CURRICULA AND SYLLABI FOR MASTER''''S DEGREE PROGRAMS IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION potx

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PUBLICATION NO. ICAR/ED(A)
PUB-16/6-2QQ1
CURRICULA AND SYLLABI FOR
MASTER'S DEGREE PROGRAMS
IN
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
AND
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
ACCREDITATION BOARD SECRETARIAT
EDUCATION DIVISION
IMDIAN
COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
KRISHl
ANUSANDHAN
BHAVAN-II,
PUSA. NEW
DELHI-110
012
CURRICULA AND SYLLABI FOR
MASTER'S DEGREE PROGRAM
IN
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
AND
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
ICAR
ACCREDITATION BOARD SECRETARIAT

EDUCATION DIVISION
INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
KRISHI ANUSANDHAN BHAVAN-II, PUSA, NEW DELHI-110 012
Publication No.
ICAR/ED(A)
Pub-16/6-2001
PRINTED:
NOVEMBER,
2001
Director
(DIPA)
: A. CHAKRAVARTY
Chief Production Officer : VIRENDER KUMAR BHARTI
Technical Officer : ASHOK SHASTRI
Published by Shri A. Chakravarty, Director (DIPA), Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New
Delhi, Laser typeset by M/s Vee Kay Printers, 37-A,
Kundan
Nagar, Near Bank Enclave, Laxmi Nagar,
Delhi-110092
and printed at M/s
Vinayak
Press,
B-1
111
1,
Okhla,
Phase-I,
New
Delhi-110020.
PREFACE

Technology aided by matching policy and institutional support propelled the productivity-
led growth in crop, animal, fish and horticulture production in India during the post-independence
period. Agricultural growth trend achieved until now outpaced population growth and ensured
food self-sufficiency. The Green, White, Blue and Yellow revolutions bear testimony to the success
of the strategies pursued in the past. For accelerating income growth, alleviating poverty and
enhancing nutrition security, agriculture sector has to move on to a higher growth trajectory in the
coming decades. Ongoing domestic market and trade related reforms underlines the need for ensuring
efficiency, equity and
sustainability
while planning for future agricultural development strategy.
Privatization of services in agricultural sector is beginning to happen. Sharing of agricultural research,
extension and development domains with increasing private sector participation is changing the
structure and composition of agricultural development process itself. Production, efficiency, equity
and sustainability related goals assume conflicting propositions increasing the complexity of
challenges confronting the Indian National Agricultural System. Knowledge and information intensive
agricultural strategy differentiated by specific agro climatic and socio-economic typologies will be
in demand. Agricultural education in social sciences will have to respond to the dynamic agricultural
strategy needs encompassing research, extension and development domains. Central focus in the
social sciences education will have to be on efficient agricultural technology management including
generation, adoption and diffusion of knowledge intensive technologies.
The Education Division of ICAR has been guiding and coordinating agricultural education in
the country. With the establishment and growth of State Agricultural Universities, revision of courses
and curricula in agricultural and allied sciences has been taken up periodically through Deans'
committees. The third Deans' Committee in the series on agricultural education (1995) recommended
constitution of separate committee by the ICAR for revision of post graduate curricula in view of
emerging areas, advancement of science and human resource needs in 21st century. Accordingly,
the Accreditation Board of ICAR constituted 16 Broad Subject Matter Area (BSMA) Committees
for restructuring of post graduate course curricula and other related issues.
The BSMA Committee on Social Sciences coordinated by the Head, Division of Agricultural
Extension,

IARI,
New Delhi was constituted vide ICAR Office Order
No.
l-3/98-Acdn./Edu.
Dated
30.11.98
to examine the present post graduate course curricula and to revise the same in the
disciplines of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Economics. The six members BSMA Committee
on Social Sciences included Dr. C. Ramasamy, Director, Center for Agriculture and Rural Development
Studies,
TNAU,
Coimbatore; Dr. H.S. Vijaya Kumar, Prof. & Head, Dept. of Agricultural Marketing,
Cooperation and Agri-business Management, UAS, Dharwad,
Karnataka;
Dr. P. Kumar, Head,
Division of Agricultural Economics, IARI; Dr. S. Selvarajan, Principal Scientist
(Agril.
Economics),
NCAP and Dr. Rasheed Sulaiman V, Scientist (Agril.
Ext.),
NCAP as Members and
Dr
B.P.Sinha
(up
to
Feb.1999)
and Dr. Baldeo Singh (from March 1999 onwards), Head, Division of Agril. Extension,
IARI, as Coordinator.
The first meeting of the BSMA Committee on Social Sciences was held on August
30-31,

1999,
in the Division of Agricultural Extension, IARI, New Delhi, for developing draft post graduate
course curricula in the disciplines of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Extension. The syllabi
collected from 16 major SAUs and
ICAR
institutes, and also some foeign universities were
deliberated upon in the meeting to rationalize the post graduate programmes under Social Sciences.
Thereafter, a few informal meetings among the members and two workshops were organised on
April 26-27, 2000 and Aug. 4-5, 2000 respectively in the Division of Agricultural Extension,
IARI,
New Delhi for finalising the draft post graduate course curricula developed in the preceding meetings.
These meetings and workshops were
attended
by eminent professors in the relevant disciplines
from
various
SAUs and ICAR institutes, besides local invitees. In these workshops, the draft post
graduate course curricula were thoroughly deliberated upon and revised suitably with a view to
develop professionalism and skills in the students to match the future requirements of specialised
manpower. In both the disciplines, namely, Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Extension, the
course contents have been developed for theory and practical. The relevant references under
"Suggested Readings" have been provided for each course.
We are thankful to all the members of the BSMA
Committee
on Social Sciences and Heads
of Departments (Social Sciences) of all SAUs, who sent their comments and suggestions, and
specially to distinguished participants who attended the
meeting/
workshops and made valuable
suggestions and contributions in the development of post graduate course curricula and syllabi of

social science disciplines. Thanks are also due to Dr. S.L. Mehta, Ex DDG (Edu) and Dr. (Mrs) Tej
Verma,
ODD
(Edu)
Incharge
for their support and encouragement in revising the curricula.
We gratefully acknowledge the guidance and encouragement received from Dr. R.
S.
Paroda,
Ex-Secretary, DARE and Ex-Director General, ICAR and Chairman of Accreditation Board, in
restructuring PG Course curricula.
We specially thank Dr.
Panjab
Singh, Ex-Director, IARI and now Secretary, DARE and D.G.
ICAR for his encouragement, advise and facilities provided to the BSMA committee on Social
Sciences
Our thanks are due to Dr.
Parmatama
Singh, Professor, Agril. Economics and Dean, PGS; Dr.
S. Veerasamy, Professor (Agril. Extension); Dr. V.C.
Mathur,
Principal Scientist (Agril. Economics);
Dr. (Mrs.) Premlata Singh, Scientist-Sr. Scale (Agril. Ext.) and Mr. V.K. Chaturvedi, Technical Officer
(Agril.
Ext.),
IARI, New Delhi, for their support throughout this exercise.
It is hoped that the postgraduate course curricula developed by the Committee will provide
necessary basis for the immediate future while facilitating continuous dialogue to refine and adjust
to the evolving needs dynamically.
New Delhi

