Tích hợp các nội dung phát triển bền vững trong chương trình đào tạo giáo viên nghiên cứu tại ba cơ sở đào tạo giáo viên của việt nam

E

Tap chi Gido duc (2022),22(21),14

ISSN: 2354-0753

TiCH HOP CAC NQI DUNG PHAT TRIEN BEN vONG
TRoNG cHr/oNG rniNs oAo rao crao lr0N:

NcnrtN ctU rat sa cosooAo rAo clrio vltN cOAvrET NAM
Nguy6n Phuang Thrio

Article history
Received: 0l/82022
Accepted:27 /9D022
Published: 05/l 12022

Ke),words

Truong Dai hgc Su pham Hri NQi
E mo i I : n gtye np hu o n g thao@hrue. e du.v n

ABSTRACT
This surdy analyzes how sustainable development (SD) topics arc integrated

in tlre teacher education curricula of three teacher education institutions
(TEIs) namely: Hanoi National University of Education, University of
Education (Vietnarn National University Hanoi), and School of Education
(Can Tho University). The author employs a mixed approach combining

Education for Sustainable

Development (ESD), teacher
education, integration,
teacher education curriculurq
sustainable development

qualitative and quantitative analysis with the support

of MAXQDA

software to anallze 12142 syllabi of the tkee TEls. The findings reveal that
SD topics were integrated in the curricula io some extentl however, the
integration level was moderare: 28.6% at Hanoi National University of
Education, 29 -7o/o at University of Education ryietnam National Univenity
Hanoi), and 14.5% at School ofEducation (Can Tho University). SD topics

were mostly integrated horizontally. These frndings provide

the

implications for TEls to deploy a holistic strategy in integrating various
dimensions of Education for Sustainable Development @SD) in n'aining
curricula to equip pre-service teachers with a better and systematic
undentanding of ESD as well as the role of education in fulfilling SD
objectives towards the ultimate goals ofa better world.

l. M&itAu
Th6ch thtc l6n nl6t mn qn ftii gi6i dang diii m{t hign nay li li6u nhEng gi chtng ta tlang ldm c6 b6n vtng
khdng vi chring ta c6 th6 thay ddi nhu rh6 nio tl6 dat tluoc mQt cu6c s5ng #n vtug hc,n. D6-tlat 6ugc mpc ti6u
nay ddi hdi m6i.ca nhnn phii co ki6n thrtc, ki n6ng, gi6 tri vd th6i do pht hqp dd d6i mat ,oi
u6n dd li6n quan

ri6n bcn vtng (PTBU vn trd thnnh nhiing tlai st cua thay d6i - nguoi tao ra rhay diii"a"
(UNESCO, 2017).
Trong bdi ciinh niy, vai trd cria gi6o {rc Ii h6t suc quan trgng trong vi6c dat duo. c mqc ti6u PTBV. Gi6o dr,rc (GD)
dd duo. c cdng nh6n vta ld mpc ti6u vta ld phuong ti6n tlii ttat duoc t6t cA cic mgc tieu cua PTBV: "Mgt su thay
d6i co bin vd toan di6n li tli6u cin thitit trong c6ch chung ta nghi vd vai tro cta gi6o duc dfii v6i su pnfi triii,n to;m
cdu, boi vi girlo dpc c6 Llc chring ta. Bdy gid, hon bao gid h6t, gi6o duc c6 ftich nhi6m phdi d6i mat voi nh[ng t]r6ch thr?c vn kh6t vo. ng cta
thii ki xxl, g6p phin thric iliy cric gi6 tri vd ki neng phu hqp sE dan diin teng trudig b€n vtng, toan diQnvi hda
den ph6t

