Một số biện pháp dạy học nói và nghe văn nghị luận xã hội cho học sinh lớp 10

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ISSN: 2354-0753

Tap chi Gido duc (20221,22(23),14

Mer s0 BrtN pHApDAyHQC NotvAncnr vANNGHI LUAN xA HQI
CHO HOC SINH LOP IO
TrAn Th! Dung

Tnrcmg Dqi hac Gi6o duc - Dai hqc Qutt gia Ha NQi
+ftic gid An h€ o Email:

Article history

ABSTRACT

LE Phuong Thtiy..

Received

27

/912022

Accepted: 20/ 1012022
Published: 0511212022

Kepvords
Teaching, speaking and
listening skills, social
argumentative, I Oth graden,
education curriculum

The General Education Cuniculum in for Literature issued by Vietnam
Ministry of Education and Training in 20 I 8 pays special attention to training
communication skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) for studens.
In fact, there have been many research worts on effective methods to ieach
reading and writing, despite a limited amount of research on teaching
speaking and listening. Therefore, the article proposes some measures to
promote the effectiveness of teaching Vietnamese speaking and listening
shlls within the subject ofliterature. Specifically, the study suggesls the use

of

debate activities and infornration technolory

in

teaching social

argumentative spea.king and listening skills for l0rh graden to prcmote
leamen' linguistic and communicative competencies for students. Besides,
developing spea.king and listening skills also means enhancing their

proactivercss, initiative and oeativity in leaming.
1.

MOdAu

Chuong trinh gi6o duc ph6 th6ng mdn Ng[ vdn do B0 GDDT ban hdnh nim 20 I 8 du . c xdy d\mg dra fi€n quan
qua tlo giup HS ptuit tridn roan di€n ci,c nnng lp chung vi. nnng l1rc chuyen biQt cua m6n hqc. Theo tl6, HS khdng
ctri Ui& Ooc hi6u'van ban. vi6t (tao lap van bdn) mn phni bi6t n6i vi nghe hiQu qui.
Thqc nt cho th6y, nang hrc giao ti6p cua HS THPT cdn nhiau han chii, d?c biQt h ki nnng n6i ve nghe. HS cdn
ngai ngung khi giao ti6p, chua d.im manh dan thii hiQn quan di6m cr)a minh hay hic bo quan tli6m cua nguoi kh6c.
a,5i *oi ph,-ng phnp dgy hac d6 kich thich su hung thir cua HS, girip HS cdi rhiQn mQt s5
fr uav]
"g.
"inli.n
ki n6ng giao tiiip. M4t kh6c, van nghi lu{n n6i chturg vi vdn nghi luin xi hQi n6i ri6ng li ki6u vin hin chi€m vi tri

ci

Ngt vnn d tnrong ph6 th6ng. Tuy nhi€n, viQc day hoc vln bin nghi lu^i-n xa hOi tu truoc tl6n
vio day hoc dqc hiiau vd day viiit, viQc day n6i vi nghe chua tlugc quan tim tlung mtrc. \4 viy,
trong ph4m vi bii hio niy, chirng t6i dd xu'it mQt s6 biQn ph6p day hqc n6i vd nghe vin ngh! luin xe hQi cho HS lop

quan trqng trong mdn
nay

cht

y6u t{p trung

l0 nham nAng cao hiQu qu.i d4y hgc van nghl lu{n x6 hQi n6i ri6ng vd d4y hqc Ngt vdn n6i chung.
2. K6t qui nghi6n ctu
2, I . Ki ndng ru6i vd nghe
N6i vi nghe li 2 trong 4 kj ning giao tiilp cin ren luypn cno HS. Cic nha nghidn ctu trong vd ngoii nuoc tl6u
khine dinh dm quan upr,g cua m nang nghe - noi. H9 cho ring: Nh0ng dua tre co th6 dian glai suy nghi vir f ki6n

hor trong hgc tip (WilsoU 1997). Ngoai ra, mot s6 t6c gi6 nuoc ngoai
cfing kning dinh: Nghe kh6ng chi tlii hi6u mi cdn tli3 hqc ng6n ngf (tuchard, 2008). su p]r.it tri6n cua ng6n ngt noi
cua minh

