Nghiên cứu ứng dụng công nghệ tiên tiến vào sản xuất gia công sản phẩm nông dược dạng hạt phân tán trong nước (WDG) phục vụ nông nghiệp

^
TAP DOAN HOA CHAT VIET NAM
CONG TY CO PHAN
THUOC
SAT
TRUNG
VIET NAM
BAO CAO TONG KET
De
tai:
NGHIEN
ClTU iTNG
DUNG CONG
NGHE TIEN TIEN VAO
SAN
XUAT
GIA
CONG SAN PHAM NONG
DtTOC
DANG
HAT PHAN
TAN
TRONG
NITOC
(WDG)
PHUC VU NONG NGHIEP
Chii
nhiem de tai :
Ngo
Van

Dat
P.T6NG
GIAM
e6c
Tp.
Ho ChiMinh , Thang
03
nam 2010
3o/6
f
ioi<i
AP
DOAN HOA CHAT
VIET
NAM
PHAN
THUOC
SAT TRUNG VIET NAM
/j/jBAO
CAO TONG KET
De
tai:
NGHIEN
CUU
UNG DUNG CONG NGHE TIEN TIEN VAO
SAN
XUAT
GIA CONG SAN
PHAM
NONG

DU^OC
D^NG
HAT PHAN TAN TRONG NUOC (WDG) PHUC
VV
NONG
NGHIEP
Thuc
hien theo hop
ddng s6
017
.09.RD.BS/HD-KHCN
ngay 20
thang
03
nam 2009 giiia Bo Cong
Thuong
va Cong Ty Co Phan
Thuoc Sat Trung Viet Nam
Chu nhiem de tai :
KS.
Ngo Van Dat
Cac thanh vien tham gia :
KS.
Tran
Thj
Mpng Thu
KS.
Tran Phu Quoc
KS.
Vu

Thanh Tinh
KS.
Trk
Thj Anh Thu
KTV. Hoang Vu
Tp.Hd
Chi
Minh ,lhang
03
nam
2010
MUC
LUC
MOOAU
KY HIEU VA
CAC
CHC
VIET TAT
TOM TAT
KET QUA DE
TAI
Chirffng
1: TONG QUAN
I.
Gio'i thieu
chung
ve
cac dang gia cong thuoc bao
ve
thu'c vat

r.
1.
Vai
tro
va y
nghia ciia
gia cong thuoc BVTV
1.2.
Cac dang gia cong chinh.
1.2.1.
Dang long
1.2.2.
Dang
rjn
1.3.
Cac xu
huang
gia cong hien nay
II.
Dang hat phan tan trong
nu-ffc
(WDG)
II.
1.
Gioi
thieu chung
II.2.
Cong
nghS
gia cong dang WDG

II.2.1.
Thanh phan hon hop:
11.2.2.
Cong nghe san xuat
II.2.2.1.
Cac
phirong
phap san xuat WDG
11."'.2.''.
Nhtrng
yeu to lien quan den cong nghe
11.2.2.3.
Lira
chon phirong phap tao hat WDG cho de tai
III.
Tinh hinh nghien
cihi
va san
xuSt
trong
nu-6'e
III.
1.
Nhu
cSu sii
dung thuoc BVTV
a
Viet Nam
II1.2.
Tinh hinh nghien

ciju
va san xuat dang WDG tai Viet Nam
Chu'ongll THirC
NGHIEM
I.
Phu-otig
phap tien hanh nghien
cihi
1.1.
Lira chpn
cong nghe cho de tai
1.2.
Cac
yku t6
anh
hirong
den cong nghe gia cong va chat
luong
san
pham
Trang
6
6
8
10
10
10
10
11
11

12
12
12
13
13
13
13
15
16
17
17
18
19
19
19
20
II.
Thiet
bi,
nguyen
vat
lieu.
U.I.
Thiltbi
II.2.
Dungcu
II.3.
Hoachit
III.
Phirong phap phan tich chat

lirong
san
pham
III.l.
Tieu chuan
san
pham
III.2.
Xac
dinh ham luong hoat chat
III.3.
Cac
phuong
phap xac dinh tieu chuan san pham
IV. Khao nghiem sinh
hoc
ciia
san
pham
Chn-o-ng
3:
KET
QUA
VA
THAO LUAN
I. Khao
sat cac yen to anh
hu'o'ng
toi
cong nghe

va
chat
lu'gng
san pham
/./.
Phirffngphap ep ditn
1.1.1.
Khao
sat anh
huong
cua chat hoat dong be
mat
(HDBM)
1.1.1.1.
Lua chon chat
HDBM
cho
gia
cong mot so
san pham
1.1.1.2.
Ket qua
lua
chon chat
HDBM
cho gia cong cac san
pham
1.1.2.
Anh huong
cua

chat
ket
dinh trong
gia
cong dangWDG
1.1.3.
Ket
luan
ve
khao
sat
cac
yeu to
anh huong toi phuong phap
ep
dim
1.2.
Phircmgphap
say tang soi
1.2.1.
Khao
sat anh
huong
ciia luu
luong phun chat ket dinh
1.2.2.
Khao
sat anh
huong cua nhiet
do say

1.2.3.
Khao
sat anh
huong cua thai gian
say
II.
Phan tich danh
gia san
pham
III.
Ket qua
thir hieu
lire
sinh
hoc
ciia
san
pham
III.
1.
Doi
tugng
khao nghiem
1II.2.
Noi
dung
va
qui
mo va
phuong phap khao nghiem

III.3.
Ket qua
khao nghiem
IV.
De
xuat
qui
trinh cong nghe
san
xuat
san
pham dangWDG
24
24
24
25
28
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
33
34
36
38
38
40

41
42
43
44
44
44
46
IV.
1.
Cong
thiic
gia cong va dinh
mirc
nguyen lieu
IV. De xuat qui trinh cong nghe, thiet bi
IV.
1.
Mo
td
qui
trinh cong nghe
48
IV.
2.
Lua
chon
thiet bi
SO
52
54

