phonegap 2.x mobile application development

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PhoneGap 2.x
Mobile Application
Development
HOTSH T
Create exciting apps for mobile devices using PhoneGap

Kerri Shotts

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

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PhoneGap 2.x Mobile Application
Development HOTSH T
Copyright © 2013 Packt Publishing

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First published: February 2013

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Credits
Author

Project Coordinator

Kerri Shotts

Abhishek Kori

Reviewers

Proofreader

Steve Husting

Sandra Hopper

Johnathan Iannotti
Indexers

Tony Pye

Hemangini Bari
Tejal Soni

Acquisition Editor
Aarthi Kumaraswamy

Graphics
Aditi Gajjar

Lead Technical Editor
Sweny M. Sukumaran

Production Coordinator
Technical Editor

Manu Joseph

Nitee Shetty
Cover Work
Manu Joseph

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About the Author
Kerri Shotts has been programming since she learned BASIC on her Commodore 64.

She earned her degree in Computer Science and has worked as a Test Engineer and Database
Administrator. Now, a Technology Consultant, she helps her clients with custom websites,
apps (desktop and mobile), and more. When not at the computer, she enjoys photography
and taking care of her aquariums.

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About the Reviewers
Steve Husting has been involved in the creation of iPhone and Android apps for several

years. During daytime he helps manage the website for his employer’s company and at night
he creates iPhone and Android apps to publish his Christian works for the public. He keeps
up a hybrid app blogging website, , to publish his
findings and store his notes about all things, PhoneGap/Cordova-related. He met the author
of this book on the PhoneGap Google Groups forum, and was deeply appreciative of the
breadth of her knowledge and ability to convey it to others.

Johnathan Iannotti is a software engineer and geek on an epic journey of life. He’s loved
technology since he was young, writing Atari BASIC programs and surfing BBS’s into the
morning hours. Over the years, his passion for technology evolved with the web and later
into mobile apps built with both native and web technologies.

His experience spans the financial, healthcare, and military industries. He has held positions

with the federal government, digital agencies, medical manufacturers, EMR providers, and
financial institutions throughout North America. He is also a Combat Veteran having served
multiple tours of duty and almost a decade in the U.S. Army.
He spends his free time innovating, creating Arduino gadgets, mobile apps, and riding his
motorcycle through the Texas Hill Country.
You can follow him on Twitter @notticode or visit his website at www.johnforhire.com.

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Tony Pye has over 10 years of experience in producing web-based solutions.

He strives to keep ahead of rapidly evolving web technologies in order to be able
to offer innovative solutions.
His passion is for matching the business goals with innovative use of technology. As head
of digital production at INK Digital Agency, guiding clients through the complex digital
world and integrating digital marketing with internal business systems is his specialty.
Liaising with the creative and user experience team members, meeting clients,
presenting ideas, and help define goals is just part of his normal day at INK.
Some of the solutions he has helped to produce have delivered exciting results for
companies including Ballymore, Morrisons, Renault, Tarmac, Aviva, LA fitness, and
the University of Leeds.
He has also worked on a number of other books as the technical reviewer, including
Pro HTML5 Programming, Apress and The Definitive Guide to HTML5 WebSocket,
Apress (not yet published).
I’d like to thank my beautiful wife for her support and patience with me during
the often long nights. Her fantastic coffee-making skills were certainly put to
great use. Thanks darling!

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Table of Contents
Preface
Project 1: Let's Get Local!

What do we build?
Designing the app – UI/interactions
Designing the data model
Implementing the data model
Implementing the start view
Implementing our game view
Implementing the end view
Putting it all together
Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge

Project 2: Let's Get Social!

What do we build?
Designing the app – UI/interaction design
Designing the app – the data model
Implementing the data model
Configuring the plugins
Implementing the social view
Implementing the tweet view
Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge

Project 3: Being Productive

1
9

9
14
20
23
34
41
54
58
67
68

69

69
72

76
77
86
93
101
108
108

109

What do we build?
Designing the user interface
Designing the data model
Implementing the data models

109
110
113
115

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Table of Contents

Implementing documents view
Implementing the file view
Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge

125
136
141
141

Project 4: Let's Take a Trip

143

Project 5: Talking to Your App

171

Project 6: Say Cheese!

207

Project 7: Let's Go to the Movies!

235

What do we build?
Designing our UI and the look and feel
Designing our data model
Implementing our data model
Changing our document manager
Implementing our map view
Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge
What do we build?

Designing the user interface and the look and feel
Designing the data model
Implementing the data model
Implementing gesture support
Implementing the main view
Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge
What do we build?
Designing the user interface and the look and feel
Designing the data model
Implementing the document view
Implementing the image view
Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge
What do we build?
Preparing for the video thumbnail plugin
Implementing the video thumbnail plugin for iOS
Implementing the video thumbnail plugin for Android
Integrating with the video thumbnail plugin
Implementing recording and importing of video
Implementing video playback

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143
145
149
151

157
159
168
169
171
172
175
177
185
194
206
206
207
209
211
213
230
233
234
235
237
240
247
251
253
256


Table of Contents

Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge

259
260

Project 8: Playing Around

261

Project 9: Blending In

293

Project 10: Scaling Up

317

Appendix A: Quick Design Pattern Reference

339

What do we build?
Designing the game
Implementing the options view
Generating levels
Drawing to the canvas
Keeping up
Performing updates
Handling touch-based input

Handling the accelerometer
Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge
What do we build?
Installing the plugins
Adding the navigation bar
Adding the tab bar
Adding the ActionSheet
Adding the message box
Adding the picker
Adding the e-mail composer
Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge
What do we build?
Designing the scaled-up UI
Implementing the scaled-up UI
Designing the split-view UI
Implementing the split-view UI
Game Over..... Wrapping it up
Can you take the HEAT? The Hotshot Challenge
The navigation list
The grid
Carousel 1
Carousel 2

261
263
266
271
276

279
280
284
286
289
291
293
294
298
304
308
310
312
314
316
316
317
318
321
326
328
337
338
340
341
342
343

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Table of Contents

The login screen
The sign-up form
The table
The list of choices
Doing things in bulk
Searching
Some things to keep in mind
Summary

344
346
347
349
350
351
353
354

Appendix B: Installing ShareKit 2.0
Index

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355
365


Preface
Developing apps for mobile devices can be done using many different approaches and
languages. Many apps are developed natively; meaning that they are developed in Java,
Objective C, or some other language natively understood by the SDK available for the
device. While native development allows the greatest flexibility and performance, the
problem arises when you want to move an app from one platform to another: suddenly
you're writing the app nearly from scratch. Then if you want to move to another platform,
the same thing occurs. There's got to be a better way!
All current mobile platforms support the idea of web apps. These are applications coded
entirely in HTML and JavaScript. For simple apps, or for apps that don't need to interact
with the device's capabilities, this works just fine. But the moment you need to access the
file system, work with the camera, and so on, you start needing more access to the device.
This is where PhoneGap comes in. PhoneGap (built on Cordova) wraps your HTML and
JavaScript with just enough of a native app to let your web app feel more at home on the
device. This wrapper is different for each platform, but exposes common capabilities in a
consistent way. This helps you to write less code across multiple platforms.
Since PhoneGap is wrapping your HTML and your JavaScript in a native shell, you also gain
the ability to submit your app to the platform's app store—something you can't do with just
a simple web app. Keep in mind, though, that most app stores want your app to look and feel
something like a native app, and some are more strict than others when it comes to how the
app should look and feel. Furthermore, don't just wrap your existing website that is hosted on
some other server—many app stores will reject these kind of apps. Your app needs to have
local HTML and JavaScript that supports the UI and interacts with the device.
Which is where this book comes in. While we're using PhoneGap as the shell and the
interface to some of the more interesting device abilities, we're not just repeating the
PhoneGap documentation, either. Instead, there are full apps; each one designed to take

advantage of one or more features of the device, yes, but also fully functioning apps.

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Preface
This book will hopefully show you how to take PhoneGap and make interesting, even exciting
apps that are also cross platform. While we focus only on iOS and Android, the techniques
within this book can be easily extended to BlackBerry, Windows Phone, and others with
minor modifications.

What this book covers
Project 1, Let's Get Local!, introduces us to PhoneGap with a simple quiz game. We'll also be

introduced to app localization by making the game available in English as well as in Spanish.
We'll also be introduced to the simple framework we'll be using for the rest of the book.
Project 2, Let's Get Social!, helps us develop a simple social app that displays feeds from

select Twitter accounts. We'll cover plugin installation into PhoneGap, for when we need
access to native functionality that PhoneGap doesn't supply.
Project 3, Being Productive, introduces us to an app, which like most apps needs to work

with the file system for persistent data storage. It is a simple note-taking app and will allow
us to fully explore creating, renaming, copying, and deleting files.
Project 4, Let's Take a Trip, helps us build an app that records the location of a user over a given

period of time. This will require access to the GPS functionality of the device. We'll also need to
use Google Maps. We'll build further on the file management introduced in Project 3.
Project 5, Talk to Your App, helps us create an app that will record voice memos, and allow

the user to play them back at will. Along the way we'll integrate with PhoneGap's audio
capture and playback APIs.

Project 6, Say Cheese!, covers how to display thumbnails in a memory-efficient manner as

display and capture of media is critically important in most apps. We'll also interface with
the device's camera and photo gallery.

Project 7, Let's Go to the Movies!, is much like Project 6, only here we're dealing with video.

We'll be introduced to playing video on iOS and Android (each very different), and we'll also
be tasked with recording video. Finally, we'll write our first plugin to extract a thumbnail
from the video for display in the app.
Project 8, Playing Around, introduces us to a simple game that uses the HTML5 canvas to play

a simple game, as there are plenty of apps that do something important, sometimes we just
want to have fun. We'll also work with the device's accelerometer.
Project 9, Blending In, takes an app previously developed and applies native components

on to it so that it looks and feels more like a native app, because sometimes we just want
to blend in. While this project is tailored specifically for iOS, you can use the concepts for
other platforms.
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Preface

Project 10, Scaling Up, introduces us to the concept of detecting a tablet, since so far each

app in this book has been tailored for a phone-sized device but tablets are quite prolific as
well. We will also get acquainted with the common design patterns used to scale our app up
to a tablet-sized device.
Appendix A, Quick Design Pattern Reference, covers some of the common design patterns

used in mobile apps.

Appendix B, Installing ShareKit 2.0, covers all the steps necessary to integrate ShareKit 2.0

with with your projects, because integrating it with iOS can get a bit painful at times.

What you need for this book
To build/run the code supplied for the book, the following software is required (divided by
platform where appropriate):
Windows

Linux

OS X

For iOS Apps
IDE

XCode 4.5+

OS

OS X 10.7+

SDK

iOS 5+

For Android Apps
IDE

Eclipse 4.x Classic

Eclipse 4.x Classic

Eclipse 4.x Classic

OS

XP or newer

Any modern distro
supporting Eclipse
and Android SDK—
Ubuntu, RHEL, and
so on.

OS X 10.6+
(probably works on
lower versions)

Java

1.6 or higher

1.6 or higher

1.6 or higher

SDK

Version 15+

Version 15+

Version 15+

Apache Cordova /
PhoneGap

2.2

2.2

2.2

Plugins

Current

Current

Current

Version Control*

Git (Appdx B)

Git (Appdx B)

Git (Appdx B)

For All Platforms

* Used only for installation of the ShareKit 2.0 plugin in Appendix B.

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Preface
Websites that can be useful for downloads are as follows:
ff

Xcode: />
ff

iOS SDK: />
ff

Eclipse: />
ff

Android SDK: />
ff

Apache Cordova/PhoneGap: />
ff

Plugins: />
ff

Git: />
Who this book is for
This book is for any developer who has a good sense of how to develop with HTML and
JavaScript but wants to move into mobile app development. The developer should know
how to write HTML and have a reasonable understanding of JavaScript. The developer
should also be comfortable with setting up a development environment such as Eclipse
or Xcode.
This book is also for any native developer who is looking for a way to create apps that can
span multiple platforms with limited modifications. PhoneGap is a great tool with which
you can build a single HTML/JavaScript codebase that works across many platforms.
The examples in this book specifically use PhoneGap 2.2.

Conventions
In this book, you will find several headings appearing frequently.
To give clear instructions of how to complete a procedure or task, we use:

What do we build?
This section explains what you will build.

What does it do?
This section explains what the project will achieve.

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Preface

Why is it great?
This section explains why the project is cool, unique, exciting, and interesting. It describes
what advantage the project will give you.

How are we going to do it?
This section explains the major tasks required to complete your project.
ff

Task 1

ff

Task 2

ff

Task 3

ff

Task 4, and so on

What do I need to get started?
This section explains any pre-requisites for the project, such as resources or libraries that
need to be downloaded, and so on.

Task 1
This section explains the task that you will perform.

Getting Ready
This section explains any preliminary work that you may need to do before beginning work
on the task.

Getting on with it
This section lists the steps required in order to complete the task.

What did we do?
This section explains how the steps performed in the previous section allow us to complete
the task.

What else do I need to know
The extra information in this section is relevant to the task.

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Preface
In this book, you will also find a number of styles of text that distinguish between
different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation
of their meaning.

Code words in text are shown as follows: "The addTranslation method adds a translation
to a specific locale."
A block of code is set as follows:
self.addAnswer = function( theAnswer )
{
self.answers.push ( theAnswer );
return self;
}

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines
or items are set in bold:
<div class="navigationBar">
<div id="gameView_title"></div>
id="gameView_backButton" style="left:10px"></button>
</div>

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen,

in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: " To the left of the text
is a Back button."
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tips and tricks appear like this.

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Preface

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Preface

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Project 1
Let's Get Local!
There are a lot of languages in the world, and chances are good that you want your app to

have the widest possible use and distribution, which means that you will need to provide your
app with the ability to be multilingual. This can be a thorny task; a lot goes in to localization,
translations, currency formats, date formats, and so on. But thankfully, there are some very
smart people out there who have already worked through a lot of the pain involved. Now it's
up to us to put that work to good use.

What do we build?
The project that we will create is a simple game entitled Quiz Time! The game will essentially
ask the player ten random questions in their native language and then tally and present their
score when the game is finished. At the end, the app will ask the user if they want to try again
as well.
The app itself will serve to introduce you to creating mobile apps using a simple framework
named YASMF (Yet Another Simple Mobile Framework). There are a multitude of fantastic
frameworks out there (jQuery Mobile, jQuery Touch, iUI, Sencha Touch, and so on.), but the
point of this book isn't to show you how to use a particular framework; rather, the point is to
show you how to use PhoneGap to do some amazing things. The framework you choose to use
ultimately doesn't really matter that much—they all do what they advertise—and our using a
custom framework isn't intended to throw you off-kilter in any fashion. The main reason for
using this particular custom framework is that it's very lightweight and simple, which means
the concepts it uses will be easy to transfer to any framework. For more information regarding
the framework, please visit />
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Let's Get Local!
The app itself will also serve as a foundation to creating localized apps in the future.
Localization is absolutely critical to get right, even in the beginning stages of development,
which is why we start with it here, and why we assign it such importance. In essence, this
first project is intended to make the rest of your app development career easier.

What does it do?
As an app, Quiz Time! is pretty simple. There are only three screens, and only one of them is
remotely complex. The game has ten built-in questions that it will randomly ask of the player.
If the question is correct, the player is notified, and their score is increased by an arbitrarily
large number. This is to show that we correctly handle the display of numbers in the player's
locale. If the question is incorrect, we also notify the user, and then decrement their score.
If they get enough questions wrong, they'll end up in negative territory, which is another
great test for our localization skills.
Once the game is over, we'll display the score and the date to the player, along with the
opportunity to try again. If the player does elect to try again, we'll reset everything and
start the game over.

Why is it great?
You'll be primarily learning two things: building a simple game in PhoneGap, and localizing
that app from the very beginning. A lot of projects forget about localization until near the
end of the project, and then the poor developers find out that it is very difficult to shoehorn
localization in after most of the project has already been developed. For example, the space
assigned to some text might turn out to be too small for certain languages, or the images used
as buttons or other widgets might not be large enough to hold the localized text. The app itself
might crash in a certain language because it didn't expect to receive any non-English characters.
By implementing localization at the start of your app development, you'll be saving yourself a
lot of effort down the road, even if the first release of your app is only localized to one locale.
You'll often see the word Cordova in our code examples in this book.
PhoneGap was recently acquired by Adobe and the underlying code was
given to the Apache Incubator project. This project is named Cordova,
and PhoneGap utilizes it to provide its various services. So if you see
Cordova, it really means the same thing for now.

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Project 1

How are we going to do it?
We're going to follow the typical development cycle: design, implement, and test the app.
Our design phase won't just include the user interface, but also the data model, that is, how
our questions are stored and retrieved. The implementation will focus on our three stages
of the app: the start view, the game view, and the end view. After implementation, we'll test
the app not only to make sure it properly handles localization but also to make sure that the
game works correctly.
Here's the general outline:
ff

Designing the app, UI/interactions

ff

Designing the data model

ff

Implementing the data model

ff

Implementing the start view

ff

Implementing the game view

ff

Implementing the end view

ff

Putting it all together

What do I need to get started?
First, be sure to download the latest version of PhoneGap from />download, currently 2.2.0 (as this was being written), and extract it to the appropriate
directory. (For example, I use /Applications/phonegap/phonegap220.) Make sure
that you have also installed the appropriate IDEs (Xcode for iOS development and Eclipse
for Android development).
Next, download the latest version of the YASMF framework from />photokandyStudios/YASMF/downloads, and extract it anywhere. (For example, I used
my Downloads folder.)
If you want a copy of the projects for this book in order to look at, or to avoid the
following project-creation steps, you can download them at />photokandyStudios/phonegap-hotshot.
Next, you need to create a project for the various platforms you intend to support. Here's
how we create both projects at once on Mac OS X. The commands should translate to Linux
and Android-only projects with a little modification, and the same should apply to creating
Android projects on Windows with some additional modification. For the following steps,
consider $PROJECT_HOME to be the location of your project, $PHONEGAP_HOME to be the
location where you installed PhoneGap, and $YASMF_DOWNLOAD to be the location where
you extracted the YASMF framework.
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Let's Get Local!
The following steps are just the steps that I use when setting up a project.
You can, of course, structure it however you would like, but you'll need to make
any modifications with regards to the file references and the likes on your own.

The following steps assume that you have downloaded PhoneGap (Cordova) 2.2.0. If you
download a more recent version, the following steps should work with minimal modification:
Downloading the example code
You can download the example code files for all Packt books you have purchased
from your account at . If you purchased this
book elsewhere, you can visit and
register to have the files e-mailed directly to you.

1. Use the following code snippet:
mkdir $PROJECT_HOME
cd $PROJECT_HOME
mkdir Android iOS www
cd $PHONEGAP_HOME/lib/android/bin
./create $PROJECT_HOME/Android/QuizTime com.phonegaphotshot.
QuizTime QuizTime
cd $PHONEGAP_HOME/lib/ios/bin
./create $PROJECT_HOME/iOS com.phonegaphotshot.QuizTime QuizTime
cd $PROJECT_HOME
mkdir www/cordova
cp Android/QuizTime/assets/www/cordova-2.2.0.js www/cordova/
cordova-2.2.0-android.js
cp iOS/www/cordova-2.2.0.js www/cordova/cordova-2.2.0-ios.js
cd Android/QuizTime/assets

rm –rf www
ln –s ../../../www
cd ../../../iOS
rm –rf www
ln -s ../www
cd ..
cd www
cp –r $YASMF_DOWNLOAD/framework .
mkdir images models views style
cd ..
cd Android/QuizTime/src/com/phonegaphotshot/QuizTime
edit QuizTime.java
Change "index.html" to "index_android.html"
Save the file.
cd $PROJECT_HOME/iOS/QuizTime

2. Edit Cordova.plist.
12

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