Phát âm chữ hán

HANYu
PINYIN
)11t41f-i
PENG
'S
CHINESE
TREASURY
concept a
nd
cartoons
by
Tan Huay Peng
Times Books International
S;II!1Qport
_ /Ii"./"
lItmp~r
(1
1984
TImes Editions Pte Lid
Published
by
Times
Books
International
an imprint
01
Times Ed
Jlio
ns Pte Ltd
Times Centre, 1 New Industrial Road
Singapore 1953

2nd Floor, Wlsma Hong Leong Yamaha
50 Jalan Penchala
46050 P
etaNng
Jaya
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia
First published June 1984
Reprinted 1986, 1988, 1990
All rights reserved. No
pan
of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or
transmitted,
in any form
Of
by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photo-copying, rec
or
ding
or
otherwise, without the prior
permission of the copyright owner.
P
ri
nted by Mentor Printers Private Limited
IS
BN
981 2

04
141 9
Hanyu Pinyin
6
Th
e
Fo
ur
Tones 8
Simple Vowels
13
Compound
.vowe
ls 24
Consonants
41
The
Neutral
Tone
67
Tone Sandhi
71
Tone
Marks
72
The
Umlaut
Mark
74
Two-syllable

Words
76
Vocabulary 82
6
HAN
YU PINYIN
Hanyu Pinyin. the Romanized Chinese phonetic
Sy
stem. is considered the most effective aid to
learning Mandarin today. It is precise and accurate
and compared
to
ot
her Romanization
s,
such
as
.
Wade-Giles and
Yale
. it
is
less complicated and
thus
mo
re easily learnt.
The s
ys
tem reads and writ
es

easily. using fewer
letters
per
sound than any other system. As an
additional guide to proper pronunciation. simple
tone marks are placed ov
er
the vowel
s.
Pin
yi
n Made S
imple
This
book
demonstrates the simplest way
to
master Pinyin. It anal
yzes
the system. breaki
ng
down the sounds
into
simple vowels. compound
vowels, and consonants.
First things first. The 4 ton
es
are introduced. after
which comes the pronunciation
of

each vowel and
consonant component
of
on
e-s
yllable word
s.
Basic
Word
s and
Ch
aracte
rs
Approximately 500. basic words. with their Chinese
characters in the modern
simplified form. are
progressively introduced in groups according to
sound.
As
far
as
possible. the examples given for
each vowel
or
consonant group
ca
n
be
identified
from the cartoon.

100
Pin
yin words with
tw
o
sy
llables are also listed
and
explained.
Cartoon
s
L
ea
rning
Pin
yin
is
really
no
drudgery. and cartoons
ha
ve
been
used throughout for the dual function:
to amuse and to teach.
Almost effortlesslY,
it
is
possible to learn the Pinyin spelling. pronunciation
and pitch

of
each word. as
we
ll
as
its meaning and
Chinese character -
at
the same time.
So
flip these pages.
be
inspired, learn and have
fun!
7
8
THE
FOUR TONES
Chinese is a tonal language. Every Chinese
character is a
sy
ll
able with a fixed tone. If the tone
is wrong, the meaning
is
changed right away. and
in
so
me
cases

co
rr
esponds
wit
h no existing
Chinese character!
Mandarin. the
official Chinese language.
ha
s four
basic tones: each one is indicated by a tone
ma
rk.
The tone marks are
placed over the vowels. If the
letter
'"j"
h
as
a tone mark over it. the d
ot
is
omitted.
-
Th
e first
to
ne
is
a high continuous tone.

like the r
eci
ting of " A
BCD.
etc."
The second
to
ne
is
a rising questioning
to
ne, like a s
urpr
ised " Huh?"
Th
e third tone is a drawling tone. first
V
fa
lling then
riSing
. like
an
indeci
si
ve
" Well

"
The f
ourt

h tone is a
sha
rp
falling to
ne
.
like a purposeful "
Yes!
"
Exa
mples:
a A A A
~ ~ ~ ~
060
0 Q u u u
T 1
1st tone
;;;
2nd
tone
3rd
tone
"'

4th
ton
e
9
10
VOWELS

In
Mandarin there are 6 simple vowels and 15
com
po
und vowels. The compound vowels are
combinations
of
2 or J vowels.
CONSONANTS
II
There are also
24
consonants. divided into
7
groups according
to
the way they are articulated.
II
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
SIMPLE VOWELS
VOWELS
VOWELS
""'"
~
a
a;
ao
e
e;

~
;a
;e
;u
l
ao
,
0
ou
u
ua
u;
un
uo
ua
i
U
ua
ue
CONSONANTS
b p
m
f
d
n
g
k
ng
h
q .

