CCNA Exploration Semester 1-Chapter 6 pptx

Addressing the
network IPv4
CCNA Exploration Semester 1
1
23-Jul-12
CCNA Exploration Semester 1
Chapter 6
IP addressing – works at
 OSI model layer 3
 TCP/IP model Internet layer
Application
HTTP, FTP,
223-Jul-12
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
Application
Transport
Internet
Network Access
TCP, UDP
IP
Ethernet,
WAN
technologies
HTTP, FTP,
TFTP, SMTP

etc
Segment
Packet
Frame
Bits
Data
stream
Addressing topics
 Binary and decimal
 Types of IP addresses
 Assigning addresses
323-Jul-12
 Network part and subnet masks
 Calculating addresses
 Ping and Traceroute Utilities
Binary and decimal
 Convert to 8-bit binary
 248
 187
423-Jul-12
 89
 Convert to decimal
 00110100
 01010101
 11001111
248 to binary
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
523-Jul-12
248

-128
120
24
-16
8
56
-32
24
120
-64
56
187 to binary
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
623-Jul-12
187
-128
59
27
-16
11
11
-8
3
59
-32
27
3
-2
1

89 to binary
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
723-Jul-12
89
-64
25
25
-16
9
9
-8
1
00110100 to decimal
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
32
16
4
823-Jul-12
32
16
4
32
+16
+ 4
52
52
01010101 to decimal
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
64
16
4
1
923-Jul-12
64
16
4
1
64
+16
+ 4
+ 1
85
85
11001111 to decimal
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
128
64
8
4
2
1
1023-Jul-12
128
64
8
4

2
1
128
+ 64
+ 8
+ 4
+ 2
+ 1
207
207
Binary and decimal
 Convert to 8-bit binary
 248 11111000
 187 10111011
1123-Jul-12
 89 01011001
 Convert to decimal
 00110100 52
 01010101 85
 11001111 207
IPv4 address
192. 168. 21. 17
11000000 10101000 00010101 00010001
octet
octet
octet
octet
1223-Jul-12
octet
octet

octet
octet
network part host part
255. 255. 255. 0
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Prefix /24 Subnet mask:
Find the network address
192. 168. 21. 17
11000000 10101000 00010101 00010001
In a network address, all the host bits are 0.
1323-Jul-12
In a network address, all the host bits are 0.
192. 168. 21. 0
11000000 10101000 00010101 00000000
The router needs to do this for every packet.
Logical AND
192. 168. 21. 17
11000000 10101000 00010101 00010001
255.
255.
255.
0
1423-Jul-12
255.
255.
255.
0
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Do a logical AND at each position
192. 168. 21. 0

11000000 10101000 00010101 00000000
Find the broadcast address
192. 168. 21. 17
11000000 10101000 00010101 00010001
In a broadcast address, all the host bits are 1.
1523-Jul-12
In a broadcast address, all the host bits are 1.
192. 168. 21. 255
11000000 10101000 00010101 11111111
The broadcast is the last address in the network.
3 types of address
 Every network has:
 Network address – the first one
 Broadcast address – the last one
1623-Jul-12
 Host addresses – everything in between
Classful addressing
10. 17. 53. 60
network part host part
A
172.
16.
38.
201
B
1723-Jul-12
172.
16.
38.
201

network part host part
B
192. 168. 21. 17
network part host part
C
Classful addressing
 Easy to work out but very wasteful.
 Routers and hosts still assume class subnet
masks by default
Class A
/8
255.0.0.0
1823-Jul-12

Class A
/8
255.0.0.0
 Class B /16 255.255.0.0
 Class C /24 255.255.255.0
Classless addressing
 Any suitable prefix can be used
 We (and devices) need to know what the
prefix is.
More flexible, less wasteful.
1923-Jul-12

More flexible, less wasteful.
Classless addressing /16
 172.16.0.0/16 mask 255.255.0.0
 Broadcast address 172.16.255.255

172.
16.
0.
0
2023-Jul-12
 Hosts 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.255.254
 65534 host addresses
172.
16.
0.
0
10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000
Classless addressing /24
 172.16.0.0/24 mask 255.255.255.0
 Broadcast address 172.16.0.255
172.
16.
0.
0
2123-Jul-12
 Hosts 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.0.254
 254 host addresses
172.
16.
0.
0
10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000
Classless addressing /22
 172.16.0.0/22 mask 255.255.252.0
 Broadcast address 172.16.3.255

172.
16.
0.
0
2223-Jul-12
 Hosts 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.3.254
 1022 host addresses
172.
16.
0.
0
10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000
Classless addressing /26
 172.16.0.0/22 mask 255.255.255.192
 Broadcast address 172.16.0.63
172. 16. 0. 0
2323-Jul-12
 Hosts 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.0.62
 62 host addresses
10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000
Classless addressing /28
 172.16.0.0/28 mask 255.255.255.240
 Broadcast address 172.16.0.15
172. 16. 0. 0
2423-Jul-12
 Hosts 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.0.14
 14 host addresses
10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000
Calculating addresses
 A host has IP address 192.168.1.70/24

 What is the subnet mask?
 What is the network address?
2523-Jul-12
 What is the broadcast address?
 What is the range of host addresses in the
network?