binh".(UNESCO, 2017, tr 7).
K6 tr bin B.lo crio Brundtland (WCED, 1987) ttiin nay, vin dd PTBV tfi thu hrir gioi hqc fiuar mng nhidu [nh nrc.bao gdm GD. Trong nh0ng rgp ki vra qua GD ve ddo t?o girio vien
@TGV) co
vai t6 quan to. ng tsotrg vigc thric dAy md. t liii sing Uen vfng lon nhem dat tlugc cic muc ti6u ciaPTBV (-eal Filho et
al., 2018; ITNESCO, 2014). UNESCO (2014) nhin m4nh DTGV la chia khoa tlii thdng qua vd thuc hiQn chinh slch
GD PTBV. Theo tt6, DTGV co tim quan trgng chitin luoc tlii chuia bi cho nhfng GV uong lai co ilir nnng
bc tuc
hign GD HS tem quan rgng cua PTBV (rerreiravi c6. ng su, 2007). chinh vi viy, ci,c chuong-rinh orcv iii
ftih
phii tich hqp GD PTBV. Tuy nhi€rl hi6n dang t6n rai m6. t thuc tii ld hiu h6t cric CV dAu kh6ng thanh tbao vi am hiilu
v€ PTBV vd h6u h€t oic co so DTGV thdng cung C5p bit ki n6i dturg nio tt6 xiy dmg kien ttruc vd PTBV cbo GV

;i

Menitt et al.. 2019). Di6u nny bir ngutin ret phan ur vigc tri6u chi€n lugc tich hgp cic nguyar rirc, muc ti€u gua GD
PTBV rong chuong xinh DTGV rn0t caah co he diing (Nguyen a al-, 2022). Nhan thrrc duqc ram quan rang cua
DTGV trong vifu thtrc hicn GD PTBV, nghien dm nay sc tip rung ph&r tich, tiimh gi6 hi€n trang chuong rinh ETGV
hiQn nay nr goc tlQ

GD PTBV.


@f

,uo .ni

e,a o dt)c 12022),22(211,1-8

ISSN:2354-0753

qui nghi6n crim
2.1. Vi sie khis ccrt c,na gida dl.c phli, tiin bin vfiilg
GD PTBV tlS.nhin tluqc s1r quan tAm tren pfum vi toin th€ gioi khi UNESCO (T6 chrrc GD, Khoa hqc vi Vdn
h6a Li€n hiQp quiic) ban hanh Thap ki GD vi sq PTBV 2005-2014 (1.INESCO, 2005) vd Khrmg chuong tinh hanh
d6ng cho thfLp ki nay (INESCO,2006). Muc ti6u cua tlfp ki GD-PTBV nhim tich hqp c6c nguydn tdc, gi6 ti vi
rhUc-tiEn cua pteV rao d, .a ot U,iu .ant cua GD vd hqc te. p. N6 lyc GD nay rhic tliy pU tllay ddi hanh vi nhern
t4o ra mQt tgong lai ben ulng hon v€ m4t toi,n vgn mOi tudng, ph6t ri6n kinh tri vi c6ng bing xd hqi cho th€ hE hiqn
t4i va hrong lai (JNESCO, 2005., tr 6).
Sau khi thip ki GD PTBV kilt trtc, Chuong trinh hinh dQng toan ciu (Global Actiol-Pryenmme - GAP) tluqc
ra ttoi nhu n$t su n6i tifo viQc thuc. hiQn GD PTBV trong giai tloqn moi (JNESCO, 201 7). Cu th€, GAP kheng
dith: -m6i co nhan cdn c6 co hqi ili tiip rhu kidn thtk. ki nbng, gid tri vd thoi ito nhdn trang bicho hq ddng gop
vrio P7'BI.'(IJNESCO,2017,
l4). Su h0 uq v', mAt chinh tri cua c.ic t6 chuc quoc G da gop phin lim cho CD
PTBV uo thanh mQt cdng cu quy€n lgc d6 tli ilinh huong n6n GD.
ca cdc.cd nh,in
Cic mqc ti6u cua GD PTBV tluqrc dan deq dinh huong boi UNESCO: "GD PTBY cho phdp
il6ttg g6p vdo ryc tieu cata PTBV th6ng qua viic tang b! cho ho cat kien thtk vg ntlng lry cdn hiAt di gi p ho
fnAii cni niCu arpc PTBY b gi mo cdi rro n1n cam kA nic &iy nh&ng str thov it6i An thiet UNESCO, 2017, tr