,
,
zh
ch
sh
,
z
c
s
y
w
Lefs
begin
with the s
im
ple vowels:
a e 0 u U
12
13
a
as
in
mama. papa
as
in cash.
rash
when placed between 1 and n
a
p~
Ii,

fear
y'
jf
tooth
tiNn
7i:
sky
qi3n
T-
1
000
m.
~1
mother
~a
.
:it
hair
jian
JlI.
see
xi!n
$I';
first
n
A.
it
ca
rry
w.

~
frog
dian
r.s
sh
op
piAn
!lQ
cheat
.
yii
III
duck
ba
i§
father
dian
,~.
spot
qian
fl
money
h.
Pft
ha
!
da
IT
beat
ji

att
~
reduce
miiin
ilii
noodles
15
I'
e
as
in
~a
rn
,
learn
~
M\
Swan
de
m
he
i
UJ
river
ge
1-
ge
~
song
re

!!.\
ke
il:
lesson
s
he
~
he
"'-
jOin
he
n!O
c
[6
e
obtain
ye
individual
ji
~
h
o[
jie
tongue
bi~
drink
die
as
in
get, w£t

when preceded by I or u
lexcept for the letter yl
1I
night
xi~
ill
elder sister lie
I~
receive
que
~lJ
don't
ye
I'Ji
fall
yue
*4
slanting
~
c
ra
ck
Ml
r
ea
lly
Pt
leaf
11
moon

17
•
I
as
in s
ir.
wit
•
is pronounced like a vocalized r
I
if
preceded by zh. eh, sh or r
\
1/
~
zhi
I1l
point
.:'0:-
, -
chi
0<;
eat
, '
I"
chi II!; spoon
chi
i8
late
s

hi
•
matter
8
day
•
is
pronounced
lik
e a buuing z
I
if
preceded by z, c or s
zl
i\
purple
cr
III
bestow
z;
q:
word
d;
!f
:i
yo
unger
ti
brother
H;

body
c j
i
ii1
phrase
I
i.
f:/.
gr
ai
n
q;
-l::
seven
b,
;g
pe
n
ji
ic
remember
sl
Ii
s
ilk
1m
fo
ur
.,
~

ch
ic
ke
n
y'
1>.
) .
garme
nt
ml
!It
rice
xl
i1!i
west
18
19
o
as
in
drop. prop
wfi
!1!
n
es
t
pO
fIJi
m
i>

~
silent
wi>
J1il
b6
la
un
cle
b6
itt.
pO
i$
o
ld
lady
m
fi
IJi
b6
lIJi
limp
pO
1£
20
o
slope
dong
grasp
hOng
wav

es
noog
touch
zhong
splas
h
yo
ng
as
in
sow.
grow
if
fo
ll
owed by ng
:!F-
east
t6ng
j[
rainbow
dong
'IF
mak
e
don
g
~I'
plant
tong

III
u
se
chong
[li] together
iJJ
move
ti
u
nd
er
sta
nd
iili
go through
!I\
wo
rm
21
u
li
ke t
he
"00"
in
l
ook
. book
gu
i!i

ancient
to
f£
lu
ijI;
record
hU
I!€
lu
n
sh
ow
shu
[t{
du
*
read
to
§t
s
hu
4>
book
wu
( ,
-,
22
••
u
picture

yu
tiger
yu
mouse
ju
rabbit
qu
crow
qO
lik
e
th
e French u
in
f
ur
hi
appears
as
u
if
preceded
by
I. q. " or
yl
It!
fi
sh
yu
jjj