V: Ket luan va kien nghi
Tai
lieu
tham khao
Phu
luc
i
Phu
luc:
Trang
' Phu luc
1
: Hinh anh va thiet bi san xuat WDG
56
~5r
Phu luc 2 : Phieu ket qua thu nghiem
Phu luc
3:
Xac dinh ham luong Fipronil
59
63
~65~
~67~
70
73
76
Phu luc 4 : Xac dinh ham luong Emamectin Benzoate
Phu luc 5: Xac dinh ham luong Fosetyl Aluminium
Phu luc 6 : Xac dinh ham luong Gibberellic Acid
Phu luc 7 : Khao sat hieu luc Virigent 800WDG

Phu luc 8 : So
s4nh
hieu luc
ciia
cac mau Vimatox
Phu luc 9
:
Bao cao ket qua thir nghiem anh huong
ciia
Vimogreen tren cay lua
Phu luc
10
: Bao cao ket qua khao nghiem hieu luc phong
trii
benh moc
suong hai dua
leo
cua thuoc Vialphos 800 WDG
MCKDAU
Trong san xuat nong nghiep, viec
sii
dung cac che pham nong
duoc
de
phong trir sau benh, c6 dai, kich thich,dieu hoa sinh
truong
nham tang nang
suat cay trong la can thiet.Tuy nhien, sir dung nhieu hoa chat nong
dugc
trong

canh tac nong nghiep ciing gay hau qua xau doi vai con
nguod
va moi truong .
De giam thieu tac dong xau
ciia
cac hoa chat nong duac, dac biet la hoa
chat BVTV, xu huong sir dung cac
loai
thuoc mai, c6 nguon goc sinh hoc,
it gay 6 nhiem da phat trien trong thai gian gan day. Trong gia cong san
pham, viec sir dung cac chat phu gia moi, de kiem, it doc, c6 nguon goc tu
nhien cung dang
dugc
khuyen khich. Cac dang gia cong thuoc cung thay
doi theo huong han che anh huong toi moi truong. Neu nhu truac chu \eu
diing
mot so dang san pham truyen thong nhu nhu dau (EC), bot tham
nuoc
(WP),
bot (D) thi ngay nay da c6 nhieu dang gia cong tien tien, than thien
voi moi truong nhu huyen
phii
dam dac (SC), nhu dau trong nuac (EW), \'i
nhu
tuong
(ME) trong
do, dang hat phan tan trong
nude
(WDG) ngay
cang dugc lua chon va phat trien.

Cf
Viet Nam hien nay, cac san pham thuoc BVTV dang WDG da tra
nen pho bien. Chung bao gom cac loai thuoc Tru sau, Trir benh, Trir c6, Kich
thich, dieu tiet sinh truong thuc vat Trong Bang danh muc thuoc BVTV
dugc phep sir dung tai Viet Nam do
Bp
Nong Nghiep & Phat Trien Nong
Thon (NN&PTNT) ban hanh nam 2009 c6 hon 256 ten thuong pham dang
WDG,chigm
ty
le
10%
Tuy nhien da so cac san pham dang WDG dang luu hanh
o
Viet Nam deu do
cac cong ty nuoc ngoai dang ky va
true
tiep cung ling hoac cac cong ty trong
nuoc nhap ban thanh pham
ciia
nuoc ngoai ve dong goi, tieu thu tai Viet Nam.
Cho den nay, chua c6 don vi trong nuoc nao san xuat thuoc BVTV dang
WDG.
Tir nhu
cSu
phat trien va tinh thuc te hien nay, viec nghien
ciiu
va trien khai
san xuat cac san pham thuoc BVTV dang WDG tai Viet Nam la can thiet,
mang

lai
y
nghia
kinh te - xa hoi
Ion.
Vi
v|iy,
chung toi de xuat de tai "Nghien
ciru
ling dung cong nghe tien tien
vac san xuat gia cong san pham nong
daac
dang hat phan tan trong
nirdc
(WDG) phuc vu nong nghiep"
%oi
muc tieu la tao ra cong nghe san xuat mot
s6
thuoc BVTV dang WDG, c6 the img dung vao san xuat ngay tai Cong ty
CP Thuoc sat
triing
Viet Nam.
Npi
dung ciia de tai: Nghien
ciiu
xay dung cong thirc va qui trinh cong nghe,
thiSt
bj gia cong mot so thuoc BVTV dang WDG, ap dung san xuat thir tai
Viet Nam nham dan dan thay the cac san pham nhap nggai, tao
Igi

the canh
tranh \
a
chii
dong trong san xuat.
KY HIEU VA CAC
CHC
VIET TAT
ai
BVTV
CIPAC
D
EC
EO
EW
EPA
FAO
G
GCPF
HDBM
HL
HPLC
ME
NN&PTNT
PEG
PVA
S
SP
SG
SC

SC
SGT
TGT
TB
WP
WDG
Hoat chat (Active ingredient)
Bao ve thuc vat (Crop Protection)
Hoi dong hop tac phan tich thuoc trir dich hai quoc te
Collaborative international analytical council)
Bot (Dust)
NhQ
dau
(Emulsifiable
concentrate)
Nuoc trong dau (Emulsion water in oil)
Nhu tuong trong nuoc (Emulsion in water)
Co quan bao ve moi truong (Environment Protective
Assocition)
To
chiic
nong luong the
gioi
(Food and Agriculture Organization)
Hat (Granule)
Hiep hoi bao ve
miia
mang loan cau (The Global Crop Protection
Federation)
Chat hoat dong be mat

Ham luong
Sac ky long cao ap
Vi nhu tuong (Micro Emulsion)
Bg Nong Nghiep
&
Phat Trien Nong Thon
Polyetylene glycol
Polivinyl alcohol
Dung djch (solution)
Bot tan trong nuac, bot hoa nuoc (Soluble powder)
Hat tan trong nuac (Water soluble granule)
Dang huyen
phii
dam dac (Suspension concentrate)
Dang huyen
phii
dam dac (Suspension concentrate)
Sau
gia
toe
Truoc gia
toe
Tablets
Dang hot tham nuoc (wettable powder)
Hat phan tan trong nuac (water dispersible granules)
TOM TAT DE TAI
1/
Nghien
cu:u
cong thirc san xuat cac san pham dang WDG, tap trung vao 4

san pham dai dien:
VIRIGENT 800 WDG (
Thu6c
trir sau )
VIMATOX 50 WDG ( Thu6c trir sau )
VIALPHOS 800 WDG ( Thu6c trir
benh)
VIMOGREEN
10
WDG (Kich thich
t6,
digu
hoa sinh truong cay
tr6ng)
2/
Nghien
cira
cong nghe va thiet bi san xuat san pham WDG bang hai phuong
phap : Ep dim va Say ting soi tao hat
3/
Xay dung phuong phap phan tich bang sac ky 4 san pham tren
4/
San xuat mau moi loai 10 kg san pham
5/
Thir hieu luc sinh hoc doi chung
Bang torn tat cac ket qua dat
dirpc
ciia de tai
TT
1