bing loi n6i

se c6 th6 thanh c6ng

trong nhtrng thanh qua t.u nhi6n vd dn tuqng nhit cua m5i Oua tre lcrmgeon et al., 2014; Wallace et al., 2004).
Theo voi nghe vd hoat cric vin dd t,in tai cac quan di6m tnii ngugc nhau; c6 th.ii tlQ ciu th va van h6a tmnh lu4n phit hqp; c6 klr^i neng.nghe
thuy6t trinh vi rtrinh grd tlugc n$i,dung va hinh thrrc bidu d4t cta bii thuyiir trinh: c6 hung thri th€ hign chu ki6n. cri
tinh rrong rranh tuan: trlntr Uay vin Ae khoa hgc mot c6ch tU tin, thuyil phuc. N6i vi nghe linh hoat; n'im bit duos
phuong phrip, quy trinh ti6n hanh mQt cu6c tranh lu4n (B0 GDDT, 20 I 8).
tA mdJ

Ngoai ra vifo day n6i - nghe kh6ng chi huong toi muc ti6u rcn luyen ki n5ng n6i va nghe mi con h co hQi d6 rcn gita
ctr{ tflii oq, tinh can; l6i siing co viln hoa cho HS. Nhu vAy, n6i - nghe h nhtng K nang r.at quan tpng tong giao
ti6p hang ngay. grup ich cho eic HS rong que trinh hinh thnffi cic rnii quan hC vA khing ilinh hin than uong xn hoi.

ptrim

I

VJE

Tap chi

Gi.o duc (2022),22123),14

ISSN: 2354-0753

22. Vdn nghi fuAn xA hQi v,i dW hAc ruii vd nghc ynn nghi h|n xA hQi tong rtd nmng trung hgc plai th6ng
V.T.Mr.rg! luin lA loqi ven bin nliirn e.t',ir
nr nrong. tinh grn ttuii dQ. quan tfi6m cua nguoi viilt lnguoi
..
9i6u
noi) dd thuy€t phuc nguoi dqc (nguoi nghe) v6 mQt vdn d6 ndo d6 (D6 Ngac Th6ng vd c6ng su, 2007). DIc diim co
bdn cua vin nghi lqin li bao g6m lqen tl€. lu.in di€rn luiin cu vir lip luan. Lurin de ki vin d6 t6ng qudr. bao trirm cin
rlu.gc ldm sing to, cin dem ra binh lu6n dinh 916. Lqin ttd dugc tr6n khai, ph6n tich thnnh nhiAu luin ili6m. Luin
ld tu nrong, quan di6m, ! kiiin.cua nguoi n6i, nguoi vi€t vd vdn dd naoaO dugc dat ra. Luan cri ld nhtng ti lc,
s6ng t6 cho quan didm. Lnp h.rin ln cdch Sip xilp, r,5 chtrc pn6i hqp cic lu.in cri clii chrimg minh cho
lu,in di€m. Ven nghi lu{n xA hQi trong nha truong hiQn nay thuong chia thinh hai loai ld nghl lqin vi ttr tgcmg, d4o
li vi nghi lu6n vd mdt hien tuong doi s6ng.
chuong trinh gi6o duc ph6 th6ng m6n Ngrl vrn 2018 n6u 16 y€u cau ca, aar aay hq" ho4t tlQng n6i vi nghe vtrn
nghi luan xe hQi o lop l0 nhu sau:
. - N6i: Bi6t thuy6t tinh v6 mQt vin tl6 xi hQi c6 st drmg k6t hgp phuong riQn ng6n ngt voi cric phucmg tiQn giao
ti6p phi ng6n ngt.
- Nghe: Nghe vi riim bit tluqc nQi dung thuyilt trinh, quan diiim cua nguoi n6i, bi6t nhdn xdt vi nQi dung vi hinh
thuc thuyCt Iinh.
- N6i. nghe uong uic: Bi6t thao luan va mSt vin ttd c6 nhtngj ki6n kh,ic nhau: tltra ra duqc nhEng cen cri thuy6t
phuc d6 b6o vQ hay bric bo mQt ! ki6n ndo <16; t6n trgng nguoi tltii thoai @6 GD.DT, 20lS).