BALDEO
SINGH
Oct., 2001 G.D.
DIWAKAR
N.L.
MAURYA
CONTENTS
Page No.
Preface (Hi)
Agricultural Economics 1
Agricultural Extension 14
Annexures
List of participants in the BSMA Committee meeting 27
List of participants in the
1st
BSMA Workshop 28
List of participants in the
Ilnd
BSMA Workshop 29
1. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Major Courses 25 credits
A.1 Core Courses 12 credits
1. Microeconomics
3+0
2. Macroeconomics 3 + 0
3. Econometrics
2+1
4. Research Methodology
2+1
Seminar

1+0
credit
A. 2 Optional Courses 12 credits
1. Agricultural Development, Growth, Policy and Planning * 3 + 1
2. Economics of Natural Resources, Environment and
Sustainability
*
2+1
3. International Trade*
2+1
4. Optimisation Techniques 1 + 1
5. Agricultural Project Analysis
2+1
6. Agricultural Production Economics
2+1
7. Agricultural Marketing and price analysis
2+1
8. Agricultural Finance and Cooperation
2+1
9. Livestock Economics
2+1
10. Fisheries Economics 2 + 1
B. Supporting
Courses**
10 credits
1. Statistical Methods
2+1
2. Mathematical Methods
3+0
Any other course to be decided by the advisory committee depending on

specialization of the student.
Total 35 credits
* The group felt mat these courses are very important and students should be encouraged to
register for these courses.
** Course contents not given.
A.1 CORE COURSES
1. Microeconomics (3+ 0)
Theory of consumer behaviour: concepts, utility functions- existence and nature, utility maximization-
analytical approaches, limitations and applications, demand theory, ordinary and compensated
demand functions-derivations-analytical approaches, limitations and applications; demand theory
and elasticity matrix generation, total price effect, decomposition analysis, direct and cross effects-
analytical approaches and applications generalized to n variables. Extended theory of consumer
behaviour: Recent developments in the theory of demand, linear expenditure system, constant
elasticity demand function, dynamic versions of demand functions-distributed lag models,
Houthakker's
and Taylor's dynamic models; utility functions-separable and additive, homogenous
and
homothetic
functions, direct and indirect; theory of revealed preference, composite commodity
theorem, consumer's surplus, expected utility with risk. Basic theory of the
firm:
concepts, production
functions, productivity curves and isoquants derivations-analytical approaches, limitations and
applications, optimization behaviour-alternative models, short run and long run cost functions, factor
demand derivation, total price effect-substitution effect, output effect and profit maximization effect-
decomposition analysis-analytical approaches and applications generalized to n variables supply
and elasticity matrix generation-conceptual framework for agricultural commodities, joint products-
concepts and constrained optimisation. Extended theory of the firm: homogenous production
functions, constant elasticity of substitution production functions-concepts, properties, equilibrium
analysis and applications; duality in production, production under uncertainty, linear production

functions for single and multi-output cases. Perfect competition, market demand functions, temporal
supply functions and externalities, commodity market equilibrium-short run, long run, differential
cost conditions; theory of cost and empirical evidence on the shape of cost functions, taxation
applications, factor market-supply demand functions, futures market-hedging, risk assumption.
Suggested
Readings
1. Henderson, J. M. and R. E. Quandt. (1972): Micro Economic Theory; A Mathematical Approach.
McGraw Hill,
Kogakusha
Ltd.
2.
Koutsoyiannis,
A. (1979): Modern Microeconomics, Macmillan Press Ltd., ELBS, London.
3. Ferguson, C.E.
(1989):
Micro Economic Theory.
AITBS,
New Delhi.
4. Mansfield, Edwin (1989): Applied Micro Economics, WWW Norton, New York.
5. Leftwich, Richard H. and D. R.
Eckert.
(1962): The Price System and Resource Allocation. The
Dryden Press, Halt Saunders, Japan.
2. Macroeconomics (3+0)
Concept and measurement: national income, consumption -theories of consumption product, wealth,
money, price level, inflation,
CPI,
WSPI,
employment, unemployment and output in the economy.
Employment Theory - Say's Law,

quantity
theory of money, wages, prices, employment and
production, classical theory of saving, investment and interest rate. The simple
Keynesian
and
Classical synthesis-Keynesian theory of interest,
IS-LM
form of the model, classical version of the
synthesis. Input-output model. The concept of full employment, inflationary gap. The theory of
income determination and multiple market economic systems, Multiplier and accelerator analysis,
Monetary and fiscal policies, Integration of
macro-economics
with monetary analysis in the context
of both open and closed economies.
Suggested
Readings
1. Ackley, Gardner (1963). Macroeconomics: Theory and Policies.
Macmillan,
New York.
2. Dernburg, T. F. (1985). Macroeconomics: Concepts, Theories and Policies. McGraw Hill,
Singapore.
3. Skaggs, N.T and Carlson, J.L. (1996). Macroeconomics.
Blackwell,
Oxford.
4. Shapiro, E.J.
(1989).
Macroeconomic
Analysis.
Harcourt
Brace Jovanovich, New York.