8). Vi nhu v!y, GD I,1-BV chu,n bi cho nguoi hqc Eo thanh nhirng c6ng d,in co tnich nhiQm hor kh6ng chi vtid briln
rh6n hq rna con voi cic thii hQ urorg lai (ai ftaan, ZOOO). fteo Ut ISSCO, CO pTBV co c6ch titip c{n toan di6n vn
thric ttiy s1r chuy& d6i, bao gdm ba khia canh: nQi dung hgc tip, rn6i truong hac tAp vd phuong ph6p su pham (SP)'
2. K5t

t

n

tliu

ra hqc

tip vi thay d6i

xe hOi (b.ing I ).
I . Cdc

cua GD PTBY

khia

C6c khia cgnh

MO

cia GD PTBV

khi
c6 tinh thoi su vio chuong tinh, vi dq nhu b

vir sdn xudt ben
thieu rui ro thien tai, tieu
sinh
tich cgc
nguol hec ldm trun g
hoat d0ng day va hQc theo quan
tam. thtc ttdy vlec hqc co tinh khem ph6. tlinh huong hdnh dong va bi6n d6 suy
nghi l4i vri m6i truong hgc Qp, bao gdm ce mdi tudng thuc (c6 tinh Yat 10, mOt
tuong ao va m6i truong hqc t'ip online, nhim khoi gqi cAm hfug hanh d$ng vi
su PTBV cua neuoi hoc.
l6i. vi dq nhu hr duy phen bi€n
c6c ntrng luc
- Thric
hoc t4p vd phdt
- Tich hgp c6c v

N6i dung hqc tap

da

Mdi ruong hqc 6p

vi

phuong phdp SP

Diu

tli

ra hoc titp

triich nh
tec ra
va
(Ngu6n: http // e n. u n e s c o. or gl hemes /educ al ion - s us ta i n ab I e 4 ev e I op me n tiw h a t - b - es d)
V€ muc ti€u hgc trip, UN ESCO khuy6n nghi cric nQi dung hgc tlp cu thii theo i7 muc ti€u cua PTBV (UNESCO,
2017). Mdi muc ti6u hec 6p dugc md ta trong 3 khia canh: nh{n thuc (kirin thric vi ki ning nr duy can tfriiir aii liiiu
c6a muc ti6u PTBV cing nhu nh[ng th6ch t]rtc dd d4r dugc crc muc ti€u d6), cam xric - xi hQi (oic ki ning xi hQi
cho phip nguoi hgc hqp t6a, thoa thuan, fao tl6i nhim thric tl6y cic muc ti6u PTBV vi cic K ndng tu phan fuh, gi6

ui, th,ii tlQ, tlQng cc cho phep nguoi hqc

tU ph6t

tri6n

briur

thin minh), vi hinh vi (dc nang lgc hanh ddng) (UNESCO'

'o'lbn#Iu

*ch ti6p cin toan diQn va bi6n ddi. Do tlo, no khong chi tle c6p toi nQi dung day vir hqc nh[ng cht
"u
di lien qgan toi PTBV. mi con ydu ciu sy bi6n ddi, chuydn minh cua cdc co so GD o dt ce c5c c6p ttO theo cdc
nguyen tic cua PTBV - crich titip can toan diQn. C6ch tifo c4n nny [6n quan toi linh rqc hdnh.tl$ng uu ti6n s6 2 cua
*Chuy€n
tnrcmg trgc tip: tich hqp cac nguy€n tic PTBV vao thiiitlap
Ciuong rinh hanh

dQng toan.

du h

aOi mOi

m6i tnrong GD-D1-'. C6ch ti6p cin toan dien nay bao g6m chuong ninh, khudn vi6n nuong, ven h6a vi cqng tl6ng
trudng hac, nghien chr" lnnh dao va quan li (UNESCO, 2014). Theo tl6, m$t m6i truong hac tAp thfch. hgp, vi du
nhu truong hoc vi khudn vi6n xanh, thin thiEn mdi truong, sE cho phep GV vd HS thgc himh vi g6p ph6n thtic rl.iiy
c6c nguy€n tic cua PTBV trong cuQc s6ng hang ngiy. h6 trq pkit rien nnng lgc vA GD gi6 tri Gieckmann, 2018).
22. Phnrng ptuip nghidn ahu
D! ph6n tich muc tlQ tich hqp vd ndi dung PTBV trong chuong tinh DTGV hiQn nay, uic giri thgc hiQn thu th{p
dt liQu ld cic chucng tinh DTGV nr cic co so DTGV o b& tlai hgc. Tuy nhi€n .hiQn nay tla phin cric rudng vdn
tlang tong quri uinh xiy d\mg vi ph6t fi6n tl€ cuong cua c6c nganh hqc. Tinh il6n $6ng 12021 , chi co 3 tlor vi
ae,o-ta" aa t-o*r tiranl iong ui6 *ay dung chuorg trinh vA dd cuorg hqc pl6n pht hqp cho viec fiu thap dt liQu
2


VJE

Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022),22(21), 1-B

phdnrich Cg th6: Truong D4i hsc
@HGD), Khoa

SP -

Da

rqc

ISSN:2354-0753

S"lF3p

cen Tho

f*SpHN), Truong Dai hoc GD _ Eai hoc euit gia Hd N6i
(Ksp{T)' ryqi
2). cen cu vao atiigu thu tl4p a"oc te. giffin
oeng
'
tie,

hanh phdn tich c6a ydu tti tich hqp vd n6i dung.