2
Cac
ket qua
can dat
Nghien
ciiu
cong thirc gia
cong mot so
san pham dang
WDG
Nghien
ciiu
cong nghe gia
cong dang
WDG theo hai
phuong phap
-
Ep dim
- Say tang soi
Cac ket qua da thirc hien
Da nghien ciru cong thirc 4 san pham
-Virigent 800 WDG
-Vimatox 50 WDG
-Vialphos 800 WDG
-Vimogreen 10 WDG
Tat ca 4 cong thirc dua ra deu dat cac chi tieu de ra, cac
mau san xuat
thii:
Hoat chat on dinh
- Do la

limg
dat
Tien hanh chay gia
toe
va
thii
hieu luc sinh hgc deu c6 ket
qua
tot.
Da nghien cim xong cong nghe san xuat va de xuat thiet bi
de Cong Ty dau tu va dua vao san xuat cap Pilot gom
- May nghien khi dong
- May trgn nhao
- May
ep dim
-
May
xat hat
- May sat tang soi tao hat
- May sang rung
Qua thir nghiem cho thay chon cong nghe ep dim la
chinh,
sir dung thiet bi say tang soi de say san pham.
3
4
5
Nghien
ciiu
phuong phap
phan tich san

pham
San xuat thir
Thir hieu luc
sinh hgc
Da xay dung 4 phuong phap phan tich xac dinh ham
lugng
hgat chat trong nguyen lieu va san
pham,
ap dung kiem tra
chat lugng san pham truac va sau gia
toe.
Da san xuat mau 4 san pham moi
Igai 10
kg theo phuong
phap ep dim ket hop say tang soi
Da
CO
ket qua thir hieu
lire
sinh hgc
cHa
Trung tam
BVTV
phia Nam, doi chimg vol mot so san pham
ciing
loai hoat
chat nhung khac dang gia cong cho ket qua
c6
hieu
lire

tuong duang
CHU^ONGi.
TONG
QUAN
I.
Gidi
thieu chung ve cac dang gia cong thuoc bao ve thirc vat (BVTV)
1.1.
Vai tro va y nghia ciia gia cong thuoc
BVTV.
Nhu
chiing
ta da biet gia cong thuoc BVTV la sir dung
nhumg
nguyen
lieu
ho?it
chat (a.i active ingredient)
dudi
dang ky thuat va mot
s6
thanh
ph§n
hoa chat khac thich hgp ,de tien hanh san xuat theo mot qua trinh cong nghe
da xac dinh dieu kien san xuat thanh mot san pham hoan chinh ,khi sir dung se
CO
hieu qua ,an toan va kinh te .
- Tai sao lai phai gia cong thuoc BVTV.
Nguyen lieu ky thuat la mot hon hgp gom hoat chat (con ggi la chit hoat dong
hay chat hiru hieu ) va cac tap chat thong thuong cac nha san

xuSt t6ng
hgp
nguyen lieu ky thuat cung cap ra thj truong c6 ham lugng hoat chat hiru hieu
tir 80% den 97% chi c6 boat chat mang hoat tinh sinh hoc ,c6 kha nang pha
hiiy cac chirc nang song cua sinh vat gay hai cay trong
,n6ng
san ; hoac cac
kha nang dieu tiet sinh truong sinh vat gay hai
miia
mang, hoac dieu tiet sinh
truong cay trong theo chieu huong c6
Igi
cho san xuat nong nghiep .
Ngoai trir mot so truong hgp ca biet, nguyen lieu ky thuat khong the dimg
true tiep trong cong tac phong trir djch hai
.Tu
than cac nguyen lieu ky thuat
khong mang
nhCrng
dac tinh hoa
ly
can c6 ,de c6 the de dang hoa
loang
nhu y
muon ,dl dang phun rai deu va bam dinh tren be mat phun (la cay, than ca;',
ca the sinh vat gay
hai)
tir do hoat chat c6 kha nang xam nhap vao co the djch
hai de gay doc cho chung
Muon

CO
nhirng dac tinh tren, nguyen lieu ky thuat phai qua mot cong doan
gia cong ,qua do nguyen lieu ky thuat
tiiy
thuoc tinh chat ly hoa
ciia
no se
dugc nghien, sang hoac hoa tan trong cac dung moi phoi trgn vai nhung phu
gia thich hgp de tao ra cac thanh pham d the ran va the long , Vdi cac nong
do ham lugng khac nhau de dap
iimg
cac yeu cau da dang cua viec sir dung
thuoc BVTV, bao ve cay trong .
Nhu vay gia cong thuoc BVTV lam cho
vice
sir dung hgat chat chinh xac hon,
hieu qua hon, thuan tien han va an toan hon
.Vdi
muc dich tang hieu
lire,
giam
6 nhiem va
su
dung thuan tien
1.2
Cac dang gia cong chinh .
Hien nay,
Imh
vuc gia cong thuoc BVTV cd rat nhieu tien bg, tao ra hang
Igat

cac dang thanh pham, dap img dugc cac yeu cau rat da dang
ciia
cong tac
diing
thuoc hda hgc bao ve cay trong
.Tuy
nhien chung dugc phan loai thanh
hai dang gia cong chinh la : Dang long va dang ran .
1.2.1.
Dang long
Cac thuoc BVTV gia cong d dang long gom cac loai sau :
SL (Solution concentrate ) thuoc dam dac tan trong nude
.Thudc
d
die
long ,trong suot hay
due,
dugc hoa vdi
nude
thanh dung dich khi phun
EC (Emulsifiable concentrate) Nhu dau hoac sira dam dac
.Thudc
d
dang long dong nhat,dugc pha vdi
nude
tao thanh mot nhii tuong sua de
phun .
SC (Suspension concentrate) Huyen phu dam dac
.Thudc huySn
phu 6n