23. MQt s6 bQn phdp dgy h?c ,uii vd ,Ahe vdn nghi tuAn xA hQi cho hqc sinh lip 10
2.3.1. Si dung hoat dQng tranh biQn trong dqy hAc n6i vd nghe vdn ngh! lwjn xd hfi cho hoc sinh lop t0
. Tranh biQn li hoat tlQng v4n dung tu duy, quan x6p c6c quan tli6m, 1i ki€rl den chrmg theo mQt hQ th6ng hp lqin nhit rtinh d6 m tlua quan ho4t tlQng tranh.biQn
IolC dg{ lgc n6i ve nghe vnn nghi h4n xa hQi sC ginp HS phrit huy t6i da neng luc ngdn ngt,
ndng lgc giao.ti€p., HS c6 the thC hi9n quan di6m ci nhnn cua minh vi pluim bi6n quan di6m cua nguoi khic khi tluio
lqAn v6 cic vAn tl6 xd h6i c6 f nghia thrc tir5n. Trong day hoc vin nghi lu;in xi hQi cho HS lorp 10, chung t6i ttd xu,ir
c6c hinh thric t6 chtrc hoat tlQng tranh bi6n nhu sau:
- T6 chtk tranh biQn theo dpi, nh6m: GY vin dung ldng ghip phtrong ph6p ho4t tlQng nh6m kiit hqp tranh biQn.
Th6ng thuong, GV sc chia lop thanh 2 nh6m: nh6m ung hQ vd nh6m phdn tltii, HS khi dugc ph,in cdng vio nh6m
di-i5m

din chimg lim

j

kiiin cuanh6m aO. A! gianh chi6n th6ng trong phin tranh biQn, HS phrii tim tdi, nghi{n
cuu td nhtng li lc bno v6 cho quan tli6m cua nh6m minh vd tim niy kich thich tu duy vi su ham hgc hdi, tra chinh phpc cua HS.
neo se tdn trQng va tuiin thu

- Tij chth tranh bi€.n cd nhdn giia HS voi HS: ho4t tl6ng niy c6 th6 td chtc thuong xuyen ffong lop hac, duqc
thgc hi6n khi cric HS nhin x6t, g6p ! ciu mi loi hay bii thuy€t trinh cua uic.ban rong lop.
- T6 chfu tranh bi€n giim HS voi GV: GY tlua ra nh[ng tinh hu5ng ca vin tti, ntrtng nhdn ttinh vd kich thich HS
o:anh bi6n vd nhdn dinh d6 cua minh.
Vi dU: Khi.day '?.id 3. NghQ tktjt tlruydt phqc trong vdn ngh! lua)n, phdn Ndi vd nghe: T'hio luin vi mAt win dA
xd h0i.c6 i ki1n khac nhau" (BQ sitch ket ndi tri thLrc voi cuoc song - Ngt van 10, t6p l), GV c6 thii lya chqn hinh
thric td chric tranh bi€n theo dQi, nh6m nhu sau:
Buoc I - Gioi thiQu chri d€ tranh bi€n: " HS cliO THPT nin md. c.ding ph.uc den tnmng".

Buoc 2 - Tao nh6m. gao nhiQm vtr. HS chuin, bi nghi6n crru vi vin di trantr Uign. CV pnen c6ng cu th6: Nh6m
.
khing tlinh - B6n ttdng f vrli tuy6n b6 tlugc tl6 xuit; Nh6m phn dlnh - Ben khdng ddng ! voi tuy6n b6 ttuoc dd xu,it.
pV gqr f HS hinh thanh kiiin dwld dang cau hdi: Loi ich cua vifo mnc tldng phpc? Vifo mic it6ng phuc trong
nhi€u ngay c6 g6y ra b,at fipn cho HS?
Buoc 3 - Ti6n hanh tranh bi€n:
l. Goi cdu tra loi
Thdri gian
\h6m kh,ng ilinh
Nh6m phd .linh
cua mot
nh6m
Luot l. CAc nhom dua ra quan di€m crira nhom minh

i

- D6ng phpc ginp ti6t kifm chi phi mua cdc lo4i quin
rio cho HS.

