Nâng cao chất lượng quản trị nguồn nhân lực tại công ty truyền tải điện 1, tổng công ty điện lực việt nam

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO
TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN HA NOI

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Lull Blnh Cong

NANG CAO CHAT LUONG QUAN TRI NGUON NHAN
LUC TAI CONG TY TRUYEN TAI BIEN 1, TONG CONG
TY BIEN LUC VIET NAM

Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh

Chuyen nganh : Quan tri kinh doanh tong hop

Ngtroi htrdng d;ln : TS Tran Viet Lam

thsW
Ha noi, nam 2003


£03 MJH 0’01
3di x.in bay fd tony edm oil ekan fkdnk tdi eae th.dy ed yido Irony bd mdn
Quan tri kink doank tony kdp, itae biet Ul tie'll. ty 3ran QJiet £aut; eae tkdy ed

yido 3Lkoa Sau ifai hoe truduy ^Bai koe JLink tequae dan QCa Qldi ltd tan tink
yidp ltd tdi koan thank ban Latin adn nay.
Quan tri nyudn nkdn lu’e Id mat link aide khd khan nhdt trony yuan tri

iloaniz nykiep ndi ekuny. Q)di kie'n thd’e ad kink nyJiiem edn han ehi eua Ide

yid, Luan adn kkdny trank khdi edn nhieu thieu idt. (Hat many nkdn itiide s.u'

ydp. y, itdny aien eua ede tkdy ed yido ad be ban.

'3C)d Oddi, num 2003

£u’u (Bink @.dny


Liru Binh C6ng

I

Lu£n van Thac sy QTKD

MUC LUC
Ma dau
Chuongl Ly luan chung ve quan tri nguon nhan lire
Nguon nhan lire va quan tri nguon nhan luc
1.1.
Khai niem co ban
1.1.1.
1.1.2.
Muc tieu va vai tro cua quan tri nguon nhan luc
1.2.
Nhung noi dung chu yeu cua quan tri nguon nhan
lire trong doanh nghiep
1.2.1.
Cong tac tuy^n dung lao dong
1.2.2.

Cong tac duy tri va su dung nguon nhan luc
1.2.3.
Cong tac dao tao va phat trien nguon nhan luc
1.3.
Chat luqng quan tri nguon nhan luc
i.3.1.
Danh gia ket qua quan tri nguon nhan luc
1.3.2.
Dinh luqng danh gia muc do chuyen nghiep trong
hoat dong cua bo phan quan tri nguon nhan luc
Chuong 2 Thue trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai
Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1
2.1.
Gioi thieu khai quat ve Cong ty Truye tai dien 1
2.1.1.
Qua trinh hmh thanh va phat trien cua Cong ty
Truyen tai dien 1
2.1.2.
Hoat dong san xua't kinh doanh cua Cong ty Truyen
tai dien 1 trong nhung nam gdn day
2.2.
Nhurng nhan to chu yeu anh hudng den quan tri
nguon nhan lire tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1
2.2.1.
Nhung nhan to ben trong
2.2.2.
Nhung nhan to ben ngoai
Nhung quan diem chi dao cong tac quan tri nguon
2.3.
nhan luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

Thue trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan lire tai
2.4.
Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1
2.4.1.
Thue trang cong tac tuyen dung lao dong
Thue trang cong tac duy tri va su dung nguon nhan
2.4.2.
luc
2.4.3.
Thue trang cong tac dao tao va phat trien nguon nhan
luc
2.5.
Danh gia chat luqng cong tac quan tri nguon nhan
luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1
2.5.1.
Danh gia theo quan diem chi dao cong tac quan tri
nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty
2.5.2.
Danh gia theo cac chi tieu dinh luqng
Chuang 3 Mot so giai phap nham nang cao chat luqng quan
tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

Trang
1
3
3
3
5
6
7

21
31
42
42
42

45

45
45
46

47
47
55
57
58
58
70

79

88
88
89
93


Luu Binh Cong

3.1.

3.2.
-

3.2.1.
3.2.2.
3.3.
3.3.1.
3.3.2.
3.3.3.
3.3.4.
3.4.

3.4.1.
3.4.2.

II

Lu&n van Thac sy QTKD

Muc tieu chien lucre phat trien nganh dien den
nam 2020
Nhurng quan diem dinh hudng nham nang cao chat
lucrng cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong
ty Truyen tai dien 1 giai doan 2002-2010
Quan diem 1
Quan diem 2
Mot so giai phap nham nang cao chat luqng quan
tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

Cac giai phap ve co cau to chdc
Cac giai phap ve thu hut, tuyen dung lao dong
Cac giai phap ve duy tri, su dung lao dong
Cac giai phap v£ dao tao, phat trien nguon nhan luc
Mot so kien nghi nham hoan thien cong tac quan
tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1
Kien nghi vdi Nha nude
Kien nghi vdi nganh dien
Ket luan
Danh muc tai lieu tham khao

93

94
94
95
96

96
100
110
121
126
126
127
129
131


Lun Binh Cong

III

Lu&n van Thac sy QTKD

DANH MUC BANG, BIEU, SO DO
Ky hieu

Bang 2.1.
Bang 2.2.
Bang 2.3.

Bang 2.4.
Bang 2.5.
Bang 2.6.
Bang 2.7.

Bang 2.8.
Bang 2.9.
Bang 2.10.

Bang 2.11.
Bang 2.12.

Bang 3.1.
So do 2.1.
So do 2.2.
So do 2.3.

