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Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Description
(1/1)
Spring
Stabilizer
Shock absorber
Torsion beam
Spring
Suspension arm
Lower arm
Shock absorber
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Oscillation and Driving Comfort
(1/3)
Sprung weight
Unsprung weight
Sprung weight
Sprung weight
Unsprung weight
Unsprung weight
1.Sprung weight and
unsprung weight
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Oscillation and Driving Comfort
(2/3)
(1) Pitching
(2) Rolling
(3) Bouncing

(4) Yawing
2.Oscillation of sprung
weight
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Oscillation and Driving Comfort
(3/3)
3.Oscillation of unsprung
weight
(1) Hopping
(2) Tramping
(3) Wind-up
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(1/3)
(1) Rigid axle suspension
(2) Independent suspension
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(1/3)
(1) Rigid axle suspension
(2) Independent suspension
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(1/3)
(1) Rigid axle suspension
(2) Independent suspension

Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(2/3)
(1) Trailing arm type with torsion beam
(2) Parallel leaf spring type
(3) Leading arm type with lateral rod,
trailing arm type with lateral rod
(4) 4-link type
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(2/3)
(1) Trailing arm type with torsion beam
Trailing arm
Torsion beam
Stabilizer bar
No lift-up
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(2/3)
(2) Parallel leaf spring type
Rear axle
Leaf spring
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(2/3)
(3) Leading arm type with lateral rod,

trailing arm type with lateral rod
Lateral control rod
Leading arm
Front suspension
Rear suspension
Trailing arm
Lateral control rod
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(2/3)
(4) 4-link type
Upper control arm
Lateral control rod
Lower control armUpper control arm
Stabilizer
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(3/3)
(1) Macpherson strut type
(2) Double wishbone type
•
Semi-trailing arm type
Suspension arm
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(3/3)
Stabilizer link

Stabilizer bar
Lower arm
Suspension member
REFERENCE:
Spring offset
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Suspension System
Suspension Types and Characteristics
(3/3)
Upper arm
Coil spring
Tire-to-ground
camber
Tread
Tread
Lower arm
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Springs
Characteristics
(1/2)
1. Elasticity
1.Elasticity/
2.Spring rate (constant)
2. Spring constant
Load
K =
W
a
Where W = external force (load), in N
a = amount of contraction

(deformation), in mm
k = spring constant, in N/mm
= k (constant)
W1
a1
W2
a2
W3
a3
W1
W2
W3
a1
a2
a3
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Springs
Characteristics
(2/2)
3.Spring oscillation
Oscillation
pattern
3. Spring oscillation
Time
Amplitude
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Springs
Types of spring
(1/6)
1.Outline

Suspension spring
Metallic spring
Non-metallic spring
Leaf spring
Coil spring
Torsion bar spring
Rubber spring
Air spring
Leaf spring Coil spring Torsion bar spring
Fixed end of
torsion bar
Torsion applied to end of
bar by lever
Rubber spring Air spring
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Springs
Types of spring
(2/6)
2.Leaf springs
Center boltEye
Clip
Shackle
Span
Nip
Camber
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Springs
Types of spring
(3/6)
Silencer pads

Measure to reduce inter-leaf friction
Taper end
Helper springs
Helper spring
Main spring
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Springs
Types of spring
(4/6)
Progressive
spring
Progressive spring
Spring rod
Load
Load
Unequal-pitch spring Conical springs
Flexure
Load
Taper coil spring
3.Coil springs
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Springs
Types of spring
(5/6)
4.Torsion bar springs/
5.Rubber springs
4. Torsion bar springs
5. Rubber springs
Torsion
Opposing torsion Fixed end of torsion bar

Torsion applied to end of bar by lever
Rubber cushion
Springs bumper
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Springs
Types of spring
(6/6)
Air chamber
Rolling diaphragm
6.Air springs
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Shock Absorbers
Description
(1/1)
Spring
Tire
Shock absorber
Suspension
linkage & axle
without Shock absorber
with Shock absorber
Time
Amplitude
Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System
Shock Absorbers
Description
(1/1)
1. Principal of operation
1.Principal of operation
Orifice

Piston
Valve
<1> Expansion <2> Expansion
<3> Expansion
Compression
Compression
Compression
Damping forceDamping force
Damping force
Piston speed
Piston speed
Piston speed
High (firm)
Medium (sports)
Low (soft)
Low (soft)
Medium (sports)
High (firm)