5. Branson
H.William
(1977)
Macroeconomics Theory and Policy :London
Harper&Row
publishers
3. Econometrics (2+1)
Representation of economic phenomenon, relationship among economic variables, linear and non-
linear economic models. Analysis of economic time series components and their interpretation.
Growth curves and their estimation. Index numbers, their characteristics and construction of price
and quantity index numbers. Ordinary least squares methods of estimation of simple and multiple
regression models. The BLUE properties of least squares estimate, tests of significance and
confidence intervals. Summary statistics-correlation matrix, residual variance, co-efficient of multiple
correlation, standard errors of estimated coefficients and their uses, partial correlation and its uses.
Maximum likelihood estimation.
Multicollinearity,
principal component analysis, use of dummy
variables, Generalised
Aitken's
least-squares methods of estimation, Random coefficients models.
Heteroscedasticity.
Auto-correlation,
Durbin-Watson
test, error of specification, Estimation from
grouped data. Application of computer softwares like SPSS, LIMDEP, TSP, SHAZAM, SAS for
solving practical econometric problems.
Practical
Selection of models for collected data. Identification of variables. Estimation of regression models.
Tests for autocorrelation, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity. Use of dummy variables.
Distributed lag models. Use of PC for linear regression models.

Suggested Readings
1. Madalla , G.S. (1977). Econometrics. McGraw Hill,
Kogakusha
Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
2. Koutsoyiannis, A.
(1984).
Theory of Econometrics. Macmillan, London.
3. Johnston, J.
(1987).
Econometric Methods. McGraw
Hill,
Kogakusha Ltd, Japan
4.
Gujarati,
D.N. (1995). Basic Econometrics. McGraw Hill, Singapore.
ITI
5.
Acharya,
S. S. and Madnani (1988): Applied Econometrics for Agricultural Economists,
Himanshu Publications, New Delhi.
4. Research
Methodology
(2+1)
Social science - definition, goals and functions. Role of social science
research
in agriculture.
Agricultural economics
research-induction
and deduction, sources of information, review of literature,
identification of problem, and formulation of objectives and hypothesis. Types of hypothesis. Testing

of hypothesis. Research Design. Type of data and their sources, methods of data collection- formal
(sampling) and informal (PRA, RRA) survey techniques, preparation of questionnaire, interview
method, mail order method, cost accounting method. Analysis of data - methods of analysis. Selection
of appropriate tools for analysis. Introduction to statistical software for social sciences. Report
writing-methods of reporting. Use of tables, graphs, diagram, etc. in reports using computers.
Practical
The students will identify a problem in agricultural economics and work on the problem during the
semester as trained in theory classes by intensively using personal computers.
Suggested Readings
1.
Kothari,
C.R. (2000): Quantitative Techniques, 3 rd Edition,
Vikas
Publishing House, New Delhi.
2. Mukerjee,
Neela.
Participatory Rural Appraisal: Methodology and Applications, Concept
Publishing Company, New Delhi.
A
2. OPTIONAL COURSES
1. Agricultural Development, Growth, Policy and Planning (3+1)
Theories of economic growth- Classical and Neo-classical theories, Schumpeter's theory, Keynes-
Hansen Theory for steady growth. Determinants of growth. Growth Models-
Harrod-Domar
Model,
Mahalanobis
Model, Neo-classical growth models, Marx's theory, Rostow's Model and Nurkse-Lewis
Model. Strategies for economic development, balanced vs unbalanced growth. Theories of "Big
Push" and "Critical minimum effort". Theory of demographic transition, population trap, population
growth. Capital formation, technology and economic growth. Social and political factors in economic

development. Policies for economic development, Theories of Myrdal, Singer and Prebisch. Planning
for economic development. Types of planning, Stages in the planning process, Planning models.
Role of agriculture in economic development. Theories of agricultural development. Economics of
traditional agriculture.
Socio-cultural
and other institutional constraints. Planning for utilisation of
surplus resources including manpower. Linkages in agriculture. Structural transformation. Review
of agricultural development in U.S.A, Japan, China and India. Planning:
India's
five year plans. Human
Development Index. Welfare programmes. Globalisation of economies and its impact on Indian
economy. Food security and nutrition policy analysis - concepts and definition of food security
and malnutrition, impact analysis of production oriented polices. PDS, food price policies, food
subsidies, food safety net, food for work programme. Food quality. Measurement of poverty. Poverty
alleviation and development strategies. Rural infrastructure policies, agricultural labour policy,
institutional development policies, communication and transfer of technology policies, Policies for
common property resource management, energy policy- renewable, non-renewable and use of
agricultural waste, integrated pest management policies, fertilizer policies, bio-fertilizer in agriculture,
water resource policies, micro-nutrient issues, land tenure policies and changing agrarian structure,
technology policy, linkages in agricultural research and extension, agricultural research policy,
employment policy and choice of technology, marketing policies- market liberalization policies,
agricultural market reforms with special emphasis to crop, livestock and fisheries.
Practical
Computation of human development index. Measurement of poverty. Review of various Government
policies related to agricultural and economic development and assessment of their impact on
development.
Suggested
Readings
1. Higgins, Benjamin. Economic Development, Problems Principles and Policies. Universal Book
Stall, New Delhi.

2.
Kindleberger,
Charles P. Economic Development. McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
3. Todaro, Machael P. Economic Development in the Third World. Orient Longman, New Delhi.
4. Meier, Gerald M. Leading Issue in Economic Development. Oxford University Press, Delhi.
nn
5. Kuznets, Simon. Economic Growth and Structure. W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. New York.
6. Todaro, Machael P. Economic Development in the Third World. Orient Longman, New Delhi.
7.
Agarwala,
A.N. and Singh, S.P. The Economics of Underdevelopment. Oxford University Press,
London.
8.
Ghatak,
Subrata
and Ingersent, Ken. Agriculture and Economic Development. Select Book Service
Syndicate, New Delhi.
9.
Datt,
Ruddar and Sundharam, K.P.M. year? Indian Economy. S.Chand & Company, New Delhi.
2.
Economics
of Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainability (2+1)
Natural resources- definition, characteristics and classification of natural resources. Historical
development of natural resource economics, major natural resource issues, role of economics in
natural resource planning, policy formulation and management. Common property resources. Time
and spatial analysis in use of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. Natural resource
accounting. Natural resource scarcity, measures to mitigate resource scarcity, individual utility and
the social welfare function. Sources of inefficiency in natural resource use-market behaviour, property
rights and government