-

Mac ddng phuc gioi han kha nang rh€ hiei\ phong

- Tninh dugc sg ph6n bier gidu nghdo giira cdc d6i

ctrch, cd tinh crla HS.
- Chi phi may tt6ng phBc

tuqng HS.

li9u nhd may iltra ra"

2

diq HS c6 ft,i khong rmg ctdt

5

phft


ISSN:2354-0753

Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022),22(23), 1'4

Girip mA inguoi nhrin ra minh Id HS cta mrqng ndo
The hien tinh than 4p rha, doan kait.
- tltE-u HS tu do

- Mac .l6ng phuc gay nhe,rn ctr,in, gioi h4n sg sing

c[a nhau
bic
2. C6c nh6m
L
mic eaog phpc minh lya chqn sE c6 - tfS mac6ng ptruc gi5ng nhau

nhfng truoq hqp HS m4c u-urg phsc kh6ng pht hqp
voi lua tu6i HS, khi d6 kh6ng gqi lA c, tinh md ld gdy
phan cirn trong mdi truong hqc dudng.

- Viic chi tni tien d6ng phuc mot hn cho mot nam
hoc sE ti€r kiem hon li viqc HS pttiii chi nhiiu tien ad
va HS nhd khdng
ban

tarc

cua HS
sc

t6dtn

uiOc

cv.

HS glp khrf khen khi ghi nh6, Ph6n biQt v€ mQt HS niro

d6.
Co nhnng chit liQr d6ng phuc kh6ng tdt !fiiin HS c,irn
thiy gd bo. khdng rhodi mei klri hac l4p. vdn' dQng.
- HS bit buqc phai tuan tht mtrc ddng phuc den mrqng.
n6u kh6ng m{c se bi Yi pham nQi quy nha tuong, din
-

5

phtt

diln tem li met moi, chiin nan cho HS. HS kh6ng thd
hien duqc hfng tht, ci trntl saSC

@-gglrmD!:-

titn

Budc 4: Gv
'i kiiln cua tlQi nio cnng c6 I i, tl6ng phuc giirp chung ta th6m gin kiit. xo6 nhoir khofutg
cich. Tuy nhi6n, aic truong c6 thC lua chgn cho HS m4c tl6ng phuc trong mdt s6 ngiy nhit dinh, mot sd ngey duqc
nqc t.u do. Dt mac trang phuc nio thi HS cfing ph,ii gif dtutg chuin mgc, phi hqp voi ven hcd, m6i tnrong hac 6p.
qua hoat
Sau khi tranh biQn, GV y6u ciu HS trinh bdy suy nghi vd v6n d6 c6n tiic, thio
tuong
n6i
nghe
duqrc
K
neng
luyen
t4p
tlQng tranh biQn, HS sC hn luqt tlugc d6i vai nguoi n6i nguoi nghe,
k6t lu4n -

luin cing nhu biy t6 ttuqc ! ki6q quan di6m cua minh trong oic thh hu6ng kh.ic nhau
2.3.2. St dtrng m|t s6 phin mim c6ng nghQ trong dqy hac n6i vd ngle vdn nghi l*in xd hdi cho hpc sinh lop l0
- St dung c6ng nghi thing tin h6 tq t'hiet ke hoc lieu
hiCn
Sri dgng c6ng nghQ trong d4y hqc n6i chung vn day hqc Ngu vin n6i ri€ng lh xu huong cfing ld ydu criu d{t ra

gi6o
khoa
bO
rich
theo
nhtng
ri&r
khai
dav
hqc
ctng
nhu
trinh
2018
nay, dlc bifi tsong hti c6nh ttr1rc. hiQn Chuorg