Bang 2.

Truang

",i.,,

Aic ngu6n drt l@u phAn fich
cu{mg

Cic nginh hgc phin tich
mon
S

DHSPHN

DHGD
KSP-CT

d uc

tltao, GD
S P Mi thuat,
SP T o an, s P Tri€t hqc, SP et
(KHTN), Khiii kiiln thuc chung
r9p
S P G D Qu6c phdn an
dan,

SP

Am nh4c,

798

H6a hoc, V6t li,
i CD chung, KHTN, Lich st, Ngt vin, Lich s& - Dia li, Sinh hoc,
Ti6u
Toiin
SP Dia l! S P H6a hsc SP L lc h su, SP N gu van S P Sinh hir c s P
T hoc, SP Tin hoc,
S P T o an
SP
KHT}i KHXH, Khdi k e n th uc chun

SP

26t
392

De ddnh gi6 chuong trinh (tlA cucmg m6n hoc), nghi€n ciru ndy st dung c6ch
tiiip c6n h6n hqp dinh tinh vd dinh
lugng V€ phAn tich dinh tinh (Mayring,.20la), nghi6n criu ndy st dung ki thudt phrin
tich quy nap vd di6n dich vo
su h5 hg cta phdn mdm MAXQDA. KOt qud phdn tich dinh tinh sau d6
sE tluoc tlua vdo Excel xfr li th6ng k0 don
gidn. Ddu ti6n, c6c nh6m quy nap sC duoc tao ra dua vdo c6c chri dd
cua pTBV tlu-o. c khuyiln nghi bor nh6m chuy€n
gia UNECE Expert Group (JNECE, 2008, rr 7) vd 17 muc ti6u
PTBV (17 SDC^) d6 tao m danh s6ch cua 3 I nh6m
n6i dung li€n quan toi cAc chrl dC PTBV dua tr€n ba khia canh : kinh tC, xe
hdi, m6i tnrong. Cnn cu vdo danh sich 31
nh6m niy, ulc giri ra soit r6n su6t xuit hi€n cta c6c chri d6 niy tong ndi dmg
c6c mdn hoc (trinh biy trong chi hel mdn hoc). Ngoii vi& tlo tinh tdn s*it xuit hi6n crla c6c chir tl€ PTBV, t6C gii
cdn <16nh gi6 mfc dO tich hqp
c6c chu dd ndy trong chuong trinh. Cu th6, tich hgp theo chidu doc hay chidu ngang (vertical
hay horizontal) (Nguyen
vi c6ng su, 2022). Tich hqp theo chieu doc c6 nghia ld cd mOt kh6a hoc tap trung vio chu tl€ PTBV, y
ha n6i crich
khdc. chu dd PTBV chinh li n6i dung cua kh6a hoc. Tich hqp theo chidu
ngaag h cht de PTBV duo. c da cap ral rac
trong nhi6u kh6a hoc khdc nhau.
2.3. KA qwn phAn thh

dt tilu

rich dn l.ie.u tt Truong Dqi h7c Su pham Ha Noi
.Phdn
Tat ca cdc chu de PTBV ddu dugc tich hqp tong chuong trinh {tdo tao
cua Truong DHspHN. C,ic cht da PTBV
ji,r,,o?"oii"
tTlronss6 7e8 hac pha,.,_
tilr,
r,*
ra
9ys"g:hlp
???.
(50.270). Ticp tl6 ld nh6m khfa c4nh m6i truong voi 75 mn (32.8%i.
Khia canh kinh t6lt duo. c trtr, rrqp ,lrit ,"ila hrr.
Hiu h6r cdc chu di duo. c tich hgprheo chi6u ngang thinh l). Ctu 20 chri de/ho. pna,
ttreo ctu6u
dqc - nrc ld. toan bo n6i dung hgc phin qp mmg virtcht di
BV. cu rhe: Bien ddi r.r.,i r,e, io,., ro.'aarre .oi
.pr,
truong { Sin}r hoc. Hoa hoc. vri GD nr"im non). Cdng n8hi€p. d6i moi va co so ha ring
t q"l.'Birh
2.3.1

.

ra,[ a,

J;.i,:

.