dinh cua mot hay nhieu hoat chat trong mot chat long thudng la nude
.San
pham hoa loang vdi
nude
trudc khi diing
EW (Emulsion oil in water ) Sira dau trong
nude .Thanh
pham d dang
long khong dong
nhat.gom
dung djch hoat chat hoa loang trong dung
moi hiiu co, dugc phan tan thanh gigt nhd khi pha vdi nude .
SE (Super Emulsion ) Dang nhu tuong huyen
phii .Thanh
pham d the
long khong ddng nhat.gom mot he phan tan ben
ciia
mot hoat chat d
dang ran dugc gia cong dudi dang SC va mot hoat chat khac dugc gia
cong dudi dang EW va tron hon hgp vao nhau .
ME (Micro Emulsion ) Vi
sua.San
pham d the long trong suot hay mau
trang siia, chira dau va nude
.Cd
the diing
true
tiep hoac sau khi hda
loang vdi
nude

thanh mot vi nhu tuong hay mot nhii tuong binh thudng
EO (Emulsion water in oil) Sira
nude
trong dau
.Thuoc
d dang
ldng,khdng dong nhat, gom mot dung djch thuoc trir dich hai trong
nude, dugc phan tan thanh
nhOng
hat rat nhd trong mot dung moi hiru
CO .
1.2.2. Dang
rin
.
Bao gom cac dang thanh pham sau :
SP (Soluble Powder ) Bot tan trong nudc,Bgt hoa nude
.Thanh
pham
dang bgt,gdm cac thanh phan tan trong
nude
khi hda vao
nude
tao thanh
mot dung dich de phun .
WP (Wettable Powder ) Bot tham
nude .Thanh
pham d dang bot min;
khuyech tan dugc trong nude, tao mot huyen phu khi sir dung
WDG (Water dipersible granule) Hat phan tan trong
nude .Thanh phim

dang hat dugc phan ra va khuyech tan trong
nude
trudc khi dimg .
SG (Water soluble granule ) Hat tan trong nude
.Thanh
phim dang
hat,khi diing dugc hda vdi nudc,trong thanh pham co chua phu gia
khong tan trong nude .
- G (Granule ) Hat . Thanh pham dang hat,cd kich co hat ddng deu, de
dich chuyen,cd ham lugng hoat chat thap, khi sir dung rai
true
tiep .
D
(Dust)
Bot rac . Thanh pham dang bot, cd ham lugng hoat chat thap,
khi sir dung rai true tiep
1.3 Cac xu
hirdng
gia cong hien nay
De dap img nhu cau ve dang san pham tien tien, an toan, than thien,
sach vdi moi trudng
.Cac
nha gia cong thudc BVTV tren the gidi cd
khu\"nh
hudng chuyen doi dang nhu sau :
Chuyen dan cac dang gia cong sir dung dung moi him co
dSn
xuat tir
diu
mo

nhu dang EC sang cac dang it hoac khong sir dung dung moi de giam
sir
chay
no,
giam doc qua da, giam anh hudng moi trudng nhu cac san pham dang EW
,ME
,SC
,SE
- Chuyen tir dang WP sang SC de tranh san pham cd nhieu bui
- Chuyen tir dang WP va SC sang WDG de su dung ham lugng hoat chat cao
ha gia thanh san pham
.Dac
biet dang WDG la san pham dang hat nhung
mang tinh chat phan tan trong
nude,
tao
lo liing
huyen
phii,
phun xit
true
tiep
len
doi tugng phong trir, de dang djnh lugng khi sir dung .
II.
Dang hat phan tan trong
nude
(WDG )
1.
Gidi thieu chung

1.1.Khai
niem
chung.
Hat phan tan trong
nude
ban dau dugc biet nhu la huyen
phii khd
DF
(Drying Flowabeles) vi no dugc hinh thanh bang
each
bo sung them cong
doan sly trong day chuyen san xuat san pham SC
.Sau
do ngudi ta nghien
ciiu
mot so ky thuat gia cong rieng cho san pham WDG
.Nd
dugc tao bdi lien ket
phan tir a i ran vdi cac phu gia,tham irdt, phan tan ,ket dinh tao thanh mot
san pham dang hat khong cd
buj,
hat luu chay tot
.San
pham nay cd the tao
huyen
phii
hay phan tan mot
each
nhanh chdng khi cho san pham vao binh
phun chua nude .

V6
hinh dang, kich thudc, cd hat cua dang WDG tuy thudc vao ky thuat san
xu4t
gia cdng dugc
lira
chgn
Nd cd
thl
d dang vi hat, hat hinh cau ddng
diu,
hat khong ddng deu kich cd
,hat hinh tru ong
1.2. Nhirng
uu nhuoc
diem ciia dang WDG
-I-
Uu diem :
-Khong bi bui khi sir dung ,de dang dong rdt dinh lugng gidng nhu san
pham dang long
- Lugng phat thai it ,ham lugng a i cao
-
Do ben ly
hda
cao
- Do phan tan trong nude tot
- Gia thanh bao gdi va van chuyen thap
+
Nhiroc
diem :
- Cdng

n^e
gia cdng
phiic
tap , nen chi phi von ban
dIu
cao de dau tu
nha may san xuat
- Pham vi img dung hep hon do dang nay khong phu hgp vdi mot so
hoat chat cd nhiet do nong chay thap va nhay cam vdi nhiet do
Tuy nhien dang gia cdng WDG van uu viet
hem
cac dang gia cdng
rSn
khac,
dac biet ve van de moi trudng
.Vi
vay WDG dugc coi la dang gia cdng than
thien vdi moi trudng
2.
Cong nghe gia cong dang WDG
2.1.
Thanh phan gia cong chung
- Thong thudng
1
san pham dang WDG bao gom cac thanh phan chung sau
- Hoat chat a i (active ingredient) 5 - 90%
- Chat tham udt (wetting agent)
1
- 2 %
- Chat phan tan (dispersant) 4-10%

- Chat phan ra (Disintegrating agent) 0 -
15%
- Chat mau (pigment) 0 - 6%
- Chit dgn
(Filler)
0 - 85%
- Cac chat phu gia khac - can bang
100%
2.2.
Cong nghe san xuat
2.2.1 . Cac
phuong
phap san xuat WDG
Tong
quat,
de san xuat mot san pham dang hat phai qua cac cdng doan chii
yeu sau :
1.
Trgn
cac thanh phan a i va phu gia
2.
Nghien
3.
Tao hat
4.
sly
5.
Sang phan loai cd hat
6. Tai che hat khong dam bao kich cd
7.