"
""
J1!l
meet nu
'a)
se
nt
en
ce
yu
Ji
qu
=
JlJJ
tune
.,.
IR
district In
t~
rain
gi
rl
jade
ma
rr
y
green
23
•
al

sounds like the "ie·· in lie
COMPOUND VOWELS
"",
,1
mai
'!k
buy
g
ai
m
cover
mai
>Ji
se
ll
hil
i !.
child
@;0::
@""
~
li
i
,jl
love
nai
lJl
milk
~
\::P' bai

8
'00
Ai
~
s
hort
Let's now tackle the 15 compound vowels -
fi
rst
(>A
i
AA!
sign plate
da
i
>:>
ba
g
the
He
tt
er vowel
s.
then the H euer vowels
25
24
•
a 0
sou
nd

s like the "ow" in how
el
sou
nds
like the "ay"
in
gay
bao
tfj
be
full
yao
P)(
bite
m
~i
;r,
beauti
fu
l
fei
He
fat
cao
1~
g
ra
ss
tao
iii

fl
ee
pei
~
5
ac
company
wei
~J
stomach
mao
i'i!
cap nao
[Jjj
noi
sy
mei
1:1<
yo
un
ger
siste
r
mei
~
plum
m
.o
1;\\
cat

pao
W!!
wn
wei
~
tail
Ire;
f~
cup
k
ao
~
tean
on
P
'o
l!!
throw
rei
11k
ba,k
gei
,0
,0
gi
ve
26
27
•
la

is
a combination
of
"
'j"
and "a"
is a combination
of
''j''
and "e"
•
Ie
j
iii
'
;l[
family
jil
!If
press
t ie
I'!<
iron
xie
!it
crab
xi!
l'
below
jia

III
false
jie
fif
borrow
die
It
dish
j
iii
l\l
marry
j
ia:
hU
add
xi€!
11
shoes
jie
fi
separate
jia
!\l!
she
lf
j iii
fit
price
tie

I/;
paste
xie
iii
thank
xia
:!i
s
ummer
xia:
!f
prawn
qie
tn
slice
pie
ll'l
fling
28
29
•
IU
is a combination
of
" j" and
··
u"
OU
so
unds like

th
e "
ow
'·
in
low
xin
1*
,
es
t
xiii
1IIi
sl
eeve
gou
ill
drain
hOu
Fa
be
hind
j iii
illi
w
in
e
qiO
~)(
aut

umn
chou
$I,
sme
ll
y tou
III
s
teal
lie.
,,,
'E
remain
liii
i
1ri
now
dou
Jl.
beans
shO
u
~
hand
niii
-'f
c
ow
j iii
fL

nine
gou
!5
enough
k
/i
u
p
mouth
diO
"
throw
I i
ii
~
six
hou
lI>
monkey tou
!k
head
"
30
31
u a
is
a combination
of
" u" and
"a"

so
unds like "
way
"
•
UI
hua
n!lJ
paint
hu
a
iii
word
chuT
1IX
bl
ow
sui
'9
age
shull
"~
brush hua
ill
smoo
th
z
ui
.",.
mouth

z
huT
ill
chase
guo
n
hang zhua
11K
sc
rat
ch
guT
ftl
turtle
tui
"'
retreat
hu
.
~J
paddle
hu
a
if.
flower
dui
~t
correct
sui
FJ1i

follow
ku.
~
boast
guO
m
melon
lui
*
push
shui
it
who?
J2
33
un
is
a combination
of
" u" and " n"
uo
is
a combination
of
" u" and
"0"
Ciin
H
village
gun

if{
trundle
duo
U
hide
lu
6
9
net
hun
If;
di
uy
dun
~
pause
tuo
IliI.
come off
hU
G
ffi
live
sUn
M-
grandson
kan
lE
tired
z

uo
1>.
sit
l
uo
iii
drop
run
~~
lubri
cate
eMn
1'1
lips
suo
flI
lock
duo
$
many
liin
~
wheel
tun
W
swallow
zuo
flli.
make
guo