"#i1O'iJjii, ,"

it.Zr"i,Lii-

#nGi

fHOu

:ll:1il3i!,.q:l

p}rdng an ninhr.

Suc khoe rsinh hqc). D",
9u5c
HoD rac ph4r rren (Dia1t11{dO,!9D
rf). Dao dLic (GD chinh tri. cD mdm non. cong ngh6 thong
GD chinh tri).

tCO

da,s,e";;;iip rieie a"i,l.
trr. prav

(Dia ri. H6;. sinh,

nganh tlao tao. mQt s6 nganh tich hq'p nhiau chf dd prBV bao gdm GD c6ng
dan, H6a hoc, Eia ti, sinh
,hqc.Theo

GD m.im non. GD dac biel. Nrys:.lli, mQt
pfei

s6 ngrinh rich hgp rdt ititrt ae
nhu A- rf,r., Var. cong
tin (xem hinh 2). c6 2 ngirnh khong tich hqp bat ki chn da prBV nao td rorin, Nfi thuit.
2.3.2. Phin tich drt li|u ti Trudng Dai hoc Gido duc - Dai hqc
euiic gia Hd NQi
nghQ th6ng

*

h::q.dy?..lcfr

rong$loung.toong;rinh duo eo cua DHGD. DHeGHN bao g6m:
y9]
|!.q€ |TBY
lVn
^...
quyen
con nguor. phOc loi xi hdi. bar binh tling xe h6i, binh deng gioi, tranh ph6 va
c6ng tt6ne bcn vtne. kjnh €"5id,1
x6ad:.,ti:u dung xanh. gzirn nghdo. kinh 6 nxen hoan -no* .*h.'cio
f"i ?rr. ri"f, tqp
fn,rv_TC.
Eo l:in.trong sd 261_hoc pttin. Trpng uim tich hqp li c.ia cht dd
"ht mrong lin
drugc khia canh mdi
lsiozo). Ti(i do Ie
khij .a,T

hQi voi^22 ldn (2750'o) Khia cqnh kinh G it duot tich hgp nh6t vot s mnl
Hiu #i crlc .t,i ai o"q.
ia
.fu}
,,canq (hinh 4). Chi 8 cht d6-ihoc phran ( l0olo) tich hgp theo chi6u doc - tuc ld toan
bo n6i dung h'c
.ht de PTBV.cu th€: prBV n6i chung (Lich su - Dia ri). Dao dtc (Kh6i GD chungl. i\aor tr"-g
(KH l N ),Tng.".o nhlem moi ruong (Hoa hqc, KHn9, NEng lu.ong (KIIIN), Bi6n d6i khi lfu (KHT|0. --

a5ff!V*"
+

y:T
::!-nf T*

lTig

3


ISSN: 2354-0753

T?p chi Gieo duc (2022),22(21\,14

VJE

sran d6i

ala

tL i! .wra.

rh,hfu

::_::-_i::-:---

thLn dran

rltl.hlgt!

onhil n|tnt r
Ph,,t
rlran

lllt
ok

s
d

a-,'-_:l

.adr

6t nol rr,Ula
'l
rhhr,dh h.L :-.1':.-.--.=-::-1
clL 4l*o ti- : I :t-.i-::l

fl! dnla tth ::._::i-i-,:1

n.!.l&nh :_--:_--::-:_:_::::--l
c6.ri.lr{rd* tulva@dhaoia .::-::i-:.1'..:-::-ii]x6.dar
(ll'h ta bl&

ft.Ih

pn6va

c*t lsq

Endh!
ban

voq

Gr&d/.danta

shnd.rda

..-.--i:-'']

-..-

-

.---: -..
r-:r

--

--f

lilt btn[ dL d tal
ct'ft

rrorC&

d{c

Hd.!i'tvaEl|i,+r

,itcld anoi
S'rt

rfia.

lsptac --- -- - -

En \h@rh&driaudE arid,hcD!t(.iraurtrt

Ifinh

1. Cac cht)

di PTBV do. c tich hW tong chuong trinh DHSPHN

II
f,
I'
a-e

Es
-5

I'
Eo
I'
-5
II6

--,

kcvnrrhu|l -6

-.