policies.
Allocation of renewable and non-renewable resources under various
market structures citing examples of fisheries, forests, water resources and land resources. Natural
resource planning and management.
Meaning, nature and scope of environmental economics; Environmental concerns- concept of
environmental degradation, estimation of economic losses due to environmental degradation and
adjustment measures, comparative advantage/disadvantage of alternative technologies on
environment and sustainability, environmental policy analysis. Agricultural development and
its
effect on ecology and environment; Elements of environmental degradation in
agriculture-Sub-optimal
land use practices like
overgrazing, shifting cultivation, mine spoils, industrial effluent, kilns and burrow pits, use of
fertilizers, insecticides/pesticides and their reach to people through food; Environmental costs of
technological advances; equity and ecology. Environmental problems in developing and developed
nations; Population and environmental sustainability; Concern for environment in Indian planning,
peoples involvement and movement on environmental issues. Global environmental issues.
Environmental impact assessment-different methods to measure the impact of pollution -Internalising
external costs into the product pricing.
Need for environmental protection: an economic overview; Elements of environmental protection-
sustainable agriculture and its dimensions-ecological, economic, technological, social and political;
Preservation of biological diversity. Integrated farming and organic farming; Institutional measures
and regulatory tools for environmental protection; Economic instruments for environmental
protection. Issues of food security and international
irade
in relation to environmental protection.
Sustainability concerns- definitions and concept of sustainability, conditions for sustainable
development, indicators of sustainability and its measurement; Farming systems approach to
sustainable development, its evolution, methodologies and implementation, challenges.
Practical

Temporal and spatial elements in natural resources. Natural resources accounting. Utility functions.
Social welfare functions. Estimation of economic losses of environmental degradation. Environmental
costs of technological development. Environmental legislation.
Suggested Readings
1.
Randall Alan
(1987),
Resource Economics: An Economic Analysis Approach to Natural Resource
& Environmental Policy, John Wiley, New York.
2.
Kerr,
John M., et
al.
(1997). Natural Resource Economics: Theory and Applications in India,
Oxford &
U3H,
New Delhi.
3. Tisdell C. (1993), Environmental Economics: Policies for Environmental Management &
Sustainable Development, Edward
Elgar
Pub. Ltd., USA.
4. Pearce David, Edward Barber & Anil Markandya, Sustainable Development: Economics &
Environmental in the Third World, Eastern Publications Ltd., London.
5. Singh, Mohan M. (1993). Environmental Economics & Natural Resource Management in
Developing countries. World Bank.
3. International Trade (2+1)
International trade- basic concepts. The theory of international trade, absolute and comparative
advantage, international trade equilibrium. Trade policy-protection, tariff and non-tariff measures,
trade liberalisation.
WTO/GATT.

Supply side analysis; opportunity cost; trade under increasing
opportunity costs; factor endowments; trade and factor prices; factor price equalisation. Demand
side analysis; community indifference curves; demand and international trade. Integration of demand
and supply; offer analysis; general equilibrium; equilibrium in product and factor markets. Application
of trade theory; terms of trade; supply and demand shifts; technological change; factor supplies
and trade; factor intensities; transport costs, location. Trade with many goods and countries; Leontief
paradox; Human skills; technological gaps; the product cycle; scale economics. Trade policy-
protection; tariff and non-tariff measures; trade and market structure; trade liberalisation; Factor
mobility and movements; Role of multinational enterprises. International finance; institutional money
and credit markets; foreign exchange markets. Balance of payments analysis; funds flow; capital
and current account. International adjustment mechanisms; fiscal and monetary adjustments. The
International Monetary System;
Bretton
Woods to WTO. Recent developments in the international
trade system. Implications for developing countries. Trade Blocks.
Practical
Determination of absolute and comparative advantage. Gains from trade with fixed exchange rates.
Estimation of terms of trade. Derivation of offer curves and effects of technological change and
factor supply. Estimation of protection coefficients. Measurement of effects of tariff imposition.
Effects of tariff and non-tariff barriers on domestic supply and imports. Preparation of BOP
accounts.
CD
Suggested
Readings
1.
Kindleberger
Charles,P.:
International Economics, Richard D.
Irwin
Inc., New York.

2.
Cherumilam,
Francis
(1999):
International Economics. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Murray, C. Kemp: Pure Theory of International Trade, Prentice Hall, New
Delhi.
4.
Walterjngo
and Areskoug, Kaaj(1981): International Economics, 3rd Edition,
5. Wilfred J.Ethier (1995): Modern International Economics , Norton International Edition
4. Optimization Techniques
(1+1)
Basic concepts, theoretical underpinnings and mathematical basis underlying optimization models.
Problem formulation for programming, preparation of input-output matrix, objective functions and
constraint equations. Assumptions of L.P. Basic and non-basic solutions. Feasible and Infeasible
solutions. Simplex method and its application for solving agricultural problems, use of artificial factors,
Problems of degeneracy, inconsistency, infeasible and unbounded solutions. The generalised simplex
method. The dual method; the dual simplex method. Application of linear programming for solving
practical problems in farming with the help of following: Variable resource programming, Variable
price programming, Integer Programming, Recursive programming. Risk programming (MOTAD),
Theory of games and application of linear programming for solving games problems in farm decision
making. Sensitivity Analysis. Multi-criterion decision making models in agriculture. Transportation
Models. Farm
level/state
level/regional level/sector level modelling of agriculture. Application of
computer softwares like EXCEL, GAMS for solving practical optimization problems.
Practical
Formulation of a linear programming models; Working out
'simplex'

solution; Working out duality;
Sensitivity analysis; Formulation of game theory problems; Multi-criteria decision making;
Transportation type problems; Use of PCs for LP models.
Suggested Readings
1. Heady, E.O. and Candler, W.(1958): Linear Programming Methods, The Iowa State University
Press, Ames, Iowa.
2. Hadley,
G.(
1969):
Linear Programming, Addison Wesley.
3. Greenberg, R. Michael (1978): Applied Linear Programming for Socio Economic and
Environmental Sciences, Academic Press, New York.
4. Dorfman,
R.,
P.
Samuelson
and R.
Solow
(1958). Linear Programming and Economic Analysis.
McGraw Hill, New York.
5. Agricultural Project Analysis (2+1)
The Definition of a project, identification and formulation of project, need for project, ex-ante,
concurrent, and ex-post appraisal, methods of evaluating farm assets, basic data
requirement,
discounted cash flow analysis and measure of probability, choice of discount rate, consideration of
alternatives, divergence of private and social
profits,
government action to bring out equality of
social and private profits, social objectives and accounting price. Allocation of scarce resources;
land, labour, capital, foreign exchange; present and future consumption, optimum use of taxes and

