12 English tenses 12 THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH

(+): S + BE GOING TO + V_INF
FORM

(-): S + BE + NOT GOING TO + V_INF
(?): BE + S + GOING TO + V_INF

(+): S +WILL + V_INF

USE
FORM

(-): S + WILL + NOT (WON´T)+ V_INF
(?): WILL + S + V_INF?

Predictions (often with evidence
we can see). It is going to rain, so
take an umbrella.

FUTURE with
BE GOING TO

NOTE: Thì tương lai gần (future with be going to) không
dùng với động từ “go/ come”, mà chúng ta dùng thì hiện
tại tiếp diễn. He is going to London next month.

Decisions made now. I know. I
will go to China this summer.
Facts about the future. The new
airport will be the biggest in Europe.

Future plans: We will go shopping this weekend.

Intentions. I am going to become
a doctor when I grow up.

USE

Predictions: It will probadly
rain tomorrow.

Will V:

SO SÁNH

Đưa ra lời tiên đốn khơng có cơ sở, mà theo ý kiến
chủ quan. Ex. I think she will like this present.

FUTURE with
WILL / WONT

Offers and requests. We'll help
you get ready for your holiday.

Quyết định làm việc gì ngay tại thời điểm nói, khơng có
kế hoạch hay dự định từ trước. Ex: Someone is
knocking the door. I will open.

BE GOING TO

TIME MARKS: Next (day, week, weekend, year,
etc..), tomorrow, in 5 years,...

Diễn tả sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai và có kế
hoạch, dự định từ trước. EX: I am going to paint my
room.

Đưa ra lời tiên đoán dựa trên tình huống hiện tại.
Ex. Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain.

(+) S + will + be + V_ing
(-) S + will not (won’t) + be + V_ing

FORM

(?) Will + S + be + V_ing?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Continuous events/ actions happening in the Su
future. She will be teaching this class from now on.
USE*

Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm
xác định trong tương lai. He will be swimming in the
sea tomorrow morning

To express being in the process of doing sth at a specific time in the future.
Ex: I will be living in Hanoi city next week.

Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác
xen vào. (hành động đang diễn ra dùng thì tương lai tiếp

diễn, hành động xen vào dùng thì hiện tại đơn). By the time I
get home, my son will be sleeping. (Vào lúc tơi về đến nhà thì
con trai tơi đang ngủ rồi.)

(+) S + WAS/ WERE + O
(-) S + WAS/ WERE + NOT + O

kien/ hanh dong se xay ra lien tuc trong tuong lai.

BE

(?) WAS/ WERE + S + O?

TIME MARKS: At this time/ at this moment + thời gian trong tương
lai (Ví dụ: Vào thời điểm này...), at present next Friday, at 7.pm
tomorrow

(?) DID + S + V_inf + O
V_ed
(+) S + V_ed + O
(-) S + DIDN'T + V_inf + O

Note: "next" - chu y ve do lien tuc cua hanh dong trong tuong lai -> use FS or FC

FORM

Main events in a story. She pushed the door
open and looked inside the room.

General truths about the past :. 50 years ago, people

didn't spend as much on entertainment as they do today.

USE

SIMPLE
PAST
TIME MARKS: by + mốc thời gian (by the end of,
by tomorrow): vào…, by then: vào lúc, by the time:
vào thời điểm

Completed actions . He visited UK last year.
Repeated actions in the past: I went to the theatre 4 times last month.
Consecutive actions in the past:. She sat down and ordered a coffee.

(?) Will + S + have + VPII?

FUTURE

TIME MARKS: yesterday, 2 weeks ago, 1 year ago, last week, in + thời
gian trong quá khứ...

FUTURE PERFECT

FORM

(+) S + will + have + VPII
(-) S + will NOT + have + VPII

USE:diễn tả một hành động sẽ kết thúc trước một
hành động khác hoặc một thời điểm trong tương

lai. I will have finished my report before the meeting
starts tomorrow morning

(+): S + WAS/ WERE + V_ING + O
(-) S + WAS/ WERE + NOT + V_ING + O
FORM
(?) WAS/ WERE + S + V_ING + O

Actions happening at a moment in the past. At
9pm last night, I was watching TV.

USE

PAST
CONTINUOUS

Two actions in progress at the same time. I was
reading book while my mom was cooking.

(+) S + will + have + been + VPII

Background information in a story. It was raining
so I decided to go to the cinema.

(-) S + will not + have + been + VPII

FORM

FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

WHEN: Interupted actions in the past. (Diễn tả hành động đang xảy
ra thì có hành động khác xen vào). I was studing WHEN the baby
cried.

TIME MARKS : When, while, at... yesterday/ last night

(?) Will + S + have + been + VPII?

USE: Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kéo dài
đến một thời điểm cho trước ở tương lai. By the end of this
month, he will have been living here for two years.

TIME MARKS: Giống FUTURE PERFECT

PAST

(-) S + HAD NOT + VPII + O

ENGLISH
TENSES

FORM

(+) S + V (s/es) + O

(+) S + HAD + VPII + O
(?) HAD + S + VPII + O?