Hinh 2. fich hqp nAi dung PTBY phhr theo ngMt ilao tqo
4


Tap chi Gido duc (2022]|,22i\21), 1"8

,nh no(

Do dang

tii

nSuyen

--------:----------:---l=---:-------:

Eu

u6o d& rlll
Igo tbo

ISSN:2354-0753

tnlan nhlan

--@
tvr4 ---.--:-------]
sr mac h6a --------l--l

Nery
O

d*tm lrdftut'|g

rhr&t3i

ll

v.w

C& ch) i,. d$i trrtrE
san

C&!

d{b,

d&

ll*ivi

co

nftt.nt

di. *{
d

GdodrEdln

Chl r,vrE 960 dlx
[0. lht'/C nlnlno.
str th&
HqPlic

o.4ntran n6.
rrad nhtand

tlo
pIBv ndi

h6i

iik

dur8

-.W

0

Ofthhopth€odE

6

8

10

dgc tTI6 hqp thao (niaungang

Ifinh 3. Aic ch tft PTBV dw,c tich hqp tong chuoY trinh DHGD
ZOI d6 cuong chi tiilt hgc phin, ngoai ru nganh Ngu van va forin, cric nganh con lai d6u tich hqp n6i
_
dung PTBV (hinh 4). Trong tl6, nginh KHTN tich hqp nhiau nh6r (28 t6n).

fryng

S5

Ttdu hqc

Ero

stnh hac

Udt s&-

Ol.ll

q$sn I1
(HII{
xhdl6Ddtu'lt

vit rt
H6. hac

-10

fr
-u
0

2.3.3. Phdn rbh

dt lieu tt

1l

-7
5

1o

l5

20

25

30

L{inh 4. Tich hgp n6i dung PTBV phin theo nganh clao tqo
Khoa Sr pham, Tnrong Dai h7c Cdn Tho

Phrin tich dir ligu cho thdy:c6 18 cht da P-IBV duo. c tich hgp tong chuong trinh dao tao cua Tnicmg DHSpHN.
Ctic cht d€ nriy duoc tich hqp 57 Lin trong s6 392 hoc phin. Tro. ng tAm tich hqp ld c6c chri dA thuoc khia canh moi
ruonq,v{3 lan (54%). Ticp d6 li nh6m khia canh xi h6i voi I 7 lih (30%). Khia canh kinh td it ttuoc tich hqp nh,it
]
voi 4 l6n. Ti€p d6. co l3 cht d€ PTBV khdng dugc tich hqp trong chuong trinh cta KSp - DHCT, bao g6m:

^.

euyen

con ngum. da dqng v6n hoa. hgp tdc, sric khoe, phfc lqi xa hQi. b6t binh tldng xa hoi. thanh ph6 va cqng a6ng Lcn
*Tg'
te biEn ben vang. xoa d6i. cong nghifp. d6i mm vd co so ha tang.$riLrn ngheo. kinl G tuin ioin. nuot
sqch. Hiu h€t oic chn d€ duoc ticb hqp theo chi€u ngang (hinh 5). Chi 6 chu di/hoc ptrin
1tO.S%l tictr lqp theo chiCu
dqc - trrc ld toan bd nQi dung hqc phin tip trung vio chu dd rrev, cq fic Lir cht di mdi mrong rong c6c chuy€n
nganh Vrit li. Hoa hqc. Sinh hqc. GD Tidu hqc. C;c nganh/kh5i kiiin tiuc kh6ng rich herp bir kichu tlt pTBV nio
bao g6m Tin hqc, Toin, KID(H, KHTN. Hai nginh co ti:r su6t tich hqp chu di prBv nhidu nh6t h sinh hoc vd vir
li (hinh 6).