Ten bang, bieu, so do

Trang
Khoi lupng quan ly cua Cong ty ttr nam 1996 den
46
nam 2002
San lupng dien nang truyen tai cua Cong ty th nam
47
1996 den nam 2002
So lirong lao dong cua Cong ty ttr nam 1996 den nam
47
2000
Thong ke suat so co th nam 1998 den nam 2002
62
Thong ke so lao dong hien co tai cac tram bien ap
63
nam 2002
So lao dong dope tuyen dung nam 1997-2002
69
Thong ke thu nhap binh quan tai Cong ty th nam
77
1998 den nam 2002
Ket qua boi huan nang bac 1999-2001
83
Danh gia chat lupng cong nhan van hanh tram bien
84
ap nam 2002
So lieu dao tao tai chhc 1999-2002
85
Thong ke nang suat lao dong tai Cong ty Truyen tai
90
dien 1 th nam 1997 den nam 2002 theo chi tieu san

lupng truyen tai
90
Thong ke nang suat lao dong tai Cong ty Truydn tai
dien 1 theo khoi lupng quan ly nam 1998-2002
103
Cac edng trinh dien du kien xay dung giai doan
2003-2010 va du bao nhu cau lao dong cua Cong ty
Truyen tai dien 1
48
Day chuyen san xua't kinh doanh dien
53
To chuc bo may Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1
55
To chuc bo may cac Truyen tai dien true thuoc


Lu£n van thac sy QTKD

1

Liru Binh Cong

1. Sir can thiet cua viec nghien cuu de tai
Cong ty truyen tai dien 1 la don vi thanh vien cua Tong cong ty
Dien luc Viet Nam (EVN). Chuc nang chu yeu cua cong ty la quan ly

van hanh va sua chua ludi dien cao ap 220 kv-500 kv (ludi truyen tai
dien) tren toan bo mi6n Bdc tir Deo Ngang trd ra. Cung vdi su ldn manh
cua nganh dien, dia ban quan ly cua cong ty Truyen tai dien 1 ngay
cang phat trien trai dai, vuon rong ra khdp cac tinh mien BSc. Su gia

tang khong ngiTng cua lucri truyen tai dien cung vdi viec ap dung nhung

cong nghe tien tien trong linh vuc truyen tai dien nang, doi hoi phai co

su thay doi toan dien trong quan tri nguon nhan luc de dap ung dupe
yeu cau nhiem vu trong tinh hinh mdi. Doi hoi ve so luqng va chat

luqng nguon nhan luc ngay cang cao tuong xirng vdi nhiem vu va trinh

do cong nghe la mot ap luc doi vdi cac nha quan tri cua cong ty Truy&n tai dien 1.
Mac du vay, cho den nay linh vuc quan tri nguon nhan luc d cong
ty Truydn tai dien 1 van chua cd su thay doi nhieu de theo kip vdi su

thay doi cua nhiem vu trong thdi ky mdi. Su bien dong manh me cua

moi trudng kinh doanh, xu hudng toan cau hoa, hoi nhap nen kinh te

khu vuc va the gidi da cho thay trudc mot nguy co "chay mau chat xam"
tir cac doanh nghiep nha nude. VI vay, viec phan tfch, nghien ctru thuc
trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai cong ty Truyen tai dien 1 de’

tir do de ra duqc cac giai phap nh^m nang cao chat luqng cho hoat dong
nay la mot cong viec het sire can thiet. Dieu do da noi nen tinh cap thiet
cua de tai.

2. Muc dich nghien cuu cua de tai

Trinh bay mot each cd he thong nhung ly lu^n co ban ve quan tri nguon
nhan luc. Phan tfch danh gia thuc trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai

cong ty Truyen tai dien, tren co so nhung ly luan co ban ve quan tri nguon
nhan luc, luan van dua ra mot so giai phap chu yeu nhSm nang cao chat luqng


Lu&n van thac sv OTKD

2

Luu Binh Cong

quan tri nguon nhan luc d cong ty Truyen tai dien 1, dap ung dupc yeu c^u san

xuat kinh doanh trong giai doan moi.
3. Doi tupng va pham vi nghien cuu cua de tai
Doi tupng nghien cUu la lmh vuc quan tri nguon nhan luc cua cong
ty Truyen tai dien 1.

Pham vi nghien cuu gidi han trong hoat dong cua cong ty Truyen

tai dienl thdi ky th nam 1995 den nay.

4. Phuong phap nghien cUu

Luan van su dung phuong phap phan tich he thong, phuong phap phan
tich so sanh ket hop phan tich dinh tinh, dinh lupng de lam sang to cac quan

diem ve cac giai phap nham nang cao chat lupng quan tri nguon nhan luc cua

cong ty Truyen tai dien 1, dap ung yeu cau san xuat, kinh doanh trong giai
doan mdi.

5. Nh&ng dong gop cua luan van
Thu nhat, luan van da he thong hoa dupc nhung van de ly luan cot

loi nhat cua ly thuygt quan tri nguon nhan luc, trinh bay theo mot trat tu
lo-gic.

Thu hai, luan van da van dung ly luan mot cach linh hoat vao
phan tich thuc trang quan tri nguon nhan luc cua mot doanh nghiep cu
the, gan dupc ly luan vdi thuc tien, th do dua ra cac kien giai hop ly

nham gop ph£n nang cao cha't lupng quan tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty
Truyen tai dien 1.

6. Ket cau cua luan van
Ngoai ldi noi dau va ket luan, noi dung luan van dupc trinh bay trong 3
chuong.
Chitang 1: Ly luan chung ve quan tri nguon nhan luc

Chuang 2: Thuc trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty
Truyen tai dien 1

Chuang 3: Mot so giai phap nham nang cao chat luang cong tac quan

tri nguon nhan luc a cong ty Truyen tai dien 1


LuAn van thac sy QTKD___________ 3____________ Luu Binh Cong
1

LY LUAN CHUNG VE QUAN TRI NGUON NHAN LUC
1.1. Nguon nhan luc va quan tri nguon nhan luc

1.1.1. Khai niem cor ban

1.1.1.1. Ngudn nhan lire

Nguon nhan luc cua mot to chuc bao gom tat ca nhung ngudi lao
dong lam viec cho to chuc do. Nguon nhan luc cua mot to chuc hinh

thanh tren co so cac ca nhan cd vai tro khac nhau va duqc lien ket vdi

nhau theo nhung muc tieu nhat dinh. 6 doanh nghiep, nhan luc la tai
san dau tien, la tai nguyen dat gia va quy bau nhat va thong thudng la

mot lpi the canh tranh mang tinh quyet dinh.
He thong san xua't, kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep bao gom cac yeu

to ddu vao : nguyen vat lieu, lao dong, thiet bi, ky nang quan ly; qua

mot qua trinh san xua't, kinh doanh bien doi thanh dau ra la hang hoa,
dich vu. Yeu to con ngudi co anh hudng quyet dinh den trinh do quan ly

va trinh do su dung cac yeu to' kinh doanh; con ngudi la yeu to' nang

dong nha't, tfch cue nha't cua moi qua trinh san xua't kinh doanh. Con
ngudi trd thanh mot nguon luc quan trong nha't cua doanh nghiep, ben

canh cac nguon luc khac la tai chfnh, cong nghe.
1.1.1.2. Quan tri nguon nhan luc

Quan tri nguon nhan luc la qua trinh sang tao va sir dung tong the

cac cong cu, phuong tien, phuong phap va giai phap khai thac hop ly va
cd hieu qua nha't nang luc, so trudng cua ngudi lao dong nham dam bao
thuc hien cac muc tieu cua doanh nghiep va tirng ngudi lao dong trong
doanh nghiep.