;:t
pa
ss
34
3S
••
ua
is a
combination
of
" u"
and
"a"
but
the 2 dots are absent from the u"
juan
m
co
ntribute
juan
II!
weary
yuan
I1Q
garden
quan
1m
circle
xu
an

ill; choose
juan
i\'l<
roll
up
quan
!it
spring
yuan
Z
fa,
quan
:i: complete
yuan
ill<
source
36
••
ue
hie
til
nile
IE
xue
1fD.
jue
'!Ii
xue
1'f
is a

combination
of
"'ii" and "e"
although the 2 dots over the " u" only
appear
after
the
l
etter
s I
and
n
brush past
yu.
!~
arrange
malaria
yue
1*
leap
blood
que
Bil!
lack
feel
xue
=
Of-
learn
snow

que
iI<
sparrow
37
•
lao
soun
ds like the "
eow
"
in
meow
•
u a I is a (ombinalion
of
" u "
an
d " a "
and
'T
o
fISHING
)jao
«
expect
jiao
fl4
sh
out
hu

ai
fl'
bosom
gulfi
JIll
sla
p
qi
ao
t'j
co
in
cidental
miaa
1&
wonderful
guAi
lIE
well-behaved
ku<ii
til
chopsti
cks
diaa
f',
fi
sh
qiao
Ill!!
l

oo
k
hu
ai
l1-
naug
ht
y
kuai
1*
fa
st
tiao
lit
se
l
ec
t
piela
1.11
drift
sh
u
ai
1$
fall
kuai
!II
piece
xi

ao
;::
laugh
niao
.Il,
bird
z
hucl.i
J;.
dra
g
guai
If
stran
ge
38
39
40
VOWELS
So
far
we've dealt
with
all
the simple
and
compound
vowels,
Simple Vowels
a e

0
u U
Compound Vowels
a;
ao
e;
;a
;e
;u
iao
ou
ua
u;
un uo
uai
ua
lie
CONSONANTS
We now proceed
with
the
final
~roup
- the
consonants
-
arran~ed
in
7
~roups

,
accordin~
to
the
way
they are articulated,
41
b
like
" p"
,voicelessl
in
help
P. strongly aspirated
as
in
pineapple
bling
til
help
bu
:ffi
doth
ping
'l'
level
pai
ff~
arrange
bing

,~
sick
~i
lit
blanket
~
bump
pin
"
goods
pimg
00
bl

nose
biAD

flat
~n
u:
basin
pl
JJi:
skin
bu
ff
mend
bing
iii
biscuit

pO
~
broken
pian
11
sl
ice
blii
tl!
place
bing
OJ;
i
ce
pO
if
fall forward
pang
!'I'-
fat
42
43
m
as
in
more
f
as
in
food

rnu
*
wood
mei
III
eyebrow
f
~
i
"""t
ny
fan
t!i
ri
ce
rning
~
life
meng
~
dream
f<n
>t
divide
.,
fen
f
ll
portion
men

1<1
bored
man
f!!
sl
ow
{eng
U
bee f.
:It
di
stribute
mAi
l.!lI
bury
rna
J;O
hor
se
fA
"
ng
m
mom
fu
lli\
good fortune
rna
tli
wipe

rn.
l'g
scol
d
fang
15
square
fan
Ii!l
overturn
44
4S
d
like " t " Ivoi
ce
les
s) in
nitw
it
t strongly aspirated
as
in talk
da
*
big
diao
Iil
hang
tian
m

field
tu
±
soil
dai
'*
dumbstruck
ding
'"
nail
ting
Il'
stop
tong
!i!
child
dan
Jli
single
dong
ifiil
hole
tOn
~{
chat
tong
jl1i
bucket
dian
'I!

electricity
dUi
iI£
pile
tlng
'Ii
hear
tou
~
penetrate
deng
IT
lamp
duan
Iii short
tu
o
ltJj
drag
tiao
It
leap
46
47
n
as
in
nimble
as
in

loud
I
n6ng
15<
farming
n'n
JII
difficult
l
ao
t';
old Ian
iII
basket
nj
iIE
mud
neng
fit
able
l
ong
Sf
deaf
li
ang
lJj(
cool
ni
An

if-
year
n'n
Wi
south
Ii
jJ
strength
I
~ n
g
~
cold
nii
it
lasting
nOn
IiIl
tender
lei
om-
thu
nd
er
ling
!il
alert
nan
!Il
male

nuan
Si'
warm
li
an
!&
face
I
ii
iii
mad
48
49