Ddng gdi
Trong giai doan tao hat (giai doan 3)
tiiy
theo tinh chat ly hda ciia hoat chat va
theo yeu
clu
cua thj trudng ta chgn cac phuong phap gia cong khac nhau nhu
sau :
- Phuong phap vo vien tao hat bang chao (Pan granulation)
- Phuong phap ep dim tao hat (Extrusion granulation )
- Phuong phap say tang soi tao hat (Fluidbed granulation)
- Phuong phap say phun tao hat (Spray drymg granulation)
2.2.2.1.
Phuong phap vo vien tao hat bang chao
Tao hat bang chao rat pho bien, dac biet la trong san xuat phan bdn
NPK
.Trong
qui trinh san xuat hat dugc tao ra khi phun dung djch keo vao bot
min dang
lang
trdn tren mat chao sau do hat dugc
din din
tich tu tren chao va
dugc gat ra sau do chuyen den khau say ,phan loai cd hat
Thiet bj bao gom mot chao nghieng quay trdn cd vanh ,mgt bang tai cung dp
hon hgp bot min vao trong chao
.Mot
he thong
bee
phun suong dung dich keo

vao chao trong khi may quay trdn lam cho hat dugc vo vien va tich tu lai
din
quanh mep dudi chao
.Mot thilt
bi gat se dugc
diSu
chinh
d6
gat
din
cac hat
dugc tao ra de chuyen den bg phan lam khd .
Do cdng nghe tac ddng cugn trdn nen hat thudng cd
hinh
cau va ca hat se
khong ddng nhat va cd nhieu
ducmg
kinh khac nhau ,trong day 2 -
lOmm .Do
vay can phai sang phan
loaj
de lay cd hat theo yeu cau thong thudng ty
le
tai
tao
hat cd
25%.
2.2.2.2. Phuong phap say tang soi tao hat
Phuong phap tao hat nay
thucmg

ap dung theo cdng nghe san
xult
gian
doan ,tirc san xuat timg me .
Thiet bj hinh tru cd
3
phan :
- Phan day chua bot va thanh pham
- Phan than la buong tao hat
- Phan tren chua tiii
Igc
buj
Mot thiet bi hinh tru. Hon hgp hot dugc cho vao day.Luon khong khi
nong di vao tir day thap qua cac
Id
ray cue nhd lam lung bot len (gidng nhu
long hoa ) trong budng tao hat Mot
bee
phun suong dung dich keo ket dinh
vao budng tao hat
,nhCrng
hat suong keo tiep xuc dinh vao bot hoa long tao
nen cac hat ddng dang cd nhd dudng kinh tir 0.5 -
1mm .trong
khi hat tao
thanh chiing dugc luong khi nong say kho boc hoi
nude
va hat dan dan tich tu
d day thap, den khi hoan tat
.Ngung

may de xa hat ra chuyen den cdng doan
sang de phan loaj cd hat theo yeu cau
.Phuong
phap nay chi mot cdng doan
nen rat don gian
San pham tao hat bang say tang soi thudng cd do
bung
ra la limg huyen
phii
tot
.Lugng
tao hat lai moi me cao,ty le tao hat lai thap
.Tuy
nhien phuong
phap nay khong thich hgp vdi loaj boat chat cd do tan chay thap va nhay vdi
nhiet vi trong qui trinh cd
ludng
khi ndng di qua.
2.2.2.3.Phu'0'ng
phap say phun tao hat
Phuong phap nay
sii
dung thiet bi tuong tu nhu phuong phap say
ting
sdi tao hat. Trong trudng hgp nay nguon cung cap la hdn hgp san pham dang
huyin phii
dugc phun true tiep vao thap qua
bee
phun suong va ludng khi
ndng tir day thap di len, lam bdc hoi dung moi nude va hat san pham tao

thanh, nen cd hat thudng
rit
nhd cd
150
- 300
n
2.2.2.4.Phu'Ong phap ep diin tao hat
Phuong phap ep dim bao gdm nhieu cdng doan va nhieu thiet bj khac
nhau
Trudc tien hon hgp hot
mjn
dugc trdn khd, sau dd phun
nude
vao tiep tuc trdn.
Day la giai doan trdn udt, lugng
nude
cho vao vira
dii di
hon hgp tao thanh
khdi am, hay dang paste. Sau dd chuyen sang ep dim. May dim ra cac sgi hinh
tru, kich ca sgi hinh tru tuy thudc vao lo
ludi
gan trong may ep dim, thudng co
Id tir
0,5
- 5mm.
- Neu loai san pham yeu cau dang hinh tru dai 2 - 5mm trong cdng doan chi
can chuyen cac sgi sau khi ep dim d tren sang he thong say sau dd sang cd hat
theo yeu cau
-Neu loai san pham la hinh cau: Sau khi dim sgi, chuyen sang cdng doan xiit

hat, may xat hat bao gdm mot budng hinh tru, day la
1 dia
cd ranh sau
I
mm
tao thanh cac d vudng, quay vdi van tdc rat cao, khi cac sgi cho vao
dia
quay
cat thanh cac sgi ngan, quay trdn va ve vien, sau do chuyen sang khau say,
sang phan loai ca hat theo yeu cau
Thiet bj dung cho phuong phap ep dim. Cd 02 thiet bj chinh cho phuong
phap ep dim
May dim bang vit vd tan nam ngang ( Enless- screw extruder ), sir dung
klii
yeu cau co hat dang hinh dng try dudng kinh tir 2-
10mm,
do dai tir
5 —lOmra
May dim dang rd dimg: ( Basket -
extruder)
Sir dung khi yeu cau cd hat cd
the hinh tru hoac hinh cau dudng kinh tir 0,7 - 1mm.
-Thiet bj say cd the sir dung say khay hay say tang soi co he thong kiem soat
nhiet do.
2.2.2.NhQ'ng
yeu to lien quan den cong nghe
- San pham dang WDG la
sir
cai tien
ciia

