
Nude Nam vgc vge quan hd,
Ddn ddn vd sy, nhd nhd
bhih
yen
(Cau 2173, 2174)

Thgm chi trong chiin tranh, dit
nude van dupe yen binh bdi cd trdi
dat phu hp, ngudi ngudi ddng tdm
hiip luc, quylt tam danh
gi^c.
NTid
dd dd mang
din
nhflng thing
Ipi
vang
dpi:
Binh ra thudn gid thuan mua,
Thien tiidi, dia
Ipi,
nhan hod dudi
tren.
Luy ndo
lUy
chdng phd tan
Gigc
ndo
Id
chdng lo toan ve ddu.
(Cau
4081-4084)
Nhd tho
da
vgn dyng nguyen v?n
cau TNGH Thien thdi, dia lgi, nhdn

hda khi ndi vl thdi dgi Dinh Tien
Hodng, thdi phong kien ty chu dau
tien
ciia
nude ta, nhd Dmh, sdnh ngang
vdi
nude
lang
gilng
phuong Bic.
- TNGH ndi ve cdng cupc xay
dyng dit
nude
Dat nude gidnh
dupe
chu
quyIn
dpc
Igp.
Vdi nhflng
vi
vua sang tdi
hien, trieu
<flnh
phong kiln Vi?t Nam
dan din
dupe
dyng xay. Nhd vua bilt
rdng phdi xay dyng
qude

phii binh
cudng, dat
nude
gidu mgnh, quan dpi
tinh nhu?, nhan dan am no thi trieu
dgi mdi hung thinh:
Hieu xung
la
An Duong Vuong,
Quoc
phii
binh cudng, ddn khde
nhd no.
(Cau so 735, 736)
65
Ngodi ra, nhd vua ciing can dyng
len nhirng thdnh tri chic chin, ben
viing mudn ddi dl doi phd vdi ngn
ngogi xdm:
Mudn ddi tri ddi kim thang
Cdi nguyen Thiin
Dirc,
nude rdng
Vgn
Xudn.
(Cau sd
2287,2288)
Ngay tu buoi dau xay dyng nhd
nude
Vgn Xuan, Ly Nam

DI
dd rat
y
thiie
bien thdnh Long Bien thanh
cdn cir kim thdnh thang tri, vdi thdnh
bdng kim khi, hdo bdng nude ndng,
thdnh tii trd nen vflng chic, quan
gi$c
khdng 1dm gi
dupe.
Nhu vgy, qua nhirng TNGH md
tdc gid vgn dyng, chiing ta thiy dupe
phan ndo cupc song, cdnh sic
ciia
dat
nude
suot may
thi
ki. Dit nude
Vi?t Nam tuoi d?p thanh son thiiy
tii, cupc sdng nhan dan thanh binh,
yen am nhung ciing hdo himg vdi
nhiing cupc khdi nghia chdng
gi^c
ngogi xdm, bdo v? quan hd.
3.
Ket
lu^n
Vi?e vgn dyng cdc TNGH vdo

tgp tho Ndm do sp nhat cua Vi?t Nam
da
chiing td tdc gid dd dimg viing
tren mdnh ddt ngdn nga ciia ddn tgc
vd tiep thu mgt cdch chu dgng, sdng
tgo nhimg thdnh nga ngogi lai. Trong
von tir vyng cua moi dan tpc, vi?c
thilu nhiing cym tii dl chi nhflng khdi
ni?m hay sy vgt hi?n tupng trong
thi
gidi khdch quan
Id
dilu khdng the
tranh khdi. Do dd,
lii?n
tupng vay
mupn nhung TNGH
Id
tat yeu. Tuy
nhien, tdi ndng cua tdc gid chinh
Id
d
cho vgn dyng, cdi bien nhirng TNGH
dd theo dyng y cua minh de lam gidu
them vdn ngdn ngfl: vdn hpc cua dan
66
Ngdn ngiif sd 11 nam 2010
tpc.
Hon nfl:a, tdc gid dd vgn dyng
nhung TNGH vdo mpt

thi
tiio
d^
sic
cua dan tpc Vi?t Nam - the lyc bdt.
Ddi chilu vi?e sir dyng TNGH
trong TNNL vdi trong cdc tap tiio Ndm
trudc dd thi khdng chi thdy dnh hudng
ciia
thi liiu Hdn hgc vdo ngdn nga
vdn hgc ddn tgc md cdn thdy dugrc
qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien
ciia
ngdn ngu vdn hgc tieng Viit tu
tiidi dgi thi hdo Nguyen Trai
din
the
ki XVn. So lupng cdc ylu to Han ngfl-
(d day
Id
TNGH) dupe vgn dyng ngdy
cdng it qua timg
thi
ki, cy
thi
nhu:
Qude dm thi tgp (Nguyen Trdi, till
ki XV) vgn dyng TNGH vdi ti 1? 141/
2032,
Bgch vdn qude ngu thi tgp

(Nguyen Binh Khiem,
thi
ki XVI)
cd ti 1?
57/1416
vd Thien Nam ngu
lyc (till ki XVII) chi cdn
115/8136.
Xem xet TNGH ve cdch van dyng
vd npi dung ngfl: nghia dd cho chiing
ta cd dupe cdi nhin khdi quat ve nhirng
don
vi
tir vyng goc Han trong qua
tiinh
sii
dyng. Vdi hudng nghien
ciiu
cy
thi
nhu tren, chiing tdi hi vpng
timg budc sg cd
dupe
cdi nhin khai
qudt vl todn bp nhflng don
vi
tu vyng
trong kho tir vyng Vi?t Nam
thi
ki

XVII.
TAI
LI$U
THAM KHAO
1.
va
Dung,
Vii Thiiy
Anh
VU Quang
Hdo,
Tir dien thanh ngir
tyc
ngir
Vi?t
Nam
(in
Idn thir
tu), Nxb
Vdn
hod,
H, 2000.
2.
Nguyin Thien Gidp, Tir vyng
hpc tieng
Vi?t
(tdi bdn lan
thir
tu),
Nxb

GD,
H, 2003.
3.
Hodng
Vdn
Hdnh (chu
bien),
Ke
chuy?n
thanh ngir tyc ngii (tdi bdn
Idn
thu
hai),
Nxb
KHXH,
H, 2002.
4.
Hodng Van Hdnh, Thanh ngir
hpc tilng
Vi?t,
Nxb
KHXH,
H, 2004.
5.
Nguyin Bich
Hdng,
Trdn
Thanh
Liem,
Tir dien thanh ngfl-, tyc ngir Han

Vi?t,
Nxb
Vdn
hod H, 2003.
6. Nguyin
Thf
Lam,
Thien nam ngir
lyc (Khao
ciiu,
phien am, chii giai), Nxb
Vdn
hgc,
H, 2001.
7.
Nguyen Lyc, Thanh ngir tieng
Vi?t,
Nxb
Thanh
nien,
H, 2002.
8.
Nguyen Thi
Tdn,
Nhgn
di?n
thanh
ngii goc Han trong tilng
Vi?t,
T/c

Ngdn
nga,S6l2,2003,tr.l6-25.
9. Tran Thf
Thanh,
Tim hilu thanh
ngi^,
tyc ngir trong "Thien Nam ngii lyc",
Lugn vdn thgc
si,
Dgi hgc
Hue,
1996.
10.
Nguyen Nhu Y, Nguyen Vdn
Khang,
Phgm
Xudn
Thdnh,
Tu diln giai
thich thanh ngir goc Han, Nxb
Vdn
hod,
H, 1994.