Thuc cha't cua quan tri ngudn nhan luc la quan tri con ngudi trong
pham vi to chuc, la su do'i xu cua to chlic do'i vdi ngudi lao dong.

Nguon nhan luc khac vdi cac ngudn luc khac cua doanh nghiep do
chfnh ban cha't cua con ngudi. Nhan vien cd cac nang luc, dac didm ca

nhan khac nhau, cd tiem nang phat trien, cd kha nang hinh thanh cac


Luan van thac sy QTKD

4

Luu Binh Cong

nhom hoi, cac to chuc cong doan de bao ve quydn lqi cua ho, cd the
danh gia va dat cau hoi doi vdi hoat dong cua cac quan tri gia, hanh vi

cua ho cd the thay doi phu thuoc vao chinh ban than ho hoac su tac
dong cua moi trudng xung quanh. Do do, quan tri nguon nhan luc kho

khan va phdc tap hon nhidu so vdi quan tri cac yeu to khac cua qua

trinh san xuat kinh doanh.
Quan tri con ngudi trong pham vi cac to chuc, cac doanh nghiep da

duqc phat tnen theo ba each tiep can chu yeu, do la quan tri tren co so
khoa hoc, quan tri theo cac mdi quan he cua con ngudi va quan tri

nguon nhan luc. Quan tri tren co so khoa hoc (hay quan tri lao dong)
coi trong viec kiem tra, kiem soat, hudng dan cong viec chat che va cac
khuyen khich ve kinh te (tien luong, tidn thudng) de nang cao nang sua't

lao dong; giai phong cong nhan khdi chdc nang quan ly; cong nhan chi
la ngudi thuc hien cac cong viec va nhat thiet phai hoan thanh cong viec
trong pham vi trach nhiem. Quan tri tren co so khoa hoc the hien mot

triet ly coi thudng, ha thap con ngudi, coi con ngudi ngang vdi may
moc, thiet bi va cac yeu to khac cua qua trinh san xuat.

Quan tri theo cac mdi quan he con ngudi (1930-1940) quan tarn

tdi cac yeu to tarn ly xa hoi cua ngudi lao dong, chu truong tac dong tdi
hanh vi cua con ngudi thong qua nhan dao hoa cong viec nhu didu kien

ve sinh lao dong, do dai thdi gian lam viec, chu ky nghi ngoi, su thoai
mai cua cong nhan noi lam viec, anh hudng cua tap the cung nhu phong

each lanh dao...da tac dong manh me den tinh cam, nhiet tinh cua ngudi
lao dong va la nguon goc nang cao hieu qua lam viec. Quan tri theo cac

mdi quan he con ngudi the hien mot triet ly dd cao con ngudi, dat nen
mong cho cac ly thuyet quan tri hien dai. Tuy nhien, nd chi dat duqc

hieu qua ra't han che trong viec nang cao nang suat lao dong do don gian
hoa hanh vi con ngudi, khong quan tarn den su khac biet cua cac ca

nhan, khong danh gia duqc yeu cau cong viec, khong chu y den cac thu


Luan van thac sy QTKD

5

Luu Binh Cong

tuc, tieu chudn mau va cac quy che lam viec nham hudng dan cong nhan
dat duqc muc tieu cua to chtrc.

Quan tri nguon nhan luc (bat dau tit 1970) chu truong phat trien va

sir dung cac tidm nang cua ca nhan thong qua viec tao ra moi trudng lao

dong thuan lqi cho con ngudi. Con ngudi khong con don thuan chi la
mot yeu to cua qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh ma la mot tai san quy bau
cua to chuc , doanh nghiep. Cac doanh nghiep chuyen tur tinh trang tiet
kiem chi phi lao dong de giam gia thanh sang dau tu vao nguon nhan

luc de co lqi the canh tranh cao hon, lqi nhuan cao hon va hieu qua cao
hon. Chi phi cho giao due, dao tao, cham lo cho sure khoe nhan vien
duqc xem nhu mot hinh there dau tu. Quan tri nguon nhan luc the hien

mot triet ly hien dai, ton trong va danh gia cao vai trd cua con ngudi
trong cac to chuc.

1.1.2.Muc tieu va vai trd cua quan tri nguon nhan luc
1.1.2.1.Muc tieu cua quan tri nguon nhan luc
Muc tieu cua quan tri nguon nhan luc trong doanh nghiep nSm trong

he thong muc tieu cua doanh nghiep. Do la :

Muc tieu kinh te
Quan tri nguon nhan luc nhSm muc dich su dung co hieu qua nhat

sure lao dong nham tang nang suat lao dong, tao dibu kien lam tang lqi
nhuan cua doanh nghidp ; giam thieu chi phi kinh doanh sir dung lao

dong, dam bao chat luqng hang hoa va dich vu nhSm tang kha nang
chiem linh va md rong thi trudng, tang hieu qua cua hoat dong san xuat

kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep. Mat khac, doanh nghiep phai dam bao
thoa man lqi ich cua ngudi lao dong.

Muc tieu xa hoi
Doanh nghiep phai dap dng nhu cdu va thach there cua xa hoi.

Doanh nghiep phai tao cong an viec lam, giao due, dong vien ngudi lao
dong phat trien phu hop vdi su tien bo cua xa hoi. Hoat dong cua doanh

nghiep phai tuan thu phap luat. Doanh nghiep phai xac lap va giai quyet


LuAn van thac sy QTKD

6

Luu Binh Cong

thoa dang moi quan he giua to chiic cong doan va cac cA'p quan tri
doanh nghiep; bao ve va thoa man nhu cau va quyen lqi cua moi thanh

vien trong doanh nghiep cung nhu quyen lqi cua ban hang, cua ngudi
tieu dung trong xa hoi.