Phuong Thtiy,2019) O6 tlqrc hign ttreo muc ti6u cua Chuong Einh, cu the ool voi vi€c day hoc ld n6ng n6i vi
t6i tl€
nghe. CV c6 the st dqng cdng ngh€ d kh6 nhidu mtrc dQ vi cich thuc, phuong plulp kh.lc nhau. Sau tldy, chung
HS
lop
l0
thric
cua
tl6,
nhdn
pht
hop
voi
trinh

vA
xuat mgt so hucng st d .ung co ban, dA thp hiQn d6i voi GV
GV c6 thti sri dung mQt sai phin m€m c6 tinh nang thi6t kii, tao bdi thuy,lr trinh, thia:t 16 9m6r1 hqc 4p nhu Canva,
PowerPoint, Thinglink.. trong d4y hgc noi vd nghe v6n ngh! lu{n xa hQi cho HS lop I 0 dc thi6t ke m6t sd hac heu
nhu: Phidu tim 1i, Phi6u theo ddi bdi n6i, Phi6u d6nh gi6 bni n6i , Phi6u ki,!m tra vi chinh sua bai n6i, nghe'
yatl ift xd h1i c6 s* duttg kAt
Vi du: Trong "Bzii 9. Hanh trang caoc sing pluin Nd ua nghe: fhq'At finh ve m)t
thd
hqp phntng tiQn ng6n ngii vd phnnng tign phi rgrir ngri" (BQ rich KEt nol tri thr.rc voi cu6c s6ng, 6p 2), GV c6
bii
n6i.
phitiu
bi
cho
tim
chuin
kii
thiiit k6 hopc giao cho HS thiiit
Hodc trory* Bdi 3. Nghe huA thuyit phqc trong vdn nshi lain, phdn N6i vd nghe Thdo tuqn vi flrlt win ib xd
h6i c6 i ki€n kJuic nh.au" (80 sich t& niii tri thrrc voi cuqc s6ng - N gu van t{p I ). GV c6 th6 thiiit k6 phiiiu ttreo doi
bii ttxio luan dC HS c6 the d6 dang nam bit tluoc phdn n6i cua HS. khric vi phen hdi khi can fii iit.
Ngoii ra, diii voi HS lop l0 tl6 c6 ki nAng su dung cong nghe t6L co th€ thdnh th?o n6n GV c6 thd hucmg dan HS
y6u td phi ng6n
su dgng cic phan rnem nay trolg qu.l tri nh chuin bi bii thuv€t trinh v€ vin dd xE hQi c6 st dung cric

moi

(n

i

ngt nhu tranh

riLnh,

video, so d6..-

- S* d4ng c6ng ngh€ thdng tin trong qudn li lop hpc, tdng cudng tuortg td'c
MUc ti6u day hqc n6i vi ngtre van ngtri tqan xa .hqi cho HS lop I 0 la HS tlr.iro lu{n aud nhtue dn ct thuyiit phur dd bdo vQ hay hic bo mQt ! kiiin nno d6; to.n upngnguoi
, kia;-kh;;-;;'.r;
i6i thoai. oo uay, t ong qu6 tdnh day hac n6i vd nghe vin nghi luan xe h6i cho HS lop 10, GV n€n t6 chrrc cho HS
tuons ac. rhao luan rhio criLc hinh th&c kluic nhau d6 ttS phet huy t6i da nang lrrc cta minh. dat dugc mqc ti6u nhu
c6c
ea aicap O men. tiec Gv sri dung c6ng nghQ thdng tin dE tao-n€n cric di6n di,n ttr,io luain sE giLip HS ting cuong
nhu
th6o
luin
cfrng
q
HS
tham
tdl
da
sii
tu.ong
gro
hqc,
hO
t

qil
hoat it6. ng thao lua& tyong Ulc tnroc, iorig vd sau
tnng tlLeri su hung rh'i, he; hrmg cua HS voi nhtng hinh thtc thao tuin tla d4ng, sinh d6ng. GV c6 th€ st 9!nc qt01
ning t4o iuqc hgp hgc tuyiin nhu Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams ho{c cic phin m6m
ct
ilAn
"i
c6 tinh neng thdo luan' te;dian d?m' lm gia' tao l@ hac tr\rc tuyin nhu Google Cl's"roonr' Padlet' Flipcrid "
Khi day hgc van nghi luin xe h6i, GV c6 thd st d*1g c.ic phin n$m trong vigc t6 chtrc cic ho4t tl$ng nhu sau:
+ HS nop san phdm, bdi t<.ip, cdu ffa loi:HS c6 thii tai hinh enh, bai ghi inL video d6 hoan thiQnl€n lop hqc tr.rrc
tuvan, .a. pfii, rn[. tqo video gup cV kh6ng chi thu thip tluqc san ph-im cua HS mi cdn c6 thii tr5 chtc viqc thio

;* *

r"i-.0

*

luin, denh gi6 lin nhau giira clc HS.
3


VJE

Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022),22\23).14

Phreu trm

Y

a\,

t
tlinh

1

.