dang WP va SC, qua cdng nghe gia
cdng de thanh pham d dang hat
Do vay trong cong nghe san xuat WDG can nghien
ciiu
cac yeu td ky thuat
lien quan sau :
1 .Tinh
chat ly hda ciia hoat chat va do mjn:
Dam bao thanh pham cd boat tinh sinh hgc tot nhat
2.
Tac nhan tham udt:
Dam bao thanh pham khi cho vao nude ,tham udt ,bung ra trong khoang
thai gian nhat djnh .
3.
Tac nhan phan tan gay lo limg:
San
phIm
sau khi bung ra, khuay deu phai phan tan va la lung tao dung
djch
huySn phii
phan bo deu boat chat khi phun xjt
4.
Tac nhan ket dinh:
DI
trong cdng nghe tao dugc hat,sau khi say bdc hoi
nude
van
giir
nguyen cd hat, ban che toi thieu lugng bot tao ra do vd
hat:

15
2.2.3.
Lira
chon phuong phap tao hat WDG cho
dl
tai:
Bang
1
so sanh cac phuong phap tao hat WDG
1
2
3
4
Phuong phap
Tao
hat
bang
chao
Tao
hat
bang
ep dim
Tao
hat
bang
say tang
sdi
Tao
hat
bang

say phun
LTU
diem
- Thiet
bj
don gian
- Cdng suat
Idn
- Cd the hdn hgp cac
hoat chat khac nhau
- Hat ran chac,it bui
- Cd the dieu chinh
cd hat theo yeu
cau
- Thich hgp
vdi
nhieu loai hoat chat
- Qui trinh 1 giai
doan trong
1
thiet
bi
- Hat bung
ra
huyen
phii
tdt
- Hat bung
ra
huyen

phii
tot
Nhuac diem
- Phat sinh
bui
trong qua trinh tao
hat
- Khdng kiem soat
dugc
cd
hat,nen
hat
khdng ddng nhat,ty
le tai che cao
- Hat phan
ra
kem
- Qua nhieu cdng
doan
- Phan
tan
cham
- Cd hat nhd, dp bo
hat khdng chac
nen
rat de vd khi ddng
gdi
va
van chuyen
- Khdng thich hgp

vdi cac hoat chat
cd
dp
tan chay thap
va khdng ben nhiet
- Cd hat nhd de
vd,de
hiit
am,met
cue
- Cdng nghe
phOrc
tap phai qua
2
giai
doan
- Rat khd chpn bao
bi ddng gdi
Ghi chu
-
Chi
thich
hgp
cho san
xuat phan
bdn
NPK
-
Ap
dung tdt

cho tat ca cac
loai thudc
BVTV
- Ket hgp vdi
phuong phap
ep dun de sir
dung cdnmg
doan
say la
rIt
tdt
- Thich
hgp
vdi loai
san
pham
hot
Tir ket qua bang
1
so sanh tren
.De
thuan tien cho viec dau tu thiet bj va
ling dung vao san xuat Idn sau nay. Chung toi chgn 2 phuong phap chinh
dS
ttiin
khai nghien
eiiu
tao hat WDG cho de tai, do
la.
*

Phuong phap ep dim tao hat
*
Phuong phap say tang sdi tao hat
III.
Tinh binh nghien
ciru
va san xuat trong
nude.
1.
Nhu cau sir dung thuoc BVTV
is
Viet Nam.
Tdng dien tich canh tac ndng nghiep cac loai ciia Viet Nam vao khoang
14 trieu ha.Trong dd lua chiem 7,5 trieu ha, cay cdng nghiep
lau
nam 2 trieu
ha, cay an trai 0,8 trieu ha,cdn lai la cac cay khac. Vdi tdng dien tich canh tac
nong
nghiep
tren hang nam lugng thudc BVTV da sir dung gia tang
rIt
dang
kS.
Theo
thdng
ke
ciia
Cue Bao Ve Thuc Vat thudc Bp NN&PTNT, gia trj
nhap khau thudc BVTV tai Viet Nam theo cac nam nhu sau :
Nam 2006

Idioang
257 trieu USD
Nam 2007 la 322 trieu USD
Nam 2008 la 389 trieu USD.
Trong thai gian vira qua thudc BVTV giir mot vai tro quan trgng viec
kiem soat djch benh,sau ray,cd dai trong san xuat ndng nghiep lam cho so
lugng va chat lugng ndng san tang len rd ret.
Dir
doan thudc BVTV tai Viet
Nam con tiep tuc tang. Vi thuc te lugng thudc BVTV sir dung tren
1/ha
dien
tich trong trgt d Viet Nam qui ve USD/ha van eon thap han
nhilu
so vdi cac
nude trong khu vuc Ddng Nam A : Viet Nam 23 USD/ha ,Thai Lan 45
USD/ha,Indonesia 35 USD/ha.
(theo tai lieu ciia tap chi Farm Chemical International, nam 2007)
- So lugng ten thuong pham thudc BVTV dugc dang ky luu hanh d Viet Nam
cung tang hang nam ( so lieu trong bang Danh muc thuoc BVTV dugc phep
sir dung tai Viet Nam dugc Bp NN&PTNTphat hanh hang nam )
Nam 2008
1972
ten
thuong phIm
2009
2561
ten thuong
phIm
2010 2752 ten thuong

phIm
Tuy nhien viec
sii
dung nhieu cac thudc BVTV hda hpc da mang lai hau
qua khdng tdt ddi vdi mdi trudng va sinh thai. Van de nay da dupe cac nha
khoa hoc canh bao va da de ra nhieu giai phap thuc hien.Trong dd cd viec dua
ra thi trudng cac loai hda chat mdi sir dung vdi ndng dp rat thap,it gay doe vdi
ddng vat mau ndng va thien djch cd ich,cac che pham sinh
hgc Dac
biet
phat trien eacdang gia cdng mdi it gay d nhiem da dua vao sir dungn trong
viii
nam trd lai day. Cac dang gia cdng thudc ciing thay ddi theo hudng han che
anh hudng den mdi trudng. Neu nhu trudc kia
chii
yeu diing mot so dang
truyin
thdng nhu EC, WP, G, thi nay da cd nhieu dang gia cong tien tien than
thien vdi mdi trudng nhu SC,ME,EW,WDG.Dac biet dang WDG dang dugc
ua chudng va tang len hang nam .
Bang 2 Ty le san pham dang WDG dang luu hanh tai Viet Nam
Nam
2008
2009
2010
Tdng dang WDG
180
Tdng cac dang
1972
256