Muc tieu tiet kiem tai nguyen, bao ve moi truing
Tai nguyen dang dAn can kiet, moi trudng song dang ngay cang

xau di la van de mang tinh toan cau, la moi quan tAm chung cua toan
nhAn loai. Nhieu quoc gia tren the gidi da the che hoa van de nay thanh

luAt. Vi vAy, tiet kiem tai nguyen, bao ve moi trudng la mot muc tieu
ma cac doanh nghiep ngay nay phai quan tAm.

Muc tieu chinh tri

Doanh nghiep phai xAy dung duqc mot doi ngu nhung ngudi lao
dong co ky luat, co trinh do khoa hoc cao, cd phAm chat dao dire tot dap
ling yeu cau cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dA't nude.

1.1.2.2.Vai trd cua quan tri nguon nhan luc

Vai trd cua quan tri ngudn nhAn luc trong to chuc xuAt phat tir vai
trd quan trong cua con ngudi. Con ngudi la yeu to cau thanh nen to

chiic, vAn hanh to chiic va quyet dinh su thanh bai cua to chuc. Lao
dong la mot trong nhung yeu to co ban cua qua trinh san xuA't va la

nhAn to dong vai trd sang tao. Lao dong luon duqc coi la nhAn to cd y

nghia quyet dinh ddi vdi moi hoat dong cua doanh nghiep, doi vdi viec

sang tao ra va sir dung cac yeu to' khac cua qua trinh san xuA't. Vi vAy,

quan tri ngudn nhAn luc chinh la mot linh vuc quan trong cua quan ly
trong doanh nghiep, cd vai tro quyet dinh ddi vdi viec nAng cao hieu
qua san xuA't kinh doanh, tang kha nang canh tranh va thuc hien cac

muc tieu cua doanh nghiep.
Nhung
1.2.

doanh nghiep

noi dung chu yeu cua quan tri ngudn nhan luc trong


Luan van thac sy QTKD

7

Luu Binh Cong

Hoat dong chu yeu cua quan tri nguon nhan luc gom 3 nhom chuc

nang chinh: tuyen dung lao dong; duy tri va su dung nguon nhan; dao
tao va phat trien ngudn nhan luc.
1.2.1. Cong tac tuyen dung lao dong

1.2.1.1. Phan tich va thiet ke cong viec
-Phan tich cong viec

+Khai niem va y nghia cua phan tich cong viec
Phan tich cong viec la qua trinh danh gia noi dung cong viec bang

each xac dinh cac thong tin lien quan den tirng budc cong viec duqc
phan tich. Bude cong viec la mot don vi nhd nhat cua to chuc lao dong
duqc chia ra th nhung nhiem vu cu the. Bucrc cong viec do mot (mot so)
ngudi thuc hien tren mot (mot so) may moc, thiet bi hoac dung cu san

xuat nha't dinh. Cong viec cu the thudng bao gom mdt loat cac budc
cong viec khac nhau.
Phan tich cong viec cd cac y nghia co ban sau:

Thd nhat, tren co so mo ta cong viec cd the chi ra dac diem ky thuat

cua cong viec. Day la co so de xac dinh loai lao dong edn thiet de thuc
hien cong viec. Nhu the, chi cd the hoach dinh duqc ke hoach nguon

nhan luc cua doanh nghiep thong qua phan tich cong viec.

Thu hai, tir phan tich cong viec cho phep xac dinh noi dung, chuong
trinh dao tao, boi duong va phat trien doi ngu nhung ngudi lao dong

nham giup cho ho cd du kha nang dap ling yeu cau nhiem vu.

Thu ba, phan tich cong viec cho phep danh gia nhung yeu to cd hai
cho sue khoe, tao ra co so de xac dinh cac dieu kien can thiet de khac

phuc, loai true nhung anh hudng cd hai, cung cap trang thiet bi bao ho
lao dong can thiet cho ngudi lao dong.
Thic tu, phan tich cong viec tao ra cac thong tin co so khong the

thieu de tinh toan thu lao lao dong, hieu qua cong viec, thanh tich cua
ngudi lao dong khi tien hanh cong viec.

+Noi dung cua phan tich cong viec


Luan van thac sy QTKD

8

Luu Binh Cong

Khi phan tfch cong viec c^n xay dung duqc hai tai lieu ccf ban la ban

mo ta cong viec va ban tieu chuan cong viec. Ban mo ta cong viec la

van ban liet ke cac chdc nang, nhiem vu, cac moi quan he trong cong
chuan c£n dat duqc khi thuc hien cong viec. Ban mo ta cong viec giup ta

hieu duqc noi dung, yeu cau cua cong viec va hieu duqc quy£n han,

trach nhiem khi thuc hien cong viec. Ban tieu chuan cong viec la van

ban liet ke nhung yeu cau ve nang luc ca nhan nhu trinh do, hoc van,

kinh nghiem cong tac, kha nang giai quyet va'n de, cac ky nang khac va
cac dac diem ca nhan thich hop nhat cho cong viec. Ban tieu chuan
cong viec giup ta hieu duqc doanh nghiep c£n loai nhan vien nhu the

nao de thuc hien cong viec tot nha't.
Ban mo ta cong viec

Do dac thu ve quy mo, trinh do va each to chuc cua mOi doanh
nghiep nen trong thuc te khong co bieu mau thong nhat cho ban mo ta

cong viec. Tuy nhien, ban mo ta cong viec nen gom cac thOng tin dudi
day:

•Du kien tong quat : ten cong viec; ma so cong viec; cap bac cong

viec; nhan vien thuc hien cong viec; can bo lanh dao, giam sat; mdc tien
luong; ngucri lap va ngudi duyet ban mo ta cong viec.
•Ban cha't cong viec: mo ta tom tat thuc chat do la cong viec gi. Mdc

do quan trong cua cong viec trong mo'i tuong quan vdi cac cong viec
khac.
•Cac moi quan he trong thuc hien cong viec vdi nhung ngudi khac

trong va ngoai doanh nghiep.

•Chdc nang, trach nhiem trong cong viec : liet ke tdng chuc nang
nhiem vu chinh, giai thfch cac cong viec cu the can thuc hien trong
nhiem vu , trach nhiem chinh do.