ISSN: 2354-0753

It

,xrau rxio!u^x:

Drt& 1..

vr,aDIturt

ir'..4, r
trsderM

+

u

PhiAu fim j, chuin bi bai

v.

noi

llinh

2. phi€u theo

*

dii

cuOc thoo

luqn

hanh hoat ttgng nhom, chia si j,kiin: GV c6 th6 su dung cic phin mdm tao cugc ho. p quc tuy6n dti
se, tranh biQn... theo cda hinh rhrh linh ho?t (c6 nhan, gh6p ap, ;6mj.
vi
du: Khi d?y h9c "Bai 9. Hanh trang cu6c siing, ptuin N6i vd nghe thuyit trinh vi mq vd7 di xd'hQi co sri dtlng
.
ket hqp phw g rivi€c cho HS noi vd nghe qrrc ti€p tren kip, GV co th6 grao nhi6m qr cho HS thuy6t trinh vd cht tfti B4o lgc hqc
tluong. n6p san ph.im qua FlipCrrid. t-lng d\mg Flipcrrid li mQt nln tdLng thdo lqin bing video. Didm kh6c bigr so voi
oic cdng cg grao bii 6p hay det cau hoi.th6ng thuorg ld HS co thd Eri loi hay phnn h6i bing cric doan video ngin tu
bi
Voi }rinh thric ptuin h6i brng video nhu vay. HS c6 thd nhanh cn6ng ttr6 NQn f ki6n, tuy nghi bAy
{el
t9
xuc ve yan dC thio lu.in. qua tlo ren luyQn ki ning n6i, ki nang thuy6t trhh. ddng rhoi teng tinh nrong xia grfa
9am
GV voi_HS, HS voi HS- HS c6 th6 quay qtrc tiep video th6ng qua phrin m€m hoac tii video c6 sin u di€n thoai, nliLy

tinh. HSrtreo d6i cdc sdn ptuim cua cric ban trong ldp vd nh{n xet duc6 th6 d6 dring thu thip. theo d6i, tl{nh giri k}ui nnng n6i vd nghe. noi nghe tuong uic cua rit cn HS md k}r6ng mir
nhi6u thoi gian. Hon nta ciic video luu lai tluqc n6n GV vi HS c6 tlr6 theo d6i sil tiiin b6 cua HS tu viaeo tnroc aih
video sau. Nhtng video iluoc luu l{ cing h tu liQu hqc gp quj gie c6 thd lem mau cho cic khoi hgc sau.

+ HS

thrr

t4o oic diEn

din cho HS trao diii, chia

.y q4

3. K6t luan

cung voi doc vd. vi6t, n6i va nghe ld nhtrng ki n6ng giao tiiip quan trang can hinh thanh va ren luyQn cho HS
trong nhd tnicmg pho th6ng, nhnm ph6t tri6n cho HS nhtng n6ng Iw dic tht trong m6n Ngt vdn cing nhu nhtng
ning lvc chung vi pham ch,et can.dat theo y6u cdu cua chuorg fiinh m6n Ngt ven 2018. vi aey, viQc st dung ho?t

d6ng tranh bign va st dung mQt s6 phin mim ung dung c6ng nghf thdng th trong gu.l rinh aay'trqc noi va nghe van
ngh! luin xa h$i cho HS lop l0.vi v{y Ia phtr hgp voi thuc ti6n cnng nhu y€u ciu d6i mriri phuong ph6p d4y hqc hiQn
nay. Nhing tl6 xuit niry c6 nhi6u tru diern trong viec tao ra cac sin phim day hoc hifu qua hdp drer'" rhu hrir HS: hd
trq tich cuc cho sV ttlong tic gita HS vi GV: gop phin ning cao hiQu qr.r.i day hqc H nlirg n6i vd nghe n6i ri€ng vi
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