subsidy. Public ownership and planning, relationship between plans and projects selection and
investment programme; private sector projects, method of evaluation of private projects, social cost-
benefit and switching values, uses and abuses of sensitivity analysis. Accounting prices for traded
and non-traded goods, marginal social costs and marginal social benefits, financing of projects,
impact of project outputs on production and consumption elsewhere. Shadow wage rates and
accounting rate of interest, uncertainty and investment criteria, external effects related to inputs
and outputs of the projects, indicators of economic worthiness in project appraisal; period of
recovery, capital output ratio, accounting rate of return, benefit cost ratio, internal rate of return, net
present value, comparison of indicators for environment impact assessment.
Practical
Evaluation of farm assets. Discounted cash flow analysis. Evaluation of projects. Estimating social
costs and social benefits. Investment criteria. Economic worthiness and cost-benefit analysis.
Suggested Readings
1.
Gittinger,
IP. (1984). Economic Analysis of Agricultural Projects. John Hopkins University Press.
2.
Mirrlees,
J.A. (1978). Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries. Oxford and
IBH,
New Delhi.
3. Brealey, R. and Myers, S. (1991): Principles of Cooperation and Finance, 4th Edition, McGraw
Hill,
New
York.
4. Moder, J.J. and Phillips, C.R. (1964): Project Management with
CPM
& PERT,
Reinhold
Publishing

Corporation, New York.
6. Agricultural Production Economics (2+1)
Basic concepts of production function. Historical background and characteristics of different forms
of production functions- linear, quadratic, square-root, Spillman, cubic, semi-log,
Cobb-Douglas,
trascedental,
CES, VES and
Leontief.
Static and dynamic production functions and their applications.
Frontier production functions. Dualities between production, cost and profit functions. Derivation
of output supply and factor demand functions from production and profit functions. Optimisation
and resource allocation. Multiple product relationships. Production possibility curves. Choice
between products and resource use. Spatial and temporal allocation of resources. Resource-use
efficiency: size, productivity and returns to scale, allocative efficiency, analysis of factor shares in
agriculture and their implications on income distribution. Risk attitudes in agriculture, optimization
under risk and uncertainty. Measurement of technological change.
Decomposition
analysis. Total
factor productivity. Technology and supply forecasting-concepts and issues. Aggregate aspects
of agricultural production, efficiency at firm and aggregate level, agricultural supply analysis.
Practical
Specification and estimation of different production functions. Estimation of profit functions.
Estimation of production elasticity. Working out optimal use of resources. Working out least-cost
combination of inputs. Optimum combination of enterprises- independent, joint, supplementary,
complementary and competitive. Estimation
of'b'
values in different production functions.
Allocative
efficiency and factor shares analysis. Measurement of total factor productivity; Derivation of output
demand and factor supply functions. Measurement of risk and optimization under risk

Suggested Readings
1. Heady, E.O. and Dillon, J.L. (1961) : Agricultural Production Functions, Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi.
2. Heady, E.O.: Economics of Agricultural Production and Resource Use, Prentice Hall, Inc., New
York
3. Gujarati, D.N.(1995): Basic Econometrics, McGraw Hill, Singapore.
4.
Sankhayan,
P.L. year: Introduction to the Economics and Agricultural Production, Prentice Hall,
New Delhi.
7. Agricultural Marketing and Price Analysis (2+ 1)
Market structure, conduct performance analysis. Marketing channels for different products in
agriculture and animal husbandry. State intervention and
parastatals
in agricultural marketing. Pricing
of agricultural inputs and products. Buffer stocking and import policies for agricultural produce.
Value addition and its impact on prices of agricultural commodities. Systems approach to agricultural
marketing. Marketing costs, margins and market efficiency. Market integration-horizontal and vertical,
spatial and temporal. Price integration between domestic and international markets. Forward trading,
speculation and hedging. Application of quantitative techniques in marketing. Markov chain
analysis, decision theory, transportation model, network analysis. Demand for and supply of farm
products. Cobweb model. Demand- supply models- Estimation of elasticities. Demand supply
projections. Marketed surplus model- Raj Krishna,
Behrman,
Janvry and Kumar. Demand for and
supply of factor inputs in agriculture. Leontif input-output analysis. Price policy models for inputs
and output. Agricultural price policy. Market integration. Storage, buffer stocks and price stabilisation
measures and policies. Vertical integration.
Practical
Computation of marketing costs and estimation of marketing margins and price spread. Statistical

assessment of market integration. Hedging. Solving marketing problems using transportation, Markov
Chains, decision theory, and network models. Estimation
01
demand and supply elasticity. Projecting
demand and supply. Estimation of marketed surplus.
Suggested Readings
1. Acharya, S. S. and
Agarwal,
N. L.(1994). Agricultural Price Policy. Oxford and
IBH
Publishing
Co. New Delhi.
10
2. Acharya, S. S. and Agarwal, N.
L.(1999).
Agricultural Marketing in India. Oxford and
IBH
Publishing Co. New Delhi.
3. Kohls, R. L. and Joseph, N.
Uhl.
(1980). Marketing of Agricultural Products, Collier
Macmillan,
New York.
4. G. E.
Shephard.
Agricultural Price Analysis. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
5. Hamdy, A.
Taha
(1999).
Operations Research: An Introduction. Prentice Hall, New Delhi

8. Agricultural Finance and Co-operation (2+1)
Financial accounting system: Balance sheet analysis-its valuation difficulties-income statement
analysis-Inventory adjustments-financial tests and ratios. Classification of capital and its sources.
Principles of capital investment-average rate of return, pay back,
internal
rate of return, net present
value and capital budgeting. Definition of credit, classification of agricultural credit, role of credit in
agricultural and rural development, methods for estimation of credit requirement. Rural credit
structure-multi
agency approach to rural credit, credit supply and gap. Different methods of charging
interest. 3Rs of credit, 3Cs of credit and their relation to 3Rs of credit. Credit worthiness and methods
for assessing repayment capacity. Agricultural credit policy. Review of various committee reports
on rural credit and investment. Role of public and private sector banks and co-operatives in
rural/
farm financing. Role and functioning of international financial institutions. Principles of agricultural
finance and financial management. Principles and practices of co-operation. Major cooperative
organizations and their
functioning-IFFCO,
KRIBHCO,
NAFED, NDDB. Successes and failures of
cooperative sector in India. Role of cooperatives under changed economic policy. Model cooperative
act. Critical review of micro and macro finance roles in developed and developing countries.
Evaluation of agricultural credit and policies in India-history of rural financial market, relative
importance of various credit institutions. Financial intermediaries, their role and importance in
agricultural development. Review of various Committee Reports on Rural Credit and Investment-
Rural Debt and Investment Surveys, All India Rural Credit Survey Committee report, All India Rural
Credit Review Committee report, CRAFICARD report, Khusro Committee Report,
Narasimham
Committee report. Cooperative Banking Institutions-Role of cooperatives in financing Agriculture-
Social control of credit:

Bark
nationalisation, Lead Bank schemes, Group lending, Role of commercial
banks in financing agriculture, Rural credit review panel
report-Multi
agency
approach.
Small
farmers'
development agencies. Role of State Bank of India, Reserve Bank of India, NABARD, NGO's in
rural financing. Agricultural financing and infrastructure programmes for weaker sections. Credit
guarantee scheme-Crop and Livestock insurance. Role and functioning of international financial
institutions-World Bank, IMF and Asian Development Bank. Success and failure stories of rural
financial institutions pertaining to developed and developing countries
Practical
Accounting basics. Balance sheet preparation and analysi

Preparation of income statement; financial
tests and ratios. Computation of average rate of return, pay back, internal rate of return, net present
value and
capital
budgeting. Estimation of credit requirements. Assessment of credit worthiness
and repayment capacity. Review of various credit and finance committee reports.
Suggested Readings
1. Reddy, S. and Raghu Ram, P. Agricultural Finance and Management. Oxford and
IBH,
New
Delhi.
2. Kamat,
G.S.(1978):
New Dimension of Co-operative Management, Himalyan Publishing House,

Bombay.
3.
Krishnaswami,
O.R. (1978): Fundamentals of Cooperation; S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Pandey, U.K. (1990). An Introduction to Agricultural Finance. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Lee. F. Warren, Aaron G. Nelson and W.G. Murray, 1980. Agricultural Finance. Iowa State
University Press, Ames, Iowa.
6. Renson, (Jr.), John. B and David, A. Lins, "Agricultural Finance: An Introduction to India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi 1980.
9. Livestock Economics (2+1)
Economic principles and their applications to production of livestock and poultry enterprises under
different sizes and types of farm, decision making in livestock and poultry production and
management; livestock and poultry business efficiency measures; appraisal of different types of
livestock and poultry farms. The characteristics of the demand and supply of factor inputs in
agriculture vis a vis livestock sector, factors effecting cost of production of livestock products and
by products, methods for estimation of cost and returns for livestock products and by products.
Livestock and poultry records and accounts; system of accounting; assessment of financial records,
livestock and poultry insurance and credit facilities, role of formal and informal rural financial
institutions in the development of livestock and poultry enterprises, cooperatives and government
policies towards the promotion of livestock sector in India; Goals of agriculture and livestock
development in India, Constraints towards commercialization of livestock and poultry farming in
India. Structure, conduct
.and
performance of livestock and poultry markets, Analysis of demand
for milk, meat, eggs and other poultry products, analysis of livestock and poultry by-products markets
such as hides and skins, bones, casings, blood viscera, feathers poultry manure, egg shells from
hatchery, dead chicks, etc., problems in livestock and poultry marketing, determination of livestock
and poultry prices; vertical and horizontal integration in the livestock and poultry markets,
government policies vis-a-vis livestock and poultry marketing. Livestock diseases and economic
losses; dimensions of problems, estimation of economic losses in livestock due to diseases, economic

criteria for livestock health projects appraisal.
Practical
Visits to livestock and poultry markets and preparation of critical report with regard to
structure,
conduct and performance of livestock and poultry markets. Estimation of economic losses due to
disease. Appraisal of livestock projects.
Suggested
Readings
1.
Acharya,
S.S. and Agrawal, N.L.
(1999);
Agricultural Marketing in India. Oxford &
IBH, New Delhi.
2. Acharya, S.S. and Agrawal, N.L. (1999); Agricultural Price Analysis. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
3.
Johl,
S.S. and R.R.
Kapur,
Fundamentals of Farm Business Management, Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
4. Kohls & R.L. and Joseph,
N.Uhl
(1980);
Marketing of Agricultural Products. Collier
Macmillan.
5. Kahlon,
A.S.
and Singh,
Karam,

Economics of Farm Management in India. Allied Publishers,
New Delhi.
6. Pandey, U.K., An Introduction to Agricultural Finance. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
10. Fisheries
Economics
(2+1)
Characteristics and definitions of fishery resource economics, Fish and fishing, Basic bioeconomic
relationships in fisheries. Open access and common property resources management issues in capture
fisheries. Externalities in fisheries, stock, technological and congestion externalities. Catch per unit
of fishing effort revenue, costs, profit and rent. Sustainable yield curve. Schaefer's Model Maximum
sustainable Yield and three bioeconomic
optimals.
Some numerical examples.
Background of Indian fisheries development and economic growth. Empirical evidences of over
exploitation of fishery resources; Coastal jurisdiction of states, shared access to coastal stocks.
Trans boundary stocks of
migratory
stocks. Administrative mechanism of fisheries management in
India. Factors affecting the
choice
of management regimes catch limits, restrictive licensing and
individual transferable quotas.
Economic aspects of
aquaculture,
measurement of
insensity
in
aquaculture,
farm size and efficiency,
Input-output relationships, economic analysis of composite culture Social welfare Economics and

aquaculture. Coastal Regtation zones, land tenure system, and aquaculture development.
Practical
• Computation of fishery economics-estimation of cost production, profit, marketing cost and
margins.
«
Basic and bio-economic relationship in fisheries.
• Input-output relationship.
• Measurement of efficiency in fish production.
• Measurement of technological change.
• Estimation of fish demand and supply.
• Estimation of post harvest losses and methods for their minimization.
Suggested Reading
1. Cannigham S. and others. Fisheries Economics. Mansell Publishing
Ltds.
London, 1995.
2. Bromley
D.W.,
The Handbook of Environmental Economics, Blackwell 1998.
3. Fisher A.C., Resources and Environment Economics, Cambridge University press, Cambridge.
4.
Hanneson
R. Bioeconomic Analysis of Fisheries. Fishing News Books, Oxford
1993.
5. R. Korakondy. Economics of Fisheries Management. Daya Publishing House, Delhi.
6. Crean K & Synes D. Fisheries
Management
in Crisis. Fishing News Books. Oxford.
7. Aquaculture Economics Research in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop held at Singapore,
1981.
IRDC