Luan van thac sy QTKD

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Luu Binh Cong

•Quyen hanh cua ngudi thuc hien cong viec: xac dinh ro gidi han

hay pham vi quyen hanh trong cac quyet dinh ve mat tai chfnh, nhan su.
•Tieu chuan mSu danh gia thuc hien cong viec : cac chi tieu ve sd'

luqng, chat luqng, doanh so', muc tieu hao nguyen vat lieu...can dat
duqc.
•Dieu kien lam viec: liet ke nhung dieu kien lam viec dac biet nhu

ca ba, them gid, doc hai, muc do rui ro...

•Dieu khoan huan luyen va co hoi thang thudng: cSn chi ro nhan

vien thuc hien cong viec duqc huan luyen d dau, trong bao lau; cac ly
do thang thudng va cac tuyen thang thudng.
Ban tieu chuan cong viec
Do cac yeu cau cong viec rat da dang nen cac yeu cau chu yeu do'i
vdi nhan vien thuc hien cong viec cung rS't da dang. Nhung yeu to' chinh

cua bang tieu chuan cong viec thudng la: trinh do van hoa, chuyen mon,

trinh do ngoai ngu va cac ky nang khac co lien quan; kinh nghiem cong

nhan lien quan den thuc hien cong viec nhu tfnh trung thuc, kha nang

hoa dong, toe do nhanh nhen, kha nang phan doan, kha nang lanh dao,
tinh can than;...

+Thdng tin phuc vu cho phan tich cong viec
De phan tich cong viec duqc chinh xac, can phai thu thap duqc cac

loai thong tin sau day: cac thong tin ve cong viec cu the nhu do'i tuqng
thuc hien, cong viec can thuc hien, do phuc tap cua cong viec, cac yeu

cau ky thuat; cac thong tin ve quy trinh cong nghe de thuc hien cong
viec nhu each thirc tien hanh, may moc, trang thiet bi, dung cu, nguyen

vat lieu sir dung; thong tin ve tieu chuan danh gia, cac dinh mdc can
thiet ve lao dong, vat tu, su dung may moc, thiet bi; cac thong tin ve
dieu kien lam viec nhu tinh cha't doc hai , trang bi bao ho lao dong, tien


Luan van thac sy QTKD

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Luu Binh Cong

luong, che do lam viec; cac thong tin ve ngudi lao dong thuc hien cong

viec nhu doi hoi ve she khoe, trinh do tay nghe, hoc van, kinh nghiem.
+Phitang phap phan tich cong viec

Cac phuang phap phan tich cong viec

•Phuong phap tong hop : cong viec dupc phan tich theo trat tu dang
ca'p. Cac thao tac khac nhau dupc sap xep theo mot day tir don gian den

phtre tap. Cac thao tac co cung muc dp phtre tap se dupc xep vao cung

mot bac. Phuong phap nay tuy don gian song chi co the danh gia dupc o
dang khai quat, chua chu y den dac diem rieng cua tirng doanh nghiep,

chua xac dinh dupc khoang each giua cac mire do phtre tap khac nhau.
•Phuong phap phan tich: danh gia cu the mtre do phtre tap cua cong

viec thong qua danh gia do phtre tap cua tirng bo phan cong viec. Muon
vay, co the cho diem cu the cho mdi loai doi hoi cua cong viec. Tong so
diem cua mOi loai doi hoi cua cong viec cho cho biet yeu cau khac nhau

ve cac kien thuc chuyen mon can thiet, ve su kheo leo, ve trach

cu the. Cac thang bac diem khong nha't thiet phai tang theo ty le ma co
the tang tren hoac dudi ty le.
Cac phitctng phap thu thap thong tin phan tich cong viec

Co rat nhieu phuong phap thu thap thong tin phan tich cong viec .

No tuy thuoc vao tirng loai thong tin thu thap va tuy theo tirng doanh

nghiep. Sau day la mot so phuong phap pho bien:
•Bang cau hoi

Bang cau hoi dupc danh gia la phuong phap huu hieu nhat de thu
thap thong tin phan tich cong viec. Theo phuong phap nay, ca'p quan tri

giri cho ta't ca cac nhan vien nhung bang cau hoi da chuan bi san, trir
ca'p dieu hanh. Trong bang cau hoi nay, ngoai ten, tudi, phong ban, chiic

vu, cong nhan phai mb ta toan bo cac nhiem vu hoac muc dich cua cong
viec, kho'i lupng cong viec hoac so lupng san pham...Tuy nhien, phuong

phap nay co tro ngai va han che la cong nhan co the khong thich didn


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Luu Bmh Cong

vao nhung bang cau hoi mot each chi tiet va vi the se khong tra ldi cau

hoi day du. Ngoai ra, ca cong nhan lan cap dieu hanh deu khong co

nhiPu thdi gian de xu ly bang cau hoi.

•Quan sat tai nffi lam viec
Phuong phap nay dupe su dung chu yeu doi vdi cac cong viec doi
hoi ky nang bang tay chan, nhu cac cong nhan true tiep san xuat. Doi

vcfi cac cong viec bang tri oc thi phuong phap nay la khong du. Quan sat
tai noi lam viec cho phep cac nha phan rich chi ra day du va chi tiet thdi

gian, muc dp thuong xuyen, tinh phde tap cua cac nhiem vu, thong tin

ve dieu kien lam viec cua cac may mdc, dung cu, nguyen vat lieu su
dung trong qua trinh lam viec. Tuy nhien, phuong phap quan sat cd the

cung ca'p nhung thong tin thieu chinh xac do gap phai va'n de tarn ly cua
nhan vien khi biet minh bi quan sat.

