giáo trình công nghệ sinh học môi trường Bài 5 xử lý chất hữu cơ

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 !"#"
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%&'(')
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  ! "#$%&'() ! "*+,-. /
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012. 3+ 456* 7#$ 89* 2.*: !/
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;+* 7'<12.8' 82 = > ?=@A2!<2* B2)=C=@A<1D=C=@B<E$<
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G2!<2*#$H,-88F8I /
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 /012345647/
 898/38:-
$ .;<=/>8:-/3?8@A>B545647/
* C7D;EFG /012345647/
H .;IJ/3-=/>B563K2;45647/
 .;3:/3L2M45647/
N 3O/>PQ2M45647/
898/38:-
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L2!<2* M'8N<1O* 7 PQ82 = > ?=@#$= "!*2'/
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%4!7* 7 T >/
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W- TVC* 7 !"@=6 #$ !=X2. %Y6 'F6 Z 
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\'8NO! ! >H=@/
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 PQ4"56
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 * 2.
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WE82(!
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Cơ sở của quá trình Compost
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 * U =K3.=K !
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T! * U=X[ ?
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W6 > P54 ?=@=C=@<-F2) "!* O b2!<2*8cF
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#Z],.Y
Cơ chất và sản phẩm của hoạt động vi sinh vật trong đống ủ compost
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<1OPQ/
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WF6O%25!j<89Y=@
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"4O' * U<-F2#Z
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r3#$<s<=@
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r3=?'s<=@*<Y8%2 sY*=@/
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!#$#Z826O<-F2%8cO "@d8d/
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D>b=2`lgjm2<'8 "6 #/?<Q Q,.=@ !!!2 (?
2Qt  VC *:1Q/
Những yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quá trình compost
2.@O'4! * U'F?#t)8# >F82*6'8NO/
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2!<2*  2.2!<2*@u
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  2.H`#$7   2.LU2!<2*Mv7   2.2 A!8k<*kB/
•
   2.#$)8#%] ''8N='=oU='/

 2!<2*2!<2*@3882%"=@2)82 = >4k<O#t3TX=@
2)V =@6,w%T826u

U2!<2*2 #$J >826/
'<)8#O'8N2!<2*
Các kỹ thuật làm phân compost
•
W- T'8NK%CU >%[

6 #42'8N2!<2*38

x2. %YP.<"%2> ?%C !!#$= !2. )'$<1Fp

^.T[#$22!<2*<K!/
•

P%#ZQ%O'8NK%C  !U >X

 2)3Y 4=@#ZZAd1YpB"(, >@%!)2 * U2.Fu

x2. %Z#Z? H #Z

T!#Z? '=X

06 8F'<[ A#Z=X , ,#e=@#Z='pBu

x2. %YP.<#O = !2. J%&!'JF/
•
\'8NK%C<6 8F*:* 8*<K!=@A4!E 2) %- B#Z8y/
•
P%#ZQ%=? ?<4"#*
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<=@23=@8%2 !F<[Q #Z

^5.2=?36<X=@6Q/

x!K!!=XU >

x2. %YPU >=X!2!6/
•
'%#Z?% ?*<K!2!<2*

"'P<[='

x2. %Y.<


x!=X"8P1Q

x!Q -4=@#Z=X5%&'2)3 

8F2!<2*Z P<- ='A<1=2'B.2Pd$<@$<"
85182U%4#t/
`,.
4%"
z"<H,v
z"<H,vH
z"<H,.86

=X[%"
{ k,2!<2* 
| ,82}2!<2* 
 R"#"
Compost trên đồng (Field
compos"ng)

^Q /

\'8NO38]Z<!Y8T%!)2) k !k!)

0E$<3+%E<-<K!X ></

 >@%!) ?<3cZ =X=@='Z=X38'8N.2 >=X8E2), >
![!Y,. /

 =X4Q1%>![!%>/


_X'8N2!<2*N=X.2 >=X#$= "!*2'/
Compost dạng luống
(Windrow compos"ng):

U >  ?<3c8J ?<Z =X=@

\'8N2!<2**  =@4!E X '=@ >H=@%2+!![!%>%- /

.N7O!)964"N! '2)N/

 8F 2,.O6<-F2%U > = >=@U ?%C28F/
.~X=@J T
.26O!F[
.`X=@J T
^6O,.
.jX=@J Tu
^6O,.H