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ISSN:2354-0753

T?p chi Gi6o duc (2022],,22(21),14

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ph,in tich de chi ra ring crlc liu tri cua GD PTBV tl6 tlugc tich hqp theo alc cAahth6c nhau rong.chuong tr\h
ilio tao cua 3 tuong, tron; d6, phin lon c6c hgc phan tich hgp theo chidu ngang. Chi mot ti lC dt nhd s6 hqc ph6n
tich hqp c6c cht da"iTBf theo chiCu dqc. DHSiHN ve DHGD c6 ti lQ tich hgp chri d6 PTBV trong .ctrugng tinl.r
cao hcm so voi KSP - DHCT oan lu$ h 28.6%,29.7%,14.5%). Tuy nhi6n. olc con sd ney [i chua tlt d€ k€t lufn v6
hyc rii tich trqp sic nguyen t,ic cua GD PTBV Song chuong trinh cua. cac truong. Viec c.ia cht dC PTBV-da duqc
tich han rons n6i duns hoc 6p cta cdc co so DTGV co thE le mot nen Eng tot d€ gitp nguoi hqc co nh&ng ki€n

rieng ki6n thuc lichuatlt diirhuc tliy sg thay d6ihinh vicua nguoihgc (Brownlee
vi cong sU, 2013; Dijksfa & Goedhart, 2012). Do tl6, chuong trinh DTGV cin cnn nhic tich hqp olc khia canh khic
cta GD PTBV nhu tlinh huong cht tti PTBV trong c.lc hOc phin cta 3 truong, tAng iAm h c6c khia canh xi hOi vi mdi tnrong.
tmng s5
giai
thich boi d& ttrtr crlc nganh hgc li€n quan tci khoa hgc tg nhi€n vi khoa hqc x6 hQi nhan ven

OGu nay cO ft6
(noi cadh ktuic. kh6ng li€n quan ho& ii lienluan tlin linh lqc kinh Gy. Tuy nhi€n. nhi6u nQi dung PTBV duqc di
cap Eong c6c hqc phln khang hi auqc ar*r vi uong U,ii sann PTBV. K6t qu.i nay uongddng vgi n'liCn ctru 1t11
n et a1.,r022). Do tl6, r6t co thii se xAy ra tinh upg nguoi hOc m thd bi6t v6 ndi dung. chtl tl6
ni,Om rai gia
16,i"

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Tap chi Girio duc

(2022\,ne1), 14

ISSN:

2354{753

minh hoc nhrmg kh6ng hd c6 f tlnic tt6 h c6c cht dA PTBV. Di0u niy cing c6 th6 aAn roi nfrtng sai lim vA nh4n
thtic cua GV khi thuc hi6n GD PTBV. Vi du, tong cric nghi€n ctru cua tric gii Nguyen (20 I ?, 20 I 9) vi Nguyen vi
c6ng su (2021 ) tl6 chtmg minh CV cho ring cric bii hgc tich hoo chtdi m6i ttong li cda bai hoc c6 th6 thric tliy
PTBV. Diriu nay cho tniiy r,ir can mi6t 6ei co caah dep can he h6ng dd rich hqp GD PTBV nhem dd,rn b6oGV ho{c