•Phong van
Phong van cd the thuc hien true tiep vdi tilng ca nhan, vdi nhom

nhan vien hoac vdi nha quan tri. Phuong phap nay rat huu hieu khi muc
dich cua phan tfch cong viec la xay dung tieu chuan mau danh gia nang

luc thuc hien cong viec cua nhan vien, xac dinh nhu cau dao tao va xac
dinh gia tri cua cong viec. Phong va'n cho phep phat hien nhieu thong

tin vP cac hoat dong va cac mo'i quan he trong phan rich cong viec ma

cac phuong phap khac khong the tim ra. Nhuqc diem cua phuong phap
nay la ngudi duqc phong van cd the cung ca'p cac thong tin sai lech hoac
khong muon tra ldi day du cac cau hoi, do suy nghi rang cd the se cd su

thay doi co ca'u to chirc, tinh gian bien che, nang cao dinh muc...Them

vao do, phong va'n doi hoi can bo thu thap thong tin phai ton nhieu thdi
•Phitang phap ghi chep nhat ky
Trong mot so trudng hop, ngudi thu thap thong tin yeu cau nhan
vien ghi lai, mo ta lai cac hoat dong hang ngay trong mot cud'n so. Nhd

do ma va'n de nhan vien phong dai tarn quan trong cua cong viec minh


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Luu Binh Cong

lam o cac phuong phap trudc se giai quyet duqc do thu duqc cac thong

tin theo su kien thuc te. Nhuqc diem cua phuong phap nay la viec ghi
chep kho dam bao duqc lien tuc va nha't quan.

•Bang danh sack kiem tra
Day la danh sach cac muc co lien quan tori cong viec. Thudng ca

nhan ngudi dam nhan cong viec hoac ca'p quan tri true tiep cua ho duqc
yeu cau kiem tra xem mdi muc co ap dung cho cong viec dang can kiem

tra hay khong. Danh sach kiem tra ra't huu dung vi cac ca nhan rat dd tra
•Phitcmg phap chuyen gia
Cac chuyen gia, nhung ngudi am hieu cong viec duqc mdi tdi du hoi
thao de thao luan ve cac edng viec can tim hieu. Du diem cua phuong

phap la bo sung duqc nhung thong tin ve cong viec ma ngudi nghidn
curu khong thu tha'p duqc tir cac phuong phap tren. Nhuqc diem cua no

la ton nhieu thdi gian, chi phi.
•Phoi hap cac phicang phap

Thong thudng, cac nha phan tfch khong dung mot phuong phap don
thudn. Ho thudng pho'i hop cac phuong phap vdi nhau. Chang han, muon

phan tich cong viec cua nhan vien hanh chinh, ho cd the su dung bang

cau hoi, pho'i hop vdi phong va'n va quan sat them. Khi nghien cuu cac

cong viec san xua't, ho dung phuong phap phong va'n pho'i hop vdi
phuong phap quan sat...
-Thiet ke cong viec
+Khai niem thiet ke cong viec
Thiet ke cong viec la tong hop cac hoat dong xac dinh noi dung,
each thde thuc hien cong viec, cac tieu chuan ve hieu biet, ky nang,

nang luc cung nhu cac yeu to' can thiet khac de thuc hien cong viec mot
each cd hieu qua tai mot noi lam viec xac dinh.

+Muc dich cua thiet ke cong viec


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Luu Binh Cong

Thiet ke cong viec phai nham tra ldi cac cau hoi: muc tieu phai dat

la gi? cac thao tac cu the la gi? can co cac dieu kien cu the gi de thuc
hien cong viec mot each co hieu qua?

+Nhung nhan to anh hudng den thiet ke cong viec

De thiet ke cong viec cu the, phai chu y den nhung nhan to anh

hudng de'n no nhu: co cau san xuat va nguyen tac xay dung co cau san
xuat; muc do chuyen mon hoa can dat; may moc thiet bi va phuong tien

duqc trang bi tai noi lam viec; trinh do, nang luc cua ngudi lao dong
duqc dao tao d thi trudng lao dong;...

-Thiet ke lai cong viec

Thie't ke' lai cong viec la qua trinh nghien cuu, thay doi cong viec
theo nhung tieu chuan ve hieu biet, ky nang, nang luc va cac yeu to can

thie't khac de thuc hien tot hon cong viec hoac tang dong co lam viec

cua ngudi lao dong.
Qua phan tich cong viec se danh gia duqc nhung bat hop ly cua cong
viec cung nhu sue y cua ngudi lao dong khi thuc hien cong viec; chi ra
nhung ye'u to anh hudng xau de'n sue khoe va su an toan cua ngudi lao

dong; xac dinh nhung bat cap cua cong viec vdi trinh do lao dong va
trang thie't bi da thay doi;...de thiet ke' lai cong viec mot each hop ly,

khoa hoc. Day chinh la dieu kien de khong ngilng hoan thien cong tac
t6 chdc lao dong khoa hoc trong doanh nghiep.

1.2.1.2. Hoach dinh nguon nhan luc

-Khai niem va muc dich cua hoanh dinh nguon nhan luc
Bat ky to chuc, doanh nghiep nao cung co nhung muc tieu mang tarn

chie'n luqc, de thuc hien cac muc tieu do can phai cd con ngudi. Noi

mot each don gian, hoach dinh chie'n luqc kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep
khong the tach khoi hoach dinh chie’n luqc nguon nhan luc de dap ung

cac muc tieu cua chie'n luqc kinh doanh. Hoach dinh nguon nhan luc la
qua trinh xac dinh mot each cd he tho'ng nhung yeu cdu ve so' luqng,


Lu&n van thac sy QTKD

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Luu Binh Cong

cha't lupng lao dong theo co ca'u nganh nghe dap ling yeu c^u cua doanh

nghiep o mdi thdi ky kinh doanh.

-Nhung noi dung chu yeu cua hoach dinh nguon nhan luc
+Phan tich hien trang nguon nhan luc trong doanh nghiep

Can cii muc tieu, nhiem vu cua doanh nghiep va tirng bo phan trong

doanh nghiep, phuong an phat trien cua doanh nghiep trong tuong lai,
nang luc tai chinh cua doanh nghiep. Kha nang nhan luc hien tai chu
yeu dupe xac dinh dua vao viec thong ke, danh gia lai nguon nhan luc

hien cd, loai trur nhung bien dong co the du kien trudc, nhu cho di dao

tao, thuyen chuyen, huu tri,... Phan tich hien trang nguon nhan luc phai

danh gia dupe cac yeu to' : so' lupng, co ca'u, trinh do, ky nang nghe
nghiep, kha nang hoan thanh nhiem vu va cac pham cha't khac cua dpi

ngu lao dong hien tai cua doanh nghiep.
+Du bao nhu cau lao dong

Nhu cau lao dong dupe xac dinh ca ve so lupng va cha't lupng khong
chi thoa man cho hien tai ma phai du tinh viec dap dng cho ca tuong lai.