Canada.
2. AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
A.
Major Courses 20-25 Credits
A.1 Core Courses 12 Credits
1. Fundamentals of Extension Education 2+0
2. Fundamentals of Rural Sociology 2+1
3. Psychology of Human Behaviour 2+0
4. Methods of Social Research 2+1
5. Process and Methods of Communication 1+1
Seminar
0+1
A.2 Optional Courses 7-12 Credits
1. Programme Planning in Extension 1+1
2. Management in Extension 1+1
3. Managerial Skills for Extension Professionals 1+1
4. Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations 1+1
5. Agricultural Journalism 1+1
6. Visual and Graphic Communication 1+1
7. Communication Media and Information Technology 1+1
8. Training for Human Resource Development 2+1
9. Training Methodology 1+1
10.
Entrepreneurship
Development 1+1
B. Supporting Courses 10-15 Credits
To be decided by the Students Advisory Committee depending
on specialization of the student.
Total 35 Credits
14

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
A.I.
Core Courses
1. Fundamentals of
Extension
Education
(2+0)
Analysis of definitions, principles and philosophy of Extension Education. Extension Education as
a discipline and profession, objectives and role in development; Historical and emerging perspective
of Agricultural Extension in India; Integrated functioning of teaching, research and extension in
ICAR
and SAUs systems; Participatory extension and participatory research - concepts, modalities
and implications; Extension System in India and its linkage with National Agricultural Research
Systems. Gender issues in rural development & its implications to Extension Education.
Suggested Readings
1. George H. (1988). Guide on Alternative Extension Approaches. Rome, Food and Agriculture
Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, Rome, Under the guidance and sponsorship of
Agricultural Education and Extension Service (ESHE) Human Resources Institutions and Agrarian
Reform Division.
2.
Cernea,
M.M.;
Russell, J.E.A., and Coulter, J.K. (Eds) (1983). Agricultural Extension by Training
and Visit: The Asian Experience. The World Bank, Washington D.C.
3. Directorate of Extension (1964). Extension Education in Community Development. Directorate
of Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India,
4.
Dahama,
O. P. and
Bhamagar,

O. P. (1987). Education and Communication for Development. Oxford
and
IBH
Publishing Co. New Delhi.
5. Mosher,
A.T.
(1978).
An introduction to Agricultural Extension. ADC, New York.
6.
Roling,
N.
(1988).
Extension Science. Information systems in Agricultural Development. Cambridge
University Press. New York.
7.
'Swanson,
B.E. (Ed.) (1984). Agricultural Extension: A Reference Manual. (2nd
Ed.),
FAO,
Rome
8. Van den Ban, A.W. And Hawkins, H.S. (1988). Agricultural Extension. Longman Scientific
Technicals, Essex, U.K.
2. Fundamental of Rural Sociology (2+1)
Rural Sociology: definition, scope, importance and relationship with extension education; Basic
sociological concepts: society, community, rural social institutions, association, social
change,
cultural change, technological change, social values, norms, folkways, mores, customs and traditions;
Culture: concept, types, structure, patterns, problems, cultural relativism and cultural lag, cultural
integration and its role in development; Socialization: concept, role in personality development;
Social stratification: concept, structure, role; Groups: concept, types and dynamics; Leadership:

concept, types, styles, theories and principles, and its implication for development; Religious belief
system and its significance for development; Social structure, social organisations and social system:
concept, differences, types, their role in development; Social sanctions and deviance; Social
Processes: concept, types - competition, conflict, cooperation, assimilation and accommodation;
Social change due to developmental programs and gender roles.
Practical
Rural sociology and extension - cases on social, cultural and technological changes, studies on
belief
system,
Exploring social processes, Exploring group dynamics and leadership pattern in villages.
Leadership styles in village situation, Rural social institutions (Panchayats, Cooperatives). Social
sanctions, values and deviance - cases Assignments and term papers.
Suggested
Readings
1.
Bhatt,
Anil (1989). Development and Social
Justice
- Micro - action by weaker section. Sage
Publication, New Delhi.
2.
Bottomore,
T.B. (1994). Sociology - a guide to problem and literature. Blackie & Sons India Ltd.
3. David, B.
Grusky
(1994). Social Stratification class. Rural & Gender,
Westirew
Press Inc. Oxford.
4. Dubey, S.C. (1994). Tradition and Development.
Vikas

Publishing Home Pvt. Ltd. Jangpura, New
Delhi.
5. Gupta,
Dipankar,
(1994).
Social Stratification. Oxford University Press, Delhi.
6.
Ursula,
King
(1995).
Religion and Gender. Black Well, Oxford.
7. Singh,
Yogendra
(1988). Modernisation of Indian Tradition. Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
3. Psychology of Human Behaviour (2+0)
Psychology: meaning, scope and importance in extension education; Psychology of human
behaviour; Perception: nature, laws and selectivity in perception, sensory factors in perception,
importance of perception in extension work; Attitude: meaning and characteristics, formation of
stereotypes and prejudices, factors in attitude change; Motivation: nature, characteristics, theories
and types of motives, techniques of motivating farm people; Emotion: nature, types of emotional
response, theories and role of emotion in regulating human behaviour; Learning: definition, principles,
indicators, theories of learning and experiential learning; Defence mechanisms: types and importance;
Personality and individual differences, Personality as a set of traits and personality as the self,
Roger's self theory, Maslow's self actualization theory.
Suggested Readings
1.
Atwater,
E (1995). Psychology for living:
Adjustmennt,
Growth and Behaviour Today. Prentice

Hall of India, New Delhi
2. Back, C. Robert (1986). Psychological factors at work: Recognition and control.
ILO,
Geneva.
Occupational Safety and Health Series No. 56.
Tel
3.
Back
C. Robert (1986). Applying Psychology: Understanding People. Prentice Hall, Englewoods
Cliffs, New Jersey.
4. Baron, R.A.
(1995).
Psychology. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
5.
Chakraborty,
Ajitha (1990). Social Stress Mental Health: A Social - Psychiatric field study of
Calcutta. Sage Publication, New Delhi.
6.
Chattopadhyaya,
Aparna
(2001). What's your emotional
IQ.
Pustak Mahal, New Delhi
7. Davar, Bhargavir and
Parmeshvar
Bhatt
(1994).
Psycho analysis as a Human Science beyond
Fundamentalism. Sage Publications, New Delhi.
9. Morgan, C.T. King; R.A. and Robinson, N.M. (1979). Introduction to Psychology. Tata