1
2561
302
i
2750
Ty le %
9.1
10
11
2.
Tinh hinh nghien ciru va san xuat dang WDG tai Viet Nam.
Hien nay so cdng ty dang ky san xuat -kinh doanh va cd ten san pham
trong danh muc thudc BVTV dugc phep sir dung tai Viet Nam den thang 03
nam 2009 len
din
245 dan vj.
Rat nhieu don vj vdi nang luc san xuat rat han che chi thuan lam cdng
tac kinh doanh ; dang ky ten san pham rdi nhap thanh pham tir nude ngoai ve
ddng gdi bao bi va ban. Khoang 40 don vj cd nha may td chirc san xuat gia
cdng
Hien tai, d Viet Nam cac don vj nghien
ciiu
chuyen sau ve ky thuat gia cdng
thudc BVTV chua nhieu. Chi cd mot so cdng ty dang tien hanh nghien
ciiu
img dung cdng nghe tien tien vao san xuat nhung con ban che
Da sd cac san
phIm
thudc BVTV dang WDG dang sir dung tai Viet
Nam

dSu
do cac cdng ty nude ngoai dang ky va true tiep cung irng hoac cac
cdng ty trong nude nhap ban thanh pham tir nude ngoai ve ddng gdi tai Viet
Nam
d6
tieu thu.Nhu vay hien nay trong nude chua cd don vj nao da dau tu
day chuyen san xuat Idn thudc BVTV dang WDG
Nguyen nhan : Cdng nghe va thiet bj rat
phiic
tap,chi phi dau
tu'
ban dau cao.
CHU^ONGII THirc
NGHIEM
I.Phuong
phap tien hanh nghien ciru
1.
Lira
chpn cdng nghe cho de
tai:
So dd day chuyen cdng nghe gia cdng thudc BVTV dang WDG
Tit so dd tren cho
thiy
qui trinh cdng nghe tao hat thudc BVTV dang WDG
niu
sir dung
nhilu
phuong phap tao hat khac nhau se cd nhieu thiet bj khac
nhau trong cdng doan tao hat con cac cdng doan khac deu gidng nhau va sir
dung chung thiet bi nhu sau:

- Cdng doan trpn,nghien min
- Cdng doan say
- Cdng doan ray ,phan loai cd hat \
a
xu ly lai neu cd hat khdng dat
- Cdng doan ddng gdi thanh pham
Qua
phin
trinh bay d chucmg tdng quan
dk
tai,
phin
gidi thieu cac phuong
phap tao hat
.Neu
chpn 2 phuong phap ep dim va say
ting
sdi ,d cdng doan tao
hat cd so dd tdng quat sau :
So dd tong quat 2 phuong phap tao hat WDG
TRON .NGHIEN
PP ep dim
Tron,
nhao
Ep dun
Xat hat
Say
Qua so dd tren cho thay 2 phuong phap tao hat ep dim va say tang sdi ; cd sd
thilt
bj cd the sir dung chung

.do
la thiet bj trpn nghien,thiet bi say,thiet bj
sang phan loai cd hat
.Do
dd chung tdi chpn cong nghe ep dim va say tang sdi
dl dIu
tu
thilt
bj va trien khai de tai.
2.
Cac yen to anh huong den cong nghe gia cong va chat luong san pham .
2.1.
Xac djnh cd hat nguyen lieu
Thudng boat
chit
sir dung trong gia cdng WDG d dang ran vdi kich thudc hat
cin
thiet trong day 10-43 micron.
2.2.
Chit thim
udt:
20
Thudng chgn cac chat HDBM anionic lam tac nhan tham udt trong gia cdng
WDG
2.3.
Chat phan tan gay lo lung :
Thudng chgn cac chat HDBM nonionic cd khdi lugng phan tir cao cd tinh lien
ket gay lo limg tdt
2.4. Chat phan ra :
Cac chat cd kha nang truong nd trong

nude
thudng c6 chat phan ra tdt
2.5.
Chit kSt
dinh:
Thudng
sii
dung cac loai keo PVA, PEG de hda tan trong
nude
de tao dung
djch ket dinh, ddng vai trd lam ben co hgc
ciia
san pham, vo vien tao hat
2.6.
Chit
dgn
Cd tac dung them vao de can bang cac thanh pham trong cdng thirc. Thdng
thudng cac san pham WDG cd ham lugng hoat chat cao; khdng su dung chiit
don hoac sir dung chat ddng goc silicate tong hpp (lam chat trg nghien d cdng
doan nghien mjn) hay kaolin
II.
Thiet bi ,nguyen vat lieu
l.Thiet
bj
1.1. May nghien
biia
- Cac thong sd co ban:
+ Dudng kinh budng nghien: 250mm
+ Chieu day budng nghien: 80
+ The tich budng nghien:

1
lit
+ Cdng suat ddng co nghien:
1
KW
+ Xuat
xir:
Viet Nam
- Cdng suat may nghien: 5 -20 kg / gid
1.2.
May
nghiSn
khi ddng (Jetmill) phdng thi nghiem
- Cac thdng sd co ban
+ May nen khi: Dung tich binh nen khi 500 lit, ap suat lam viec 6 kg /
cm
+ Budng
nghiSn:
budng nghien dang hinh tru bang ceramic .
+ Xuat
xii:
Trung qudc
- Cdng
suit nghiSn
:
1
kg / gid
1.3.
May trdn nhao (Kneading machine)
- Cac thdng sd co ban:

+ Cdng suat ddng co
:
1,3
KW
+
Thi
tich bdn trdn
:
20 lit
+ Canh trdn:
xuong
ca.
+ Xult
xii:
Dire
- Cdng
suit
may trdn: 6 kg / me
/10
phut.
1.4
May ep dim (Basket extrudmg machme)
- Cac thdng sd co ban:
+ Dudng kinh canh dim:
160mm
+ Cdng suat ddng co
:
1,5 KW
+ Dudng kinh
Id

ludi nghien: 0,5 -
1 mm
+ Xuat
xii:
Viet nam
- Cdng suat may dim
:
5 kg / gid
1.5 May xat hat
(Centrifiigal
Spheroid machine)
- Cac thdng sd co ban:
+ Dudng kinh budng lam viec: 400mm
+ The tich budng lam viec: 22 lit
+ Cdng suat ddng co
:
3 KW
+ Xuat
xir:
Diic
- Cdng suat may xat
hat:
20 -
100
kg / gid (phu thudc vao ngoai dang cua san
pham)
1.6
May say tang sdi tao hat. ( fluid - bed / dryer / granulator machine)
- Cac thdng sd co ban:
+ The tich budng say,tao hat:

100
lit
+ The tich bdn nguyen lieu thanh pham: 60 lit
+ Quat hut: cdng suat 7,5 KW luu lugng hut
3161
m'/h
+ Bom dung djch: luu lugng bom 0,007 -
1140
ml / phut
+ Cdng suat budng gia nhiet 27 KW
+ Xuat
xii:
Trung qudc
- Cdng suat lam viec : 30 kg / me
1.7
May sang rung nhieu tang
- Cac thdng sd co ban:
+ Hinh try 2 tang,dudng kinh : 560 mm.
+ Cd
Id
ludi sang
1
mm va
1.4
mm.
+ Cdng suat ddng
co:
3/4HP
+ Xuat
xii:

Dai loan
- Cdng
suit
sang :
100
- 200 kg / h
2.Dung
cu
Cac dung cu sau dugc sir dung cho muc dich nghien ciru: dng dong
250ml
CO
ke vach,dung cu
thiiy
tinh do do
lo lirng.tham
udt,ddng ho bam
gid,
bd ray tieu chuan, may hut chan khdng. til gia nhiet, tu say, may do pH, may
do ti trgng ddng.,thiet bj phan tich HPLC
3.Hoa chit
3.1 Hoat chat
Trong gidi ban
ciia
de tai, chiing tdi chgn 4 hgat chat dudi day de nghien
curu
gia cdng:
22
3.1.1.
Fipronil
- Tinh chat nguyen lieu:

+Tentheo
lUPAC:
(i?5)-5-amino-l-[2,6-dichloro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)-lH-pyrazole-3-
carbonitrile
-I-
Cdng thirc phan tu:
CjHjCbFtNjOS
+ Trgng lugng phan
tir:
437.15
g/mol
+ Ngoai dang: Chat ran mau trang
+
Ty
trgng:
1.477-1.626
+
Dilm
ndng chay: 200.5
°C
+ Cdng
thiic
cau tao
CF
+ Kha nang hoa
tan:
Tan trong
nude
1,9

mg/l
( d 20
"
C )
- Cac dang san pham cd the gia cdng: SC,G,EC, WDG.
3.1.2. Fosetyl alumium
- Tinh chat nguyen lieu
+ Ten theo
lUPAC:
aluminium
tris(ethyl
phosphonate)
+ Cdng thirc phan
tir:
CsHigAlOgPj
+ Trgng lugng phan tir:
351
[g/mol]
+ Ngoai dang: Chat rin mau
trlng
+
Ty
trgng: :
1.45-1.74
+ Tan tdt trong nude
+ Cdng thirc cau tao
23
H
O
CHj

CH3
- Cac
dang
san
pham
cd the gia
cdng:
WDG, WP
3.1.3.
Emamectin benzoate
-
Tinh chat nguyen lieu
+ Ten theo lUPAC
extended
von
Baeyer
nomenclature:
mixture
of
90%
(10£,
14£,
16£)-(l.R,4S,5'S,6S,6'«,8fi,
12S,
13S,20J?,21/?,24S)-
6'-[(S) sec-butyl]-21,24-dihydroxy-5',
11,13,22-tetramethyl-2-oxo-(3,7,19-
trioxatetracyclo[ 15.6.1.1
''•'.O^°''']pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene)-6-spiro-2'-
(5',6'-dihydro-2'7/-pyran)-l2-yl2,6-dideoxy-3-0-methyl-4-0-(2,4,6-trideoxy-

3-0-methyl-4-methylamino-a-L-/yjro-hexapyranosyl)-a-L-a>-oii«o-
hexapyranoside
and
10%
(10£,I4£,16£)-
(I
R,4S,5'S,6S,6'RM,
12S,
13S,20«,21
R,24S)-21,24-dihydroxy-6'-isopropy
I-
5',
11,13,22-tetramethyl-2-oxo-(3,7,19-
trioxatetracyclo[ 15.6.1.1
''•*.0'°''']pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene)-6-spiro-2'-
(5',6'-dihydro-2'//-pyran)-l2-yl2,6-dideoxy-3-0-methyl-4-0-(2,4,6-trideoxy.
3-0-methyl-4-methylamino-a-L-/)'jfo-hexapyranosyl)-a-L-flra6r«o-
hexapyranoside
or
bridged fiised ring systems
nomenclature:
mixture
of
90%
(2a£,4£,8£)-
(5'S,6S,6'«,75,11/?,
13S,
155,17a/e,20/?,20a/?,20bS)-6'-[(S)-sec-butyl]-
5',6,6',7,10,11,14,15,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-20,20b-dihydroxy-
5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-l

7-oxospiro[l
1,15-methano-2/7,13H,
17//-fiiro[4,3,2-
p^][2,6]benzodioxacyclooctadecin-13,2'-[2//]pyran]-7-yl2,6-dideoxy-3-0-
methyl-4-0-(2,4,6-trideoxy-3-0-methyl-4-methylamino-a-L-/>ao-
hexapyranosyO-a-L-araiino-hexapyranoside
and 10%
(2a£,4£,8£)-
(5'S,6S,6'RJS,
11/?,
13S, 15S,
17a/?,20«,20a;?,20bS)-
5',6,6',7,10,11,14,15,17a,20,20a,20b-dodecahydro-20,20b-dihydroxy-6'-
isopropy
l-5',6,8,19-tetramethyl-17-oxospiro[
11,15-methano-2//,
13H,1
IH-