Nhu cdu phai dupe xac dinh theo mot co ca'u lao dong to'i uu.
Tren co so muc tieu, nhiem vu va phuong an phat trien cua doanh

nghiep trong tuong lai; ket qua phan tich, danh gia nguon nhan luc hien
tai de du bao nhu cau lao dong cua doanh nghiep.

Du bao nhu cau lao dong cua doanh nghiep dua tren co so cac thong
tin: khoi lupng cong viec cSn thiet phai thuc hien; trinh do trang bi ky

thuat va kha nang thay doi ve cong nghe; su thay doi ve co ca'u to chuc;
co ca'u nganh nghe, yeu cau cha't lupng san pham , dich vu; kha nang tai

chinh cua doanh nghiep; tinh trang nguon nhan luc hien tai;...
Trong thuc te, cac to chirc, doanh nghiep thudng ap dung cac phuong
phap du bao nhu cau nhan vien sau:
Phuang phap phan tich xu huang\ nghien cuu nhu cau nhan vien

trong cac nam qua de du bao nhu cdu nhan vien giai doan tori.
Phuong phap nay mang tinh dinh hudng, kern chinh xac do du bao


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Luu Binh Cong

chi dua vao yeu to thdi gian va xu hudng phat tridn chung, thudng
chi ap dung cho nhung noi cd tinh hinh san xuat, kinh doanh on
dinh.
Phitang phap phan tich titang quan: du bao nhu cau nhan vien bang

each su dung he so tuong quan giua mot dai lupng ve quy mo san

xua't kinh doanh va so lupng nhan vien edn thiet tuong ung. Phuong
phap nay kern chinh xac do khong tinh den thay doi ve co cau cha't

luong nhan vien va su thay doi cong nghe, to chuc ky thuat cua
doanh nghiep.

Phitang phap theo danh gid cua cac chuyen gia: Phuong phap nay sir

dung rong rai trong thuc tidn va co vai trd quan trong trong du bao
nhan vien. Cac chuyen gia du bao nhu cau nhan vien tren co so danh
gia, phan tich anh hudng cua cac yeu to' moi trudng va kha nang

thich ung cua doanh nghiep trong viec nang cao chat lupng cua cac

san pham, dich vu.

+Phan tich quan he cung cau lao dong
Can do'i giua nhu c£u va kha nang nhan su, thudng xay ra ba trudng
hop sau: nhu cau = kha nangteung = c^u); nhu cau > kha nang (cung >

cau); nhu cau < kha nang (cung < cdu). Vdi mdi trudng hop, doanh

nghiep se co nhung chinh sach va ke hoach ung xu thich hop.
+Xay dutng chinh sach, chitang trinh, ke hoach thu hut lao dong

Cac chinh sach dupe ap dung thudng gan lien vdi viec cai tien he
tho'ng to chuc, sap xep, bo' tri hop ly lao dong, cac chinh sach ve xa hoi
do'i vdi ngudi lao dong nhu: boi thudng, dao tao, huu tri, thang tien,
thuyen chuydn,...
Ke hoach thuc hien chia lam hai trudng hop: thieu lao dong va thira

lao dong. Trudng hop thieu lao dong, neu thieu ve so' lupng thi can xay
dung ke hoach tuyen dung tir ben ngoai, neu thieu ve cha't can bo tri sap

xep lai, thuyen chuyen, dao tao boi duong them. Trudng hop thira lao


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dong, cd the ap dung cac bien phap han che tuyen dung, giam gid lam,

giam bien che, nghi viec tarn thdi, nghi huu sdm,...
1.2.1.3. To chuc kiem tra va tuyen chon lao dong

-Muc dich cua viec kiem tra
Day la mot budc quan trong nham kiem tra viec trien khai thuc hien

cac muc tieu, noi dung da duqc hoach dinh trong ke hoach nguon nhan
luc; danh gia tien trinh, mtrc do dat duqc o mdi giai doan, cac sai lech

gitia ke hoach va thuc hien tur do dieu chinh ke hoach cho phu hop.
-Nguon tuyen chon va phuong phap tuyen chon

+Nguon tuyen chon
Nguon noi bo

Nhieu doanh nghiep nd luc phat trien nhan vien tir cap thap nha't cua

ho cho den nhung vi tri cao hon khac nhau trong to chtrc, viec do
thudng duqc tien hanh nhd he thong quan ly nhan su o xi nghiep. Viec

tuye’n chon tir noi bo co tac dung khuyen khfch nhan vien boi dudng, tu
bdi dudng; cd duqc doi ngu nhan vien cd kien thuc ve doanh nghiep, cd

long trung thanh vdi doanh nghiep; cd d^y du thong tin ve nhan vien;

tiet kiem duqc chi phi tuydn chon. Tuy nhien, cung cd nhung han che
nhu khong thu hut duqc nhung ngudi cd trinh do cao ngoai doanh

nghiep; cd the’ gay nen hien tuqng chai ly, xo cdng do nhan vien rap
khuon theo each lam viec cu, thieu sang tao.

Nguon ben ngoai

Nguon lao dong o thi trudng ben ngoai cd cac dang sau: nhung
ngudi tu den doanh nghiep de xin viec; nhung ngudi do cac trung tarn

dao tao nhu cac trudng day nghe, cao dang, dai hoc gidi thieu; nhung
ngudi la ban be cua nhan vien, cac nhan vien cu cua doanh nghiep, nhan

vien cua cac hang khac;...
+Phuong phap tuyen chon
Cd rat nhieu phuong phap tuyen chon lao dong tir nguon ben ngoai
doanh nghiep. Cac phuong phap chu yeu la: quang cao tren cac phuong


Luan van thac

sv

OTKD

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Luu Binh Cong

tien thong tin dai chung; cu chuyen vien den cac trudng dao tao chuyen
nganh phu hop; thong qua cac co quan tuyen dung lao dong; sinh vien

thuc tap tai doanh nghiep ; nhd nhan vien trong gidi thieu...
-Quy trinh tuyen chon

Quy trinh tuyen dung cua cac doanh nghiep thudng duoc tien hanh
theo cac budc sau:

Bude 1: Chuan bi tuyen dung
Trong budc nay phai tien hanh nhung viec sau:

-Thanh lap hoi dong tuyen dung, quy dinh ro ve so luong, thanh
phan va quyen han cua hoi dong tuyen dung.