Me.
Graw Hill Publishing Co. New Delhi
4. Methods of Social Research (2+1)
Science and scientific approach: characteristics and purpose of social research,
Problems
of
objectivity: theory and facts; Elements of scientific method; Selection and identification of
researchable problems, Designs of Social research: meaning, types, purpose and principles, faulty
designs and criteria of research design,
MAX-MIN-CON;
Types of Research: historical, descriptive
and experimental, laboratory experiment, field experiment and field studies - survey research, action
research,
Agro-eco-system
research, participatory research, case study, experimental and ex-post
facto approaches, simple randomized design; Hypothesis: meaning, utility,
sources,
types and
qualities of workable hypothesis, development of hypothesis and its testing; Construct and variables:
nature and type of variables -
independent,
dependent and intervening variables; Methods of
observation and data collection: sample, population, instrument; Interview and interview schedule,
construction of schedule and questionnaire: Observation; Projective technique; Content analysis;
Sociometry,
the
semantic differentials, use of documents and records; Advances in collection of
data - RRA and PRA; Analysis of data, tabulation, coding, use of statistical tools, use of computers
in social science research - SPSS; Research Report: Interpretation of data, use of style manual,
formats of research report, the thesis or dissertation; Recent advances in social research.

Practical
Formulation of research proposal, research design - formulation of research problem and conduct
of research including data collection, analysis, interpretation and report writing. Developing cases
based on field studies. Suitable assignment and term paper.
Suggested Readings
1. Best,
J.W.
and
Kahn,J.V.
(1986). Research in Education. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
New
Delhi.
2.
Creswell
John W. (1994). Research Design - Qualitative and Quantitative approaches, University
of Nebraska, Lincoln.
3. Goode and Hart (1952) Methods in Social Research. McGraw Hill
Publishing
Co. Ltd. New
Delhi.
4. Kerlinger, F. (1994). Foundations of Behavioral Researches. New York, Holt,
Rinehart
and
Winstons.
5. Miller Delbert C. (1991). Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement. Indiana
University, Sage Publication.
6. Paul D. Leedy (1989). Practical research-planning and Design. New York, Mcmillan Publishing
Co.
7. Young, Pauline V. (1984). Scientific Social Surveys and Research. Prentice Hall of India Private
Ltd., New Delhi

5. Process and Methods of Communication
(1+1)
Basics of communication: meaning, nature, processes, purpose and levels of communication;
Language in communication: meaning of meaning; non-verbal communication; Role of communicator
in Extension Education; Communicator's behaviour; Communication skills; Fidelity of communication:
Communication competence and empathy, communication effectiveness and credibility; Improving
oral and written communication; Message design: dimensions of a message, characteristics of a
good message, message treatment and effectiveness, distortion of message; Channels of commu-
nication: meaning, dimensions, classification, selection, efficiency, credibility and use; Audience
analysis: feedback, communication behaviour; Social Net work -
homophily,
heterophily; Traditional
and mass media of communication; Theories and models of communication: interpersonal,
intrapersonal and mass media; Barriers in communication; Communication and social change;
Development communication: need, concept and scope in India and third world countries;
Communication technology and its implications; Methodological issues in communication research.
Practical
Exercises on presentation skills, listening skills, writing skills; exercises on distortion of
communication message; scientific study of communication network in villages through appropriate
tools, Exercises on development of appropriate communication plan for extension projects.
Suggested Readings
1.
Berlo,
D.K. (1960). The Process of Communication: An Introduction to theory and Practice. Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, Inc., New York, USA.
2.
Mathur,
K.B. (1994). Communication for Development and social change. Allied Publishers Ltd.,
New Delhi.
3. Ray, G.L.

(1991).
Extension, Communication and Management. Naya
Prakash,
206,
Bidhan
Sarani,
Calcutta - 6.
4. Roloft, Michael F. (1981). Interpersonal Communication. Sage Publication.
5.
Samanta,
R.K.(1990).
Development Communication for Agriculture. B. R. Publishing Corporation,
Delhi-7.
6.
Sandhu,
A.S.
(1993).
Text Book on Agricultural Communication Process and Methods. Oxford
and
IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
A. 2. Optional Courses
1. Program Planning in
Extension
,
(1+1)
Importance, principles, steps and process in developing sound extension programmes; Process of
developmental planning and national planning system;
Organizational
structure for planning at

various levels; Formulation of
five
year plans in India; Participatory planning process:
PRA,
RRA
and PLA techniques; Changing role of
panchayats
in programme
implemetation;
Execution of various
programmes; Project formulation and project appraisal in terms of social benefit analysis; Project
management Techniques - PERT and CPM; Critical analysis of the various agricultural and rural
development programmes including NGOs and Self Help Groups.
Practical
Preparation of plans and projects/programme proposals. Exercises on participatory methods - RRA,
PRA, PLA etc., Evaluation of plans, Exercises on PERT, Visits to development organizations and
NGOs, Assignments and term papers.
Suggested Readings
1.
Dantwala,
M.L. and
Barmeda,
J.N. (1990). Rural Development Approaches and Issues in Indian
Agricultural Development since Independence. Oxford and
IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
2.
Fenders,
J.M.A. (1958). Methods and programme Planning in Rural Extension.

Veenman
&
Zonen,
Wageningen,
Netherlands.
3. Singh,
Katar
(1999). Rural Development - Principles, Policies and Management. Sage Publications,
New Delhi.
4. Swanson B.E. (Ed.) (1997). Agricultural Extension - A Reference Manual.
FAO,
Rome.
5.
Thyagrajan
M.
(1982).
Project Management through Network Techniques (PERT CPM). Indian
Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi.
6.
VandenBan
A.
W. And Hawkins
U.S.
(1988). Agricultural Extension. Longman House, U.K.
7. Velayudham
(1994).
Challenges facing agriculture and rural development. Oxford and IBH
Publishing, New Delhi.
2. Management in Extension (1+1)
Nature and scope of management with special reference to extension organizations; Qualities of a

good manager; Principles and theories of management; Functions of
management
in extension
organizations; Planning: fundamentals of planning, planning at different levels, types of plans,
systems approach to planning process;
Decision
making: steps, tools and limitation; Organizing:
organizational structure, authority and power, span of management, principles of organization;
departmentation
- factors to be
considere*,'
in grouping activities; Staffing: concept and method;
Leading and influencing: basic considerations in motivation, approaches to motivation; leadership