Thúc đẩy hoạt động đầu tư trực tiếp ra nước ngoài của các doanh nghiệp việt nam

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TRUdNG DAI HQC KINH TE QUOC DAN

DINH THI DUNG
Dftl HOC KINH T^QUdC DAN

TRUNG TAM

THONG TIN THU W

THUC DAY HOAT DONG DAU TITTRUC TIER
RA NUtfC NGOAICUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM
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CHUYEN NGANH: QUAN TRj KINH DOANH QU6C TE

LUAN
VAN THAC
ST QUAN TRI• KINH DOANH
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NGJdl HUONG DAN KHOA HQC: PGS.TS NGUYEN THj HUONG

THS. »
HA NQI, NAM 2007


MUC LUC
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DANH MUC BANG, BIEU
TOM TAT LUAN VAN
LOT NOI DAU............................................................................................................ 1
CHV0NG 1: NHLfNG VAN DE LY LUAN CO BAN VE THUC DAY CAC
DOANH NGHIEP DAU TtT TRIG TIEP RA NIOC NGOAI............................... 4
1.1. Ly luan chung ve hoat dong dau tir true tiep nude ngoai.................................. 4
1.1.1. Khai mem dau tu true tiep nude ngoai................................................................4
1.1.1.1. Khai niem...................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1.2. Dac diem cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai..................................................... 4
1.1.1.3. Cac ly thuyet chu yeu ve dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai.....................................5
1.1.2. Phan loai cac hinh thuc dau tu true tiep nude ngoai........................................ 10
1.1.2.1. Phan loai theo muc dich cua dau tu true tiepnude ngoai.............................. 10
1.1.2.2. Phan loai theo hinh thuc gdp von................................................................. 11
1.1.2.3. Phan loai theo ban chat cua dau tu............................................................... 12
1.1.2.4. Phan loai theo hudng cua dong dau tu......................................................... 13
1.1.3. Tac dong cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai doi vdi nude di dau tu.................... 13
1.1.3.1. Tac dong tich cue......................................................................................... 13
1.1.3.2. Tac dong tieu cue......................................................................................... 14
1.2. Nhung van de chung ve thuc day cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep ra nude
ngoai.......................................................................................................................... 15
1.2.1. Khai niem dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai........................................................ 15

1.2.2. Cac nhan to tac dong den hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua cac
doanh nghiep......................................................................
15
1.2.2.1. Nhan td ddy................................................................................................. 15
1.2.2.2. Nhan to keo................................................................................................ 18
1.2.3. Nhung van de ca ban thuc day hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua cac
doanh nghiep.............................................................................................................. 20
1.2.3.1. Xac dinh muc tieu dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua quoc gia.................... 20
1.2.3.2. Xac dinh thi trudng dau tu chien luge cua quoc gia...................
21
1.2.3.3. Xay dung va hoan thien chinh sach thuc day hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra
nude ngoai................................................................................................................ 21
1.2.3.4. Tien hanh xue tien dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai va md rong quan he quoc te
....................................................... .............................................................. ’......... 22
1.2.3.5. Thuc hien ho tro hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai........................... 22
1.2.4. Cac chi tieu danh gid viec thuc day cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai.......................................................................................................................... 23
1.2.4.1. So du an dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai........................................................ 23
1.2.4.2. Quy mo cua cac du an dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai.................................. 23
1.2.4.3. Toe do tang trudng cua hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai................. 24
1.2.4.4. Ca cau dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai...........................................................24
1.2.4.5. Ty le von thuc hien dau tu ra nude ngoai so vdi tong von dau tu dang ky .... 25
1.2.4.6. Ty le cac du an da di vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh trong tong so du an
dugc cap\ giay rphep..................................................................................................
26
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1.3. Sy can thiet phai thuc day hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua cac
Doanh nghiep Viet Nam.......................................................................................... 26

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1.4. Kinh nghiem thuc day hoat dong dau tur true tiep ra nuoc ngoai cua mot so
quoc gia.................................................................................................................... 28
1.4.1. Kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc........................................................................... 28
1.4.2. Kinh nghiem cua Han Quoc.............................................................................. 32
CHLONG 2: THUC TRANG THUC DAY CAC DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM
DAU IT TRIG TIEP RA NIOC NGOAI TRONG THCH QUA........................ 36
2.1. Nhfrng nhan to tac dong den hoat dong dau tir tryc tiep ra nirdc ngoai cua cac
Doanh nghiep Viet Nam then gian qua.................................................................... 36
2.1.1. Nhan to day...................................................................................................... 36
2.1.1.1. Muc do canh tranh tai thi trirang trong nude ngay cang gay gat................. 36
2.1.1.2. Hieu qua kinh doanh cua mot so nganh trong nude co xu hudng giam........36
2.1.1.3. Trinh do ky thuat, cong nghe cua Viet Nam con lac hau............................... 37
2.1.1.4. Phat huy cac lqi the cua Viet Nam tren thi trudng quoc te............................ 37
2.1.1.5. Da dang hoa hoat dong kinh doanh de phan tan rui ro.................................. 38
2.1.2. Nhan to keo...................................................................................................... 38
2.1.2.1. Moi trudng chinh tri cua nuoc tiep nhan dau tu........................................... 38
2.1.2.2. Lai the cua nude tiep nhan dau tu................................................................ 39
2.1.2.3. Cac uu dai ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai........................................ 39
2.1.2.4. Rao can thuang mai cua nude tiep nhan dau tu............................................ 40
2.2. Thye trang hoat dong thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tur tryc tiep
ra nude ngoai............................................................................................................ 40
2.2.1. Tinh hinh thuc hien cac noi dung thuc day hoat dong dau tir true tiep ra nude
ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam...................................................................... 40
2.2.1.1. Viec xac dinh muc tieu dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua Viet Nam.......... 41
2.2.1.2. Viec xac dinh thi trudng dau tu chien luqc cua Viet Nam........................... 41

2.2.1.3. Viec xay dung va hoan thien chinh sach thuc day hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra
nude ngoai cua Viet Nam........................................................................................ 47
2.2.1.4. Tien hanh xue tien dau tu va md rong quan he hop tac quoc te cua Viet Nam
................................................................. ’......................
50
2.2.1.5. Thuc hien ho trq hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua Viet Nam.... 51
2.2.2. Ket qua hoat dong dau tu ra nude ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam thdi
gian qua..................................................................................................................... 52
2.2.2.1. So dir an dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua Viet Nam.................................. 52
2.2.2.2. Quy mo cua cac du an dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua Viet Nam............ 56
2.2.2.3. Toe do tang trudng hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua Viet Nam. 58
2.2.2.4. Ca cau dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai cua Viet Nam................................... 60
2.2.2.5. Ty le von thuc hien dau tu ra nude ngoai so vdi tong von dau tu dang ky cua
Viet Nam....................................................................................
79
2.2.2.6. Ty le cac du an da di vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh trong tong so du an
duqc cap giay phep.................................................................................................. 81
2.3. Danh gia hoat dong thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tir tryc tiep ra
nuoc ngoai................................................................................................................81
2.3.1. Nhung uu diem trong viec thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu true tiep
ra nude ngoai............................................................................................................ 81
2.3.1.1. So luqng va quy mo cac du an dau tu ra nude ngoai co xu hudng tang....... 82
2.3.1.2. Toe do tang trudng dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai co xu hudng tang.......... 82
2.3.1.3. So luong cac thi trudng dau tu co xu hudng md rong...................................83


2.3.1.4. Kinh nghiem khai thac thi trirang, trinh do quan ly dang dan duoc nang cao 83
2.3.1.5. Vi the cua mot so Doanh nghiep Viet Nam da duqc khang dinh va nang cao
tren thi trudng quoc te.............................................................................................. 84
2.3.2. Cac ton tai trong viec thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu true tiep ra

nucrc ngoai................................................................................................................. 85
2.3.2.1. Von dau tu ra nuac ngoai con han che......................................................... 85
2.3.2.2. Ty le von triBn khai thuc hien cac du an thap............................................... 86
2.3.2.3. Dau tu chu yeu vao mot so thi trudng quen thuoc........................................ 86
2.3.2.4. Hinh thuc dau tu ra nude ngoai con han hep................................................ 87
2.3.2.5. Linh vuc dau tu chua da dang...................................................................... 87
2.3.2.6. Ket qua kinh doanh cua cac du an con qua khiem ton................................... 88
2.3.3. Nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai........................................................................ 89
2.3.3.1. Nguyen nhan tir phia nha nude Viet Nam................................................... 89
2.3.3.2. Nguyen nhan tu phia cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam..................................... 92
2.3.3.3. Nguyen nhan tu nude tiep nhan dau tu........................................................94
CHlTONG 3: PHUONG HUtJNG VA GIAI PHAP THUC DAY CAC DOANH
NGHIEP VIET NAM DAU TlT TRVC TIEP RA NV6C NGOAI THCH GIAN
TCH............................................................................................................................96
3.1. Nhirng quan diem thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tir true tiep ra
nude ngoai................................................................................................................. 96
3.2. Nhung dinh hudng ca ban doi vdi hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai
cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam............................................................................ 98
3.3. Mot so giai phap nham thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu true tiep
ra nude ngoai.......................................................................................................... 100
3.3.1. Ve phia nha nude............................................................................................... 100
3.3.1.1. Hoan thien he thong luat phap, chinh sach thuc day dau tu true tiep ra nude
ngoai....................................................................................................................... 100
3.3.1.2. Tang cudng xue tien dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai va tiep tuc md rong quan
he hop tac quoc te................................................................................................... 102
3.3.1.3. Tang cudng cac hoat dong ho trq va tu van dau tu true tiep ra nudengoai. 104
3.3.1.4. Tang cudng cong tac quan ly cac dir an dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai...... 107
3.3.2. Gai y mot so giai phap doi vdi cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam........................... 109
3.3.2.1. Nang cao trinh do can bo quan ly du an dau tu ra nude ngoai.................... 109
3.3.2.2. Tim hieu ky moi trudng dau tu cua nude tiep nhan..................................... 110

3.3.2.3. Lua chon doi tac va dia diem dau tu thich hap vdi doanh nghiep cu the cua
Viet Nam............................. ................................................................................. 110
3.3.2.4. Da dang hoa cac hinh thuc dau tu ra nude ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet
Nam.................................................................................................... .................. 111
3.3.2.5. Md rong linh vuc dau tu ra nude ngoai cho cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam... 113
3.3.2.6. Tao moi quan he kinh doanh thong qua Viet Kieu d nude tiep nhan dau tu 114
3.3.2.7. Ket hap vdi cac doanh nghiep khac tren cung thi trudng dau tu................ 114
KET LUAN............................................................................................................. 116
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
PHU LUC


DANH MUC CAC BANG
Bang 2.1: Dau tu true tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam (1989-2006)
Bang 2.2: Quy mo du an dau tu ra nude ngoai cua Viet Nam (1989 -2006)
Bang 2.3: Toe do tang trudng dau tu ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam (1989-2006)
Bang 2.4: Dau tu ra nuac ngoai cua Viet Nam theo nuac nhan dau tu (1989-2006)
Bang 2.5: Dau tu ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam theo khu vuc (1989 -2006)
Bang 2.6:

Dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam sang Lao

Bang 2.7:

Dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam sang Campuchia

Bang 2.8:

Dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam sang Lien BangNga

Bang 2.9:

Dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky

Bang 2.10: Dau tu ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam phan theo nganh (1989-2006)
Bang 2.11: Dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua nganh cong nghiep (1989-2006)
Bang 2.12: Dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua nganh nong nghiep (1989-2006)

Bang 2.13: Dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua nganh dich vu (1989-2006)
Bang 2.14: Dau tu ra nudc ngoai phan theo hinh thuc- dau tu (1989-2006)
Bang 2.15: Ty le von thuc hien so vdi tong von dau tu dang ky (1989-2006)

DANH MUC CAC HINH
Bieu 2.1: Quy mo dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam (1989-2006)

Bieu 2.2: Toc do tang trudng dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam
Bieu 2.3: Co cau dau tu ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam phan theo khu vuc dau tu
Bieu 2.4: Co cau dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam phan theo nganh
Bieu 2.5: Co cau dau tu ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam theo hinh thuc dau tu

Bieu 2.6: Ty le von thuc hien so vdi tong von dau tu dang ky cua Viet Nam


TRUdNG DAI HQC KINH

TE* QUo’c DAN

DINH THI DUNG

THUC DAY HOAT DONG DAU TIT THUC TIEP

RA NUldC NGOAI CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM

CHUYEN NGANH: QUAN TRj KINH DOANH QU6C TE*

TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY
•

HA NQI, NAM 2007

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Tinh cap thiet cua de tai

Trong xu the hap tac va hoi nhap khong ngung cua nen kinh te cac nudc trong

khu vuc va tren the gidi hien nay, Viet Nam dang phan dau de dung vung khi cac
cam ket ra nhap To chuc thuong mai the gidi - WTO co hieu luc.

Nam 2007, Viet Nam gia nhap WTO, mot bai toan can duac giai cho cac
Doanh nghiep Viet Nam la lam the nao de canh tranh duac vdi cac hang trong khu

vuc va tren the gidi. Khi cac hang co uy tin vao thi trudng Viet Nam tao ra mot moi
trudng canh tranh ngay cang gay gat, khien cac hang trong nudc phai tinh den viec
dau tu ra nudc ngoai de tranh thu cac nguon luc von co va tan dung cac co hoi dau

tu tu thi trudng ben ngoai. Ben canh do, hoat dong dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai

cua Viet Nam thdi gian qua con rat nhieu mat han che vi the can co nhung giai phap

huu hieu nham thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai
manh hon nua.
Vi nhung ly do tren toi manh dan chon de tai “Thuc day hoat dong dau tu truc
tiep ra nudc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam ” de lam luan van thac sy:

Noi dung cua de tai gom 3 chuong:
Chwffng 1: Nhung van de ly luan co' ban ve thuc day cac doanh nghiep dau tw

truc tiep ra nudc ngoai..

1. Ly luan chung ve hoat dong dau tir ti^irc tiep nirdc nn^ooii
Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai (FDI) la hoat dong dau tu do cac to chuc kinh te va

ca nhan nudc ngoai tu minh hoac cung vdi cac to chuc kinh te va ca nhan cua nudc
sd tai bo von vao mot doi tuang nhat dinh, truc tiep quan ly va dieu hanh de thu lai

trong kinh doanh.

,

Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai duac phan loai dudi nhieu hinh thuc nhu phan loai

theo muc dich cua dau tu, phan theo hinh thuc gop von, hudng cua dong dau tu, ban
chat cua hoat dong dau tu.
Tac dong cua hoat dong dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai doi vdi nudc di dau tu dudi

hai giac do la tich cuc va tieu cuc. Nhung tac dong tich cuc nhu: lam tang tong san

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pham quoc dan; tiep can va su dung nguon luc nuoc ngoai; giup cho quoc gia va

nha dau tu co the dat duoc da muc tieu. Ben canh do cung co nhung tac dong tieu

cuc nhu: de dan den thieu hut hang hoa trong nuoc; tao ra nhung anh hudng bat loi

ve viec lam va thu nhap cua ngudi lao dong trong nuoc; rui ro dau tu cao hon nen
cac nha dau tu phai tinh den cac bien phap phong chOng.
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2. Nhung van de ly luan chung vie thuc day cac doanh nghiep dau tir true tiep
ra niro'c ngoai

ThUc day dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai la viec su dung cac chinh sach, cong cu

vi mo nham khuyen khich, ho tro cac doanh nghiep trong nuoc tang cudng dau tu

truc tiep ra cac thi trudng nuoc ngoai de tan dung cac loi the d thi trudng ben ngoai

mot cach co hieu qua. DOng thdi giUp cac doanh nghiep trong nuoc md rong thi
trudng kinh doanh quOc te va tiep can voi nhung cong nghe tien tien tu cac quOc gia
ben ngoai.

Dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai bi tac dong bdi cac nhan tO ben trong xuat phat

tu nuoc di dau tu: Muc do canh tranh cua thi trudng trong nuoc; Ty suat loi nhuan
trong nuoc so voi nuoc ngoai; Trinh do ky thuat, cong nghe; Loi the cua ben di dau

tu d thi trudng nuoc ngoai; Muc tieu da dang hoa hoat dong kinh doanh de phan
tan rui ro va nang cao uy tin thuong hieu tren thi trudng the gioi.
DOng thdi, hoat dong nay con bi anh hudng bdi cac nhan tO tu nuoc tiep nhan

dau tu nhu: Moi trudng chinh tri cua nuoc nhan dau tu; Cac loi the cua nuoc tiep

nhan dau tu; Cac chinh sach uu dai ve thu hUt FDI cua nuoc tiep nhan dau tu; Rao
can thuong mai cua nuoc tiep nhan dau tu. Day la nhung nhan tO thu hUt cac doanh

nghiep trong nuoc dau tu ra nuoc ngoai.
Ngoai nhung nhan tO tac dong tren thi dau tu ra nuoc ngoai con bi chi phOi bdi
cac dieu kien vi mo thUc day hoat dong dau tu ra nuoc ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep
nhu: Muc tieu dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai cua quOc gia; Xac dinh thi trudng dau

tu chien luoc cua quOc gia do; Chinh sach thUc day dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai
cua quOc gia; Hoat dong xUc tien dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai; Hoat dong ho tro

dau tu ra nuoc ngoai; MOi quan he kinh te cua quOc gia voi cac nuoc ben ngoai.


Dau tu true tiep ra nudc ngoai duoc danh gia thong qua cac chi tieu nhu: So

luong cac du an dau tu ra nudc ngoai; Quy mo, toe do dau tu true tiep ra nudc

ngoai; Ty le von dau tu thuc hien so vdi von dau tu dang ky; Ty le cac du an da di
vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh. Day la cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua cua hoat
dong dau tu ra nudc ngoai nhu ket qua dau tu ra nudc ngoai the nao la tot va the

nao la chua tot.
3. Str can thiet phai thuc day hoat dong dau tu’ true tiep ra nude ngoai cua cac

Doanh nghiep Viet Nam
Thu- nhat: Doanh nghiep trong nudc da phat trien ve quy mo, da dang hoa nganh

nghe... Bdi vay, phat sinh nhu cau md rong quy mo ra nudc ngoai.
Thir hai: Trong xu the toan cau hoa thi doanh nghiep phai hoat dong tren khong
gian toan cau, cac nudc deu md rong thi trudng ma mot trong nhung each de xam
nhap vao thi trudng cua ho la dau tu chinh vao thi trudng do.

Thu ba: Dau tu ra nudc ngoai co rat nhieu loi ich nhu giup cho cac Doanh nghiep
Viet Nam chu dong hon trong viec phan phoi hang hoa, tiep can nhu cau ngudi tieu

nudc phat trien, phat huy loi the tren thi trudng the gidi.

4. Kinh nghiem thuc day hoat dong dau tir true tiep ra nuoc ngoai cua mot so

quoc gia

Han Quoc va Trung Quoc cd the coi la hai quoc gia thanh cong trong viec thuc
day dau tu true tiep ra nudc ngoai ma Viet Nam cd the hoc hoi duoc nhieu kinh

nghiem cua ho nhu: Su dung hinh thuc mua lai sap nhap de dau tu; Chinh phu can

phai coi trong dau tu true tiep ra nudc ngoai va cd cac bien phap khuyen khich dau
tu true tiep ra nudc ngoai; dau tu vao cac nudc phat trien de tiep can cong nghe tien
tien; thuc hien cac uu dai ve thue, vay von cho cac doanh nghiep dau tu ra nudc

ngoai; da dang hoa cac hinh thuc dau tu. Dong thdi can tranh nhung chinh sach thuc
day dau tu ra nudc ngoai khong phu hop vdi Viet Nam va nhung kinh nghiem ma

hai nudc da khong thanh cong trong viec thuc day cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep
ra nudc ngoai.


iv

Chwo'ng 2: Thuc trang thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tw truc tiep ra
nwdc ngoai trong thdi gian qua.

1. Nhwng nhan to tac dong den hoat dong dau tw trwc tiep ra nwdc ngoai cua
Viet Nam thoi gian qua
Nhan td trong nitfc: Muc do canh tranh tai thi truong trong nudc ngay cang gay

gat; hieu qua kinh doanh cua mot so nganh trong nudc co xu hudng giam; trinh do
ky thuat, cong nghe cua Viet Nam con lac hau; phat huy cac loi the cua Viet Nam
tren thi truong quoc te; da dang hoa hoat dong kinh doanh de phan tan rui ro va

nang cao uy tin thuong hieu. Day la cac nhan to tac dong den viec thuc day cac

Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai thoi gian qua
Nhan td nwdc ngoai: Bi anh hudng bdi truong chinh tri chua on dinh; tan dung loi

the cua nudc nhan dau tu; cac uu dai thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai cua mot so nudc,
cac rao can thuong mai cua nudc tiep nhan dau tu. Nhung nhan to nay da tao luc

keo cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu ra cac thi truong nudc ngoai.

2. Thu'c trang hoat dong thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tw trwc tiep
ra nwdc ngoai
Tinh hinh thuc hien cac noi dung thuc day dau tw truc tiep ra nwdc ngoai cua
cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam:

Viec xac dinh muc tieu dau tw trwc tiep ra nuac ngoai cua Viet Nam: Muc tieu con
chung chung va mang tinh chat du bao.

Viec xac dinh thi truang dau tu chien luac cua Viet Nam: Cac thi truong Lao, Nga,
Campuchia, Hoa Ky co the coi la thi truong dau tu chien luoc cua Viet Nam thoi
gian qua. Cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu vao day chu yeu de tan dung cac loi
the cua Viet Nam tai cac thi truong nay.

Viec xay dwng va hoan thien chinh sach thuc day hoat dong dau tu trwc tiep ra nuac

ngoai cua Viet Nam: Da ban hanh mot so cac van ban quy dinh ve dau tu truc tiep
ra nudc ngoai. Tuy nhien do mdi chi la nhung quy dinh chung ve dau tu truc tiep ra

nudc ngoai va chua thuc su khuyen khich cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu truc
tiep ra nudc ngoai.

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Tien hanh xuc tien dau tu va md rong quan he hap tac quoc te cua Viet Nam

:

Da

ky ket 48 hiep dinh ve dau tu va bao ho dau tu voi 48 quoc gia va vung lanh tho.

Viet Nam dang tiep tuc dam phan de ky tiep. Thai gian qua Viet Nam rat tich cuc
tham gia cac quan he kinh te quoc te.
Thuc hien ho tra hoat dong dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam: Da thuc

hien bao ho dau tu; cung cap thong tin dau tu; to chuc dao tao ve kinh nghiem khai
thac thi truang the gioi.
Ket qua dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam thdi gian qua:

Tinh tu nam 1989 den 2006 da co 185 du an dau tu ra nuoc ngoai con hieu luc

voi tong so von dang ky la 969.783.617 USD. Quy mo binh quan 1 du an la 5,2

trieu USD. Toc do tang truang khong deu qua cac nam va trong vai nam gan day co

xu huong tang manh. Thi truang dau tu chu yeu cua Viet Nam la cac nuoc trong
khu vuc Chau A chiem 89,25% tong von dau tu va nhieu nhat la cac nuoc ASEAN.

Lao chiem 43,19% tong von dau tu ra nuoc ngoai cua Viet Nam. Cac Doanh nghiep
Viet Nam dau tu ra nuoc ngoai gom ca 3 linh vuc la cong nghiep, nong nghiep va

dich vu, trong do cong nghiep chiem toi 74,6% tong von dau tu. Hinh thuc dau tu
truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai cua Viet Nam gom 3 hinh thuc chinh la Lien doanh, 100%o

von nuoc ngoai, Hap dong hop tac kinh doanh va chu yeu la hinh thuc 100% von

nuoc ngoai, chiem 50,2%, sau do la hinh thuc lien doanh chiem 38,3% trong tong
so du an dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai cua Viet Nam. Ty le von dau tu thuc hien la

rat thap chi dat 64,24 trieu USD chiem 6,63% tong von dau tu dang ky. Ben canh
do, so luqng cac du an da di vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh la rat it va chua

thong ke duqc chinh xac con so doanh nghiep da di vao hoat dong la bao nhieu.
Nhung uu diem trong viec thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu truc tiep
ra nudc ngoai:
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Toc do tang trudng dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai co xu hudng tang: Trong nhung
nam gan day toc do tang truang cua hoat dong dau tu ra nuoc ngoai tang rat nhanh.

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So luang cac thi trudng dau tu co xu hudng md rong: Doanh nghiep Viet Nam da

ma rong ra cac thi truang xa khu vuc dia ly va cac thi truang co thi hieu tieu dung


kho tinh, tieu chuan ky thuat cao.
Kinh nghiem khai thac thi trudng, trinh do quan ly ngay cang duac nang cao: Cac

Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dan ti'ch luy duoc nhung kinh nghiem khai thac va tim hieu
thi truong the gidi. Trinh do quan ly du an dau tu ra nudc ngoai ngay cang duoc

nang cao.
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Vi the cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam ngay cang duac khang dinh va nang cao

tren thi trudng quoc te: Nhieu Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu ra nudc ngoai cung
da di vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh va budc dau co lai va dan khang dinh duoc

ten tuoi cua minh tren thi truong the gidi. Mot so doanh nghiep da tao moi quan he

lam an tot vdi mot so nha dau tu tren the gidi co uy tin ve tai chinh, quan he kinh
doanh.

Co the noi ket qua dat duoc ve hoat dong dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua cac
Doanh nghiep Viet Nam mdi chi la nhung khdi sac ban dau nhung cung da duoc

thuc day. Tuy nhien, muc do thuc day dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua cac doanh
nghiep Viet Nam con chua manh so vdi cac quoc gia khac trong khu vuc nhu Trung

Quoc, Han Quoc, Thai Lan.
Nhung ton tai trong viec thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu truc tiep ra
nudc ngoai:

Von dau tu ra nudc ngoai cdn han che: Luong von dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai
1989 den 2006 va 1/10 so vdi luong von dau tu nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam trong
nam 2006. Quy mo du an dau tu nho va khong deu.
Ty le von trien khai thuc hien cac du an thap: Ty le von trien khai thuc hien cua cac

du an la rat thap. so luong cac du an duoc trien khai it.
Dau tu chu yeu vao mot so thi trudng quen thuoc\ Cac thi truong dau tu ra nudc

ngoai cua Viet Nam chu yeu la cac nudc trong khu vuc ASEAN va 1 vai nudc co
moi quan he than thiet. Dong thoi, kha nang md rong thi truong dau tu kem. Cac

doanh nghiep chua tan dung duoc het tiem nang cua cac nudc ma Viet Nam co loi

the khi dau tu.

Hinh thuc dau tu ra nudc ngoai con han hep: Hinh thuc dau tu ra nudc ngoai toan


vii

bo la dau tu mai vdi 3 hinh thuc: 100%, LD, HDHTKD. Hien nay, chua co doanh
nghiep nao thuc hien duac dau tu theo cac hinh thuc nhu mua lai sap nhap, cong ty

me con....
Linh vuc dau tu chua da dang: Dau tu ra nudc ngoai chua da dang, phong phu ve
cac linh vuc, chu yeu chi tap trung vao mot so linh vuc nhu khai thac dau mo, thuy

dien, trong cay, khai khoang, nguyen vat lieu cong nghiep...

Ket qua kinh doanh cua cac du an cdn qua khiem ton: So luang cac du an da di vao
hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh da it nhung so cac du an dau tu co lai lai cang it hon.
Cac co quan nha nudc chua thong ke duac muc do dong gop cua hoat dong dau tu

truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cho ngan sach nha nudc la bao nhieu.
Ben canh han che ve von dau tu; ty le thuc hien von dau tu; ket qua kinh doanh

cua du an thi cung con nhung mat ton tai nhu linh vuc dau tu chua da dang; kha

nang md rong thi trudng dau tu kem. Chinh vi the can tim hieu nguyen nhan dan tdi
cac ton tai tren de tu do dua ra giai phap thich hap nham thuc day cac doanh nghiep

dau tu ra nudc ngoai manh hon.
Nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai tren:

Hoat dong dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam thdi

gian qua bi anh hudng bdi nhieu nguyen nhan chu quan va khach quan khac xuat

phat tu chinh ben trong cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam va nha nudc Viet Nam. Dong
thdi, hoat dong dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam cung bi anh hudng bdi

nhung nguyen nhan khach quan xuat phat tu phia nudc tiep nhan dau tu.

Nguyen nhan tu phia nha nuac Viet Nam: He thong luat phap chinh sach thuc day
dau tu ra nudc ngoai con nhieu han che; Cong tac xuc tien dau tu truc tiep ra nudc

ngoai chua manh; Cac hoat dong ho tra doanh nghiep dau tu ra nudc ngoai md
nhat; Cong tac quan ly dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai con long leo.
Nguyen nhan tuphia cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam. Tiem luc tai chinh cua cac doanh

nghiep con han hep; Trinh do quan ly cac du an dau tu nudc ngoai kem; Kha nang
tim hieu va md rong thi trudng kinh doanh han che; Chua tan dung duac cac moi

quan he kinh doanh; Trinh do ky thuat cong nghe lac hau; Chia se thong tin dau tu


viii

voi cac doanh nghiep khac con han che.

Nguyen nhan tu nuac tiep nhan dau tu: Tinh hinh chinh tri bat on; Thi hieu tieu

dung khat khe; Tieu chuan ky thuat doi hoi cao; Chinh sach thu hut dau tu nuoc
ngoai cua mot so nuoc con han che.

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Chuong 3: Phuong hudng va giai phap nham day manh hoat dong dau tu truc
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tiep ra nudc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam.

1. Nhung quan diem thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu truc tiep ra
nude ngoai
Hien nay con ton tai nhieu quan diem khac nhau ve dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc

ngoai nhung theo ca nhan toi ve thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu truc
tiep ra nuoc ngoai nhu sau:
Quan diem 1: Dau tu ra nuoc ngoai la mot trong nhung hoat dong kinh doanh quan

trong va khong the thieu doi voi cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam
Quan diem 2: Dau tu ra nuoc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam la hoat dong

lam tang vi the cua Viet Nam tren trudng quoc te
Quan diem 3: can tich cuc ho tro cho cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu truc tiep

ra nuoc ngoai

Quan diem 4: Doanh nghiep Viet Nam can coi trong viec md rong thi trudng dau
tu, linh vuc va hinh thuc dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai trong thdi gian toi

2. Nhung dinh hudng co’ ban doi vdi hoat dong dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai

cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam
Dinh huong cua nha nuoc ve dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai cua Viet Nam trong

thdi gian toi la truoc het can co su “nhan thuc lai” toan dien cua cac cap, nganh co

trach nhiem, cua ban than cac doanh nghiep va tang lop doanh nhan Viet Nam ve su
can thiet, cach thuc va cac yeu cau ho tro dau tu ra nuoc ngoai. Dinh huong day
manh cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu vao nhieu linh vuc khac nhau. Viec

khuyen khich cung nen dong deu doi voi moi thanh phan, doanh nghiep nhd, doanh
nghiep lon. Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao nhung thi trudng tai nguyen


ix

thien nhien phong phu, kinh te chinh tri on dinh, co kha nang tan dung duoc nhieu
co hoi d nhung thi truong giau tiem nang. Trong thoi gian tdi, dau tu truc tiep ra
nudc ngoai se hudng nhieu den cac nudc lang gieng nhu Lao, Campuchia vi day la
nhung nudc co su gan gui ve dia ly, co nhieu linh vuc Viet Nam co the manh. Ben

canh do khong duoc bd qua cac nudc phat trien ma Doanh nghiep Viet Nam van co
loi the. Cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam can da dang hoa cac hinh thuc dau tu truc tiep

ra nudc ngoai de tan dung cac co hoi do dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai mang lai.
3. Mot so giai phap nham thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu true
tiep ra nudc ngoai

Ve phia nha nuac:
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Hoan thien he thong luat phap, chinh sach thuc day dau tu truc tiep ra nuac ngoai'

.

Coi trong viec xay dung va phat triem hanh lang phap ly trong nudc va qudc te,
Nhanh chong hoan thien co che chinh sach quy dinh hoat dong dau tu truc tiep ra

nudc ngoai; Don gian hoa thu tuc dang ky va cap giay phep dau tu; Ban hanh cac
van ban con thieu lien quan den hoat dong dau tu cua cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai.
Ben canh do cung can ban hanh cac chinh sach uu dai khuyen khich dau tu truc tiep

ra nudc ngoai: Chinh sach uu dai ve thue; quan ly ngoai hoi; vay von dau tu.

Tang cuang xuc tien dau tu truc tiep ra nuac ngoai va tiep tuc ma rong quan he
hap tac quoc te: To chuc cac cuoc gap go, tiep xuc dinh ky giua Chinh phu vdi cac
doanh nghiep hien dang co du an trien khai d nudc ngoai; can nhanh chong xay

dung de an khuyen khich dau tu ra nudc ngoai; Tiep tuc tang cuong va doi mdi

cong tac van dong xuc tien dau tu; To chuc cac cuoc hoi thao chuyen nganh hoac
linh vuc tai cac dia ban co the manh; Thanh lap Ban chi dao va xuc tien dau tu truc

tiep ra nudc ngoai. Ben canh do, Tich cuc md rong quan he hop tac quoc te: Tich

cuc tham gia to chuc cac hoi nghi quoc te; Phat huy toi da cac loi the khi da la thanh
vien cua WTO; Tich cuc to chuc, tham gia cac hoi cho trien lam quoc te; Ket hop

vdi cac chuyen di tham, lam viec nudc ngoai cua cac nha lanh dao Dang, Chinh phu
de to chuc cac cuoc hoi thao ve dau tu.

Tang cuang cac hoat dong ho tra va tu van dau tu truc tiep ra nuac ngoai: Cac dai
su quan, tham tan day manh hon nua trong viec tim kiem trao doi, cung cap thong

X

tin cho cac doanh nghiep; Khuyen khich va ho tro viec thanh lap cac Hiep hoi
Doanh nghiep Viet Nam d tung nudc; can quan tam to chuc cac dudng day nong,
cac cuoc gap gd, tiep xuc dinh ky va khong dinh ky giua Doanh nghiep Viet Nam cac dai su quan, lanh su quan, thuong vu nudc ngoai; Cung cap cac dich vu bao

dam an ninh cong dong va thoa man yeu cau ddi song van hoa - tinh than ca nhan
cua cac doanh nhan dang hoat dong dau tu d nudc ngoai; Cac ngan hang thuong

mai, nha nudc Viet Nam can co nhung chi nhanh, van phong dai dien d nudc ngoai;
Can nghien cuu thanh lap cac Cong ty dau tu tai chinh quoc te thich hop co chuc

nang huy dong von dau tu trong va ngoai nudc; Thanh lap quy hd tro dau tu ra nudc
ngoai de bao dam loi ich va bao ve cho cac doanh nghiep chong lai cac rui ro gap

phai khi dau tu tai nudc ngoai.
Tang cudng cong tac quan ly cac du an dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai: Luat Dau

tu cung nhu Nghi dinh yeu cau cac doanh nghiep phai tuan thu che do bao cao dinh
ky; Nhung co quan quan ly dau tu can tang cudng cong tac giam sat, kiem tra va
danh gia ve hieu qua dau tu; can thanh lap cac bo phan chuyen trach dam nhan viec
quan ly hoat dong dau tu cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam d nudc ngoai; can phoi

hop giua cac Bo, Nganh va dia phuong trong viec xay dung chien luoc dinh hudng
dau tu ra nudc ngoai.
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Gaiy mot so giai phap doi vdi cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam:
Nang cao trinh do can bo quan ly du an dau tu ra nudc ngoai: Cu can bo quan ly di
hoc cac lop ve quan ly du an dau tu tai nudc noi doanh nghiep tien hanh dau tu tai

do; Quan tam trong cac van de su dung nguon nhan luc co hieu qua.
Tim hieu ky moi trudng dau tu cua nudc tiep nhan: Tim hieu nhung quy dinh ve he

thong luat phap, chinh sach uu dai khuyen khich thu hut dau tu nhu the nao; cac quy

dinh ve xuat nhap khau; luat thue; phong tuc tap quan, chinh tri; Thanh lap cac bo

phan chuyen nghien cuu thi trudng dau tu.
Lua chon doi tac, dia diem dau tu thich hap vdi doanh nghiep cu the cua Viet Nam:
Khuyen khich dau tu manh hon vao cac nudc phat trien khong nen qua tap trung
vao cac nudc lan can; Can nhac khi lua chon dia diem dau tu de han che nhung rui

ro do dau tu gay ra; Thdng qua cac co quan ho tro dau tu d nudc ngoai cua Viet


Nam de tim hieu doi tac dau tu cho phu hop.
Da dang hoa cac hinh thuc dau tu ra nudc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Name

.

Ket hop voi hinh thuc dau tu moi, cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam da den luc cdn chu y
den hinh thuc M&As de khai thac cac loi the cua no.

Md rong linh vuc dau tu ra nudc ngoai cho cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam: Huong toi
mo rong sang dau tu cac linh vuc dau tu: linh vuc dich vu ngan hang, bao hiem, tai
chinh, tu van...

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Tao moi quan he kinh doanh thong qua Viet Kieu d cac nudc tiep nhan: Tan dung
cac moi quan he lam an voi cac Viet kieu o nuoc ngoai; Cac Doanh nghiep Viet

Nam can chu dong tim kiem cac kieu bao dang sinh song va hoc tap tai nuoc ngoai.
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Ket hop vdi cac doanh nghiep khac tren cung thi trudng dau tu: Cac Doanh nghiep
Viet Nam lien ket chat che hon o cac thi trudng dau tu ra nuoc ngoai; Cac doanh

nghiep can co nhung chia se thong tin ve dau tu; Lap ra nhung tap doan kinh te lon
de dau tu cho co hieu qua hon; Nang cao vai tro hoat dong cua cac Hiep hoi cac nha
dau tu o nuoc ngoai.

Co the noi nhung thanh tuu ma Viet Nam dat duoc trong nhung nam qua la
dieu dang khich le va can phai co gang hon nua. Ben canh nhung thanh cong thi

hoat dong dau tu ra nuoc ngoai cua Viet Nam van con boc lo mot so ton tai nhu ty
le von trien khai thap, quy mo dau tu nhd, thi trudng dau tu chu yeu la cac nuoc

trong khu vuc, hieu qua dau tu chua cao.... Day la do cac nguyen nhan chu quan

cung nhu nhung nguyen nhan khach quan tac dong den viec thuc day hoat dong dau

tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai cua Viet Nam. Dieu nay, chung td Viet Nam can phai tim
cho minh cac giai phap thich hop nham thuc day hoat dong dau tu manh dan hon va

co hieu qua hon.
Trong nhung nam toi la thdi co de tang cudng cong tac dau tu ra nuoc ngoai

voi phia truoc con khong it kho khan, thach thuc va su anh huong chung cua nen

kinh te xa hoi. Nhung voi tiem luc cua nen kinh te Viet Nam hien nay thi nhat dinh

hoat dong dau tu noi chung va dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai noi rieng se ngay cang
mo rong ca ve thi trudng cung nhu nganh nghe va hieu qua dau tu se duoc cai thien.


TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

DINH

th; dung

THUC DAY HOAT
DONG
DAU TT TRUC
TIEP
■
■
■
RA NUfrC NGOAI CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM

CHUYEN NGANH: QuAn TRI KINH DOANH QUOC TE*

LUAN VAN THAC ST QUAN TR| KINH DOANH

NGUOI HUdNG DAN KHOA HOC:
PGS.TS NGUYEN THI• HUONG
•

HA NOI, NAM 2007


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LOI NOI DAU
1. T11H1 cap

cua de tai

Trong xu the hop tac va hoi nhap khong ngung cua nen kinh te cac nudc trong

khu vuc va tren the gidi hien nay, Viet Nam dang phan dau de dung vung khi cac

cam ket gia nhap Td chuc thuong mai the gidi - WTO co hieu luc. Cung vdi su phat
trien cua nen kinh te san xuat hang hoa theo co che thi trudng, hoi nhap kinh te

dang duoc hau het cac quoc gia tren the gidi don nhan nhu mot co hoi phat trien

kinh te mot cach co hieu qua nhat va nhanh chong nhat, dong thdi con khong it

nhung kho khan thach thuc can phai vuot qua.

Trudc day, co quan diem cho rang dau tu ra ngoai la chay mau ngoai te. Chung
ta can khuyen khich dau tu trong nudc de phat trien, chua den luc dau tu ra nudc

ngoai, nen trong he thong phap luat cua chung ta, khong co van ban nao nhac den
chu khuyen khich dau tu ra nudc ngoai. Tuy nhien, gan day co quan diem mdi cho
rang da den luc can khuyen khich dau tu ra nudc ngoai khong nen bo ld cac co hoi

dau tu de md rong thi trudng tieu thu san pham, tiet kiem chi phi san xuat, chi phi

van tai va khai thac toi da cac loi the cua qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te.

Trong nhung nam vua qua, so luong cac du an dau tu ra nudc ngoai ngay cang
tang va dong gop ngay cang dang ke cho su phat trien kinh te cua nudc nha. Cung

vdi viec Viet Nam dang phai danh nhieu nguon luc xuc tien va quang ba thu hut dau
tu nudc ngoai. Dac biet la nguon von dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam, thi

viec dua vdn trong nudc ra nudc ngoai dau tu cung can duoc khuyen khich. Neu

Viet Nam chi tap trung cho viec thu hut dau tu ma bO qua thuc day dau tu thi mot

mat se lam giam tinh chu dong cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam va mat khac se bi
bo ld cac co hoi dau tu tot d thi trudng the gidi.

Nam 2006, Luat Dau tu chung co hieu luc, lan dau tien van de dau tu ra nudc

ngoai duoc quy dinh trong mot van ban luat. Thu tudng Chinh phu da ky quyet dinh
ban hanh Nghi dinh 78/2006/ND-CP quy dinh ve dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai, du

nghi dinh nay chu yeu quy dinh ve ho so, thu tuc nhung cung co nhung dieu khoan
mdi, thong thoang va don gian hon tao co hoi cho cac nha dau tu. Day la mot trong


.2.

nhung Nghi dinh hudng dan quan trong cua Luat dau tu va la hanh lang phap ly cho

cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu ra nudc ngoai.

Nam 2007, Viet Nam da gia nhap WTO, mot bai toan can duoc giai cho cac
Doanh nghiep Viet Nam la lam the nao de canh tranh duoc vdi cac hang trong khu
vuc va tren the gidi. Khi cac hang co uy tin vao thi trudng Viet Nam tao ra mot moi

trudng canh tranh ngay cang gay gat, khien cac hang trong nudc phai tinh den viec

dau tu ra nudc ngoai de tranh thu cac nguon luc von co va tan dung cac co hoi dau
tu tu thi trudng ben ngoai.
Vi nhung ly do tren toi manh dan chon de tai “Thuc day hoat dong dau tu true
tiep ra nuoc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam ” de lam luan van thac sy:

1. Muc dich va nhiem vu nghien cuu
Muc dich chu yeu cua de tai la de xuat cac giai phap va kien nghi de thuc day

hoat dong dau tu ra nudc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
De thuc hien muc dich nghien cuu tren, de tai co nhiem vu:
o Khai quat hoa mot so van de ly luan co ban ve thuc day cac doanh nghiep

dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai.
o Phan tich va danh gia thuc trang thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu

truc tiep ra nudc ngoai thdi gian qua.
o De xuat cac giai phap va kien nghi nham day manh hoat dong dau tu truc

tiep ra nudc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
2. Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu

Doi tuong nghien cuu cua Luan van nay la van de thuc day hoat dong dau tu
truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam.