-Nghien cuu ky cac loai van ban, quy dinh cua Nha nudc va to chdc,
doanh nghiep lien quan den tuyen dung
-Xac dinh tieu chuan tuyen chon, bieu hien d ba khfa canh : tieu
chuan chung doi vdi doanh nghiep; tieu chuan cua phong ban, bo phan

co sd; tieu chuan doi vdi ca nhan thuc hien cong viec. Tieu chuan doi
vdi ca nhan thuc hien cong viec la tieu chuan da duoc liet ke trong ban

tieu chuan cong viec.

Budc 2: Thong bao tuyen dung
Cac doanh nghiep co the ap dung mot hoac ket hop cac hinh thUc
thong bao tuyen dung nhu: quang cao tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai

chung; thong qua cac trung tam dich vu lao dong; yet bang tai co quan;
thong qua cac trudng, cac trung tam dao tao.

Thong bao nen ngan gon, chi tiet va day du nhung thong tin co ban

cho ung vien nhu yeu cau vS trinh do, kien thuc, ky nang, pham cha't,
dac diem ca nhan. Rieng vdi hinh thUc quang cao, can luu y cac noi
dung: quang cao ve doanh nghiep, cong viec de ngudi xin viec hieu ro

hon ve doanh nghiep va tinh hap dan cua cong viec; cac chuc nang,

trach nhiem, nhiem vu chinh trong cong viec; quyen loi cua cac ung
vien neu trung tuyen nhu luong bong dai ngo, co hoi duoc dao tao,
thang tien; cac hudng dan ve thu tuc, ho so va cach thuc lien he.


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BuOc 3: Thu nhan, nghien cuu ho so
Tat ca moi ho so xin viec deu phai ghi so, co phan loai chi tiet de su

dung sau nay. De co the chuyen nghiep hoa hoat dong tuyen dung, mOi
doanh nghiep nen co bo ho so mau rieng cho thng loai ung vien vao cac
chuc vu khac nhau nhu cong nhan truc tiep san xua't, nhan vien hanh

chfnh, can bo chuyen mon, quan ly.
Nghien cuu ho so nham ghi nhan cac thong tin chu ye'u ve Ung vien,

bao gom hoc van, kinh nghiem, cac qua trinh cong tac; kha nang tri
thUc; suc khoe; mUc do lanh nghe, su kheo leo ve tay chan; tfnh tinh,

dao duc, tinh cam, nguyen vong...
Nghien cuu ho so de loai bOt mot so Ung vien hoan toan khong dap

Ung duqc yeu cSu cong viec, khong c£n lam tiep cac thu tuc tie'p theo,
giam bOt chi phi tuyen dung cho doanh nghiep.

BuOc 4: Phong van so bo
Phong va'n so bo thudng chi keo dai 5--1O phut, duqc su dung nham

loai bo ngay nhung ung vien khong du tieu chuan hoac ye'u kem ro ret

hon nhung ung vien khac ma nghien cuu ho so khong the nhan ra.
BuOc 5: Kiem tra, trac nghiem
Ap dung cac hinh thuc kiem tra, trac nghiem va phong va'n ung vien
nham chon duqc cac ung vien xua't sac nha't. Cac bai kiem tra thudng

duqc su dung de danh gia ung vien ve cac kie'n thuc co ban, kha nang
thuc hanh.

BuOc 6: Phong van lan hai
Phong va'n duqc su dung de tim hieu, danh gia ung vien ve moi

phuong dien nhu kinh nghiem, trinh do, cac dac diem ca nhan nhu tfnh
cach, khf cha't, kha nang hoa dong va nhung pham chat ca nhan thich
hqp cho to chuc, doanh nghiep...

BuOc 7: Xac minh, dieu tra
Xac minh, dieu tra la qua trinh lam sang to them nhung dieu chua ro
do'i vOi ung vien co trie’n vong tot. Thong qua tie'p xuc vOi dong nghiep ,

Luan van thac sy QTKD___________ 19____________ Luu Binh Cong
ban be, thay co giao hoac vdi lanh dao cu cua ung vien. Cong tac xac
minh, dieu tra se cho biet them ve trinh do, kinh nghiem, tinh each cua

ung vien. Doi vdi mot so cong viec doi hoi tinh an ninh cao, cd the xac
minh them ve nguon go'c, ly lich gia dinh cua ung vien.

Bude 8: Kham sue khoe
Dii cd dap ling day du cac yeu to ve trinh do hoc van, hieu bie't, ky
nang, tu each, nhung ne'u sue khoe khong dam bao thl khong nen tuyen

dung. NhAn mdt benh nhan vao doanh nghiep khong nhung khong dam
bao ve chat luong cong viec, hieu qua ve kinh te' ma con gay ra rat

nhieu phien toai ve mat phap ly cho doanh nghiep.
Bude 9: Ra quye't dinh tuyen dung
Ra quye’t dinh tuyen chon hay loai bo ling vien la budc quan trong

nhat. De nang cao muc do chinh xac cua cac quye't dinh tuyen chon, can

xem xet mot each he thong cac thong tin ve ting vien. Cach thuc ra
quye't dinh tuyen chon cung anh hudng tdi muc do chinh xac cua tuyen

chon. Do do hoi dong tuyen chon can tho'ng nhat trudc each thuc ra
quye't dinh tuye’n chon
Budc 10: Ky hop dong lao dong

Sau khi doanh nghiep va cac ting vien duqc tuyen chon da tho'ng

luong bong, dai ngo, dao tao, huan luyen...se di de’n budc tie'p theo la

ky hop dong lao dong. Doanh nghiep can can cd bien phap de ngudi lao
dong mdi mau chong hoa nhap mdi trudng lam viec.
Trong thuc te', cac budc va noi dung trinh tu tuyen dung cd the thay
doi linh boat, tnam chi cd the them hoac bdt vai budc. Dieu nay phu

thuoc vao yeu cau, dac die’m cua doanh nghiep, trinh do cua hoi dong
tuyen chon.

-Bank gid hieu qua cua edng tac tuyen chon
Trong qua trinh tuyen dung, cd bon kha nang cd the xay ra cho mdi

ung vien theo so do sau: