Danh động từ (Gerund) và Động từ nguyên thể (to infinitive)

S + V + O + to infinitive - Một số V thường
có O đi kèm: ask, advise, allow, bear, beg,
cause, command, compel, encourage,
expect, forbid, force, get, help, instruct, intent,
invite, leave, order, permit, persuade,
recommend, request, remind, teach, tell,
want, warn, wish...

My mother wants me to be a teacher

John invited me to take part in his party.
Uniforms encourage students to be confident.
My father allows me to go to the theater
tonight.
I ask my brother to help me with homework.
The doctor advises patients to give up
smoking
Hoa helps me (to) do the housework.
My father permits me to go to the theater
tonight.

They refused to pay extra salary

Used after certain verbs:
decide, promise, hope,
pretend, refuse, offer, agree,
see, appear, choose,
expect, learn, plan, wish,
need, afford, claim, expect,
fail...

He managed to get out of the car.
I hope to see you again
She failed to get the contract.
We decided TO
BUY that house.
I can’t afford to buy that car
I promise to help you

S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-V:
I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.
It + be + adj + to-V (thật ... để...):
It is interesting to study English.

TO INFINITIVE (toV)

In some
structures

It takes + O + time + to-V : It takes
Nam two hours to do that exercise.
Too many + N (danh từ số nhiều đếm
được) + to-V: I make too many cakes to
eat it all.

S + be + too + adj + (for somebody) +
to-V: You are too young to drive a car.

TOO

S + V + too + adv + (for somebody) + to-V:

I got up too late to go to school on time
Too much + N (danh từ không đếm được) +
to-V: It takes too much time to do that work.

S + V/tobe + enough + noun + (for
somebody) + to-V: We have enough meat
for the next week.

S + to be + adj + enough + (for
somebody) + to-V: The water is warm
enough for you to swim.

ENOUGH

S + V + adv + enough + (for
somebody) + to-V: John spoke
loud enough for me to hear it.

To talk about a purpose,
why somebody does
something.

They went to the restaurant
before to reserve a table.

Phủ định của danh động từ được
hình thành bằng cách thêm not vào
trước V-ing: Ex: not making, not
opening…

I finish doing
my homework

to-V: cần làm gì. I need to go
to school today.

As a direct OBJECT of some verbs : finish,
admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, discuss,
enjoy, imagine, involve, keep, mention, mind,
miss, postpone, practice, recall, recollect,
report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, tolerate.

NEED
You hate making
new friends

GERUND &
INFINITIVE

I am not good at
speaking.

Some verbs (like, love, hate,
prefer, begin, start, intend,
continue, advise, allow,
recommend...) can be
followed by either without a
meaning changing.

You hate to

make new
friends

After prepositions: In,
at, on, upon, below,
up, under, below,
above, over, along,
beside, between...

V-ing to V-ing: I prefer driving to
traveling by train. (Tơi thích lái xe
hơn đi tàu.)

PREFER
(THÍCH HƠN)

GERUNDS (V-ing) - DANH
ĐỘNG TỪ: là một DANH
TỪ được cấu thành từ một
ĐỘNG TỪ thêm “ING”

Swimming is
good for health.

V-ing: cần được làm gì (= need
to be done). Your hair needs
cutting. (= your hair needs to be
cut)

to V + rather than (V): I prefer to

drive rather than travel by train.
(Tơi thích lái xe hơn đi tàu.)

As the subject

Listening is my best skill.

My favourite sport is swimming

V-ing: Quên đã làm gì (ở
quá khứ). She will never
forget meeting the Queen.

Complement (bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ)

My favourite sport is swimming

FORGET

to-V: Quên sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại –
tương lai). Don’t forget to buy flowers.

It's no use/ no good/ useless ...(vơ
ích...) : It’s no use teaching her.

V-ing: nhớ/ quên/ tiếc việc gì đã làm
(ở quá khứ). I paid her $2. I still
remember that. I still remember
paying her $2.

REMEMBER

CAN’T HELP DOING SOMETHING:
không thể không làm gì đó, khơng
thể nín nhịn làm gì đó (thường là
khơng thể nhịn cười). Ex: I can't help
laughing

to-V: nhớ sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại
– tương lai). Remember to send
this letter

V-ing or to-V
There is no point + V-ing = It is pointless + to
V

AFTER SOME EXPRESSIONS

V-ing: tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ). He
regrets dropping out of school early. It is
the biggest mistake in his life.

There is no point (in) + V-ing: Khơng có lý
nào

There is no point in locking the barn door now
that the horse has been stolen.

The point of V-ing: mục đích để làm
gì. Ex: What is the point of having a

car if you never use it?

I can't bear listening to their singing.

to-V: tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện
tại – tương lai). I regret to
inform you that the train was
cancelled

REGRET

CAN'T BEAR DOING SOMETHING
= STAND DOING SOMETHING:
chịu đựng được khi làm gì đó

I live only a short walk from here, so it’s not
worth taking a taxi.
f you are a young, inexperienced driver, it is
worth having comprehensive insurance.

It was a waste of time reading that book. It
was rubbish.

V-ing: có nghĩa là: Having a
party tonight will mean working
extra hard tomorrow

MEAN
It's (not) worth + V-ing: (không) giá
trị, (không) xứng đáng để làm gì

I see him passing my
house everyday.

It is a waste of time + V-ing: It is a
waste of time + V-ing

I had difficulty (in) finding a new job.

Có thể thêm giới từ “in” sau “difficulty”.

Have difficulty/trouble + V-ing: gặp
khó khăn trong việc gì.

Chỉ sử dụng “have difficulty/ trouble” trong
cấu trúc chứ không sử dụng dạng số nhiều là
“have difficulties/ troubles”.

I spend time reading new novels.
Don’t waste time day dreaming!

We saw him
leave the
house.

V-ing: đề nghị: I propose
waiting till the police get
here

Object + V-ing: cấu trúc này

được sử dụng khi người nói chỉ
chứng kiến 1 phần của hành
động.

PROPOSE

Object + V: cấu trúc này
được sử dụng khi
người nói chứng kiến
tồn bộ hành động.

They don’t
allow us to park
here.

They don’t allow
parking here.

to-V: có ý định: I propose to
start tomorrow

V-ING: Nhấn mạnh trải
nghiệm chung. Thường dùng
để diễn tả tình huống/hành
động cụ thể hoặc để gợi ý sự
tận hưởng (hoặc kém tận
hưởng)

SEE/ HEAR/ SMELL/
FEEL/ NOTICE/ WATCH

Spend time/ Waste time + V-ing:
dành thời gian/ tốn thời gian làm gì

to-V: có ý định: I mean to
work harder

LIKE/ HATE/ LOVE
TO-V: Nhấn mạnh nhiều hơn
tới kết quả của hành động
hoặc sự việc, thường liên
quan tới sở thích, thói quen...

Object + to V:khuyên/
cho phép/ đề nghị ai
làm gì.

I love going to the
cinema.

I love to dance at
the jazz club.

V-ing: Tiếp tục làm 1 việc nào
đó: He goes on talking about
his accident

ADVISE/ ALLOW/ PERMIT/
RECOMMEND

GO ON

V-ing: khuyên/
cho phép/ đề nghị
làm gì.

V-ing: ngừng việc đang
làm. She stopped singing
(cô ấy ngừng hát)

to-V: ngừng để làm việc
khác. She stopped to sing
(cô ấy ngừng để hát)

STOP

TRY

to-V: Làm 1 việc nào đó mới.
He goes on to talk about his
accident

V-ing (Thử): You should try
unlocking the door with this key.

to-V (cố gắng làm gì): I tried
to pass the exam.