Pham vi nghien cuu cua luan van la nghien cuu viec thuc day hoat dong dau tu
truc tiep ra nudc ngoai cua Doanh nghiep Viet Nam - mot nudc ma hoat dong thuc

day dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai chua manh va con nhieu han che.
Hoat dong dau tu truc tiep ra nudc ngoai co the duoc nghien cuu tren giac do vi
mo va vi mo. Tuy nhien, luan van nay dat trong tam vao viec nghien cuu tren giac


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do vi md la chu yeu. Tuc la nghien cuu viec thuc day hoat dong FDI cua cac Doanh

nghiep Viet Nam ra nudc ngoai tren goc do quan ly vi md cua nha nudc tu nam
1989 den 2006 va de xuat cho tdi nam 2015.
3. Phuong phap nghien cuu

Luan van nay se van dung mot cach tong hop cac phuong phap nghien cuu

khoa hoc nhu phuong phap thong ke, phuong phap so sanh, phuong phap duy vat
lich su, phuong phap duy vat bien chung, phuong phap phan tich he thong, quy nap,
dien giai... de nghien cuu va luan giai cac van de ly luan va thuc tien.
4. Ket cau cua de tai

Noi dung cua de tai gom 3 chuong:

Chwong I: Nhwng van de ly luan co' ban ve thuc day cac doanh nghiep dau tw

trwc tiep ra nwdc ngoai.
Chwong II: Thwc trang thuc day cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tw trwc tiep ra

nwdc ngoai trong thdi gian qua.
Chwong III: Phwong hwdng va giai phap nham day manh hoat dong dau tw trwc
tiep ra nwdc ngoai cua cac Doanh nghiep Viet Nam.
Sau day la noi dung cu the cua tung chuong:


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CHUONG1
NHLfNG van de ly luan co ban ve thuc day cac doanh

NGHIEP DAU TO TRIC TIEP RA NIOC NGOAI
1.1. Ly luan chung ve hoat dong dau tw trwc tiep nuvc ngoai

1.1.1. Khai niem- dau tir trwc tiep nwdc ngoai
1.1.1.1. Khai niem
Dau tu la viec cac nha dau tu bo von bang cac loai tai san huu hinh hoac vo
hinh de hinh thanh tai san va tien hanh cac hoat dong dau tu theo quy dinh cua phap

luat.
Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai (FDI) la hoat dong dau tu do cac to chuc kinh te va

ca nhan nudc ngoai tu minh hoac cung vdi cac to chuc kinh te va ca nhan cua nudc
sd tai bo von vao mot doi tuong nhat dinh, truc tiep quan ly va dieu hanh de thu loi
trong kinh doanh. Hoat dong dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai thudng duoc tien hanh

thong qua cac cac du an - goi la du an dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai.

1.1.1.2. Bac diem cua dau tw trwc tiep nwdc ngoai

> FDI mang tinh lau dai

FDI thudng gan vdi thdi gian hoat dong tuong doi dai. Day la dac diem phan
biet giua dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai vdi dau tu gian tiep. Dau tu gian tiep thudng la

cac dong von co thdi gian hoat dong ngan va co thu nhap thong qua viec mua, ban

chung khoan. Dau tu gian tiep co tinh thanh khoan cao hon dau tu truc tiep, de dang

thu lai so von dau tu ban dau khi dem ban chung khoan va tao dieu kien cho thi

trudng tien te phat trien d nhung nudc tiep nhan dau tu.
> FDI co sw tham gia quan ly cua cac nha dau tw nwdc ngoai

Day cung la dac diem phan biet giua dau tu gian tiep va dau tu truc tiep. Trong

khi dau tu gian tiep khdng can co su tham gia quan ly doanh nghiep, cac khoan thu

nhap chu yeu la tu co tuc tu viec mua chung khoan tai cac doanh nghiep d nudc dau
tu, nguoc lai dau tu truc tiep thi nha dau tu truc tiep tham gia dieu hanh hoac tu

dieu hanh du an.


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> FDI thudng gan vdi hoat dong thuang mai, chuyen giao cong nghe, du cu
lao dong quoc te.
Di kem vdi dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai thudng la cac hoat dong thuong mai,

chuyen giao may moc thiet bi va di cu lao dong quoc te. Trong do, di cu lao dong

quoc te gop phan vao viec chuyen giao ky nang quan ly cho nudc tiep nhan dau tu.
> FDI la hinh thuc keo dai "chu ky tudi tho san xuat’’, "chu ky tudi tho ky

thuat ” va "noi bo hod di chuyen ky thuat ”.

ky thuat san xuat phai lua chon phuong thuc dau tu true tiep ra nudc ngoai nhu mot

dieu kien cho su ton tai va phat trien cua minh. Ngoai ra, dau tu true tiep nudc
ngoai se giup doanh nghiep thay doi duoc day chuyen cong nghe lac hau d nudc

minh nhung de chap nhan d nudc cd day chuyen cong nghe thap hon va gop phan
keo dai chu ky san xuat.

> FDI la su gap nhau ve nhu cau

FDI chinh la su gap nhau ve nhu cau giua mot ben la nudc di dau tu muon md

rong quy md san xuat ra ben ngoai va mot ben la nudc nhan dau tu muon cd them
von dau tu de phat trien nen kinh te trong nudc.

> FDI gan lien vdi qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te

Khi qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te dien ra se keo theo cac hoat dong nhu
dau tu, thuong mai....Chinh sach FDI d mdi quoc gia tiep nhan dau tu the hien

chinh sach md cua va quan diem ve hoi nhap kinh te dau tu.
1.1.1.3. Cac ly thuyet chu yeu ve dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai
■

Ly thuyet dua tren thi trudng la hoan hao
\

r

> Su khac biet ve ty suat lai nhuan
Theo quan diem nay, dau tu bat nguon tu viec di chuyen nguon von tir nhung
nudc cd ty suat loi nhuan thap tdi nhung nudc cd ty suat loi nhuan cao. Khi dau tu

cac nha dau tu thudng doi chieu loi nhuan bien du kien vdi chi phi bien cua von.
Neu chi phi bien cua von la nhu nhau ma ty suat loi nhuan bien d nudc ngoai ldn