Supplementary tasks introduction to computers and programming

Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming

A. Review:
A.1. What is a computer? Give at least 3 examples.
A.2. What is a program? Give at least 3 examples.
A.3. What is a programming language? Give at least 3 examples.
A.4. What is programming? List several supporting tools for programming.
A.5. Describe the main features of the C language.
A.6. Why do we need a compiler for C programs?
A.7. Describe the programming tasks.
A.8. What is source code?
A.9. What is an algorithm? Distinguish an algorithm from a program.
A.10.What is pseudo code?
A.11.What is a flowchart?
A.12.Make a comparison of different representation types of an algorithm: pseudo code, flowchart, real
code in a programming language.

B. Practice:
B.1. Write the solution of each following problem.
B.1.1. Given a positive integer number, check if the number is an odd.

Input1: 5
Output1: an odd

Input2: 8


Output2: not an odd

B.1.2. Given a positive integer number, find the Fibonacci number series whose size is the given number.

Input1: 3
Output1: 0 1 1

Input2: 5
Output2: 0 1 1 2 3

B.1.3. Given a positive real number, find its closest integer number.

Input1: 1.2
Output1: 1

Input2: 2.0
Output2: 2

Input3: 3.7
Output3: 4

B.1.4. Given a vector in the 2-dimensional space, find its normalized vector, which has the same
direction but size of 1.

Input1: x = 1, y = 2
Output1: x = 0.447214, y = 894427


Input2: x = 2, y = 5
Output2: x = 0.371391, y = 0.928477

Input3: x = 0, y = 0
Output3: x = 0, y = 0

B.1.5. Given two points in the 2-dimensional space, find their Euclidean distance.

Input1: x1 = 1, y1 = 2, x2 = 3, y2 = -1.5
Output1: 4.031129

Input2: x1 = 2, y1 = 2, x2 = 0, y2 = 0
Output2: 2.828427

B.1.6. Given two vectors in the 2-dimensional space, check if the angle between these two vectors is a
right angle (an angle of 90 degrees).

Input1: x1 = 1, y1 = 2, x2 = 3, y2 = -1.5
Output1: right angle

Input2: x1 = 2, y1 = 2, x2 = 0, y2 = 0
Output2: not a right angle

Input3: x1 = 2, y1 = 1, x2 = 1, y2 = -1
Output3: not a right angle, angle = 71.565112 degrees


B.1.7. Given n positive real numbers, find all the maximum numbers.

Input1: n = 5; {2.9, 3.1, 1.2, 4.6, 5.2}
Output1: the number at the 5-th position: 5.2

Input2: n = 5; {2.9, 5.2, 1.2, 4.6, 5.2}
Output2: the numbers at the 2- and 5-th positions: 5.2

B.1.8. Given n points in the d-dimensional space, find the nearest points of another given query point in

the same space based on their Euclidean distances.

Input1: n = 5, d = 1, x1 = 1, x2 = 3, x3 = 8, x4 = 16, x5 = 8, qx = 7
Output1: x3 = 8, x5 = 8

Input2: n = 5, d = 2, x1 = 1, y1 = 1, x2 = -1, y2 = 2, x3 = -3, y3 = -3, x4 = 9, y4 = 5, x5 = 3, y5 = 3, qx = 0, qy =
1
Output2: x1 = 1, y1 = 1

Input3: n = 6, d = 2, x1 = 1, y1 = 1, x2 = -1, y2 = 2, x3 = -3, y3 = -3, x4 = 9, y4 = 5, x5 = 3, y5 = 3, x6 = -1, y6
= 1, qx = 0, qy = 1
Output3: x1 = 1, y1 = 1, x6 = -1, y6 = 1

B.1.9. Given n positive real numbers, find all the numbers greater than another given positive real
number.

Input1: n = 5, {2.9, 5.2, 1.2, 4.6, 5.2}, 3.4


Output1: 5.2, 4.6, 5.2

Input2: n = 6, {2.9, 5.2, 1.2, 4.6, 5.2, 3.4}, 3.4
Output2: 5.2, 4.6, 5.2

B.1.10. Given two strings, check if the second string is contained by the first string.

Input1: s1 = "computer programming", s2 = "programming"
Output1: yes

Input2: s1 = "computer programming", s2 = "computers"

Output2: no

B.1.11. Given a paragraph and a word, find the frequency of the given word in the given paragraph.

Input1: s1 = "computer programming with the C programming language", s2 = "programming"
Output1: 2

Input2: s1 = "computer programming with the C programming language", s2 = "language"
Output2: 1

Input3: s1 = "computer programming with the C programming language", s2 = "computers"
Output3: 0

B.1.12. Given a paragraph, find the words that occur the most frequently.


Input1: s1 = "computer programming with the C programming language"
Output1: "programming": 2

Input2: s1 = "computer programming with the C programming language or any other language that you
prefer"
Output2: "programming": 2, "language": 2

B.1.13. Given n real numbers, find their median. A median of a sorted sequence of elements is defined
as the middle element. If the number of elements is an odd, a median is the same as the center
element. Otherwise, a median is an average of the two center elements.

B.1.14. Given the information of n students including name, identifier (ID), class name, and class ID,
assign each student into a class corresponding to the initial character of his/her name. Particularly, a
class named A_H with the students whose names start with A, B, ..., H has a class ID = 1, another class

named I_S with the students whose names start with I, J, ..., S has a class ID = 2, and another one named
T_Z with the students whose names start with T, U, ..., Z has a class ID = 3. After updating the
information of each student, print their information grouped into three corresponding classes.

B.1.15. Given the information of n products including name, stock identifier, stock number, and unit
price, and additionally given the information of the sold products including name and sold quantity,
update the stock number of each product in the first list and update the amount of money of each sold
product in the second list which is calculated as unit price * sold quantity.

B.2. Write pseudo code of the aforementioned solution of each problem.

B.3. Draw their corresponding flowcharts.