sinh vi6n SP co kiiin rhuc tliy tlt v,! Co el-Bv ve P],-BV, d6 hidu rluqc i.ing ktoa hqc xe h6i hoEc kinh tr5 clng c6
mot vai fd cuc ki quan tong trong vi* thuc hiQn GD PTBV 6 truong ph6 thdng.
Ding luu f li trong tit cri cic dA cuong mdn hqc cua 3 truong, tting cQng li I .,142 ttA cuong, kh6ng m dd cuong
m6n hgc ctng nhu ngdnh hqc nio c6 hAc phAn GD PTBV trong chuong trinh. Di6u niy nrong ttdng voi kit qua cua
nh6m uic grd Nguyen va cQng sU (2022) Eong vi6c phnn dch 429 dd cuorg mdn hgc cua mdt s6 nginh hoc cua
ruorrg DHSPHN. mng thoi, c[ng x6c nhdn v6n dd cin t]riiir nen co hqc phin vd CO PIBV fiong chuong rinh dao
tao tl6 qirip GV hrong lai c6 ;i thtrc rliy dt va toan dign hon vri GD PTBV, c.lc khia c4nh cua GD pTBV vd mqt ngi
dung ddu ra hgc t{p vi cich ti€p cin SP.
X6t 0 goc d0 nganh hoc, sau khi ph,in.tich chuong tinh DTGV cua 3 truong. c6 th6 nhin rhiy mQt tli6m chung
li mQt si5 nganh co xu huong tich hqp nhirlu nQi dung PTBV bao gdm: Dia li, Sinh hpc, GD c6ng d,in, H6a hpc, GD
mffm non, GD dnc.biet, Vat li, KHTN. DiCu ndy co ft6 li gidi boi tinh dic tnmg vi nQi dung cua m6n hgc m sy pht
hqp voi cric chri dl} PTBV. Ngdnh To6n vd VIn co xu hurirng hAu nhu kh6ng hogc iit it tiih hqp ndi iung PTBV.
Tuy nhi6n, hai mdn hoc niy hoan toan c6 khA nnng tich hgp ngi dung PTBV theo khuyiin nghi cua ViQn GD vi Hda
binh va PTBV Mahatma Gandhi cua UNESCO (I-JNESCO MGIEP,2017).
gioi hqn tong vifo phan tich nQi dung chuong rinh cua 3 co sd DTGV
crru
. 9i" ,T
lehrln
1iV _moilhi
vi ili6u ndy chua tlt tinh tlai diQn cho rit ca c.lc co so DTGV d Viet Nam. Do tl6, cin phni m mQt phin tich t6ng
hqp horl voi dt liQu oan difn hor cua cric co so DTGV Fong cn nuoc ttii c6 crli nhin rr5ng quan ve tinh hinh tich hqp
nQi dung PTBV rong chuong tinh DTGV. B€n canh tl6. nghi€n crru nay hiQn moi chi di $eu ph6n tich mQt trong ba
khia canh cta GD PTBV li nQi dung hqc tap. C6c khia canh diu ra hoc tip vi ciich ti6p cin SP chua tluoc phin tich
do sy thiiu dting bo ui dt li6u. Do d6. se cin phdi c6 th6m nghi6n cuu thio tludi cric huorg niy trong nrong lai.
Qua phan tich ndy, t6c gia khuyiin nghi vi6c tich hgp cic ndi dung PTBV trong chuong trinh DTGV nen dugc
thuc hi6n mQt cdch co h€ thiing hon va luu y toi cAch thric tich hqpichiiu dqc vi chiiu ne-gt. K],i so s6nh voi
c6c trudng dai hoc d chdu Au, c6 th6 d6 dang nhin ra cdc cht d€ PTBV ilang dugc tich hqp trong chuong trinh
cua 3 huong: DHSPHN, DHGD, KSP - DHCT vdd mor ti IC htit sric han chti. Vi 4r, Trudng Dqi hgc L€edslAnh)
c6 ti IC tfch hqp le 60% (Lozano & Young 2013), Dai hAc KU Leuven - Khoa Kinh 16 vd Kinh doanh (Bi) c6 ti l0
tich hqp Li 95% (Stough et al., 2018), cric tl4i hoc d bang Brandenburg (Dric) co ti le tich hqp trung binh ld 30%

(Krah et al., 2021).

i.&t,

3.

x5t uqn

Nhin chung, cric nQi dung/chi da PTBV tti rlugc tich hgp trong chuong ninh tlAo iao cua 3 truong: DHSPHN,
DHGD, KSP - DHCT. Dey h mQt n&r tang ttit dii sinh vi6n SP c6 crlc kiiin thric vE PTBV. Tuy nhi6n, cric ki6n thrrc
niy n€n tlugc tllnh vi mot cAch 16 ndt trong U'; c n PTAV d6 sinh vi6n SP c6 nhdn thric mdt crich c6 h6 rh6ng hon
ye caa nQldune cua PTBV. Bdn c4nh tl6, cric co so DTGV cfrng n6n c6 mQt.chi6n luoc toan dien hm trong vi€c tfch
hqp cic khfa canh, nguydn tiic cua GD PTBV trong chuong trinh ilno tao it6 ginp GV tuong lai c6 f ttlic iliy ilti vi
toan difn hon vd GD PTBV cingrhu tnich nhi6m cua GD trong viQc ttruc hien cAa muc ti6u PTBV nhu mQt cdng
cu thay ddi th6 groi thm huong l6t dgptor. Di6u ndy trudc ti6n ndn duoc cu th6 hoa trong chiiin luor xdy dmg
chuong trinh cing nhu cric nry6n b6 v€ tAm nhin, sri mQnh cria nhi wong.

l-ill t m: Nghiin aia nq tu?c rdi W
ib tat tnn s6: 503.01-2020.302.
Tli

liQu thgm

bi

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