(-): S + don´t / doesn´t + V_INF

Describe an action that happened before another
action in the past. I've finished my homework a few
minutes before the lesson started.
Finished actions and states where the important thing is the
result at a moment in the past. We were happy because we
had all done our homework.

PAST
PERFECT

Fixed plans/ schedules: School begins
at 9am tomorrow.

PRESENT
SIMPLE

USE

USE

TIME MARKS: Usually, sometimes, always, every
(day,week,time,...), normally, occasionally.

Thể hiện sự thất vọng về sự việc nào đó trong
quá khứ (ước ở quá khứ). We wished we had
purchased the ticket.

(?) HAD + S + BEEN + V_ING +O?

FORM

(+) S + HAD BEEN + V_ING + O
(-) S + HAD NOT BEEN + V_ING + O

PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

Before: The teacher had checked the answers before I
arrived.

By the time: By the time we got to class, the
lesson had started.

Facts/ Truths: Water boils at 100C.
Habits: She get up at 7 am everyday.

Use in the 3rd conditional to describe unreal
condition in the past . If I had had enough
money, I could have bought a new laptop.

By: I had finished my homework by 8 pm.

(?): Do / does + S + V(s/es)?

FORM

Describe an action before a stated time in the past. He
had never played football until last week.

PRESENT

Actions continuing up to, or stopping just
before, a moment in the past. We had been
doing grammar exercises for over an hour, so we
were really bored.

TIME
MARKS

(+): S + am/is/are +V_ING

(-) S + am/is/are + NOT +V_ING

USE
CAUSE of sth in the past. I was tired because I had
been playing football for hours.

After: I left after I had finished the test.

FORM

JUST: She had just finished the test when the
bell rang.

(?) Am/Is/ Are + S + V_ING?

BEFORE/ THE WHOLE DAY/ ALL DAY/ NIGHT

WHEN: I left when I had finished the test.

TIME MARKS:

The lesson started when I arrived. (= I arrived and then the
lesson started)

FOR: She had been studying for hours,
so he had a headache.
SINCE: He had been hoping to win the
competition since the summer.

NOTE: Whether we use the PAST SIMPLE or PAST
PERFECT can change the meaning of the sentence.

USE
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS emphasises the action nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động. She has been
writing an article for the school newwspaper. ( = She had
started, but she hadn't finished)

The lesson had started when I arrived. (= The lesson started
and then I arrived)

Actions going on at this moment: She
is working out at this moment.
Temporary situations/ habits/ actions: He
is studying English with me today.
Definite future plans: I am flying to USA
next week.

NOTE
PAST PERFECT emphasises the result of an action. She
has written an article for the school newspaper (= She'd
finished it)

TIME MARKS: Now, right now, at moment, at present, for
the time being, currently.
(+) S + have/has + VPII

(-) S + have/ has not + VPII

FORM

(?) Have/Has + S + VPII?

Experiences (Trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm), thường đi
kèm với “ever/ never”. Have you ever been to Argentina?

PRESENT
PERFECT
USE

Completed actions at a time in the past which is not mentioned
(sự việc đã xảy ra nhưng ko rõ thời điểm): I have already read that
book.
Situations started in the past & are still true (đã xảy ra trong
quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại): She has worked here for 3 years.

FORM: S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V_ING + O

Completed actions where the important thing is the
result now. They have all done their homework.

Repeated actions: I have watched this film several
time.

Actions continuing up to now or just before
now. It has been raining all day./ It has been
raining all day.
Recent actions that have an effect on the present. Diễn
tả một hành động vừa mới kết thúc nhưng kết quả còn liên
quan đến hiện tại. (nhấn mạnh về quá trình xảy ra hành
động). She has been working hard all day. She is very tired
now.

USE

PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

Actions at a specified time which are not complete
at the time of speaking: I have read 4 books so far
this morning.
TIME MARKS

FOR + khoảng thời gian

TIME MARKS: since, for, just, all day, all the
morning...

SINCE + mốc thời gian (kể từ...). Nếu sau since là 1 mệnh đề,
mệnh đề TRƯỚC since ở HTHT, mệnh đề SAU since ở QKĐ. I
have taught English since I graduated from university.
ALREADY (đã ... rồi), NEVER (chưa bao giờ), EVER (đã
từng), JUST (vừa mới)... đứng trước VPii

NOTE
PRESENT PERFECT: emphasises the result of an
action. She has written an article for the school
newspaper (= She finished it)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: emphasises the action, or
the time spent on the action, rather than the result. She has been
writing an article for the school newspaper. ( = She started, but she
hasn't finished yet)

ALREADY cũng có thể đứng cuối câu

YET (chưa) đứng cuối câu, thường dùng trong câu
phủ định và nghi vấn.

NOTE: Dùng
Present Perferct
sau cấu trúc:

RECENTLY, LATELY, SO FAR... Có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối
câu

SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT: It is the most interesting book that I

have ever read.

This is the first/ second ... time...: This is the first time I
have eaten this kind of food.